An extrusion structure for gradient material 3D printing, and an apparatus having the same and a 3D printing process using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of gradient material 3D printing with extrusion structure, including multiple for 3D printer's step motor, the step motor is equipped with extrusion structure, the discharge end of the extrusion structure is equipped with heating block, the heating block is equipped with nozzle;The extrusion structure includes connecting frame and driving wheel, the connecting frame is connected with the rack of step motor drive side, the driving wheel is sleeved on the transmission shaft of step motor, the wire groove of the driving wheel is equipped with multiple extrusion components;The extrusion component includes extrusion head and fixed block, the extrusion head is threaded in the recess A and recess B of the driving wheel, the fixed block is connected with the driving wheel, the fixed block is equipped with telescopic piece between the extrusion head, the telescopic piece is sleeved with spring.The application has the advantage of resisting through the wire between driving wheel and pressure roller, so that wire is coherent through.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to an extrusion structure for 3D printing of gradient materials, equipment with the same and a 3D printing process using the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] 3D printing is a technology for manufacturing three-dimensional objects by layering materials. 3D printing wire is the main consumable material of the fused deposition modeling technology, which is formed by layering after extrusion. 3D printing gradient material refers to a kind of advanced material whose composition, structure or performance changes continuously or discretely in space.

[0003] For manufacturing structures with gradient characteristics, 3D printers use multiple nozzles to achieve precise control of the distribution of different materials, thereby manufacturing structures with gradient characteristics. The 3D printer rotates the drive wheel in the extrusion mechanism by means of a stepper motor, and cooperates with the compression wheel in the extrusion mechanism to extrude and convey the wire between the drive wheel and the compression wheel to the nozzle, and then melts the wire by the heating block and sprays it from the nozzle, and then accumulates layer by layer on the workbench. The 3D printer is equipped with X / Y / Z axis drive mechanism to adjust the printing position in three dimensions.

[0004] The drive wheel and the compression wheel in the extrusion mechanism have wire grooves, which are arranged along the outer circle of the drive wheel and the compression wheel, and the wire passes through the wire grooves on the drive wheel and the compression wheel and is extruded. In order to adapt to different sizes of wire, the existing drive wheel and compression wheel are provided with V-shaped wire grooves, and different sizes of wire can contact the wire groove wall after entering the wire groove. However, the contact surface between the wire groove and the wire is reduced, and for relatively smooth wire, the drive wheel and the compression wheel will be worn after the wire slips, and the sprayed wire is not continuous enough.

[0005] In view of this, we propose an extrusion structure for 3D printing of gradient materials, equipment with the same and a 3D printing process using the same. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide an extrusion structure for 3D printing of gradient materials, equipment with the same and a 3D printing process using the same, to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical scheme: a wire extruding mechanism for 3D printing of gradient materials, comprising a wire extruding structure (200), the wire extruding structure comprising a connecting frame and a driving wheel, the connecting frame being fixedly connected with a rack of a stepping motor, a compression shell of the wire extruding structure being rotatably connected with the connecting frame, a torsional spring being arranged on a rotating shaft of the compression shell rotatably connected with the connecting frame, the compression shell being rotatably arranged with a compression wheel, the driving wheel being sleeved on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor, the transmission shaft of the stepping motor extending into the wire extruding structure, the driving wheel corresponding to the compression wheel in the wire extruding structure, a plurality of extrusion assemblies being annularly arranged in a wire slot of the driving wheel, each extrusion assembly comprising an extrusion head and a fixed block, the extrusion head being arranged in a groove A and a groove B formed in the driving wheel, the outer ends of the extrusion head being arc-shaped, the fixed block being fixedly connected with the driving wheel, the fixed block being arranged in an inner end of the groove B, a telescopic member being arranged between the fixed block and the extrusion head, a spring being sleeved on the telescopic member.

[0008] Preferably, movable blocks are fixedly arranged at both sides of the inner end of the extrusion head, the groove A and the groove B being communicated, the length of the groove A being greater than that of the groove B, the outer ends of the two movable blocks being slidably connected with the two side walls of the groove B, and the spring being always in a compressed state.

[0009] Preferably, a groove is formed in the inner end of the extrusion head, the end of the guiding shaft of the telescopic member and one end of the spring being arranged in the groove, the end of the guiding shaft of the telescopic member and one end of the spring being fixedly connected with the top wall of the groove, the other end of the spring and the end of the bushing of the telescopic member being fixedly connected with the fixed block.

[0010] Preferably, the extrusion assembly further comprises a broken piece, a plurality of fixed bars being arranged at the outer end of the extrusion head, a plurality of insertion grooves formed in the fixed bars being respectively insertedly connected with a plurality of insertion bars fixedly arranged at the inner end of the broken piece, the inner end of the insertion groove being closed, the cross section of the insertion bar being trapezoidal, the insertion bar being matched with the insertion groove, a groove C being formed in the inner end of the insertion groove, a spring piece being arranged in the groove C, the spring piece being arc-shaped, the inner end of the spring piece being fixedly arranged in the groove C, and the outer end of the spring piece being abuttingly connected with the insertion bar.

[0011] Preferably, the inner end of the insertion groove is formed as an inclined surface.

[0012] Preferably, the broken piece is in the shape of a hook.

[0013] The gradient material 3D printing equipment of the wire drawing mechanism comprises a plurality of stepping motors for a 3D printer, the stepping motors are connected with an X shaft of the 3D printer through a mounting frame, the mounting frame slides along the X shaft of the 3D printer through an X shaft driving module, a wire drawing structure is arranged on the stepping motor, a heating block is arranged at a discharging end of the wire drawing structure, a nozzle is arranged on the heating block, a throat pipe connected with the heating block is communicated with the nozzle, the throat pipe is connected with a discharging port of the wire drawing structure, the heating block contains a heating resistor, heat is conducted to the nozzle, a heat dissipation fin is arranged on the wire drawing structure, and a fan is arranged on the heat dissipation fin.

[0014] Preferably, the inner cavity of the driving wheel is fixedly provided with an inner tube through a plurality of connecting blocks arranged in an annular array, the inner tube is sleeved on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor, and an outer ring wall of an outer end of the inner tube is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation components in an annular array.

[0015] The heat dissipation component comprises a stand, the stand is fixedly arranged on the outer ring wall of the inner tube, a connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the stand, a sleeve is sleeved on the connecting rod, a limiting block is fixedly arranged at an outer end of the connecting rod, the limiting block is limitedly matched with the sleeve, and a heat conduction fin is fixedly arranged on the sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the heat conduction fin is in a wave shape.

[0017] The gradient material 3D printing process of the equipment comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1, a plurality of wire coils for 3D printing are mounted on a consumable rack of a 3D printer, a technician draws out a wire from the wire coil by hand, and inserts an end of the wire into a wire drawing structure;

[0019] S2, the end of the wire is inserted from a wire cylinder of the wire drawing structure, the wire is arranged between a driving wheel and a pressing wheel of the wire drawing structure, the wire is extruded through a wire groove of the driving wheel and the pressing wheel, an outer end of a corresponding extrusion head contacts the wire, the extrusion head is extruded into the driving wheel, a telescopic part is correspondingly shortened, a spring is further compressed, and a reaction force generated by the compressed spring abuts against the wire; the stepping motor drives the driving wheel to rotate, with the rotation of the driving wheel, the wire passes between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel, and a plurality of extrusion heads sequentially abut against the wire in sequence;

[0020] S3, an X / Y / Z axis driving mechanism of the 3D printer works, the wire is heated by the heating block and then sprayed out from the nozzle in a molten state, in order to ensure continuity, part of waste is sprayed out first, and then the three-axis driving of the 3D printer is matched to print a product on a workbench of the 3D printer.

[0021] Preferably, if the wire material through the driving wheel is soft, the driving wheel with the added broken piece is used, the soft wire material is arranged between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel of the extruding structure, the outer end of the corresponding extruding head contacts the wire material, the hook end of the broken piece is extruded into the wire material, the driving wheel is driven to rotate by the stepping motor, and the soft wire material passes through the driving wheel and the pressing wheel.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The application has the advantages of resisting the wire material between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel, and making the wire material continuous, solves the problem of wire material sliding after the driving wheel and the pressing wheel are worn, and the problem of the sprayed wire material not being continuous.

[0024] 2. The application has the advantages of extruding the soft wire material into the wire material by the hook end of the broken piece when the soft wire material passes through, and preventing the soft wire material from sliding when passing through the worn driving wheel and the pressing wheel.

[0025] 3. The application has the advantage of strengthening the heat dissipation of the driving wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the extruding structure of the application;

[0028] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the extruding structure of the application;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the driving wheel and the pressing wheel structure of the application;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the driving wheel cross-section connection structure of the application;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the driving wheel cross-section structure of the application;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the extruding assembly structure of the application;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the broken piece connection structure of the application;

[0034] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed strip cross-section structure of the application;

[0035] Figure 10 A is a schematic enlarged view of the heat dissipation assembly of the present application; Figure 9 A is a schematic enlarged view of the heat dissipation assembly of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 A is a schematic enlarged view of the heat dissipation assembly of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 A is a schematic enlarged view of the heat dissipation assembly of the present application;

[0038] In the figure: 100, a stepper motor; 200, a wire extruding structure; 300, a nozzle; 400, a heating block; 500, a heat dissipation fin; 600, a fan;

[0039] 201, a connecting frame; 202, a driving wheel; 203, an inner tube; 204, a connecting block; 205, an extruding assembly; 206, a heat dissipation assembly;

[0040] 2021, a groove A; 2022, a groove B;

[0041] 2051, an extruding head; 2052, a movable block; 2053, a fixed block; 2054, a telescopic piece; 2055, a spring; 2056, a broken piece; 2057, an insertion strip; 2058, a fixed strip; 2059, an insertion groove; 20510, a groove C; 20511, a spring piece; 20512, an inclined surface;

[0042] 2061, a stand column; 2062, a sleeve; 2063, a heat conduction fin; 2064, a connecting rod; 2065, a limiting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7The application provides a kind of gradient material 3D printing with extrusion mechanism and equipment with it, 3D printer includes three-axis drive mechanism, gantry, rack, base and control module, etc., still include multiple for 3D printer Step motor 100, Step motor 100 is connected with the X axis of 3D printer by mounting bracket, mounting bracket is slid along the X axis of 3D printer by X axis drive module, Step motor 100 is selected and used by the professional technical personnel according to actual situation;Step motor 100 is equipped with extrusion structure 200, the discharge end of extrusion structure 200 is equipped with heating block 400, heating block 400 is equipped with nozzle 300, throat pipe connected with heating block 400 and nozzle 300 are communicated, throat pipe and the discharge port of extrusion structure 200 are docked, heating block 400 contains heating resistance, and heat is conducted to nozzle 300;Corresponding cooling mechanism is equipped at nozzle 300, so that the material sprayed by nozzle 300 is cooled and formed;Extrusion structure 200 is equipped with fin 500, fan 600 is equipped on fin 500, fan 600 includes shell, fan blade and motor, fan 600 is selected and used by the professional technical personnel according to actual situation, and fan 600 carries out heat dissipation.

[0045] Extrusion structure 200 includes connecting frame 201 and drive wheel 202, connecting frame 201 is fixedly connected with the rack of transmission side of Step motor 100, the compression shell of extrusion structure 200 is rotationally connected with connecting frame 201, torsional spring is arranged on the rotation shaft of compression shell and connecting frame 201, and the elastic coefficient of torsional spring is selected and used by the professional technical personnel according to actual situation;Compression shell is rotationally provided with compression wheel, drive wheel 202 is sleeved on the transmission shaft of Step motor 100, the transmission shaft of Step motor 100 extends into extrusion structure 200, drive wheel 202 corresponds to the compression wheel in extrusion structure 200, and the compression wheel and drive wheel 202 are extruded to convey wire rod.The wire rod end is inserted from the wire drum of extrusion structure 200, the wire rod is arranged between drive wheel 202 and the compression wheel of extrusion structure 200, the wire rod is extruded through the wire rod groove of drive wheel 202 and compression wheel, Step motor 100 drives drive wheel 202 to rotate, along with the rotation of drive wheel 202, the wire rod passes between drive wheel 202 and compression wheel.

[0046] The wire slot of the driving wheel 202 is provided with a plurality of extrusion assemblies 205 in a ring array; the extrusion assembly 205 comprises an extrusion head 2051 and a fixed block 2053, the extrusion head 2051 is arranged in the groove A2021 and the groove B2022 of the driving wheel 202, the outer end of the extrusion head 2051 is arranged in an arc shape, the fixed block 2053 is fixedly connected with the driving wheel 202, the fixed block 2053 is arranged at the inner end of the groove B2022, the fixed block 2053 and the extrusion head 2051 are provided with a telescopic piece 2054, the telescopic piece 2054 comprises a bushing and a guide shaft, a spring 2055 is arranged on the telescopic piece 2054, the elastic coefficient of the spring 2055 is selected by the technical personnel according to the actual situation. The inner end of the extrusion head 2051 is provided with a groove, the end of the guide shaft of the telescopic piece 2054 and one end of the spring 2055 are arranged in the groove, the end of the guide shaft of the telescopic piece 2054 and one end of the spring 2055 are fixedly connected with the top wall in the groove, the end of the bushing of the telescopic piece 2054 and the other end of the spring 2055 are fixedly connected with the fixed block 2053. When the extrusion head 2051 is extruded, the groove at the inner end of the extrusion head 2051 provides a space for the telescopic piece 2054 to retract, and in the limited groove A2021 and groove B2022 space, the activity range of the extrusion head 2051 is larger. The inner end of the extrusion head 2051 is respectively fixedly provided with a movable block 2052, the groove A2021 and the groove B2022 are communicated, the length of the groove A2021 is greater than the length of the groove B2022, the outer ends of the two movable blocks 2052 are respectively slidably connected with the two side walls of the groove B2022, the movable block 2052 moves in the groove A2021, and the movable block 2052 does not come off the groove A2021, so that the extrusion head 2051 does not come off the driving wheel 202; the spring 2055 is always in a compressed state, cooperates with the movable block 2052, and the spring 2055 in the compressed state always provides a force to resist the extrusion head 2051, so that there is a corresponding force when the extrusion head 2051 abuts against the wire. After the extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire, the wire will press the extrusion head 2051 in order to pass between the driving wheel 202 and the compression wheel, the corresponding extrusion head 2051 is extruded into the driving wheel 202, the telescopic piece 2054 is correspondingly shortened, and the spring 2055 is further compressed, and the counterforce generated by the compressed spring 2055 abuts against the wire.

[0047] The present application has the advantages of resisting the wire passing between the driving wheel 202 and the compression wheel, and making the wire continuous, solves the problem that the wire slips after the driving wheel 202 and the compression wheel are worn, and the problem that the sprayed wire is not continuous.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 3 to 10The application provides a kind of gradient material 3D printing with extrusion mechanism for one embodiment: for soft texture wire conveying, extrusion assembly 205 also includes broken piece 2056, broken piece 2056 is hook-shaped, the hook end of hook-shaped broken piece 2056 can hook when extruding soft texture wire, soft texture wire is not easy to slip;Extrusion head 2051 outer end is equipped with multiple fixed bars 2058, multiple fixed bars 2058 are inserted with multiple broken pieces 2056 inner end fixedly provided with insertion bar 2057, insertion slot 2059 inner end is closed, insertion bar 2057 cross section is trapezoidal, insertion bar 2057 is adapted to insertion slot 2059, after insertion bar 2057 is inserted into insertion slot 2059, it will not be separated from insertion slot 2059 from other directions except the direction of insertion;Groove C 20510 is provided in the bottom wall of insertion slot 2059, spring piece 20511 is arranged in groove C 20510, spring piece 20511 is arc-shaped, spring piece 20511 inner end is fixedly arranged in groove C 20510, spring piece 20511 outer end is in abutting engagement with insertion bar 2057.The inner end of insertion slot 2059 is provided with inclined surface 20512, when spring piece 20511 is extruded by inserted insertion bar 2057, spring piece 20511 outer end has enough space to be extruded into insertion slot 2059 along inclined surface 20512.When insertion bar 2057 is pushed into insertion slot 2059, insertion bar 2057 is inserted into insertion slot 2059 first extruding spring piece 20511, arc-shaped spring piece 20511 is extruded into groove C 20510, until the insertion end of insertion bar 2057 contacts the inner end of insertion slot 2059, and then insertion bar 2057 is inserted, at this time, insertion bar 2057 is not extruding spring piece 20511, spring piece 20511 is restored, and spring piece 20511 outer end abuts against insertion bar 2057, so that insertion bar 2057 is positioned in insertion slot 2059, and spring piece 20511 can be installed according to actual conditions.

[0049] The application has the advantages that when passing through the soft texture wire, the hook end of the broken piece 2056 is extruded into the wire, so that the soft texture wire is not easy to slip when passing through the driving wheel 202 and the compression wheel.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 5 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12The application provides a gradient material 3D printing equipment of a wire drawing mechanism, an inner cavity of a driving wheel 202 is fixed with an inner tube 203 through a plurality of connecting blocks 204 arranged in an annular array, the inner tube 203 is sleeved on a transmission shaft of a stepper motor 100, the inner tube 203 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate along with the rotation of the transmission shaft, and a cavity is arranged between the inner tube 203 and the driving wheel 202, which is beneficial to gas circulation and heat dissipation; a plurality of heat dissipation components 206 are arranged in an annular array on an outer ring wall of an outer end of the inner tube 203; the heat dissipation component 206 comprises a stand column 2061, the stand column 2061 is fixedly arranged on the outer ring wall of the inner tube 203, a connecting rod 2064 is fixedly arranged on the stand column 2061, a sleeve pipe 2062 is sleeved on the connecting rod 2064, a limiting block 2065 is fixedly arranged on an outer end of the connecting rod 2064, the limiting block 2065 is in limiting cooperation with the sleeve pipe 2062, a heat conduction sheet 2063 is fixedly arranged on the sleeve pipe 2062, the heat conduction sheet 2063 is in a wave shape, the wave-shaped structure makes the heat exchange area of the heat conduction sheet 2063 larger and the heat conduction effect better. Along with the rotation of the inner tube 203 and the driving wheel 202, the plurality of stand columns 2061, the connecting rods 2064 and the limiting blocks 2065 make circular motion, under the action of gravity of the heat conduction sheet 2063, the heat conduction sheet 2063 tends to be downward in the process of circular motion of the plurality of connecting rods 2064, the position of the heat conduction sheet 2063 relative to the inner cavity wall of the driving wheel 202 is changed at any time, the distance between the inner cavity wall of the driving wheel 202 and the heat conduction sheet 2063 changes along with the rotation of the driving wheel 202, the driving wheel 202 can cooperate with the heat conduction sheet 2063 to dissipate heat at different positions of the inner cavity, and the heat conduction sheet 2063 swings slightly while tending to be downward in the process of rotation of the driving wheel 202, and the wind blown by the fan 600 helps to dissipate heat.

[0051] The application has the advantages of strengthening heat dissipation at the driving wheel 202 by arranging the stand column 2061, the sleeve pipe 2062, the heat conduction sheet 2063, the connecting rod 2064 and the limiting block 2065.

[0052] Please refer to Figures 1 to 12 Gradient material 3D printing process:

[0053] S1, a plurality of wire coils for 3D printing are installed on a consumable rack of a 3D printer, a technician draws out the wire of the wire coil by hand, and inserts the wire end into the wire drawing structure 200;

[0054] S2, the wire end is inserted from the wire drum of the wire drawing structure 200, the wire is arranged between the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel of the wire drawing structure 200, the wire is extruded through the wire slot of the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel, the corresponding outer end of the extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire, the extrusion head 2051 is extruded into the driving wheel 202, the corresponding telescopic part 2054 is shortened, the spring 2055 is further compressed, and the reaction force generated by the compressed spring 2055 is pressed against the wire; the stepping motor 100 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate, with the rotation of the driving wheel 202, the wire passes between the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel, and the plurality of extrusion heads 2051 sequentially and sequentially press the wire;

[0055] S3, the X / Y / Z axis driving mechanism of the 3D printer works, the wire is heated to a molten state and sprayed from the nozzle 300 after passing through the heating block 400, in order to ensure continuity, the first part of waste is sprayed, and then the three-axis drive of the 3D printer is matched to print the product on the workbench of the 3D printer.

[0056] The wire with Shore hardness Shore A (20-60) is defined as a wire with soft texture;

[0057] The wire with soft texture is used for conveying;

[0058] S2.1, if the wire passing is soft, the driving wheel 202 provided with the broken piece 2056 is used, the wire with soft texture is arranged between the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel of the wire drawing structure 200, the outer end of the corresponding extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire, the hook end of the broken piece 2056 is extruded into the wire, the stepping motor 100 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate, and the wire with soft texture passes through the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel.

[0059] It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A filament extrusion mechanism for gradient material 3D printing, characterized in that, The extrusion structure (200) comprises a connecting frame (201) connected with a frame of a driving side of a stepping motor (100) and a driving wheel (202) sleeved on a driving shaft of the stepping motor (100), and a plurality of extrusion assemblies (205) are arranged at a wire slot of the driving wheel (202); the extrusion assembly (205) comprises an extrusion head (2051) and a fixed block (2053), the extrusion head (2051) is arranged in a groove A (2021) and a groove B (2022) formed in the driving wheel (202), two movable blocks (2052) are arranged at both sides of an inner end of the extrusion head (2051), outer ends of the two movable blocks (2052) are slidably connected with both sides of the groove A (2021), the fixed block (2053) is connected with the driving wheel (202), an elastic member (2054) is arranged between the fixed block (2053) and the extrusion head (2051), and a spring (2055) is sleeved on the elastic member (2054). The extrusion assembly (205) further comprises a broken piece (2056), a plurality of fixed bars (2058) are arranged at an outer end of the extrusion head (2051), a plurality of insertion grooves (2059) formed in the fixed bars (2058) are respectively inserted and matched with a plurality of insertion bars (2057) arranged at inner ends of the broken pieces (2056), a groove C (20510) is formed at a bottom wall of the insertion groove (2059), an inclined surface (20512) is arranged at a top of the groove C (20510), a spring piece (20511) is arranged in the groove C (20510), the spring piece (20511) is arranged at an inner end of the groove C (20510), and an outer end of the spring piece (20511) is abuttingly matched with the insertion bar (2057).

2. The filament extruding mechanism of claim 1, wherein: An inner end of the extrusion head (2051) is provided with a groove, and a guide shaft end of the elastic member (2054) and one end of the spring (2055) are arranged in the groove.

3. The filament extruding mechanism of claim 1, wherein: The broken piece (2056) is in the shape of a hook.

4. The gradient material 3D printing apparatus having the filamentation mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The stepping motor (100) is provided with the extrusion structure (200), a heating block (400) is arranged at an outlet end of the extrusion structure (200), a nozzle (300) is arranged on the heating block (400), a heat sink (500) is arranged on the extrusion structure (200), and a fan (600) is arranged on the heat sink (500).

5. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 4, wherein: An inner cavity of the driving wheel (202) is provided with an inner tube (203) through a plurality of connecting blocks (204), and a plurality of heat dissipation assemblies (206) are arranged on an outer ring wall of an outer end of the inner tube (203). The heat dissipation assembly (206) comprises a column (2061) arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube (203), a connecting rod (2064) arranged on the column (2061), a sleeve (2062) sleeved on the connecting rod (2064), and a limiting block (2065) arranged on the outer end of the connecting rod (2064), and the sleeve (2062) is provided with a heat conduction sheet (2063).

6. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: The heat conduction sheet (2063) is in a wave shape.

7. Gradient material 3D printing process using the equipment according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that: S1, a plurality of wire coils for 3D printing are installed on the consumable rack of the 3D printer, and a technician pulls out the wire of the wire coil by hand and inserts the wire end into the extrusion structure (200); S2, the wire end is inserted from the wire cylinder of the extrusion structure (200), the wire is arranged between the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel of the extrusion structure (200), the wire is extruded through the wire groove of the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel, the corresponding extrusion head (2051) contacts the wire at the outer end, the extrusion head (2051) is extruded into the driving wheel (202), the extension piece (2054) is correspondingly shortened, the spring (2055) is further compressed, and the reaction force generated by the compressed spring (2055) is applied to the wire; the stepping motor (100) drives the driving wheel (202) to rotate, and with the rotation of the driving wheel (202), the wire passes between the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel, and a plurality of extrusion heads (2051) sequentially resist the wire; If the passing wire is soft, the driving wheel (202) provided with a broken piece (2056) is used, the soft wire is arranged between the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel of the extrusion structure (200), the outer end of the corresponding extrusion head (2051) contacts the wire, the hook end of the broken piece (2056) is extruded into the wire, and the stepping motor (100) drives the driving wheel (202) to rotate, and the soft wire passes through the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel; S3, the driving mechanism of the 3D printer works, the wire is heated by the heating block (400) and then sprayed from the nozzle (300) in a molten state, in order to ensure continuity, part of the waste is sprayed first, and then the three-axis drive of the 3D printer is matched to print products on the workbench of the 3D printer.

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