Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an agaricus bisporus mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: taking agaricus bisporus waste residues and chicken manure as main raw materials, mixing, adding biogas liquid and a microbial agent for composting fermentation, adding nutrient substances such as humic acid, vitamin B1 and bamboo vinegar, as well as a nano-selenium-chitosan compound and edible amaranth into the fermented material, uniformly mixing, and spraying for sterilization. The selenium element is slowly released through the nano-selenium-chitosan compound, so that the oxidation resistance of the agaricus bisporus is enhanced; the edible amaranth serves as a manganese source, activates a metabolic pathway, promotes nutrient absorption and forms a selenium, manganese and sulfur synergistic network with the feather meal, and the hypha metabolism efficiency, the sporocarp quality and the stress resistance are synchronously improved. The organic fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and quality of agaricus bisporus, shortens the harvesting period, and provides an efficient solution for sustainable development of the agaricus bisporus industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular relates to an Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Agaricus bisporus is a saprophytic fungus. All the nutrients it needs for growth and development come from the culture medium. Therefore, the quality of the culture medium nutrients will directly affect the quality and yield of Agaricus bisporus during the production process. Suitable culture medium has the ingredients and quality suitable for the growth of Agaricus bisporus, and can cultivate Agaricus bisporus with good quality and thick mushroom bodies. If the ingredients of the culture medium are not suitable or the quality is poor, not only will the yield of Agaricus bisporus be reduced, but it will also easily result in thin individual Agaricus bisporus and poor quality.

[0003] In recent years, the Agaricus bisporus industry has developed rapidly. Traditional cultivation methods such as natural cultivation and outdoor pile fermentation have high costs, low yields, short cultivation and supply periods, and poor economic benefits, and can no longer meet domestic and foreign market demand. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, mixing waste fungus residue and chicken manure to obtain a premix;

[0007] S2, adding biogas liquid and microbial agent to the premix, and composting and fermenting to obtain fermentation material;

[0008] S3, adding humic acid, vitamin B1, bamboo vinegar, rice washing water, soybean milk and nano-selenium-chitosan complex to the fermented material, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture;

[0009] S4, adding soybean meal, puffed soybeans, corn protein and feather meal to the mixture in S3;

[0010] S5, adding corn bran, corn bran, vegetable oil and amaranth to the mixture in S4;

[0011] S6, adding lime powder, soil water retaining agent and water to the mixture in S5;

[0012] S7. Spray and disinfect.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste mushroom residue in step S1 is waste mushroom residue of Agaricus bisporus, and the feed ratio of the waste mushroom residue of Agaricus bisporus to chicken manure is 15:10 to 20:10.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the amount of biogas liquid added is 4-7% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of microbial agent added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix; wherein the microbial agent includes 35-40% of Bacillus, 20-30% of yeast, 10-15% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-15% of photosynthetic bacteria and 10-15% of actinomycetes by mass fraction, and the total number of bacteria is greater than 10 6 cfu / g;

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after adding the biogas liquid and the microbial agent into the premix, the composting fermentation is carried out for 18-24 days.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the amount of humic acid added is 3%-5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of vitamin B1 added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of bamboo vinegar added is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of rice water added is 5-8% of the mass of the premix, the amount of soy milk added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of nano-selenium-chitosan complex added is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the premix.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the amount of soybean meal added is 2-5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of puffed soybean added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of corn protein added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of feather meal added is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of vegetable oil added is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of amaranth added is 6-10% of the mass of the premix.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, lime powder is added to the fermentation material to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0; 1-3% soil water retaining agent is added to the fermentation material; water is added to the fermentation material to adjust the water content of the mixture to 75-85%.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S7, 40-50% formaldehyde is used to spray and disinfect the fermentation material.

[0021] Another technical solution provided by the present invention is an Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer made according to the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer preparation method.

[0022] Another technical solution provided by the present invention is an application of the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer in Agaricus bisporus cultivation.

[0023] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention adds nano-selenium-chitosan complex and amaranth to the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer to construct a synergistic enhancement system of selenium and manganese, which can accurately regulate the growth metabolism of Agaricus bisporus, effectively increase the yield and commercial value of Agaricus bisporus while ensuring the nutrient enrichment of the mushroom body, and shorten the harvesting cycle.

[0025] (2) The present invention introduces amaranth, which is easily absorbed and utilized by Agaricus bisporus, as a manganese source to supplement the manganese required for lignin degradation, promote the expression of xylanase and cellulase, effectively degrade the complex xylan and cellulose components in the culture medium, and release more nutrients. Compared with traditional culture matrix, the organic matter degradation and nutrient release efficiency of the formula of the present invention are higher, providing more sufficient nutrients for the growth of Agaricus bisporus, making the mushroom body larger and thicker, and selenium and manganese synergistically promote protein synthesis and cell wall strengthening, making Agaricus bisporus more resistant to stress, reducing the occurrence of diseases, and significantly increasing the proportion of special-grade mushrooms.

[0026] (3) The present invention adds nano-selenium-chitosan complexes to achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of selenium, optimize the antioxidant system of Agaricus bisporus, thereby improving energy metabolism efficiency, accelerating mycelium growth and mushroom bud formation speed. Compared with traditional composting methods, the present invention can optimize substrate decomposition and nutrient absorption, accelerate mycelium growth and fruiting body development, reduce contamination by foreign bacteria, shorten the harvesting cycle of Agaricus bisporus, and thus significantly improve production efficiency.

[0027] (4) Nano-selenium-chitosan complex and amaranth jointly construct a synergistic nutrition and metabolic regulation system of selenium, manganese and sulfur. Nano-selenium activates antioxidant enzyme systems such as glutathione peroxidase, reduces the oxidative damage of reactive oxygen to mycelium, and optimizes the mycelial growth environment; amaranth, as a manganese source, participates in the construction of active centers such as cellulase, xylanase and laccase. Manganese promotes lignin degradation and strengthens cell walls. It also synergizes with sulfur-containing amino acids (cystine and methionine) in feather powder to stabilize enzyme structure and activate lignin degradation. Sulfur-containing amino acids strengthen cell wall and protein synthesis. Therefore, the synergistic system of selenium, manganese and sulfur can simultaneously improve the mycelial metabolic efficiency, fruiting body quality and stress resistance, and achieve precise regulation of the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 The invention discloses a flow chart of a method for preparing Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0034] Exemplary methods:

[0035] A method for preparing Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1, mixing waste fungus residue and chicken manure to obtain a premix;

[0037] S2, adding biogas liquid and microbial agent to the premix, and composting and fermenting to obtain fermentation material;

[0038] S3, adding humic acid, vitamin B1, bamboo vinegar, rice washing water, soybean milk and nano-selenium-chitosan complex to the fermented material, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture;

[0039] S4, adding soybean meal, puffed soybeans, corn protein and feather meal to the mixture in S3;

[0040] S5, adding corn bran, corn bran, vegetable oil and amaranth to the mixture in S4;

[0041] S6, adding lime powder, soil water retaining agent and water to the mixture in S5;

[0042] S7. Spray and disinfect.

[0043] Below, each step will be described in detail.

[0044] Step S1, the waste mushroom residue is Agaricus bisporus waste mushroom residue, which is obtained by cleaning the mushroom residue just produced from Agaricus bisporus, and contains rich organic matter and carbon source that are not fully utilized. Chicken manure is a common agricultural waste, rich in nitrogen source and trace elements. The feed ratio of Agaricus bisporus waste mushroom residue to chicken manure is 15:10 to 20:10. After the two are mixed, they provide basic carbon source and nitrogen source for subsequent microbial fermentation, which is beneficial to the growth and decomposition of microorganisms.

[0045] Step S2: the amount of biogas liquid added is 4-7% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of microbial agent added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix. After the biogas liquid and the microbial agent are added to the premix, composting and fermentation are carried out for 18-24 days.

[0046] The microbial agent includes 35-40% of Bacillus, 20-30% of yeast, 10-15% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-15% of photosynthetic bacteria and 10-15% of actinomycetes, with a total cell count of more than 10 6 cfu / g. Bacillus can decompose organic matter, generate heat, promote compost temperature rise, and speed up decomposition; yeast can decompose organic matter, produce a variety of metabolites, and increase the nutrition of compost; lactic acid bacteria can produce lactic acid, lower pH value, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; photosynthetic bacteria can decompose organic matter, fix nitrogen, and increase the nutrient content of compost; actinomycetes can decompose difficult-to-decompose organic matter, produce antibiotics, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, jointly creating conditions conducive to fermentation.

[0047] Biogas liquid provides quick-acting nutrition, accelerates the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and promotes the composting process. Through the activity of microorganisms, complex organic matter is decomposed into simple substances that can be absorbed by plants, while generating heat to kill harmful bacteria and insect eggs.

[0048] Step S3, humic acid is added in an amount of 3%-5% of the mass of the premix, vitamin B1 is added in an amount of 1-3% of the mass of the premix, bamboo vinegar is added in an amount of 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the premix, rice water is added in an amount of 5-8% of the mass of the premix, soy milk is added in an amount of 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix, and nano-selenium-chitosan complex is added in an amount of 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the premix, preferably 0.08-0.12%.

[0049] The preparation method of the nano-selenium-chitosan complex comprises:

[0050] T1. Synthesis of nano-selenium by chemical reduction: Sodium selenite (Na 2 SeO 3 ) is dissolved in deionized water and the pH is adjusted to acidic (e.g. pH = 2-3, using hydrochloric acid). Under stirring, ascorbic acid solution (vitamin C) is slowly added dropwise to react to generate a red nano-selenium suspension. The molar ratio of sodium selenite to ascorbic acid is controlled to be 1:2 to 1:3, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 25-35°C.

[0051] T2. Preparation of nano-selenium-chitosan complex: Chitosan (deacetylation degree ≥ 85%, molecular weight 50-100kDa) was dissolved in 1% (v / v) dilute acetic acid solution to prepare a 0.5%-1% (w / v) chitosan solution. The prepared nano-selenium suspension was ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to prevent agglomeration. Under stirring, the nano-selenium suspension was slowly added dropwise to the chitosan solution, and the mass ratio of nano-selenium to chitosan was controlled to be 1:5 to 1:10. Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution was added, and the pH was adjusted to 5-6 to promote the ionic crosslinking of chitosan and nano-selenium to form nano-selenium-chitosan complex microspheres. The amount of TPP was controlled so that its mass ratio with chitosan was 1:2 to 1:3. The mixed solution was ultrasonically dispersed for 15 minutes to ensure that the complex was evenly dispersed. The mixed solution was freeze-dried to obtain nano-selenium-chitosan complex powder.

[0052] In the obtained nano-selenium-chitosan complex, the mass fraction of selenium accounts for 5%-10%; the nano-selenium particles are less than 100nm, and the thickness of the chitosan coating layer is about 5-10nm, ensuring sustained release and stability; the molecular weight of chitosan is 50-100kDa, ensuring film-forming properties and sustained release effects.

[0053] Humic acid is a naturally occurring organic substance in the soil that can improve soil structure and promote plant absorption of nutrients; vitamin B1 is an important coenzyme in the metabolic process of many organisms and can promote the growth and development of mycelium; bamboo vinegar is the product of bamboo distillation and contains a variety of organic acids and phenolic substances, which can promote plant growth and inhibit harmful bacteria; rice water is a common wastewater in daily life and contains protein, vitamins and minerals, which are beneficial to plant growth; soy milk is rich in protein, carbohydrates and fat, which can provide carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of Agaricus bisporus. By adding a variety of nutrients that promote the growth of Agaricus bisporus, the nutrition of the premix is ​​more comprehensive.

[0054] Step S4, the amount of soybean meal added is 2-5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of expanded soybean added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of corn protein added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of feather meal added is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix.

[0055] Soybean meal is the soybean residue after oil extraction; puffed soybean is soybean that has been treated with high temperature; corn protein is a byproduct of corn; and feather meal is a byproduct of poultry feather processing. By adding plant protein (soybean meal, puffed soybean, corn protein) and keratin (feather meal) to the mixture, the specific needs of Agaricus bisporus for nitrogen sources and other nutrients at different growth stages can be met. Among them, keratin includes cystine and methionine.

[0056] Cystine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that connects two cysteine ​​residues in proteins through a disulfide bond (SS bond), playing a cross-linking role in the protein structure, making the protein molecule more stable and strong. In the cell wall and fruiting body structure of Agaricus bisporus, cystine forms disulfide bonds to enhance the mechanical strength of the cell wall, helping to make the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus thicker and harder. Methionine is another sulfur-containing amino acid. It is an important precursor for the synthesis of other sulfur-containing compounds (such as glutathione and taurine), and is involved in metabolic pathways including protein synthesis, methylation reactions, and antioxidant defense systems.

[0057] Methionine is one of the essential amino acids for Agaricus bisporus to synthesize new proteins. Adequate methionine supply ensures that Agaricus bisporus can efficiently synthesize the required enzymes, structural proteins and other functional proteins, thereby supporting its rapid growth and development. In addition, methionine is a key precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is one of the most important antioxidants in Agaricus bisporus. Glutathione can help scavenge free radicals, reduce the damage of oxidative stress to cells, protect the integrity of cell membranes and organelles, help maintain the healthy growth of Agaricus bisporus, improve its appearance and texture, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0058] Step S5, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of vegetable oil added is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of amaranth added is 4-6% of the mass of the premix.

[0059] During the growth of Agaricus bisporus, it will secrete cellulase, xylanase and laccase. Corn bran is a byproduct of corn processing and is rich in cellulose. As a substrate for cellulase, cellulase gradually degrades long-chain cellulose into oligosaccharides and glucose by hydrolyzing β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are absorbed and utilized by Agaricus bisporus. Corn bran is a byproduct of corn processing and is rich in xylan. As a substrate for xylanase, xylanase gradually degrades long-chain xylan into oligosaccharides and xylose by hydrolyzing β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are absorbed and utilized by Agaricus bisporus. Cellulase and xylanase work together in the process of degrading plant cell walls, effectively destroying complex polysaccharide structures and releasing more soluble sugars for absorption and utilization by Agaricus bisporus. Vegetable oil is rich in lipid substances. As a substrate for laccase, phenolic compounds in vegetable oil act as electron donors, accept electrons from laccase, and are oxidized into quinone compounds, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency of laccase.

[0060] Adding corn bran, corn bran and vegetable oil provides substrates for cellulase, xylanase and laccase, inducing Agaricus bisporus to produce more corresponding enzymes and improving the activity of the enzymes, thereby accelerating the decomposition of complex organic matter in the culture medium and releasing more nutrients for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.

[0061] Select fresh, uncontaminated amaranth, wash, chop and dry, and crush into fine powder, pass through 80 mesh sieve, add to the mixture, and provide manganese source. Manganese ions maintain the structural stability of cellulase, xylanase and laccase, and promote electron transfer by combining with the active center of cellulase, xylanase and laccase, thereby improving the enzyme's ability to oxidize substrates and enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Providing a manganese source through amaranth directly enhances the activity of cellulase, xylanase and laccase, so that it can more effectively degrade the corresponding substrates (cellulose, xylan and phenolic compounds). Further, manganese ions can activate lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, destroy the crosslinking between lignin and cellulose, and make cellulose and xylan more easily degraded by the corresponding enzymes. In addition, manganese ions can also help Agaricus bisporus cope with oxidative stress in the environment by activating antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT), protect cells from free radical damage, and keep Agaricus bisporus growing in a healthy state.

[0062] Step S6, the main component of lime powder is calcium carbonate. By adding lime powder to the fermentation material, the pH value is adjusted to 7.0-8.0 to create a neutral or weakly alkaline environment to promote the growth of Agaricus bisporus.

[0063] Step S6, adding 1-3% soil water retaining agent to the fermentation material, absorbing the water in the fermentation material and slowly releasing it, effectively regulating the water content. The soil water retaining agent includes one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, starch graft copolymer, cellulose graft copolymer, chitosan, alginate and sodium alginate.

[0064] Step S6, adding water to the fermented material to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 75-85%.

[0065] Step S7, using 40-50% formaldehyde to spray and disinfect the fermented material. The 40-50% formaldehyde solution has a strong sterilization ability and can effectively kill bacteria, fungi, molds and insect eggs in the fermented material.

[0066] Exemplary organic fertilizers:

[0067] An Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer prepared according to the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer preparation method has the following nutritional components:

[0068] Table 1 Nutritional composition

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Example applications:

[0072] An application of the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer in Agaricus bisporus cultivation.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] A method for preparing a nutrient growth agent for Agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps:

[0075] Step S1, mixing Agaricus bisporus waste residue and chicken manure at a ratio of 20:10 to obtain a premix.

[0076] Step S2: Add 6% of the premix weight of biogas liquid and 2% of the premix weight of microbial agent to the premix, pile it into long strips and ferment it for 21 days to obtain fermented material. The microbial agent is composed of Bacillus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1:1:1, and the total number of bacteria is greater than 10 6 cfu / g.

[0077] Step S3, adding 4% of humic acid by weight of the premix, 2% of vitamin B1 by weight of the premix, 0.4% of bamboo vinegar by weight of the premix, 7% of rice washing water by weight of the premix, 1% of soy milk by weight of the premix and 0.08% of nano-selenium-chitosan complex by weight of the premix into the fermented material to obtain a mixture.

[0078] Step S4, adding 4% soybean meal by weight of the premix, 2% puffed soybean by weight of the premix, 1% corn protein by weight of the premix, and 0.5% feather meal by weight of the premix into the mixture in S3.

[0079] Step S5, adding 1.5% of corn bran by weight of the premix, 1.5% of corn bran by weight of the premix, 0.5% of vegetable oil by weight of the premix, and 6% of amaranth by weight of the premix into the mixture in S4.

[0080] Step S6, adding lime powder to the mixture in S5 to adjust the pH value to 8.0, adding 1.5% sodium polyacrylate to the mixture, and adding water to the mixture to adjust the water content of the mixture to 80%.

[0081] Step S7: using 45% formaldehyde for spraying and disinfection.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S3 of this example, 0.10% of the mass of the premix is ​​added into the nano-selenium-chitosan complex.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S3 of this example, 0.12% of the mass of the premix is ​​added into the nano-selenium-chitosan complex.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S3 of this example, 0.15% of the mass of the premix is ​​added into the nano-selenium-chitosan complex.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] The difference from Example 2 is that in step S7 of this example, 2% of the mass of amaranth is added to the premix.

[0090] Example 6

[0091] Different from Example 2, in step S7 of this example, 4% of the mass of amaranth is added to the premix.

[0092] Example 7

[0093] The difference from Example 2 is that in step S7 of this example, 8% of the mass of amaranth is added to the premix.

[0094] Experimental Example 1

[0095] (I) Clean the mushroom shed, build a cultivation bed with a width of 1.2m inside the shed, disinfect it with lime water, and maintain good ventilation.

[0096] (II) According to the formula of Examples 1-7 and commercially available organic fertilizer (Xuerong Agaricus bisporus special clinker / Shanghai Xuerong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), the organic fertilizer required for the experiment was prepared, and each organic fertilizer was evenly spread on the corresponding cultivation bed, flattened and fluffed, with a thickness of 22 cm. The cultivation bed of each experimental group was marked and detailed records were kept.

[0097] (III) Clean the culture bottle with 75% alcohol and place the culture (W192 / acre) into a clean, sterilized pot to make it granular. Spread the culture evenly on the bed, mix the culture and the medium, and gently pat the surface of the medium.

[0098] (IV) Record the sowing date. Keep the temperature at 25-26℃, maintain ventilation, and record the daily spread of mycelium. Select a representative area on the culture bed and mark it with a label for later measurement of mycelium growth rate. Take photos every day to record mycelium growth, and use a ruler or vernier caliper to measure the length of mycelium extension.

[0099] (V) Dry, crush and sieve the soil, take out the soil particles ranging from rice grains to peanut grains, mix them with lime and plant ash, and disinfect them. Evenly cover the surface of the material bed with the treated soil, with a thickness of 3 cm.

[0100] (VI) Control the relative humidity of the air at 80-90%, maintain the temperature at 22-24°C, grow mycelium, and observe the appearance of mushroom buds. When the mycelium grows to 1 cm from the surface of the covering soil, increase the ventilation volume and maintain the temperature at 14-16°C to promote the horizontal growth of the mycelium into mushroom buds. When the fruiting body primordium appears on the mushroom bed, control the temperature below 16°C, stop spraying water, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-95%, and reduce the ventilation volume. When the first mushroom bud appears, record the time of its appearance. Record the appearance of mushroom buds every day until the total number of mushroom buds reaches about 80%, and record the number of days required (DCF). When young mushrooms the size of soybeans grow on the bed, gradually increase the ventilation volume. As the number of mushroom bodies increases and gradually becomes larger, gradually increase the amount of water sprayed to keep the maximum moisture content of the covering soil layer.

[0101] (VII) When Agaricus bisporus is mature (caps are unfolded and stipes are firm), harvest. Record the harvest date and the number of mushroom bodies harvested each time. Grade the mushroom bodies harvested each time according to the standards for premium mushrooms, and record the number of premium and non-premium mushrooms. At each harvest, randomly select 50 mushroom bodies with similar maturity, measure their cap diameters, and calculate the standard deviation (SD) of the cap diameters. At each harvest, record the maturity grade (MLD) of all harvested mushroom bodies. Record the date of the last harvest and calculate the harvest cycle.

[0102] (VIII) Calculate the proportion of premium mushrooms, uniformity (DCF, SD and MLD as well as comprehensive evaluation results), mycelium growth rate and harvesting cycle of each experimental group.

[0103] The criteria for judging premium mushrooms include: the diameter of the cap is greater than or equal to 5 cm; the stem is complete, thick, and intact, with a length between 2-5 cm; the cap is regular in shape, round or hemispherical, with smooth edges and no deformities; the cap is uniform in color, white or slightly light brown, without variegated colors or stains; the gills are tight, neatly arranged, and the color is light pink or brown; the cap is about to unfold or has just unfolded, the gills are clearly visible, and there is no over-ripe or under-ripe situation; there is no disease or insect pest, no rot or damage; no mechanical damage, no cracks. According to the above premium mushroom standards, each mushroom body is graded into premium mushrooms and non-premium mushrooms, and the proportion of premium mushrooms (%) = (number of premium mushrooms / total harvested number) × 100%.

[0104] The calculation method of uniformity includes: 1) recording the number of days from the appearance of the first mushroom bud to the cumulative number of mushroom buds reaching 80% of the total number of mushroom buds, that is, the concentrated fruiting days (DCF). 2) At each harvest, randomly select 50 mushroom bodies with similar maturity (the cap is about to unfold or has just unfolded), use a vernier caliper or ruler to measure the cap diameter (maximum diameter in the horizontal direction) of each mushroom body, and calculate the standard deviation (SD) of the cap diameter. 3) According to the maturity, Agaricus bisporus is divided into Grade 1 (immature: mushroom bud, the cap has not yet unfolded, and is spherical or hemispherical), Grade 2 (semi-mature: the cap begins to unfold, but the edge of the cap still curls inward, and the cap has not yet completely flattened), Grade 3 (fully mature: the cap is fully unfolded, the edge of the cap is flat, and the gills are clearly visible) and Grade 4 (overmature: the cap is fully unfolded, the edge of the cap begins to curl back, and the gills become darker).

[0105] Comprehensive evaluation: DCF: less than 3 days is excellent (3 points), 3-5 days is good (2 points), and more than 5 days is poor (1 point); SD: less than 0.5 cm is excellent (3 points), 0.5 cm-1 cm is good (2 points), and more than 1 cm is poor (1 point); Maturity grade: more than 90% of the grade 3 mushroom bodies are excellent (3 points), 70%-90% of the grade 3 mushroom bodies are good (2 points), and less than 70% of the grade 3 mushroom bodies are poor (1 point).

[0106] Comprehensive score: score = (DCF score + SD score + MLD score) / 3. Score 2.5-3.0, recorded as excellent, mushroom buds appear very concentrated, mushroom body size is highly consistent, maturity synchronization is excellent, and overall growth is very uniform; score 1.7-2.4, recorded as good, mushroom buds appear relatively concentrated, mushroom body size is relatively consistent, maturity synchronization is good, and overall growth is relatively uniform; score 1.0-1.6, recorded as medium, mushroom buds appear at an average time, mushroom body size varies greatly, maturity synchronization is average, and overall growth is acceptable; score less than 1.0, recorded as poor, mushroom buds appear at scattered times, mushroom body size varies greatly, maturity synchronization is poor, and overall growth is very uneven. The summary results are shown in the following table:

[0107] Table 2 Experimental results

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] The synergistic effects of nano-selenium-chitosan complex and amaranth on the growth rate and harvesting cycle of Agaricus bisporus mycelium are mainly due to their biochemical mechanisms: nano-selenium activates the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzyme system to remove free radicals and reduce oxidative stress damage, while participating in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism to provide energy support for mycelium growth; chitosan ensures a stable supply of selenium through slow release and targeted effects, improves the physical properties of the matrix, and promotes healthy mycelium growth. Amaranth is rich in manganese, which, as a cofactor of cellulase, xylanase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), can enhance enzyme activity, accelerate the decomposition of complex organic matter in the matrix, release more soluble nutrients, and improve the mechanical strength and stress resistance of the cell wall.

[0111] There is a significant synergistic effect between selenium and manganese. On the one hand, manganese promotes the absorption and utilization of selenium, and on the other hand, selenium protects the active center of manganese-dependent enzymes from oxidative damage, jointly activating the energy metabolism and material conversion pathways of Agaricus bisporus, thereby significantly increasing the mycelial growth rate, shortening the fruiting cycle, and optimizing the yield and quality. Experimental data show that when the addition amount of nano-selenium-chitosan complex is 0.10% and the addition amount of amaranth is 6%-8%, the synergistic effect is optimal, the mycelial growth rate is the highest (5.55-5.65mm / d), and the harvesting cycle is the shortest (29 days).

[0112] In Examples 1-7, the addition amount of the nano-selenium-chitosan complex and amaranth synergistically affects the growth rate and uniformity of Agaricus bisporus mycelium. When the addition amount of the nano-selenium-chitosan complex is too low (such as Example 1, 0.08%), the selenium element is insufficient to fully activate the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzyme system, resulting in increased oxidative stress damage, slower mycelium growth rate (5mm / d), and a longer fruiting period (32 days). When the addition amount is too high (such as Example 4, 0.15%), excessive selenium will interfere with the sulfur metabolism pathway in Agaricus bisporus, inhibit the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids (such as methionine and cystine), lead to abnormal protein function, and may produce toxicity, thereby reducing the mycelium growth rate (4.8mm / d) and extending the fruiting period (33 days). For the manganese element in amaranth, the amount of amaranth added in Example 7 is 8%. Excessive manganese causes manganese poisoning, destroys the cell membrane structure and inhibits the enzyme activity of cellulase and xylanase, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of matrix decomposition and a decrease in the mycelium growth rate (5.5 mm / d). Although it is still better than commercially available organic fertilizers, it is not as ideal as Examples 5-6. On the contrary, in Example 2 (nanoselenium-chitosan complex 0.10%) and Example 5-6 (amaranth addition 6%-8%), the ratio of selenium to manganese is moderate, and the synergistic effect of the two activates the energy metabolism pathway, enhances antioxidant capacity and enzyme activity, and the mycelium growth rate is the highest (5.35-5.65 mm / d), and the mushroom fruiting cycle is the shortest (29-30 days). Therefore, the addition amount of nanoselenium-chitosan complex and amaranth needs to be accurately controlled to avoid energy metabolism disorders and decreased enzyme activity caused by imbalanced proportions, thereby ensuring the best growth effect of Agaricus bisporus.

[0113] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing waste fungus residue and chicken manure to obtain a premix; S2, adding biogas liquid and microbial agent to the premix, and composting and fermenting to obtain fermentation material; S3, adding humic acid, vitamin B1, bamboo vinegar, rice washing water, soybean milk and nano-selenium-chitosan complex to the fermented material, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture; S4, adding soybean meal, puffed soybeans, corn protein and feather meal to the mixture in S3; S5, adding corn bran, corn bran, vegetable oil and amaranth to the mixture in S4; S6, adding lime powder, soil water retaining agent and water to the mixture in S5; S7, spray disinfection; The added amount of feather powder is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix, and the added amount of amaranth is 6-10% of the mass of the premix.

2. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The waste mushroom residue in step S1 is Agaricus bisporus waste mushroom residue, and the feed ratio of Agaricus bisporus waste mushroom residue to chicken manure is 15:10 to 20:

10.

3. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of biogas liquid added is 4-7% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of microbial agent added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix; wherein the microbial agent includes 35-40% of Bacillus, 20-30% of yeast, 10-15% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-15% of photosynthetic bacteria and 10-15% of actinomycetes by mass fraction, and the total number of bacteria is greater than 10 6 cfu / g; And / or, after adding the biogas liquid and the microbial agent into the premix, the composting fermentation is carried out for 18-24 days.

4. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of humic acid added is 3-5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of vitamin B1 added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of bamboo vinegar added is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of rice water added is 5-8% of the mass of the premix, the amount of soy milk added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of nano-selenium-chitosan complex added is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the premix.

5. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of soybean meal added is 2-5% of the mass of the premix, the amount of expanded soybean added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of corn protein added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the premix.

6. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, the amount of corn bran added is 1-3% of the mass of the premix, and the amount of vegetable oil added is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the premix.

7. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, lime powder is added to the fermentation material to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0; 1-3% soil water retaining agent is added to the fermentation material; water is added to the fermentation material to adjust the water content of the mixture to 75-85%.

8. The method for preparing a Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, 40-50% formaldehyde is used to spray and disinfect the fermented material.

9. An Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer prepared according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the Agaricus bisporus residue organic fertilizer according to claim 9 in Agaricus bisporus cultivation.

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