A drying device and drying method for agaricus with handle
By combining conveyor belt drying equipment with microwave and hot air drying technologies, the problems of high energy consumption and shape deformation in mushroom drying in existing technologies have been solved. This has achieved uniform drying, intact shape, and low energy consumption of mushrooms, thus improving drying efficiency and product quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO ACAD OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for drying edible mushrooms suffer from problems such as high energy consumption, uneven drying, and deformation. In particular, the top and bottom of shiitake mushrooms release water slowly, requiring a long drying time, and microwave drying can easily lead to localized overheating and charring.
The equipment uses a conveyor belt drying system that combines microwave drying and hot air drying technologies. It pre-sprays water through a spray device, uses a color difference probe to detect the degree of dryness, and maintains a vacuum state during the hot air drying process. Combined with a guide groove and pressure plate structure, it ensures stable insertion and release of mushrooms, saving energy.
It achieves uniform drying and intact shape of mushrooms, with low energy consumption, high drying efficiency, and energy saving of 6.5%. It avoids secondary pollution caused by manual operation and improves the dehydration efficiency and product quality of mushrooms.
Smart Images
Figure CN118743470B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural product processing technology, specifically to a drying device and method for mushrooms with stems. Background Technology
[0002] Edible mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of large fungi and are widely recognized as "health foods." Shiitake mushrooms, especially the star variety and a top-grade variety, are known as "mountain delicacies." After harvesting, shiitake mushrooms have a high water content and a crisp, tender texture, making them susceptible to mechanical damage and spoilage from microorganisms during storage and transportation. They are prone to opening their caps, browning, and even rotting. Drying is a common food processing technique, especially for foods that are difficult to preserve. It reduces moisture content, inhibits microbial activity, and extends shelf life. Therefore, drying is crucial for solving these problems. Currently, common methods for drying edible mushrooms include hot air drying, sun drying, and freeze drying, which have been applied to shiitake, seafood mushrooms, and lion's mane mushrooms, among others.
[0003] In current production applications, approximately 90% of the drying of edible mushrooms is achieved using hot air drying technology. As shown in the Chinese invention patent application "An Automatic Temperature-Regulating Shiitake Mushroom Drying Equipment" (patent number CN202410485639.7, publication number CN118160946A), the equipment includes a drying box, a support assembly mounted on the drying box, and a drying assembly. The drying assembly includes an air heater and a mixing mechanism that are connected to the drying box via a pipe.
[0004] This technology has advantages such as low equipment investment, strong adaptability, simple equipment operation, and large processing capacity, but it also has problems such as poor sensory quality, loss of nutrients, and high energy consumption. Taking shiitake mushrooms as an example, the energy consumption is high because the surface of the top and bottom of the mushrooms loses water slowly and the drying time is long during the drying process. At the same time, the drying process can cause the mushrooms to deform, the stems to be bent, and the overall shape of the mushrooms to be missing.
[0005] In the application of microwave drying in shiitake mushroom drying, previous researchers have used microwave power adjustment to change the drying environment and explored its impact on the shiitake mushroom drying process. As shown in the Chinese utility model patent application "A Microwave Drying Device for Shiitake Mushrooms" (patent number CN202323040364.6, publication number CN220916522U), the device includes a box and a cover. A first motor and a second motor are fixedly installed on the bottom of the box. A rotating mechanism is connected to the output shaft of the first motor. A bottom plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box. Two second transmission rods are rotatably connected to the box, and a lifting mechanism is connected to the second transmission rods. A third motor is fixedly installed on the top of the cover, and a conveying mechanism is connected to the output shaft of the third motor. A microwave generator is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the box.
[0006] Although microwave drying is fast and efficient, it can cause localized overheating and charring of shiitake mushrooms. Also, the pores on the surface of the shiitake mushrooms tend to close during the heating process, making it difficult for internal moisture to evaporate.
[0007] Vacuum freeze-drying technology can prevent the cell structure of dried shiitake mushrooms from being damaged, and the physicochemical properties of shiitake mushrooms are well preserved. The rehydrated product has excellent taste and sensory properties. However, vacuum freeze-drying has problems such as high energy consumption, high cost, and large volume of dried material, making it unsuitable for large-scale production applications. It needs to be improved or combined with other drying technologies to achieve widespread applicability.
[0008] Currently, all single drying technologies for shiitake mushrooms have their own advantages and disadvantages, as shown in Table 1 below.
[0009] Drying technologies such as hot air-microwave combination, infrared radiation-hot air combination, freezing-medium and short-wave infrared combination, three-stage microwave-vacuum freezing combination, vacuum-hot air combination, and vacuum freezing-hot air combination can leverage the different advantages of single drying technologies and compensate for certain shortcomings, as shown in Table 2 below.
[0010] Table 1 Comparison of Single Drying Techniques for Shiitake Mushrooms
[0011]
[0012] Table 2 Comparison of Combined Drying Technologies for Shiitake Mushrooms
[0013]
[0014] Currently, the three main considerations for drying technology are: first, improving the quality of dried products; second, reducing energy consumption and production costs; and third, being environmentally friendly. Therefore, further research is needed on mushroom drying technology. Summary of the Invention
[0015] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a drying device for mushrooms with stems that has low energy consumption, uniform drying, and complete shape, in light of the current state of the prior art.
[0016] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a drying method for the above-mentioned drying equipment for stemmed mushrooms, in view of the current state of the prior art.
[0017] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the first technical problem mentioned above is: a drying device for mushrooms with stems, characterized in that: it includes...
[0018] A conveyor belt, wherein the conveyor belt is provided with perforations for inserting the stalk of the fungus from top to bottom;
[0019] A drying chamber is provided for a conveyor belt to pass through, and the drying chamber is divided into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber in sequence along the conveyor belt's conveying direction. The top of the first chamber is provided with a first spray device and a first microwave drying device, with the first spray device located upstream of the first microwave drying device. The second chamber is provided with a hot air drying device. The top of the third chamber is provided with a second spray device and a second microwave drying device, with the second spray device located upstream of the second microwave drying device.
[0020] In order to move the mushrooms to the next chamber after they have dried to a set degree, color difference probes are installed in the first, second, and third chambers to detect the degree of drying of the mushrooms.
[0021] To improve the efficiency of hot air drying, the second chamber is in a vacuum state when the hot air drying device is in operation.
[0022] In order to insert the mushroom stems into the perforations, the drying equipment also includes two opposing guide members that form a guide groove extending along the conveyor belt. The guide groove gradually narrows along the conveyor belt, and only one mushroom can pass through at the downstream end of the guide groove. The downstream end of the guide groove is adjacent to the entrance of the first chamber, and the guide members have upwardly inclined bristles on their opposite walls.
[0023] Relying solely on the weight of the mushroom, the stem may not be inserted deeply enough into the perforation, making it easy for the mushroom to fall out. Therefore, a first pressure plate is provided between the downstream end of the guide groove and the entrance of the first chamber. The first pressure plate is connected to the first driving component, allowing it to move up and down above the conveyor belt. When the stem is inserted into the perforation, the first pressure plate presses down on the top of the mushroom cap from top to bottom, increasing the depth of the mushroom stem insertion into the perforation and reducing the probability of the mushroom falling out.
[0024] To facilitate the removal of the dried mushroom stems from the perforations, a second pressure plate is provided on the exterior of the third chamber near its outlet. This second pressure plate is driven by a second driving component and can move up and down, positioning itself below the conveyor belt. When the mushroom stems are inserted into the perforations, the second pressure plate pushes the bottom of the stems upwards. The second pressure plate pushes the mushrooms onto the upper surface of the conveyor belt, making it easy to manually remove the mushrooms or move them off the conveyor belt using vibration or other methods.
[0025] To prevent mushrooms from being haphazardly inserted into the perforations before they move to the downstream end of the guide groove, a baffle is provided on the bottom wall of the conveyor belt at the perforation. This baffle, under the action of an elastic element, tends to keep the perforation closed. A drive assembly, including a motor, is provided at the perforation to open the corresponding baffle. The motor's output shaft is driven by the baffle. Thus, before the perforation moves to the downstream end of the guide groove, it is closed by the baffle, preventing the mushroom stems from being inserted. The perforation is then opened by the baffle as it approaches the downstream end of the guide groove.
[0026] If the motor is always powered on, it will consume more electricity. Therefore, the conveyor belt is provided with a first contact that is electrically connected to the motor. A second contact and a third contact that are both electrically connected to the mains power are fixed on the side of the conveyor belt. The second contact extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. One end of the second contact is located upstream of the downstream end of the guide groove, and the other end is located between the first pressure plate and the entrance of the first chamber.
[0027] The third contact extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. One end of the third contact is located between the second pressure plate and the outlet of the third chamber, and the other end is located downstream of the second pressure plate.
[0028] When the conveyor belt moves to the state where the first contact point and the second contact point are in contact, the first contact point and the second contact point are electrically connected. When the conveyor belt moves to the state where the first contact point and the third contact point are in contact, the first contact point and the third contact point are electrically connected. In this way, the motor is energized only for a very short time, saving power.
[0029] Preferably, the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of perforations spaced apart along its length. Correspondingly, the number of baffles, elastic elements, drive components, and first contacts are arranged one-to-one with the number of perforations. The plurality of first contacts contact the second contacts one by one, and similarly, the plurality of first contacts contact the third contacts one by one, which enables batch processing of mushrooms.
[0030] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem mentioned above is: a drying method for the above-mentioned drying equipment, characterized by comprising the following steps:
[0031] (1) The mushroom is located on the upper surface of the conveyor belt. When the conveyor belt is working, when the conveyor belt moves to the state where the first contact point and the second contact point are in contact, the first contact point and the second contact point are electrically connected, the corresponding motor is powered on, and the drive baffle opens the corresponding perforation. Because at this time the conveyor belt is adjacent to the downstream end of the guide groove, and the downstream end of the guide groove can only accommodate one mushroom, the stem of this mushroom will be pre-inserted into the perforation of the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt moves forward again, the first pressure plate presses down to position the stem in the perforation, and then the first pressure plate moves up. After the perforation moves to the downstream of the first pressure plate, the first contact point and the second contact point are disengaged, the motor is powered off, and the baffle moves towards closing the perforation under the action of the elastic element, squeezing the stem between the baffle and the side wall of the perforation.
[0032] (2) Then the mushrooms enter the first chamber with the conveyor belt, are sprayed with water by the first spray device, and then pass through the first microwave drying device. During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the first chamber detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches A, the conveyor belt moves to the next step.
[0033] (3) The conveyor belt moves to transport the mushrooms to the second chamber, where the hot air drying device dries the mushrooms. At the same time, the color difference probe in the second chamber detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches B, the conveyor belt moves to the next step.
[0034] (4) The conveyor belt moves to transport the mushrooms to the third chamber. They are sprayed with water by the first spray device and then passed through the second microwave drying device. During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the third chamber detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches C, the conveyor belt moves to the outside of the third chamber.
[0035] (5) When the conveyor belt moves to the point where the first contact point and the third contact point are in contact, the motor is powered on and drives the baffle to open the perforation. The second pressure plate pushes the mushroom stem out of the perforation. At this time, the mushroom can be easily taken off the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt continues to move, the first contact point and the third contact point are separated from contact, the motor is powered off, and the baffle closes the perforation under the action of the elastic element.
[0036] (6) Then the conveyor belt continues to move and the above steps are repeated.
[0037] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: This invention combines microwave drying and hot air drying, resulting in low energy consumption and high drying efficiency in mushroom drying; at the same time, before microwave drying, the mushrooms are sprayed with water through a spraying device, which can overcome the problem of microwave charring during microwave drying. In addition, because microwave drying can increase the activity of water molecules in the mushrooms, it can improve the dehydration efficiency, evaporate the internal moisture of the mushrooms, and combine with hot air to evaporate the external moisture of the mushrooms, ultimately making the mushrooms dry evenly and with intact shape. Attached Figure Description
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure from another direction;
[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the drive components and baffles;
[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a drying oven;
[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second pressure plate and the conveyor belt. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0044] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the drying equipment for mushrooms with stems in this preferred embodiment includes a conveyor belt 1, a drying box 2, a guide 3, a first spray device 21, a first microwave drying device 22, a hot air drying device 23, a second spray device 24, a second microwave drying device 25, a color difference probe, a baffle 4, a drive assembly, etc. The first spray device 21, the first microwave drying device 22, the hot air drying device 23, the second spray device 24, the second microwave drying device 25, and the color difference probe can all adopt existing technologies. For example, the color difference probe can be a Minolta CR-10PLUS colorimeter.
[0045] The conveyor belt 1 is provided with perforations 11 for inserting the stalks from top to bottom. The drying chamber 2 is able to be passed through by the conveyor belt 1. The drying chamber 2 is divided into a first chamber 26, a second chamber 27 and a third chamber 28 along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1. The top of the first chamber 26 is provided with a first spray device 21 and a first microwave drying device 22. The first spray device 21 is located upstream of the first microwave drying device 22. The second chamber 27 is provided with a hot air drying device 23. The top of the third chamber 28 is provided with a second spray device 24 and a second microwave drying device 25. The second spray device 24 is located upstream of the second microwave drying device 25.
[0046] Color difference probes are installed in the first chamber 26, the second chamber 27, and the third chamber 28 to detect the degree of dryness of the mushrooms. When the hot air drying device 23 is operating, the second chamber 27 is in a vacuum state to improve the efficiency of hot air drying.
[0047] Two guide members 3 are positioned opposite each other above the conveyor belt 1. A bracket is provided beside the conveyor belt 1 for each guide member 3, and the guide members 3 are fixedly mounted on the bracket. The two guide members 3 form a guide groove 31 extending along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1. The guide groove 31 gradually narrows along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1, and the downstream end of the guide groove 31 allows only one mushroom to pass through at a time. The downstream end of the guide groove 31 is located near the entrance of the first chamber 26. Upward-sloping bristles can be provided on the opposite wall surface of the guide members 3 to agitate the mushrooms, causing them to stand upright.
[0048] A first pressure plate 7 is provided between the downstream end of the guide groove 31 and the entrance of the first chamber 26. The first pressure plate 7 is driven and connected to the first driving member 71, so that the first pressure plate 7 can be moved up and down above the conveyor belt 1. The first driving member 71 can be installed on the bracket on the side of the conveyor belt 1. When the mushroom stem is inserted into the perforation 11, the first pressure plate 7 can press the top of the mushroom cap from top to bottom. Otherwise, relying solely on the gravity of the mushroom, the mushroom stem may be inserted into the perforation 11 at a shallow depth, and the mushroom may easily fall out of the perforation 11. The first pressure plate 7 increases the depth of the mushroom stem inserted into the perforation 11, reducing the probability of the mushroom falling out of the perforation 11.
[0049] A second pressing plate 8 is provided on the exterior of the third chamber 28 near its outlet. The second pressing plate 8 is movably positioned below the conveyor belt 1 and is driven by a second driving member 81. With the mushroom stem inserted into the perforation 11, the second pressing plate 8 can push the bottom of the mushroom stem from bottom to top. The second pressing plate 8 pushes the mushroom to the upper surface of the conveyor belt 1, making it easy to manually remove the mushroom or move it off the conveyor belt by vibration or other means. The structure of the second pressing plate 8 and the second driving member can refer to the structure of the first pressing plate and the first driving member.
[0050] To prevent the mushrooms from being haphazardly inserted into the perforations 11 before they move to the downstream end of the guide groove 31, a baffle 4 is provided on the bottom wall of the conveyor belt 1 at the perforation 11. The baffle 4 is kept closed by an elastic element 41, and a drive assembly is provided at the perforation 11 to open the baffle 4 corresponding to that perforation. The drive assembly includes a motor 5, and the output shaft of the motor 5 is drivenly connected to the baffle 4. Thus, before the perforation 11 moves to the downstream end of the guide groove 31, the perforation 11 is closed by the baffle 4, preventing the mushroom stems from being inserted into the perforation 11. When the perforation 11 approaches the downstream end of the guide groove 31, it is then opened by the baffle 4. A notch 42 for embedding the mushroom stem can be provided at the edge of the baffle 4. Figure 3 The upper baffle 4 is in the open state of the perforation 11, and the lower baffle 4 is in the closed state of the perforation 11. The motor 5 can be a stepper motor or other motor to control the movement range of the baffle 4.
[0051] If the motor 5 is always powered on when the drive components are not needed, it will consume more electricity. Therefore, the conveyor belt 1 is provided with a first contact 51 that is electrically connected to the motor 5. A second contact 6 and a third contact, both electrically connected to the mains power, are fixedly provided on the side of the conveyor belt 1. The second contact 6 and the third contact can be fixedly installed on the side of the conveyor belt 1 by a bracket. The second contact 6 extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1. One end of the second contact 6 is located upstream of the downstream end of the guide groove 31, and the other end is located between the first pressure plate 7 and the entrance of the first chamber 26.
[0052] The third contact extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1. One end of the third contact is located between the outlet of the second pressure plate 8 and the third chamber 28, and the other end is located downstream of the second pressure plate 8.
[0053] When the conveyor belt 1 moves to the state where the first contact 51 contacts the second contact 6, the first contact 51 and the second contact 6 are electrically connected. When the conveyor belt 1 moves to the state where the first contact 51 contacts the third contact, the first contact 51 and the third contact are electrically connected. In this way, the motor 5 is energized only for a very short time, saving power. The aforementioned electrical connection method between the first contact 51 and the motor 5, the second contact 6, and the third contact is existing technology. For example, the first contact 51 includes two conductive plates, one for power input and one for power output. The second contact 6 also includes two conductive plates, one for power input and one for power output. When the conductive plates of the first contact 51 and the second contact 6 are correspondingly attached, a closed conductive circuit is formed. The first contact 51 and the third contact are based on the same principle.
[0054] In this embodiment, the conveyor belt 1 is provided with a plurality of perforations 11 spaced apart along its length. Correspondingly, the number of baffles 4, elastic elements 41, driving components, and first contacts 51 are arranged one-to-one with the number of perforations 11. The plurality of first contacts 51 contact the second contacts 6 one by one. Similarly, the plurality of first contacts 51 contact the third contacts one by one, which can process mushrooms in batches.
[0055] The drying method of the above-mentioned drying equipment includes the following steps:
[0056] (1) The mushroom is located on the upper surface of the conveyor belt 1. When the conveyor belt 1 is working, when the conveyor belt 1 moves to the state where the first contact 51 and the second contact 6 are in contact, the first contact 51 and the second contact 6 are electrically connected, the corresponding motor 5 is powered on, and the drive baffle 4 opens the corresponding perforation 11. Because at this time the conveyor belt 1 is adjacent to the downstream end of the guide groove 31, and the downstream end of the guide groove 31 can only accommodate one mushroom, the stem of this mushroom will be pre-inserted into the perforation 11 of the conveyor belt 1. The conveyor belt 1 moves forward again, the first pressure plate 7 presses down to position the stem in the perforation 11, and then the first pressure plate 7 moves up. After the perforation 11 moves to the downstream of the first pressure plate 7, the first contact 51 and the second contact 6 are disengaged, the motor 5 is de-energized, and the baffle 4 moves towards closing the perforation 11 under the action of the elastic element 41, squeezing the stem between the baffle 4 and the side wall of the perforation 11, further playing the role of positioning the stem.
[0057] (2) Then the mushrooms enter the first chamber 26 along the conveyor belt 1. They are first sprayed with water by the first spray device 21, and then passed through the first microwave drying device 22. During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the first chamber 26 detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches A, the conveyor belt 1 moves to the next step.
[0058] (3) The conveyor belt 1 moves to transport the mushrooms to the second chamber 27. The hot air drying device 23 dries the mushrooms at a temperature between 30° and 40°. The second chamber 27 is in a vacuum state. The color difference probe in the second chamber 27 simultaneously detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches B, the conveyor belt 1 moves to the next step.
[0059] (4) The conveyor belt 1 moves to transport the mushrooms to the third chamber 28. They are sprayed with water by the first spray device 21 and then by the second microwave drying device 25. During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the third chamber 28 detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches C, the conveyor belt 1 moves to the outside of the third chamber 28.
[0060] (5) When the conveyor belt 1 moves to the point where the first contact 51 and the third contact 51 are in contact, the motor 5 is powered on and drives the baffle 4 to open the perforation 11. The second pressure plate 8 pushes the mushroom stem out of the perforation 11. At this time, the mushroom can be easily removed from the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt continues to move, the first contact 51 and the third contact 51 are separated from contact, the motor 5 is powered off, and the baffle 4 closes the perforation 11 under the action of the elastic element 41.
[0061] (6) Then conveyor belt 1 continues to move and repeats the above steps.
[0062] The movement of the transmission belt can adopt existing structural forms, which will not be elaborated here.
[0063] The stem-bearing mushroom used in this embodiment is specifically the shiitake mushroom. The drying device and method for the stem-bearing mushroom in this embodiment can achieve automated production with intact mushroom shape, uniform drying, and low energy consumption. It is highly efficient, saves 6.5% of energy, and avoids secondary pollution caused by manual operation.
[0064] Two samples of shiitake mushrooms of uniform size, each weighing 5 kg, were randomly selected. Experiments were conducted using the drying technology described in this embodiment and conventional drying technology. In the first chamber 26, microwave drying was performed for 3 minutes. When the color difference reached 77.93±2.63, the mushrooms were transferred to the second chamber 27 for hot air drying for 20 minutes. When the color difference reached 60.01±4.92, the mushrooms were transferred to the third chamber 28 for microwave drying for 3 minutes. When the color difference reached 56.60±5.64, the moisture content of the shiitake mushrooms reached 13.17±0.48%, with a total energy consumption of 3.085 kW. Conventional hot air drying, on the other hand, required 60 minutes and consumed 3.3 kW, resulting in an energy saving of 6.5%.
[0065] The specific calculations are shown in the table below. Note: Hot air drying power 1.1 kW / h; microwave 20 kW / h.
[0066]
[0067] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Since the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be arranged in different directions, these terms indicating direction are only for illustration and should not be regarded as limitations. For example, "upper" and "lower" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite to or consistent with the direction of gravity.
Claims
1. A drying device for mushrooms with stems, characterized in that: include Conveyor belt (1), the conveyor belt (1) is provided with perforations (11) for inserting the stalk from top to bottom; A drying chamber (2) is provided for a conveyor belt (1) to pass through. The drying chamber (2) is divided into a first chamber (26), a second chamber (27) and a third chamber (28) in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1). The top of the first chamber (26) is provided with a first spray device (21) and a first microwave drying device (22). The first spray device (21) is located upstream of the first microwave drying device (22). The second chamber (27) is provided with a hot air drying device (23). The top of the third chamber (28) is provided with a second spray device (24) and a second microwave drying device (25). The second spray device (24) is located upstream of the second microwave drying device (25). It also includes two opposing guide members (3), which form a guide groove (31) extending along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1). The guide groove (31) gradually narrows along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1), and the downstream end of the guide groove (31) can only allow one mushroom to pass through. The downstream end of the guide groove (31) is adjacent to the entrance of the first chamber (26). The guide members (3) are provided with bristles extending upwards on the opposite wall. The bottom wall of the conveyor belt (1) is provided with a baffle (4) at the perforation (11). The edge of the baffle (4) is provided with a notch (42) for embedding the stem of the mushroom. The baffle (4) is kept closed by an elastic element (41). The perforation (11) is provided with a drive assembly for opening the baffle (4) corresponding to the perforation (11). The drive assembly includes a motor (5). The output shaft of the motor (5) is drivenly connected to the baffle (4). Color difference probes are provided in the first chamber (26), the second chamber (27) and the third chamber (28); When the hot air drying device (23) is in operation, the second chamber (27) is in a vacuum state.
2. The drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first pressing plate (7) is provided between the downstream end of the guide groove (31) and the entrance of the first chamber (26). The first pressing plate (7) is driven and connected to the first driving member (71), so that the first pressing plate (7) can be moved up and down above the conveyor belt (1). When the mushroom stem is inserted into the perforation (11), the first pressing plate (7) can press the top of the mushroom cap from top to bottom.
3. The drying equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third chamber (28) has a second pressure plate (8) near its outlet. The second pressure plate (8) is driven and connected to the second driving member (81) and can move up and down. The second pressure plate (8) is positioned below the conveyor belt (1) and can move up and down. When the stipe is inserted into the perforation (11), the second pressure plate (8) can push the bottom of the stipe from bottom to top.
4. The drying equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conveyor belt (1) is provided with a first contact (51) electrically connected to the motor (5). A second contact (6) and a third contact, both electrically connected to the mains power, are fixedly provided on the side of the conveyor belt (1). The second contact (6) extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1). One end of the second contact (6) is located upstream of the downstream end of the guide groove (31), and the other end is located between the first pressure plate (7) and the entrance of the first chamber (26). The third contact extends along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1), with one end of the third contact located between the outlet of the second pressure plate (8) and the third chamber (28), and the other end located downstream of the second pressure plate (8). When the conveyor belt (1) moves to the state where the first contact (51) and the second contact (6) are in contact, the first contact (51) and the second contact (6) are electrically connected. When the conveyor belt (1) moves to the state where the first contact (51) and the third contact are in contact, the first contact (51) and the third contact are electrically connected.
5. The drying equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conveyor belt (1) is provided with a plurality of perforations (11) spaced apart along its length. Correspondingly, the number of the baffle (4), elastic element (41), drive assembly, and first contact (51) is set one-to-one with the number of perforations (11). The plurality of first contact (51) contacts the second contact (6) one by one. Similarly, the plurality of first contact (51) contacts the third contact one by one.
6. A drying method for the drying equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) The mushroom is located on the upper surface of the conveyor belt (1). The conveyor belt (1) is working. When the conveyor belt (1) moves to the state where the first contact point (51) and the second contact point (6) are in contact, the first contact point (51) and the second contact point (6) are electrically connected. The corresponding motor (5) is powered on, and the drive baffle (4) opens the corresponding perforation (11). Because at this time the conveyor belt (1) is adjacent to the downstream end of the guide groove (31), and the downstream end of the guide groove (31) can only accommodate one mushroom, the stem of this mushroom will be pre-inserted in In the perforation (11) of the conveyor belt (1), the conveyor belt (1) moves forward again, the first pressure plate (7) presses down to position the stipe in the perforation (11), and then the first pressure plate (7) moves up. After the perforation (11) moves to the downstream of the first pressure plate (7), the first contact (51) and the second contact (6) disengage, the motor (5) is de-energized, and the baffle (4) moves towards closing the perforation (11) under the action of the elastic element (41), squeezing the stipe between the baffle (4) and the side wall of the perforation (11); (2) Then the mushrooms enter the first chamber (26) along the conveyor belt (1), are sprayed with water by the first spray device (21), and then pass through the first microwave drying device (22). During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the first chamber (26) detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches A, the conveyor belt (1) moves to the next step. (3) The conveyor belt (1) moves to transport the mushrooms to the second chamber (27), and the hot air drying device (23) dries the mushrooms. The color difference probe in the second chamber (27) simultaneously detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches B, the conveyor belt (1) moves to the next step. (4) The conveyor belt (1) moves to transport the mushrooms to the third chamber (28). They are sprayed with water by the first spray device (21) and then by the second microwave drying device (25). During the microwave drying process, the color difference probe in the third chamber (28) detects the color difference of the mushrooms. When the color difference reaches C, the conveyor belt (1) moves to the outside of the third chamber (28). (5) When the conveyor belt (1) moves to the point where the first contact (51) and the third contact are in contact, the motor (5) is powered on and drives the baffle (4) to open the perforation (11). The second pressure plate (8) pushes the mushroom stem out of the perforation (11). At this time, the mushroom can be easily removed from the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt (1) continues to move, the first contact (51) and the third contact are disengaged, the motor (5) is powered off, and the baffle (4) closes the perforation (11) under the action of the elastic element (41). (6) Then the conveyor belt (1) continues to move and repeats the above steps.