The invention discloses an iron barrel paint spraying device for environmental protection machinery. The iron barrel paint spraying device comprises a base, a rotating motor, a mounting plate, an adjusting device and paint spraying devices. The rotating motor is arranged on the lower end face of a transverse plate, and the end of an output shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the mounting plate. The adjusting device comprises a double-shaft motor and two screw rods, sliding blocks are arranged on the screw rods, electronic telescopic rods are arranged at the lower ends of the sliding blocks, and the two paint spraying devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the mounting plate. Each paint spraying device comprises a paint barrel, a pump body and a paint spraying head, wherein the paint spraying head is hinged to the lower end of the corresponding electronic telescopic rod, and an inlet and an outlet of the pump body are connected with the paintbarrel and the paint spraying head separately. According to the diameter of an iron barrel, the positions of the paint spraying devices can be adjusted from two sides, the directions of the spraying heads can be adjusted, and thus paint spraying can be conveniently carried out on the outer wall and the inner wall of a barrel body; in combination with the rotating motor and the telescopic rods, therequirement for different-depth paint spraying on the interior and exterior of the barrel body can be met; and rotatable paint spraying is adopted, so that uniformity and practicality are higher.