Special fertilizer for fruit trees and preparation method thereof
By combining organic/inorganic compound fertilizer with fermented organic fertilizer and wrapping fertilizer with envelope agent, the problem of low fertilizer utilization efficiency of existing fruit tree fertilizers has been solved, and more efficient fertilizer utilization and improvement of fruit tree growth and development has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411082430.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
AI Technical Summary
The fertilizer efficiency of existing fruit tree fertilizers is not high, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. At the same time, the production cost of organic slow-release fertilizers is high, the modification treatment is limited, and the efficacy is single, and the construction of slow-release carriers is unstable.
The organic/inorganic compound fertilizer is used as the core, combined with fermented organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the composite fertilizer is wrapped with a wrapper prepared by polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and glycerin to form a special fertilizer for fruit trees.
It improves the water retention and sustained release effect of fertilizer, improves the release rate and absorption rate of fertilizer, and significantly improves the yield of fruit trees and the quality of fruits.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0004984137320000051
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and more particularly to a special fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The rapid development of modern agriculture is inseparable from the effective support of the fertilizer industry. Fertilizers have a fast onset of action, high fertilizer efficiency, and relatively low prices. They are suitable for large-scale production, which is conducive to ensuring the realization of the goal of high yields of major grain crops year after year and promoting the improvement of the yield and quality of cash crops. The growth of fruit trees, like other crops, requires the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as many minerals and trace elements such as calcium, iron, sulfur, and zinc. However, during the use of various fertilizers, they are easily lost through volatilization, leaching, decomposition, and runoff, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency utilization, which not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment. Slow-release fertilizer technology has gradually become the research focus of the current fertilizer industry because of its advantages of being able to effectively control the release rate of fertilizers, reduce the number of fertilizer applications, and improve fertilizer utilization.
[0003] At present, there are many varieties of slow-release fertilizers on the market, but in actual applications, the use of slow-release fertilizers accounts for less than 15% of the total fertilizer application. In particular, organic slow-release fertilizers have always faced technical bottlenecks: high production costs, limited modification / activation treatment measures, single efficacy, unstable slow-release carrier construction, and the effect of a single active organic matter is difficult to meet fertilization needs.
[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a slow-release fertilizer specially for fruit trees. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for fruit trees, which has good water retention and slow-release effects and can improve the yield of fruit trees and the quality of fruits.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A special fertilizer for fruit trees, which is made of organic / inorganic compound fertilizer as core masterbatch and sprayed with coating agent;
[0008] The organic / inorganic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-35 parts of livestock manure, 15-18 parts of corn stalks, 9-15 parts of urea, 7-14 parts of diammonium phosphate, 9-13 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 2-5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 1-3 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation and decomposition agent;
[0009] The coating agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-9 parts of chitosan, 2-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 150-450 parts of 2% acetic acid solution, 100-300 parts of distilled water and 5-15 parts of glycerol.
[0010] Preferably, the livestock manure is any one of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and rabbit manure.
[0011] Preferably, the effective live bacteria count of the organic fertilizer fermentation and composting agent is >20 billion / g.
[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a special fertilizer for fruit trees, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing livestock manure, corn stalks, wheat bran and shrimp shell powder, adding an organic fertilizer fermentation agent and mixing and fermenting, mixing with urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, granulating and drying to obtain a core masterbatch; (2) mixing chitosan with a 2% acetic acid solution to obtain a solution A, mixing polyvinyl alcohol with a distilled water solution to obtain a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B, adding glycoside oil, stirring in a water bath to form a uniform solution, and cooling naturally to obtain a coating agent; (3) spraying the coating agent obtained in step (2) on the surface of the core masterbatch to obtain the product.
[0013] Preferably, the fermentation temperature in step (1) is 45-55° C., the moisture content of the fermentation material is 50-60%, and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours.
[0014] Preferably, the particle size of the granulation in step (1) is 2-5 mm.
[0015] Preferably, the drying in step (1) is performed at 100-130° C. to a constant weight.
[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the chitosan, the polyvinyl alcohol and the glycerol is 3:2:5.
[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the chitosan to the 2% acetic acid solution is 1:50.
[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the distilled water in step (2) is 1:50.
[0019] Preferably, the temperature of the water bath in step (2) is 60°C.
[0020] Preferably, the stirring in step (2) is 100-150 r / min, and the stirring is for 30 min.
[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer for fruit trees in increasing the yield of fruit trees.
[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer for fruit trees in improving fruit quality.
[0023] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a special fertilizer for fruit trees, which improves the fertilizer efficiency and enables the nutrients in the fertilizer to meet the basic nutritional needs of fruit trees by combining fermented organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer; and the coating agent prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and glycoside oil also has good water retention, which can not only give play to the excellent properties of chitosan such as good compatibility and microbial degradation, but also improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; the coating of the composite fertilizer by the coating agent can not only effectively improve the release rate of the fertilizer, but also reduce the amount of fertilizer solidified by direct contact with the soil, thereby improving the absorption rate of the fertilizer, and finally achieving the purpose of improving the growth and development of fruit trees and improving the quality and yield of fruits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] The reagents involved in the embodiments of the present invention are all purchased from commercial channels, and the methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods and will not be described in detail here.
[0026] The livestock manure involved in the embodiment is sheep manure, and the organic fertilizer fermentation agent is purchased from Qingdao Fengyu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] The invention discloses a special fertilizer for fruit trees, wherein the raw materials thereof are as follows: 26 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of corn stalks, 9 parts of urea, 7 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of diatomaceous earth, 5 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of shrimp shell powder, 1 part of organic fertilizer decomposition fermentation agent, 3 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 150 parts of 2% acetic acid solution, 100 parts of distilled water and 5 parts of glycerol.
[0029] The preparation method of the above-mentioned water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
[0030] (1) mixing sheep manure, corn stalks, wheat bran and shrimp shell powder, adding water to adjust the moisture content to 50%, adding organic fertilizer fermentation agent and mixing and fermenting at 45° C. for 72 hours, mixing with urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, granulating into particles with a particle size of 2 mm, and then drying at 100° C. to constant weight to obtain a core masterbatch;
[0031] (2) chitosan and 2% acetic acid solution are mixed to obtain solution A, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water solution are mixed to obtain solution B, glycoside oil is added after solution A and solution B are mixed, and the mixture is stirred at 100 rpm for 30 min in a 60° C. water bath to form a uniform solution, and the coating agent is obtained after natural cooling;
[0032] (3) spraying the coating agent obtained in step (2) onto the surface of the core masterbatch to obtain the product.
[0033] Example 2
[0034] The invention discloses a special fertilizer for fruit trees, wherein the raw materials thereof are as follows: 35 parts of sheep manure, 18 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of urea, 14 parts of diammonium phosphate, 13 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 8 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of shrimp shell powder, 3 parts of organic fertilizer decomposition fermentation agent, 9 parts of chitosan, 6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 450 parts of 2% acetic acid solution, 300 parts of distilled water and 15 parts of glycerol.
[0035] The preparation method of the above-mentioned water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
[0036] (1) sheep manure, corn stalks, wheat bran, and shrimp shell powder are mixed, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 60%, an organic fertilizer fermentation agent is added, mixed and fermented at 55° C. for 48 hours, and then mixed with urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate, granulated into particles with a particle size of 5 mm, and then dried at 130° C. to constant weight to obtain a core masterbatch;
[0037] (2) chitosan and 2% acetic acid solution are mixed to obtain solution A, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water solution are mixed to obtain solution B, glycoside oil is added after solution A and solution B are mixed, and the mixture is stirred at 130 rpm for 20 min in a 60° C. water bath to form a uniform solution, and the coating agent is obtained after natural cooling;
[0038] (3) spraying the coating agent obtained in step (2) onto the surface of the core masterbatch to obtain the product.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] The invention discloses a special fertilizer for fruit trees, wherein the raw materials thereof are as follows: 30 parts of sheep manure, 16.5 parts of corn stalks, 12 parts of urea, 10.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 11 parts of potassium sulfate, 12 parts of diatomaceous earth, 6.5 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of shrimp shell powder, 2 parts of organic fertilizer decomposition fermentation agent, 6 parts of chitosan, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 300 parts of 2% acetic acid solution, 200 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of glycerol.
[0041] The preparation method of the above-mentioned water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
[0042] (1) mixing sheep manure, corn stalks, wheat bran and shrimp shell powder, adding water to adjust the moisture content to 55%, adding organic fertilizer fermentation agent and mixing and fermenting at 50° C. for 60 hours, mixing with urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, granulating into particles with a particle size of 3 mm, and then drying at 110° C. to constant weight to obtain a core masterbatch;
[0043] (2) chitosan and 2% acetic acid solution are mixed to obtain solution A, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water solution are mixed to obtain solution B, glycoside oil is added after mixing solution A and solution B, and stirred at 120 r / min in a 60° C. water bath for 25 min to form a uniform solution, and after natural cooling, a coating agent is obtained;
[0044] (3) spraying the coating agent obtained in step (2) onto the surface of the core masterbatch to obtain the product.
[0045] Comparative Example 1
[0046] On the basis of Example 3, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water were omitted, and other raw material components and reaction condition parameters remained unchanged.
[0047] Comparative Example 2
[0048] On the basis of Example 3, the step (1) of "mixing sheep manure, corn stalks, wheat bran and shrimp shell powder, adding water to adjust the moisture content to 55%, adding organic fertilizer and fermentation agent, and fermenting at 50°C for 60 hours" is replaced by "mixing sheep manure, corn stalks, wheat bran and shrimp shell powder, adding water to adjust the moisture content to 55%, adding organic fertilizer and fermentation agent, and fermenting at 25°C for 24 hours", and other conditions and parameters remain unchanged.
[0049] Example 4
[0050] A test field was selected from an apple orchard with 5 years of age. Four treatments were set up in the experiment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The area of each plot was 0.5 mu, and the soil properties, plant spacing and row spacing of each plot were the same, and the growth was consistent. The four treatments were: no fertilizer was applied to the soil (blank control), and the fertilizers prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were applied respectively. The application method was radial furrow application (6-8 furrows) as base fertilizer after thawing. The amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment group was the same, and other field management, such as watering, was the same. The apple yield and soluble solid content of each treatment group were counted, and the first-grade fruit rate was counted and calculated according to the standard of "GB / T 10651-2008 Fresh Apple". The results are shown in Table 1.
[0051]
[0052] It can be seen from Table 1 that the special fertilizer for fruit trees prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the yield and fruit quality of apples.
[0053] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
[0054] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A special fertilizer for fruit trees, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for fruit trees is made by spraying a coating agent with an organic / inorganic composite fertilizer as the core masterbatch; wherein, The organic / inorganic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-35 parts of livestock manure, 15-18 parts of corn stalks, 9-15 parts of urea, 7-14 parts of diammonium phosphate, 9-13 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 2-5 parts of shrimp shell powder and 1-3 parts of organic fertilizer decomposition fermentation agent; The coating agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-9 parts of chitosan, 2-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 150-450 parts of 2% acetic acid solution, 100-300 parts of distilled water and 5-15 parts of glycerol.
2. The special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock manure is any one of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and rabbit manure.
3. The special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective live bacteria count of the organic fertilizer composting fermentation agent is >20 billion / g.
4. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) livestock manure, corn stalks, wheat bran, and shrimp shell powder are mixed, an organic fertilizer fermentation agent is added, and mixed with urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, granulated, and dried to obtain a core masterbatch; (2) chitosan and 2% acetic acid solution are mixed to obtain solution A, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water solution are mixed to obtain solution B, glycoside oil is added after solution A and solution B are mixed, and the mixture is stirred in a water bath to form a uniform solution, and the coating agent is obtained after natural cooling; (3) spraying the coating agent obtained in step (2) onto the surface of the core masterbatch to obtain the product.
5. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature in step (1) is 45-55° C., the moisture content of the fermentation material is 50-60%, and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours.
6. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the granulation in step (1) is 2-5 mm; The drying is performed at 100-130° C. to a constant weight.
7. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of the chitosan, the polyvinyl alcohol and the glycerol is 3:2:5; The mass ratio of the chitosan to the 2% acetic acid solution is 1:50; The mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the distilled water is 1:
50.
8. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature of the water bath in step (2) is 60° C. The stirring speed is 100-150 r / min, and the stirring time is 20-30 min.
9. Use of the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the special fertilizer for fruit trees prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in increasing the yield of fruit trees.
10. Use of the special fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the special fertilizer for fruit trees prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in improving fruit quality.