Smelting process and smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based superalloy

Abstract

The invention provides a smelting process and smelting equipment of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and relates to the technical field of alloy manufacturing, the smelting process comprises the following steps: S1, preparing raw materials; s2, vacuum induction smelting; s3, plasma beam refining is conducted, specifically, plasma beam refining equipment is used for conducting plasma beam reciprocating scanning on the molten alloy liquid in the S2, and impurities in the high-temperature alloy are removed again; s4, rare elements are added, and after plasma beam refining in S3 is finished, the prepared rare elements are added into the high-temperature alloy in the molten state; wherein when the rare elements are added, the high-temperature alloy in the molten state is synchronously controlled to be directionally stirred, and the powder-state rare elements are added into the furnace in batches in a reciprocating swing mode to be in contact with and mixed with the high-temperature alloy in the molten state. According to the method, the overall smelting time is shortened, the loss of rare elements is reduced, and the quality of the final finished product high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloy manufacturing, and in particular to a smelting process and smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy. Background Art

[0002] GH163 is a Ni~Cr~Co based precipitation hardening deformation high temperature alloy with an operating temperature of up to 850℃. GH163 alloy has good oxidation resistance, high yield strength and creep strength below 800℃, low tendency to strain failure cracks, and good resistance to thermal fatigue.

[0003] The composite addition of multiple rare earth elements can more effectively refine the grains, reduce grain boundary defects, and improve the density and uniformity of the GH163 high-temperature alloy, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0004] During the traditional smelting process, the time and method of adding rare elements will lead to excessive loss of rare elements and the introduction of too many impurities. At the same time, due to the low mass proportion of rare elements, the concentrated block addition method will also increase the overall stirring and mixing time, affecting the uniformity of the internal components of the final high-temperature alloy and the quality of the final finished high-temperature alloy. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a smelting process and smelting equipment for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, which shortens the overall smelting time, reduces the loss of rare elements, and improves the quality of the final finished high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: preparing raw materials according to the components of the high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy; S2, vacuum induction smelting, adding the raw materials in step S1 into a vacuum smelting furnace for high-temperature smelting, preliminarily removing impurities, and obtaining a molten high-temperature alloy; S3, plasma beam refining, using a plasma beam refining device to reciprocately scan the alloy liquid in the molten state in S2 with a plasma beam, and again removing impurities in the high-temperature alloy; S4, adding rare elements, after the plasma beam refining in S3 is completed, adding the prepared rare elements into the molten high-temperature alloy; wherein, when the rare elements are added, the directional stirring of the molten high-temperature alloy is synchronously controlled, and the rare elements in a powder state are added into the furnace in batches in a reciprocating swinging manner to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0007] Rare elements in powder state can react with molten high-temperature alloys more quickly. Adding rare elements in powder state into the furnace by reciprocating swinging can make the rare element powder contact with high-temperature alloys at different positions, thereby increasing the contact area, improving the uniformity of distribution, improving the mixing effect, and improving the uniformity of distribution of different components within the final alloy.

[0008] Preferably, the high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy specifically includes, by mass percentage: C 0.04~0.08%, Mo 5.60~6.10%, Cu 0~0.20%, Si 0~0.40%, Mn 0~0.60%, Co 19.0~21.0%, Cr 22.0~25.0%, Ti 1.90~2.40%, Ag 0~0.005%, P 0~0.015%, W 1.0 ~ 2.0%; rare element additions include: Ce 0.1 ~ 0.15%, La0.02 ~ 0.05%; the rest are Ni, some impurities and necessary metal or non-metal elements; wherein the purity of Ni, Mo, Co, Cr and Ti is not less than 99.5%, and the purity of the remaining alloy materials is not less than 99%.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to reach 10⁻² ~ 10⁻³ Pa, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to firstly heat the molten high-temperature alloy to not less than 1300°C at a lower heating rate, and then all metals are maintained above the melting point at a higher heating rate; then a refining process is carried out, and the refining temperature is increased to between 1550°C and 1700°C.

[0010] Preferably, the refining time in step S3 is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes, and an inert gas is used for protection during the plasma beam refining process.

[0011] Preferably, the rare element powder is crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace, and the blocky rare elements are crushed into millimeter-level particles by the first crushing. The second grinding is carried out in the furnace, and the rare element particles obtained by the first crushing are further ground to micrometer level.

[0012] Preferably, the blocky rare elements are crushed into particles no larger than 5 mm by the first crushing, and the rare elements are ground into particles within the range of 100 to 400 μm by the second grinding.

[0013] A smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, used for the smelting process of the above-mentioned high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, includes a rare element crushing and adding device, the rare element crushing and adding device includes a limiting base, a grinding body is arranged on the upper end of the limiting base, the inner wall of the grinding body is rotatably connected to a driving shaft, a grinding roller is arranged on the lower end of the driving shaft, the first end of the driving shaft passes through the grinding body and is fixedly connected to a delivery pipe, a hollow conveying channel is formed on the inner wall of the driving shaft and is connected to the delivery pipe, a guide opening is formed on the side wall of the driving shaft and is connected to the inside of the grinding body, and a blowing device is arranged on the upper end of the grinding body. While the driving shaft drives the grinding roller to grind and drives the delivery pipe to swing, a protective gas is blown toward the inner wall of the grinding body through the blowing device to form a protective airflow, and the protective airflow drives micron-level rare element powder into the hollow conveying channel and is finally discharged from the delivery pipe to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0014] Preferably, the blowing device includes two groups of symmetrically arranged strip blowing nozzles, and also includes a connecting main pipe, the connecting main pipe is connected to two connecting branches, the two connecting branches are respectively connected to the corresponding strip blowing nozzles, and a control valve is provided at the connection between the connecting main pipe and the two connecting branches.

[0015] Preferably, the blowing direction of the strip-shaped blowing nozzle is tangent to the arc line of the inner wall of the grinding body, and the opening of the guide opening faces the side away from the grinding roller.

[0016] Preferably, the second end of the driving shaft passes through the grinding body and is connected to the electric control device, the delivery tube includes a first tube body and a second tube body, the second tube body and the first tube body are electrically retractable through a control component, and the electric control device is electrically connected to the control component.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Compared with the existing technology, the composite process of vacuum induction smelting and plasma beam refining can reduce impurities in high-temperature alloys to the greatest extent. After the completion of plasma beam refining, rare elements are added into the furnace in batches in the form of powder in a reciprocating manner to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy. This can maximize the mixing effect of rare elements and high-temperature alloys, ensure the uniform and stable distribution of rare elements, shorten the overall smelting time, reduce the loss of rare elements, and improve the quality of the final high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the furnace body of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A is an enlarged structural diagram of FIG.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rare element crushing and adding device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the side structure.

[0023] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the B~B direction.

[0024] In the figure: 100, furnace body; 200, rare element crushing and adding device; 210, feeding pipe; 211, first tube body; 212, second tube body; 220, limiting base; 230, grinding body; 231, grinding shell; 232, grinding roller; 233, connecting frame; 234, driving shaft; 2341, hollow conveying channel; 2342, guide opening; 240, blowing device; 241, strip blowing nozzle; 242, connecting branch pipe; 243, control valve; 244, connecting main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] GH163 is a Ni~Cr~Co based precipitation hardening deformation high temperature alloy with an operating temperature of up to 850℃. GH163 alloy has good oxidation resistance, high yield strength and creep strength below 800℃, low tendency to strain failure cracks, and good resistance to thermal fatigue.

[0027] The alloy is mainly suitable for making plate welding structural parts and load-bearing parts of the main combustion chamber and afterburner combustion chamber of aircraft engines. It has been used to make aircraft engine flame tubes, afterburner cylinders, mounting edges, mounting seats and pipe fittings.

[0028] The corrosion resistance of the alloy is required to be high in scenes such as combustion chambers and flame tubes in some extreme cases. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of GH163 high-temperature alloy, a new high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy is proposed, which specifically includes, by mass percentage: C 0.04~0.08%, Mo 5.60~6.10%, Cu 0~0.20%, Si 0~0.40%, Mn0~0.60%, Co 19.0~21.0%, Cr 22.0~25.0%, Ti 1.90~2.40%, Ag 0~0.005%, P 0~0.015%, W1.0 ~ 2.0%, rare elements added include: Ce 0.1 ~ 0.15%, La 0.02 ~ 0.05%, and the rest are Ni, some impurities and necessary metal or non-metal elements.

[0029] By increasing the lower limit of Cr content from 19.0% to 22.0% and the upper limit to 25.0%, a higher Cr content can form a thicker and more stable dense oxide film on the outer surface of the GH163 high-temperature alloy, further enhancing the ability to block the invasion of corrosive media, thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy in a variety of corrosive environments.

[0030] Adding 1-2% W element, W has a high melting point and good chemical stability. It can be dissolved in the alloy matrix to improve the high temperature strength and hardness of GH163 high temperature alloy. At the same time, tungsten works synergistically with elements such as chromium and molybdenum to optimize the structure and properties of the oxide film on the alloy surface and enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy in high temperature and strong corrosive environment.

[0031] Increase the addition amount of Ce to 0.1 ~ 0.15%, and add 0.02 ~ 0.05% La at the same time; the composite addition of multiple rare earth elements can more effectively refine the grains, reduce grain boundary defects, and improve the density and uniformity of the GH163 high-temperature alloy, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0032] In order to meet the production and manufacturing requirements of the above alloys, refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 6 , a smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1. Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials according to the composition of the new high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, among which the purity of the main alloy materials (including Ni, Mo, Co, Cr, Ti is not less than 99.5%, and the purity of the remaining alloy materials is not less than 99%).

[0033] Step 2, vacuum induction smelting, adding the above alloy materials (except rare elements) into a vacuum smelting furnace for high-temperature smelting, and carrying out continuous induction smelting in a relatively vacuum environment, which can effectively reduce the gas content in the alloy liquid, such as some existing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or their compounds; can effectively reduce the content of impurities, and control the smelting temperature between 1480℃~1550℃ to ensure that all elements are fully melted and evenly mixed. During the smelting process, the existing electromagnetic stirring equipment can also be used for electromagnetic stirring to control the full flow of the molten alloy, accelerate the mixing of different components inside, make the components mixed more fully, and improve the quality of the final high-temperature alloy.

[0034] Step three, plasma beam refining: use plasma beam refining equipment to perform plasma beam reciprocating scanning towards the molten alloy liquid in step two, and spiral or grid scanning can also be selected to allow the molten alloy liquid to be fully plasma beam refined.

[0035] Plasma beam refining can further remove impurities in the molten alloy and optimize the performance of the alloy, especially to prepare for the subsequent addition of rare elements, avoid excessive burning of rare elements, avoid the formation of harmful phases and deterioration of microstructure, and ensure the corrosion resistance of the final high-temperature alloy.

[0036] It should be noted that the high-temperature alloy in the molten state here needs to be transferred from smelting to the plasma beam equipment for plasma beam scanning. Before the plasma beam scanning, the status of the relevant equipment and the related cooling system, vacuum system, plasma gun and other equipment need to be carefully checked to avoid accidents during the plasma beam scanning process.

[0037] Before plasma beam scanning, loading and vacuuming are required. During the loading process, the amount and rate of loading need to be controlled to avoid raw material accumulation and insufficient loading. At the same time, the loading time should be controlled to avoid excessive oxidation in the air range for a long time. After loading, the plasma beam equipment should be vacuumed to control the vacuum degree in the furnace to 10⁻² ~ 10⁻³ Pa. The change curve of the vacuum degree should be closely monitored to promptly detect and eliminate possible leakage problems.

[0038] In the large-scale melting process of nickel-based high-temperature alloys, a staged heating strategy is adopted. The molten high-temperature alloy is first heated back to no less than 1300°C at a lower heating rate so that the inside of the molten alloy is heated evenly. Then all metals are maintained above the melting point at a higher heating rate. Then a refining process is carried out, and the refining temperature is increased to between 1550°C and 1700°C to speed up the removal rate of impurities. The above refining time needs to be appropriately adjusted according to the scale and specific components of the high-temperature alloy. The refining time is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes. During the refining process, the temperature distribution in the furnace needs to be detected, and the scanning process needs to be adjusted in time according to the temperature distribution.

[0039] In the process of plasma beam refining, inert gas protection is also required. Appropriate inert gas should be filled to prevent the high-temperature alloy liquid from being oxidized during the refining process; the slag on the surface should be removed regularly, and the floating impurities should be discharged in time to avoid the accumulation of impurities.

[0040] Step 4, adding rare elements; after the plasma beam refining in step 3 is completed, the prepared rare elements Ce and La are added to the molten high-temperature alloy. Before adding the rare elements, it is necessary to ensure that the various elements in the high-temperature alloy are fully melted and mixed. After adding the rare elements, it is also necessary to continue to control the high-temperature alloy to be fully mixed to ensure that the rare elements are evenly distributed after addition.

[0041] It should be noted that during the process of adding rare elements, it is also necessary to avoid contact with air to prevent oxidation of rare elements. Inert gas protection can also be used to pass inert gas into the feeding device to avoid the introduction of new impurities.

[0042] It should also be noted that the addition of rare elements needs to be done in batches, slowly and evenly. It is preferred to crush the rare elements into a powder state and continuously add the powdered rare elements in batches into the molten high-temperature alloy to further ensure the uniformity of the addition of the rare elements.

[0043] When adding rare element powder in a single batch, the directional stirring of the molten high-temperature alloy in the furnace is controlled. While stirring, the rare element powder is continuously added toward the surface of the high-temperature alloy in a reciprocating manner, so that the rare element powder can be more evenly contacted and mixed with the molten high-temperature alloy in different areas. A certain time interval is set between the addition of each batch of rare element powder. During this time period, the electromagnetic stirring of the molten high-temperature alloy is strengthened, and the upper and lower layers of the molten high-temperature alloy are controlled to be fully disturbed, thereby further improving the sufficient contact between the powdered rare elements and the molten high-temperature alloy at different positions.

[0044] Preferably, before adding the rare element powder, the rare element can be preheated, and the rare element adding device can be extended into the furnace, and the high temperature atmosphere in the furnace can be used to fully preheat the rare element powder, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the rare element powder and the high-temperature alloy, avoiding local temperature fluctuations between the alloy liquids and affecting the uniformity of the alloy.

[0045] It is preferred to grind the rare elements to a size between 100 and 400 microns. Controlling the grinding of the rare elements to the above range can further shorten the melting time of the rare element powder, enable rapid melting within a high temperature range, have a higher heat transfer rate and a larger specific surface area, and further achieve rapid powdering and uniform distribution of high-temperature alloys and rare element powders.

[0046] The rare element powders here are crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace. Through the first crushing, the blocky rare elements are crushed into particles no larger than 5 mm, which is convenient for rapid processing and avoids excessive crushing that causes oxidation and agglomeration of the rare element powders outside the furnace, avoids the introduction of more impurities and avoids affecting the subsequent addition effect. At the same time, crushing to this particle size can facilitate the subsequent secondary crushing and grinding, which shortens the processing time overall.

[0047] The second grinding and crushing is carried out in the furnace. The rare element particles obtained in the first grinding are further ground to the micron level, which is convenient for the subsequent addition of rare elements and improves the effect of their full reaction. The second grinding and crushing and adding process are carried out in an inert atmosphere in the furnace. The ground and crushed rare element powder is directly added to the furnace to react with the molten high-temperature alloy, avoiding the introduction of impurities and oxidation, and improving the quality of the finished high-temperature alloy.

[0048] In order to realize the grinding, crushing and adding of the above-mentioned rare element powders, a smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy is also provided, including a rare element crushing and adding device 200, through which millimeter-level rare element particles are ground and crushed into micron-level rare element powders, and the rare element powders obtained by grinding and crushing are put into the furnace body 100 to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0049] Specifically, the smelting equipment of high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy includes a limiting base 220, and a grinding body 230 is arranged on the upper end of the limiting base 220, through which the rare element particles in a granular state are ground into rare element powder; the inner wall of the grinding body 230 is rotatably connected to a driving shaft 234, and a grinding roller 232 is arranged at the lower end of the driving shaft 234. The first end of the driving shaft 234 passes through the grinding body 230 and is fixedly connected to a delivery pipe 210, and the ground rare element powder is delivered into the furnace body 100 through the delivery pipe 210 to contact and mix with the high-temperature alloy in a molten state.

[0050] A hollow conveying channel 2341 is formed on the inner wall of the driving shaft 234 and is connected to the delivery tube 210. A guide opening 2342 is formed on the side wall of the driving shaft 234 and is connected to the interior of the grinding body 230. A blowing device 240 is provided on the upper end of the grinding body 230. An air flow is formed inside the grinding body 230 through the blowing device 240. While the driving shaft 234 drives the grinding roller 232 to grind and drives the delivery tube 210 to swing, a protective gas is blown toward the inner wall of the grinding body 230 through the blowing device 240 to form a protective air flow. The protective air flow drives the rare element powder at the micron level into the hollow conveying channel 2341 and is finally discharged from the delivery tube 210 to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

[0051] The above-mentioned rare element crushing and adding device 200 is installed at the top of the furnace body. The whole structure, especially the feeding pipe 210, is made of high-temperature resistant material and can withstand the high temperature inside the furnace body. At the same time, setting the whole structure inside the furnace body 100 can preheat the rare elements.

[0052] In the process of generating the protective air flow, it is necessary to control the interior of the furnace body 100 to be in a state of relative negative pressure. The gas blown out by the blowing device 240 can flow in a direction in the grinding body 230. During the flow, the rare element powder ground to the micron level is blown up. The protective air flow can flow in a direction under the action of negative pressure. The protective air flow can drive the rare element powder to pass through the guide opening 2342 and the hollow conveying channel 2341 in turn and finally be discharged from the end of the delivery pipe 210. The discharged rare element powder can directly contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy below, thereby completing the delivery of the rare elements.

[0053] The above-mentioned protective gas flow is selected to be an inert protective gas to avoid the introduction of oxygen in the air to cause oxidation of the alloy, and also to avoid the introduction of impurities in the final stage, thereby ensuring the quality of the final finished alloy.

[0054] Specifically, the air blowing device 240 includes two groups of symmetrically arranged strip air blowing nozzles 241, and also includes a connecting main pipe 244. The connecting main pipe 244 is connected to two connecting branches 242. The two connecting branches 242 are respectively connected to the corresponding strip air blowing nozzles 241. A control valve 243 is provided at the connection point between the connecting main pipe 244 and the two connecting branches 242. The flow direction of the protective air flow can be controlled by the control valve 243, and it can be controlled to be discharged from the left or right side of the strip air blowing nozzle 241 to form an alternating protective air flow to improve the internal turbulence effect. The frequency of the above-mentioned protective gas blowing switching can be consistent with the frequency of the swing grinding of the grinding roller 232. During the movement of the grinding roller 232, the strip air blowing nozzle 241 in the opposite direction of its movement is controlled to blow out a protective air flow. The blown protective air flow can blow up the rare element powder just ground and finally discharge it from the corresponding channel.

[0055] Preferably, the blowing direction of the strip blowing nozzle 241 is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the grinding body 230, and the blown air flow can flow along the direction of the inner wall of the grinding body 230, thereby improving the effect on the rare element powder; at the same time, the guide opening 2342 opens to the side away from the grinding roller 232. By setting the guide opening 2342 on one side of the upper end, the rare element powder and the rare element particles can be effectively separated from each other, ensuring that the rare element powder is in contact with the molten high-temperature alloy, thereby increasing the specific contact area of ​​the rare elements, improving the final contact and mixing effect of the rare elements and the high-temperature alloy, and improving the quality of the finished high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy.

[0056] Furthermore, the second end of the driving shaft 234 passes through the grinding body 230 and is connected to the electronic control device. The delivery tube 210 includes a first tube body 211 and a second tube body 212. The second tube body 212 and the first tube body 211 are electrically controllable and retractable through a control component, and the electronic control device is electrically connected to the control component. Through the above-mentioned structural design, while the delivery tube 210 swings back and forth, the second tube body 212 can be controlled to contract regularly relative to the first tube body 211. After the delivery tube 210 swings to the extreme positions on both sides, the second tube body 212 is controlled to extend. When the delivery tube 210 moves toward the middle position, the second tube body 212 is controlled to contract. During the swinging process, through the above-mentioned adjustment setting, the second tube body 212 can be located on the side close to the surface of the high-temperature alloy to blow out the rare element powder for mixing, thereby ensuring the quality of the final alloy and reducing the loss of rare element powder.

[0057] The telescopic control of the second tube body 212 can be controlled by setting the driving structure on a side away from the second tube body 212. A traditional electrically controlled telescopic structure or a pneumatic telescopic structure can be selected. The outer side is protected by a heat-insulating structure to reduce the loss of related structures in the high temperature environment, thereby ensuring the long-term and precise telescopic control.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smelting process for high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials according to the composition of high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy; S2, vacuum induction smelting, adding the raw materials in step S1 into a vacuum smelting furnace for high-temperature smelting, preliminarily removing impurities, and obtaining a high-temperature alloy in a molten state; S3, plasma beam refining, using a plasma beam refining device to perform a plasma beam reciprocating scan toward the molten alloy liquid in S2 to remove impurities in the high-temperature alloy again; S4, adding rare elements, after the plasma beam refining in S3 is completed, the prepared rare elements are added into the molten high-temperature alloy; When rare elements are added, the directional stirring of the molten high-temperature alloy is synchronously controlled, and the rare elements in powder state are added into the furnace in batches in a reciprocating manner to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

2. A smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: High-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloys, specifically including by mass percentage: C 0.04~0.08%, Mo 5.60~6.10%, Cu 0~0.20%, Si 0~0.40%, Mn 0~0.60%, Co 19.0~21.0%, Cr 22.0~25.0%, Ti 1.90~2.40%, Ag 0~0.005%, P 0~0.015%, W 1.0 ~ 2.0%; rare elements added include: Ce 0.1 ~ 0.15%, La 0.02 ~ 0.05%; the rest are Ni, some impurities and necessary metal or non-metal elements; the purity of Ni, Mo, Co, Cr and Ti is not less than 99.5%, and the purity of other alloy materials is not less than 99%.

3. The smelting process of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to reach 10⁻² ~ 10⁻³ Pa, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to firstly heat the molten high-temperature alloy to not less than 1300°C at a lower heating rate, and then all metals are maintained above the melting point at a higher heating rate; then a refining process is carried out, and the refining temperature is increased to between 1550°C and 1700°C.

4. The smelting process of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refining time in step S3 is between 35 minutes and 55 minutes, and an inert gas is used for protection during the plasma beam refining process.

5. The smelting process of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rare element powders are crushed in batches. The first crushing is carried out outside the furnace. Through the first crushing, the blocky rare elements are crushed into millimeter-level particles. The second grinding is carried out in the furnace. The rare element particles obtained by the first crushing are further ground to micron level.

6. A smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first crushing process crushes the blocky rare elements into particles no larger than 5 mm, and the second grinding process grinds the rare elements into particles within the range of 100 to 400 microns.

7. A smelting equipment for high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy, characterized in that: A smelting process for a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a rare element crushing and adding device (200), wherein the rare element crushing and adding device (200) comprises a limiting base (220), wherein a grinding body (230) is arranged at the upper end of the limiting base (220), wherein the inner wall of the grinding body (230) is rotatably connected to a driving shaft (234), wherein a grinding roller (232) is arranged at the lower end of the driving shaft (234), wherein a first end of the driving shaft (234) passes through the grinding body (230) and is fixedly connected to a delivery pipe (210), wherein a hollow conveying channel (232) is formed on the inner wall of the driving shaft (234). 341) is connected to the delivery pipe (210), the side wall of the driving shaft (234) is provided with a guide opening (2342) connected to the inside of the grinding body (230), and the upper end of the grinding body (230) is provided with a blowing device (240). While the driving shaft (234) drives the grinding roller (232) to grind and drives the delivery pipe (210) to swing, the blowing device (240) blows out a protective gas toward the inner wall of the grinding body (230) to form a protective gas flow, and the protective gas flow drives the micron-level rare element powder into the hollow conveying channel (2341) and finally is discharged from the delivery pipe (210) to contact and mix with the molten high-temperature alloy.

8. The smelting equipment of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air blowing device (240) comprises two groups of symmetrically arranged strip-shaped air blowing nozzles (241), and also comprises a connecting main pipe (244), wherein the connecting main pipe (244) is connected to two connecting branch pipes (242), and the two connecting branch pipes (242) are respectively connected to corresponding strip-shaped air blowing nozzles (241), and a control valve (243) is provided at the connection point between the connecting main pipe (244) and the two connecting branch pipes (242).

9. The smelting equipment of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The blowing direction of the strip-shaped blowing nozzle (241) is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the grinding body (230), and the guide opening (2342) is opened toward a side away from the grinding roller (232).

10. The smelting equipment of a high-grade nickel-based high-temperature alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second end of the driving shaft (234) passes through the grinding body (230) and is connected to the electric control device. The delivery tube (210) comprises a first tube body (211) and a second tube body (212). The second tube body (212) and the first tube body (211) are electrically controllable and retractable via a control component. The electric control device is electrically connected to the control component.

Images