A method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation, the obtained paper and its applications

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing paper from solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia, the obtained paper and its application, which relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation. The method for preparing paper from solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia includes the following steps: preparation of solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia; preparation of edible and medicinal fungal mycelial fibers; pulping of edible and medicinal fungal mycelial fibers; preparation of edible and medicinal fungal mycelial fiber paper. Using edible and medicinal fungal mycelial fibers as papermaking raw materials can not only reduce the dependence on traditional wood and plant fiber raw materials, but also effectively improve the environmental pollution problem in the paper production process. It is a green, safe and excellent-performance environmental protection paper preparation method. The edible and medicinal fungal mycelial fiber paper can be used as food packaging paper, which can effectively prevent food from being contaminated by microorganisms and maintain the freshness of food, prolong the shelf life of food and ensure food safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing paper from solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia, the obtained paper, and its application. Background Art

[0002] The paper-making industry is an important part of the national economy, and paper is widely used in various fields of society. At present, China has become a major country in paper production, consumption, and import, and both the output and consumption of paper and paperboard rank among the top in the world. However, the traditional paper-making industry has a high dependence on resources and high energy consumption, and faces great environmental pressure. Traditional paper uses wood fiber as the main raw material, and a large amount of wood resources are consumed in the production process. At the same time, the paper-making industry has a large amount of water consumption and wastewater discharge. The organic matter content in the wastewater is high, the biochemical oxygen demand is high, there are many suspended solids, it is colored and has an odor, which affects the normal growth of aquatic organisms, affects industrial, agricultural, and livestock husbandry, domestic water use, and environmental landscape, and will bring adverse effects to people's healthy life, the development of civilized society, and environmental protection.

[0003] The mycelial fibers of edible and medicinal fungi mainly originate from the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi and are a renewable resource. Compared with wood, the cultivation cycle of edible and medicinal fungi is short, and the cultivation cycle of the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi is even shorter. Preparing paper with the mycelial fibers of edible and medicinal fungi as the main raw material helps to reduce the dependence of the paper-making industry on forests and does not require alkali or acid treatment. The paper made from the mycelial fibers of edible and medicinal fungi has good mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, and freshness preservation properties, and is suitable for popularization and use in industrial, agricultural, cultural and artistic fields, especially suitable as food packaging paper, and has extremely broad application prospects. To sum up, as a new type of papermaking raw material, the mycelial fibers of edible and medicinal fungi can not only provide new ideas for the green transformation of the paper-making industry, but also generate good economic, social, and ecological benefits, so it has extremely important research value and application significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing paper from solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia, the obtained paper, and its application, so as to solve the problems of dependence on traditional wood and plant fiber raw materials and environmental pollution in the paper production process.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing paper from solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia is provided. The method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, preparation of solid-fermented edible and medicinal fungal mycelia:

[0007] Inoculate an edible and medicinal fungus as a strain into a solid medium, with an inoculation amount of 0.08 - 0.15 g / g, and ferment and culture for 10 - 15 days to obtain an edible and medicinal fungal mycelium;

[0008] Step 2, Preparation of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers:

[0009] Place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium in a drying oven to dry, then place it in a high-speed crusher to crush, obtaining edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs. Then add pure water to obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial suspension, and then place it in a centrifuge. After centrifuging multiple times, obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate, and then place it in a freeze dryer to freeze-dry to obtain edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers;

[0010] Step 3, Pulping of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers:

[0011] Place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers in pure water to obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber suspension. After adding hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, stir to obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp;

[0012] Step 4, Preparation of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper:

[0013] Pour the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp into a mold, let it form and dehydrate and dry to obtain edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper.

[0014] Preferably, the edible and medicinal mushroom in step 1 is selected from any one of Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Dictyophora indusiata, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Poria cocos.

[0015] Preferably, the solid medium in step 1 includes solid medium raw materials, sucrose and water; the solid medium raw materials include: 10 - 15% corn straw, 10 - 20% wheat bran, 20 - 25% wood chips, 5 - 10% soybean dregs, 10 - 15% cottonseed hulls, 30 - 40% corn cobs.

[0016] Preferably, the conditions for fermentation culture in step 1 are: fermentation temperature 12 - 28°C, humidity 55% - 85%, CO2 concentration 15000 - 55000 ppm.

[0017] Preferably, after step 1, the method further includes: screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium with a white color, luster and dense growth by macroscopic observation method; screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium with a white color, luster and dense growth by microscopic observation method.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs in step 2 is: place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium obtained in step 1 in a drying oven to dry, set the temperature at 30 - 60°C, dry for 5 - 8 h to form dry edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium; then, put the dry edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium into a high-speed crusher to crush, configure a six-blade cyclone knife, with a power of 200 W, shear for 0.5 - 1.5 min to form edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium suspension in step 2 is as follows: Place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium flocs obtained in step 2 in pure water, stir at a temperature of 45-75 °C for 55-110 min to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium suspension.

[0020] Preferably, the method for preparing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium precipitate in step 2 is as follows: Place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium suspension obtained in step 2 in a centrifuge, set the centrifuge speed at 8000-10000 r / min, and the centrifugation time at 20-30 min. Pour off the supernatant to obtain the crude edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium precipitate; wash the crude edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium precipitate 3 times with pure water and centrifuge again to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium precipitate.

[0021] Preferably, the method for preparing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber in step 2 is as follows: Place the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium precipitate obtained in step 2 in a freeze dryer and freeze-dry at -70 °C for 8-10 h to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber.

[0022] Preferably, after step 2, the method further includes: screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fibers with a moisture content not exceeding 3.5% by the drying method; screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fibers with a length of not less than 1.2 cm by the scanning electron microscopy observation method.

[0023] Preferably, in step 3, the concentration of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber suspension is 12-16 g / 100 mL, the concentration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in suspension 1 is 0.5-1 g / 100 mL; the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in suspension 2 is 1-2 g / 100 mL.

[0024] Preferably, after step 3, the method further includes: screening the viscosity of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber pulp not exceeding 40 mPa with a rheometer; screening the beating degree of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber pulp not exceeding 50 °SR with a Schopper-Riegler beating degree tester.

[0025] Preferably, the specific method of step 4 is as follows: Pour the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber pulp into a paper mold with a non-woven fabric at the bottom, use a leveling knife to spread the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber pulp in the paper mold evenly and press it flat. Remove the mold frame, place the cloth carrying the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber pulp on a paper former, dehydrate and dry it to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper.

[0026] Preferably, the specific conditions for forming, dehydrating and drying in step 4 are: the vacuum degree is -30 kPa to -50 kPa, the dehydration time is 30-120 s, the drying temperature is 100-120 °C, and the drying time is 30-120 min.

[0027] Preferably, after step 4, the method further includes: screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper by the cutting and weighing method with a basis weight of not less than 40 g / m²; screening the thickness of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper by a thickness gauge not exceeding 0.2 mm; screening the longitudinal tensile strength of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper by a tensile testing machine not less than 2000 N / m, and the transverse tensile strength not less than 1000 N / m; screening the longitudinal tearing degree of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper by an Elmendorf tear strength tester not less than 200 mN, and the transverse tearing degree not less than 100 mN; screening the total number of colonies of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper not exceeding 50 CFU / g, the total number of molds not exceeding 20 CFU / g, and no coliform bacteria detected by the national food safety standard food microbiological inspection method; screening that no fluorescent substances are detected in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper by the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method; screening the air permeability of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper not exceeding 50 mL / m²·24h; screening the moisture permeability of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper not exceeding 15 mL / m²·24h.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper prepared by a method for preparing paper from a solid-fermented edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an application of an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper as a food packaging paper.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Using solid-fermented edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber as the main raw material to prepare paper can effectively reduce the dependence of the paper industry on forests. The preparation process of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper of the present invention does not require strong alkali or strong acid treatment, and the fungal fibers are easily degraded after use, which is environmentally friendly. During the production and use processes, the emission of pollutants can be reduced, and the negative impact on the environment can be reduced, providing a reference for the green transformation of the paper industry. In addition, the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium contains a variety of antibacterial active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, etc. These components make the prepared edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium fiber paper have natural antibacterial properties and can inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and fungi. As a food packaging paper, it can effectively prevent food from being contaminated by microorganisms and maintain the freshness of food, and has application potential in extending the shelf life of food and ensuring food safety. It is an environmentally friendly and safe food-grade packaging material with extremely broad market prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a specific implementation flowchart of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a macroscopic morphology diagram of solid-fermented Ganoderma lucidum mycelium.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a micrograph of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium in solid-state fermentation.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a macro-morphology diagram of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fibers.

[0035] Figure 5 It is a micrograph of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fibers.

[0036] Figure 6 It is a diagram of the smoothed Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fibers in the mold before forming.

[0037] Figure 7 It is an apparent morphology diagram of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fiber paper after forming.

[0038] Figure 8 It is an antibacterial experiment diagram of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fiber paper against Escherichia coli.

[0039] Figure 9 It is an antibacterial experiment diagram of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fiber paper against Staphylococcus aureus. Detailed implementation methods

[0040] Definition:

[0041] The term "solid-state fermentation" used in this article refers to: a fermentation process using edible and medicinal fungi and other microorganisms as fermentation strains, using natural solid substrates (such as crop straws, wheat bran, corn cobs, etc.) as nutrient sources and growth carriers, and carried out in a solid-state environment with little or no free water.

[0042] In the research on papermaking using the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi, solid-state fermentation can enable edible and medicinal fungi to grow and reproduce abundantly on solid substrates, forming rich mycelium. At the same time, during the fermentation process, edible and medicinal fungi will decompose and transform the substrates, producing some metabolites with special properties. These mycelium and metabolites can be used as raw materials for preparing paper, endowing the paper with unique properties.

[0043] The term "edible and medicinal fungi" used in this article refers to: fungi that can be directly eaten as food and have certain medicinal values. They are rich in various nutrients (such as proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, etc.) and bioactive substances (such as terpenoid compounds, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, etc.), and have various physiological effects such as enhancing immunity, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects.

[0044] In the field of papermaking, the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi can be used as a new type of fiber raw material. It has a wide source, fast growth rate, and good biodegradability and environmental friendliness, providing a new choice for preparing high-performance and environmentally friendly paper.

[0045] As used herein, the term "edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium" refers to: the mycelial tissue formed by the intertwining of numerous hyphae during the growth and development of edible and medicinal mushrooms, which has a certain morphological structure and physiological function. Under solid fermentation culture conditions, the spores of edible and medicinal mushrooms germinate to produce hyphae, which continuously grow, branch, and entangle with each other, eventually forming mycelium, known as edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium.

[0046] Edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium contains abundant polysaccharide substances such as cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as other bioactive components. It is the main raw material for preparing fungal fiber paper, and its quality and characteristics have an important impact on the performance of the paper.

[0047] As used herein, the term "mycelium culture" refers to: the process of providing suitable environmental conditions and nutrients for the growth and reproduction of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium, enabling it to grow in large quantities under artificially controlled conditions.

[0048] The culture methods include solid fermentation culture and liquid deep fermentation culture, etc. In solid fermentation culture, a suitable solid substrate needs to be selected and pretreated (such as sterilization, humidity adjustment, etc.), and then inoculated with spores or strains of edible and medicinal mushrooms, and cultured under suitable temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions; liquid deep fermentation culture is to inoculate edible and medicinal mushrooms into a liquid medium containing nutrients, and through operations such as stirring and aeration, provide sufficient oxygen and nutrients for the growth of mycelium, enabling it to grow and reproduce rapidly in the liquid environment. The purpose of mycelium culture is to obtain a sufficient quantity and quality of mycelium to meet the requirements of subsequent applications such as paper preparation.

[0049] The mechanism for preparing paper using the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi is as follows: Polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, etc. rich in the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi have dual functions of antioxidant and antibacterial. Therefore, the paper prepared from the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi exhibits good antibacterial and fresh-keeping effects. A large amount of β-glucan is contained in the mycelial fibers of edible and medicinal fungi. β-glucan is a kind of polysaccharide formed by connecting glucose monomers through β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and its molecular structure contains a large number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups; while carboxymethyl cellulose is an anionic cellulose ether with good water solubility and adhesiveness; during the pulping process, carboxymethyl cellulose can be adsorbed on the surface of the mycelial fibers, and enhance the binding force between the mycelial fibers through hydrogen bonding and other effects, thereby improving the strength of the prepared paper, such as tensile strength, tear strength, etc. At the same time, carboxymethyl cellulose can increase the viscosity of the system, which helps the mycelial fibers to be evenly dispersed in the pulp and improves the uniformity of the paper. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a non-ionic cellulose ether, which can form a transparent and uniform solution in water and has good film-forming property and thickening property. Hydroxypropyl cellulose can form a continuous film on the surface of the paper, improve the surface properties of the paper, and also improve the anti-ink penetration performance of the paper and enhance the printing effect. The combined use of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose can complement each other: carboxymethyl cellulose mainly enhances the binding force inside the mycelial fibers, while hydroxypropyl cellulose can optimize the surface properties of the paper; therefore, the simultaneous use of the two can significantly improve the overall performance of the paper and increase the application potential.

[0050] Example 1 of the present invention:

[0051] This example provides a method for preparing paper using the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation, and the method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1, preparation of solid-fermented Ganoderma lucidum mycelia:

[0053] Take 100 g of corn straw, 150 g of wheat bran, 250 g of wood chips, 50 g of soybean dregs, 150 g of cottonseed hulls, and 300 g of corn cobs, crush them, stir evenly as the raw materials of the solid culture medium, add 0.3 mL / g of water and 0.002 g / g of sucrose to the raw materials of the solid culture medium to obtain the solid culture medium. Transfer the solid culture medium into a cultivation bag, and the cultivation bag can be a plastic bag. Make small holes in the center of the bag body of the cultivation bag, and perform high-pressure steam sterilization on the cultivation bag. Set the sterilization pressure to 1.05 MPa, the sterilization temperature to 121 °C, and the sterilization time to 1 h; after natural cooling, obtain the solid culture medium. Inoculate 0.1 g / g of Ganoderma lucidum strains into the solid culture medium, set the fermentation temperature to 28 °C, the humidity to 75%, the pH to 6.0, and the CO2 concentration to 55000 ppm; the fermentation time is 12 days; obtain Ganoderma lucidum mycelia. Select Ganoderma lucidum mycelia with white color, luster, and dense growth by the naked eye observation method, such as Figure 2As shown; using the scanning electron microscope observation method to screen Ganoderma lucidum mycelium that binds tightly to the solid medium and has a thick and strong morphology, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0054] Step 2, preparation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers:

[0055] Place the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium obtained in Step 1 in a drying oven, set the temperature at 45 °C, and the drying time at 6 h to form dried Ganoderma lucidum mycelium; then, put the dried Ganoderma lucidum mycelium into a high-speed crusher, configure a six-blade cyclone knife with a power of 200 W, and shear for 1.5 min to obtain Ganoderma lucidum mycelium flocs; afterwards, place the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium flocs in pure water, stir at a temperature of 65 °C for 70 min to obtain a Ganoderma lucidum mycelium suspension, and the concentration of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium flocs in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium suspension is 10 g / 100 mL; afterwards, place the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium suspension in a centrifuge, set the centrifuge speed at 8500 r / min, and the centrifugation time at 25 min, pour out the supernatant, and the precipitate obtained is: crude Ganoderma lucidum mycelium precipitate; wash the crude Ganoderma lucidum mycelium precipitate 3 times with pure water, and centrifuge again, and the precipitate obtained is: Ganoderma lucidum mycelium precipitate; afterwards, place the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium precipitate in a freeze dryer and freeze-dry it at -70 °C for 9 h to obtain Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers. Use the drying method to screen Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers with a moisture content not exceeding 3.5%, such as Figure 4 shown; use the scanning electron microscope observation method to screen Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers with a length of not less than 1.2 cm, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0056] The specific steps of screening Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers with a moisture content not exceeding 3.5% by the drying method are as follows: accurately weigh 2 g (accurate to 0.001 g) of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers and put them into an aluminum box that has been weighed to a constant weight. Record the initial mass m1 of the weighing bottle (containing Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers). Then, place the weighing bottle (with the cap open) or aluminum box containing Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers in a 105 °C drying oven. Dry for 3 hours, take out the aluminum box, quickly cover the lid, and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature. Weigh the aluminum box on an analytical balance and record the mass m2. Calculate the moisture content of the sample, moisture content (%) = (m1 - m2) / (m1 - m 铝盒 ) × 100%, where m aluminum box is the constant weight mass of the weighing bottle or aluminum box.

[0057] The specific steps of screening Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers with a length of not less than 1.2 cm by the scanning electron microscope observation method are as follows: fix the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers on the sample stage, after sputtering with gold, place them in the sample chamber of the scanning electron microscope, evacuate, and when the vacuum degree reaches 0.005 Pa, observe and photograph the surface morphology and size of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers.

[0058] Step 3, pulping of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers:

[0059] The Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers obtained in Step 2 are placed in pure water to obtain a Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber suspension, such that the concentration of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fibers in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber suspension is 15 g / 100 mL; hydroxypropyl cellulose is added to the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber suspension to obtain Suspension 1, such that the concentration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in Suspension 1 is 1 g / 100 mL; carboxymethyl cellulose is added to Suspension 1 to obtain Suspension 2, such that the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in Suspension 2 is 1 g / 100 mL; then, Suspension 2 is stirred at room temperature for 45 min to obtain Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp. A rheometer is used to screen that the viscosity of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp does not exceed 40 mPa; a Schopper beating degree tester is used to screen that the beating degree of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp does not exceed 50 °SR.

[0060] Step 4, Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper:

[0061] The Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp obtained in Step 3 is slowly poured into a rectangular mold with a non-woven fabric at the bottom. A leveling knife is used to evenly apply and press the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp in the mold flat. The mold frame is removed, and the non-woven fabric carrying the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber pulp is placed on a sheet former, as Figure 6 shown. Set the vacuum degree to -50 kPa, the dehydration time to 60 s, the drying temperature to 105 °C, and the drying time to 90 min. After drying is completed, Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is obtained. The grammage of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by the cutting and weighing method to be not less than 40 g / m 2 ; a thickness gauge is used to screen that the thickness of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper does not exceed 0.2 mm; a tensile testing machine is used to screen that the longitudinal tensile strength of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is not less than 2000 N / m, and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 1000 N / m; an Elmendorf tear strength tester is used to screen that the longitudinal tear strength of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is not less than 200 mN, and the transverse tear strength is not less than 100 mN; the national food safety standard food microbiological examination method is used to screen that the total number of colonies of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper does not exceed 50 CFU / g, the total number of molds does not exceed 20 CFU / g, and coliform bacteria are not detected; the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method is used to screen that fluorescent substances are not detected in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper; an air permeability meter is used to screen that the air permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper does not exceed 50 mL / m²·24 h; a moisture permeability meter is used to screen that the moisture permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper does not exceed 15 mL / m²·24 h.

[0062] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a paper prepared by a method for preparing paper from Ganoderma lucidum mycelium by solid fermentation.

[0063] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an application of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper as food packaging paper.

[0064] After the above specific implementation steps, the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is processed, and its apparent morphology is as Figure 7 shown.

[0065] Example 2 of the present invention:

[0066] The main difference from Example 1 is that in Step 1, 0.12 g / g of Ganoderma lucidum strains are inoculated into the solid medium, and the other operation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] Example 3 of the present invention:

[0068] The main difference from Example 1 is that in Step 1, 0.15 g / g of Ganoderma lucidum strains are inoculated into the solid medium, and the other operation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0069] Example 4 of the present invention:

[0070] The main difference from Example 1 is that in Step 1, after 100 g of corn straw, 150 g of wheat bran, 250 g of wood chips, 80 g of soybean dregs, 100 g of cottonseed hulls, and 320 g of corn cobs are crushed and stirred evenly, they are used as the raw materials of the solid culture medium matrix, and the other operation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Example 5 of the present invention:

[0072] The main difference from Example 1 is that in Step 1, after 120 g of corn straw, 180 g of wheat bran, 200 g of wood chips, 50 g of soybean dregs, 150 g of cottonseed hulls, and 300 g of corn cobs are crushed and stirred evenly, they are used as the raw materials of the solid culture medium matrix, and the other operation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0073] Effect test:

[0074] Determination of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper parameters:

[0075] The parameters of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper prepared through Examples 1-5 are determined. The basis weight of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is determined by the cutting and weighing method, the thickness of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is determined by a thickness gauge, the longitudinal tensile strength and transverse tensile strength of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper are determined by a tensile testing machine, the longitudinal tearing degree and transverse tearing degree of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper are determined by an Elmendorf tear strength tester not less than, the air permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is determined by an air permeability meter, the moisture permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is determined by a moisture permeability meter, and the presence or absence of fluorescent substances in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is detected by the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method. The specific values are shown in Table 1:

[0076] Table 1. Parameters of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper prepared from Examples 1-5.

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1, Examples 2 and 3 are Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber papers prepared with different inoculation amounts of Ganoderma lucidum strains, and there are slight differences in their various parameters. The effect of Example 1 is the best and meets the following conditions: The basis weight of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by the cutting and weighing method to be not less than 40 g / m 2 ; The thickness of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a thickness gauge to be not more than 0.2 mm; The longitudinal tensile strength of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a tensile testing machine to be not less than 2000 N / m, and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 1000 N / m; The longitudinal tearing degree of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by an Elmendorf tear strength tester to be not less than 200 mN, and the transverse tearing degree is not less than 100 mN; The fluorescent substances in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper are screened by the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method and shall not be detected; The air permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by an air permeability meter to be not more than 50 mL / m²·24 h; The moisture permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a moisture permeability meter to be not more than 15 mL / m²·24 h.

[0079] Compared with Example 1, Examples 4 and 5 are Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber papers prepared with different ratios of solid culture medium raw materials, and there are slight differences in their various parameters. The effect of Example 1 is the best and meets the following conditions: The basis weight of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by the cutting and weighing method to be not less than 40 g / m 2 ; The thickness of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a thickness gauge to be not more than 0.2 mm; The longitudinal tensile strength of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a tensile testing machine to be not less than 2000 N / m, and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 1000 N / m; The longitudinal tearing degree of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by an Elmendorf tear strength tester to be not less than 200 mN, and the transverse tearing degree is not less than 100 mN; The fluorescent substances in the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper are screened by the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method and shall not be detected; The air permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by an air permeability meter to be not more than 50 mL / m²·24 h; The moisture permeability of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper is screened by a moisture permeability meter to be not more than 15 mL / m²·24 h.

[0080] 2. Detection method for the total number of colonies of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper:

[0081] Randomly cut an appropriate amount of 25 g of paper from the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper sample of Example 1, put it into a sterile homogenization bag, add 225 mL of sterile physiological saline, and beat it with a beating homogenizer for 1 min - 2 min to make a 1:10 sample homogenate; Perform 10-fold serial dilution of the sample homogenate to 10⁻ 2 , 10⁻³, and take 10⁻ 1 , 10⁻ 2For the sample homogenate at a dilution of 10⁻³, 1 mL was respectively pipetted into a sterile petri dish, and two parallel samples were prepared for each dilution. At the same time, 1 mL of sterile normal saline was respectively pipetted into two sterile petri dishes as blank controls. Approximately 15 - 20 mL of plate count agar medium cooled to about 46℃ - 50℃ was poured into each petri dish, gently shaken well. After the medium solidified, the petri dishes were inverted and placed in a microbial incubator at 36℃ ± 1℃ for culturing for 48 h ± 2 h. After the culturing was completed, colony counting was performed, as shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2. Colony counts of the sample homogenates of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper at different dilutions on agar medium.

[0083]

[0084] For the sample homogenates of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper prepared in this experiment, the colony counts on the media at three dilution gradients did not exceed 50 CFU / g.

[0085] 3. Detection method for the total number of molds in Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper:

[0086] An appropriate amount (25 g) of paper was randomly cut from the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper sample in Example 1 and placed into a sterile homogenization bag. 225 mL of sterile normal saline was added, and it was beaten with a beat-type homogenizer for 1 - 2 min to prepare a 1:10 sample homogenate. The sample homogenate was serially diluted 10-fold to 10 -3 , and 1 mL of the sample homogenates at 10 -1 , 10 -2 , 10 -3 dilutions was respectively pipetted into sterile petri dishes, and two parallel samples were prepared for each dilution. At the same time, 1 mL of sterile normal saline was respectively pipetted into two sterile petri dishes as blank controls. Approximately 15 - 20 mL of Rose Bengal agar medium cooled to about 46℃ was poured into each petri dish, gently shaken well. After the medium solidified, the petri dishes were inverted and placed in a microbial incubator at 28℃ ± 1℃ for culturing for 5 days. After the culturing was completed, colony counting was performed, as shown in Table 3.

[0087] Table 3. Colony counts of the sample homogenates of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper at different dilutions on Rose Bengal agar medium.

[0088]

[0089] For the sample homogenates of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper prepared in this experiment, no molds were formed on the media at 10 -1 , 10 -2 dilution gradients. Only a small amount of molds were formed on the medium at 10 -3 dilution gradient, and the total number of molds did not exceed 20 CFU / g.

[0090] 4. Detection method for coliform bacteria in Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper:

[0091] Randomly cut an appropriate amount of 25 g of paper from the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper sample in Example 1, put it into a sterile homogenization bag, add 225 mL of sterile normal saline, and beat it with a beating homogenizer for 1 min - 2 min to make a 1:10 sample homogenate; perform 10-fold serial dilution of the sample homogenate to 10-2 and 10-3. Select the sample homogenates with dilution factors of 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3. Inoculate 3 tubes of lauryl sulfate tryptone (LST) broth for each dilution factor, and inoculate 1 mL into each tube (if the inoculation volume exceeds 1 mL, use double-strength LST broth). Incubate at 36°C ± 1°C for 24 h ± 2 h, observe whether there are bubbles in the inverted tubes. For those that produce gas within 24 h ± 2 h, perform a re-fermentation test (confirmation test). If no gas is produced, continue to incubate until 48 h ± 2 h. For those that produce gas, perform a re-fermentation test. Those that do not produce gas are negative for coliform bacteria. Use an inoculation loop to take 1 loop of the culture from the gas-producing LST broth tube and transfer it to a brilliant green lactose bile salt broth (BGLB) tube, and incubate at 36°C ± 1°C for 48 h ± 2 h, and observe the gas production situation. For those that produce gas, it is counted as a positive tube for coliform bacteria. According to the coliform MPN retrieval table, calculate the most probable number (MPN) of coliform bacteria per gram of the sample. See Table 4.

[0092] Table 4. Gas production situation of the sample homogenates of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper at different dilution factors in brilliant green lactose bile salt broth (BGLB) tubes.

[0093]

[0094] For the sample homogenate of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper prepared in this experiment, all fermentation tubes at 3 dilution gradients did not produce gas, that is, no coliform bacteria were detected.

[0095] 5. Determination of antibacterial properties of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus:

[0096] Select Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as model strains, and the initial concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1×10 6 CFU / mL. Verify the antibacterial activity of the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper in Example 1 through the agar diffusion method and the dynamic co-culture model. In the inhibition zone experiment, after punching the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fiber paper with a puncher (Φ6 mm), attach it to the surface of the medium inoculated with the indicator bacteria. Cefotaxime sodium (0.4 mg / mL) is used as a positive control. After incubating at a constant temperature of 37°C for 24 h, measure the diameter of the inhibition zone. See Figure 8 and Figure 9 .

[0097] Results of the agar diffusion test: The positive control (cefotaxime sodium) produced obvious inhibition zones in both bacteria. Figure 8 For the Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fiber paper represented by B of Figure 8 , the inhibition zone was obvious, indicating that it had a good antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli; while Figure 8 for the blank sample represented by A of Figure 8 , the inhibition zone was small or even had no inhibitory effect; Figure 9 For the Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fiber paper represented by B of Figure 9 , the inhibition zone was obvious, indicating that it had a good antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus; while Figure 9 for the blank sample represented by A of Figure 9 , the inhibition zone was small or even had no inhibitory effect.

[0098] The steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted, combined and deleted according to actual needs. In the solution of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed or recorded in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. The technical features of the technical solution of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in the present invention.

[0099] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing paper from the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation of solid-fermented edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia: Using the edible and medicinal mushroom as the strain, inoculating it into the solid medium with an inoculation amount of 0.08 - 0.15 g / g, and fermenting and culturing for 10 - 15 days to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia; Step 2, preparation of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers: Placing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia in an oven for drying, then putting them into a high-speed crusher for crushing to obtain edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs. Then adding pure water to obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial suspension, and then placing it in a centrifuge. After centrifuging multiple times, obtaining the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate, and then placing it in a freeze dryer for freeze-drying to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers; Step 3, pulping of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers: Placing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers in pure water to obtain an edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber suspension. After adding hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and stirring, obtaining the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp; Step 4, preparation of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper: Pouring the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp into a mold, allowing it to form, dehydrate and dry to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper.

2. The method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 1, wherein The edible and medicinal mushroom in Step 1 is selected from any one of Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Dictyophora indusiata, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Poria cocos.

3. The method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid medium in Step 1 includes solid medium matrix raw materials, sucrose and water; the solid medium matrix raw materials include: 10 - 15% corn straw, 10 - 20% wheat bran, 20 - 25% wood chips, 5 - 10% soybean dregs, 10 - 15% cottonseed hulls, 30 - 40% corn cobs.

4. The method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conditions for fermentation and culture in Step 1 are: fermentation temperature 12 - 28 °C, humidity 55% - 85%, CO2 concentration 15000 - 55000 ppm.

5. The method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 4, wherein, After Step 1, the method further includes: screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia with white color, luster and dense growth by macroscopic observation method; screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia with white color, luster and dense growth by microscopic observation method.

6. The method for preparing paper from the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs in Step 2 is: placing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia obtained in Step 1 in an oven for drying, setting the temperature at 30 - 60 °C, drying for 5 - 8 h to form dry edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia; then putting the dry edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia into a high-speed crusher for crushing, configuring a six-blade cyclone knife with a power of 200 W, and shearing for 0.5 - 1.5 min to form the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs.

7. The method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation method of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial suspension in Step 2 is: placing the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial flocs obtained in Step 2 in pure water, stirring at a temperature of 45 - 75 °C for 55 - 110 min to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial suspension.

8. The method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate in Step 2 is: centrifuging the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial suspension obtained in Step 2 in a centrifuge, setting the centrifuge speed at 8000 - 10000 r / min, and centrifuging for 20 - 30 min. Pouring out the supernatant to obtain the crude edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate; washing the crude edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate with pure water 3 times and centrifuging again to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate.

9. The method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 8, wherein, The preparation method of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers in step 2 is as follows: The edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial precipitate obtained in step 2 is placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -70°C for 8 - 10 hours to obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers.

10. The method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 9, characterized in that, After step 2, the method further includes: screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers with a moisture content not exceeding 3.5% by the drying method; screening the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers with a length of not less than 1.2 cm by the scanning electron microscope observation method.

11. The method for preparing paper from the mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 10, wherein, In step 3, the concentration of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fibers in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber suspension is 12 - 16 g / 100 mL, the concentration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber suspension is 0.5 - 1 g / 100 mL; the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber suspension is 1 - 2 g / 100 mL.

12. The method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation as claimed in claim 11, wherein After step 3, the method further includes: screening the viscosity of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp not exceeding 40 mPa by a rheometer; screening the beating degree of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp not exceeding 50°SR by a Schopper - type beating degree tester.

13. A method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The specific method of step 4 is as follows: Pour the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp into a paper mold with a non - woven fabric at the bottom, use a leveling knife to spread the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp in the paper mold evenly and press it flat, remove the mold frame, place the non - woven fabric carrying the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber pulp on a paper former, and after dehydration and drying, obtain the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper.

14. A method for preparing paper from the mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 13, characterized in that, The specific conditions for forming, dehydrating, and drying in step 4 are: the vacuum degree is - 30 kPa to - 50 kPa, the dehydration time is 30 - 120 s, the drying temperature is 100 - 120°C, and the drying time is 30 - 120 min.

15. A method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to claim 14, characterized in that, After step 4, the method further includes: screening the basis weight of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not less than 40 g / m² by the cutting and weighing method; screening the thickness of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not exceeding 0.2 mm by a thickness gauge; screening the longitudinal tensile strength of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not less than 2000 N / m and the transverse tensile strength not less than 1000 N / m by a tensile testing machine; screening the longitudinal tearing degree of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not less than 200 mN and the transverse tearing degree not less than 100 mN by an Elmendorf - type tearing strength tester; screening the total number of colonies of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not exceeding 50 CFU / g, the total number of molds not exceeding 20 CFU / g, and no detection of coliforms by the national food safety standard food microbiological inspection method; screening no detection of fluorescent substances in the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper by the ultraviolet lamp irradiation method; screening the air permeability of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not exceeding 50 mL / m²·24 h by an air permeability meter; screening the moisture permeability of the edible and medicinal mushroom mycelial fiber paper not exceeding 15 mL / m²·24 h by a moisture permeability meter.

16. A paper prepared by the method for preparing a paper from a solid - fermented edible and medicinal mushroom mycelium according to any one of claims 1 - 15.

17. Use of a paper prepared by the method for preparing paper from mycelia of edible and medicinal fungi by solid fermentation according to any one of claims 1 to 15 as a food wrapping paper.

Images