A coal mine roadway support device and its support method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, and specifically discloses a coal mine roadway support device and a support method thereof, including a top net, a front-probing beam, multiple groups of steel supports, multiple groups of anchor cables, and a support assembly arranged between the top net and the steel supports for tightly attaching the top net to the roof of the roadway. The steel support includes a top beam and legs, and the top beam is an H-shaped steel. The support assembly includes: a bottom plate arranged between two steel supports, and both ends of the bottom plate are respectively inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams; a support plate arranged above the bottom plate and abutting against the top net. The support plate includes a middle plate and two side plates respectively slidably arranged at both ends of the middle plate. A pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plate and the middle plate. A support member is used to adjust the height of the support plate to ensure that the support plate can be in close contact with the top net. Also, through the staggered arrangement of the support assemblies, the continuity of the support surface is ensured, the pressure on the top of the roadway can be evenly dispersed, and the stability of the roadway is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, and particularly relates to a coal mine roadway support device and a support method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important energy material, coal mines are used in industrial production and other fields. Since coal mines are generally hidden underground, coal mine mining operations are all underground operations. When mining coal underground, coal mine roadways are generally used for material transportation and personnel access. Therefore, the stability of coal mine roadways is crucial, and the support for coal mine tunnels will also become crucial. It is necessary to use a support structure to support the roadways for coal mine mining. To ensure the safety of construction personnel, the support structure must have high strength and high stability.

[0003] The Chinese patent document with the authorization announcement number CN114542130B discloses a coal mine mining support frame that keeps in contact with the inner wall of the tunnel, including a support. A railway is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support. Support rods are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the support. Two arc-shaped metal plates are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the support rod. The two arc-shaped metal plates are symmetrically arranged. Elastic small rods are fixedly installed at the edges of the arc-shaped metal plates. The water adhering to the outer surface of the support rod is blown to the contact points of two mutually arranged inclined surfaces, so that the adhering water can fall off, reducing the moisture on the support rod, which can relieve the rusting effect of the support rod, achieve the effect of extending the service life, and make the support safer. When there is a gap between the arc-shaped metal plate and the inner wall of the roadway, the arc-shaped metal plate can be restored to fill the gap, achieving the effect of always abutting against the inner wall of the roadway, which can reduce the falling of impurities and crushed stones and improve the safety effect.

[0004] When using the existing support device for support, the front-probing beam extends to the heading through the hanging ring. Starting from the permanent support, the mesh is laid above the front-probing beam and overlapped with the already supported mesh. Each row of mesh needs to be topped with a backplate (sleeper or wooden board), and the wooden wedge is tightened to leave the bolt hole position to ensure that the mesh is closely attached to the roof without empty roof. Therefore, usually round logs or square timbers are used for topping. For example, when constructing a roadway support system with H-shaped steel supports spaced 1.2 meters apart, the width of the installation groove formed by the adjacent top beam flanges is 150 millimeters. For the traditional support component, it is necessary for two people to cooperate to complete the positioning and fixing by inserting the two ends of a 2.4-meter square timber into the grooves of the two side top beams respectively. When the top mesh is deformed under pressure, the contact surface between the wood and the top beam is prone to slip, resulting in the offset of the support point and the separation gap between the top mesh and the roof wall of the roadway. Therefore, using round logs or square timbers for topping is rather troublesome and has low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a coal mine roadway support device, aiming to solve the problem that it is rather troublesome to use round logs or square timbers for topping in the related art.

[0006] A coal mine roadway support device, including a top net, a front-probing beam, multiple groups of steel supports, multiple groups of anchor cables, and a support assembly arranged between the top net and the steel supports for pressing the top net against the top wall of the roadway. The steel support includes a top beam and legs. The top beam is an H-shaped steel. The support assembly includes:

[0007] A bottom plate, arranged between two steel supports, and both ends of the bottom plate are respectively inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams;

[0008] A support plate, arranged above the bottom plate and abutted against the top net. The support plate includes a middle plate and two side plates respectively slidably arranged at both ends of the middle plate. A pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plates and the middle plate. When the side plates completely move out of the outer side of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism makes the side plates pop up, and the side plates move to directly above the top beam;

[0009] A support member, installed between the bottom plate and the support plate, for moving the support plate away from or closer to the bottom plate;

[0010] The support assemblies on the front and rear sides of the steel supports are arranged staggeredly, so that the left and right sides of the side plates respectively contact the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support assemblies on the other side of the steel support.

[0011] The effect is as follows: During the process that the side plates completely move out of the outer side of the top beam, with the action of the pop-up mechanism, the side plates pop up and move to directly above the top beam. During the installation process, first, the bottom plate needs to be tilted so that one end is first inserted into the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam of the steel support, and then the other end of the bottom plate is aligned with the installation groove formed by the flange of the other steel support beam. Next, the bottom plate needs to be restored to ensure that the other end of the bottom plate can smoothly enter the installation groove on the other steel support. Through the adjustment of the support member, the height of the support plate can be adjusted to make it contact the top net. As the support plate slides outwards, the side plates gradually cross the top surface of the top beam. When the side plates completely cross the top surface of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism works again to make the side plates pop up and move to directly above the top beam. The support assemblies on the front and rear sides of the steel supports are arranged staggeredly. Such an arrangement makes the left and right sides of the side plates in one support assembly respectively contact the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support assemblies on the other side of the steel support, thereby forming a continuous support surface. This design not only enhances the stability and safety of the support structure but also effectively prevents the occurrence of roof caving accidents.

[0012] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly arranged on the side of the side plate close to the middle plate, and a sliding groove for slidingly cooperating with the guide rod is opened on the middle plate.

[0013] Preferably, the top surface of the guide rod, the top surface of the side plate, and the top surface of the middle plate are in the same plane, ensuring that the guide rod slides smoothly in the sliding groove and can make the guide rod contact the top net, thereby further stabilizing the fit between the top net and the top wall of the roadway.

[0014] Preferably, the pop-up mechanism includes an elastic band and a trigger mechanism. The two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to the guide rod and the middle plate. The trigger mechanism is installed between the bottom plate and the support plate. In the initial state, the trigger mechanism blocks the side plate from popping up. When the side plate moves beyond the top surface of the top beam, the trigger mechanism no longer blocks the side plate from popping up, realizing the automatic pop-up function of the side plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the top surface of the top beam, the trigger mechanism is automatically released, and the elastic band can quickly pull the side plate out and move it directly above the top beam. This design avoids the need for manual operation of the side plate, improves the automation degree and working efficiency of the support device. At the same time, the side plate can be accurately positioned directly above the top beam, ensuring the stability and reliability of the support structure.

[0015] Preferably, the trigger mechanism includes a stop bar fixedly installed on the bottom plate. A jack matching the stop bar is provided on the middle plate. A slot matching the stop bar is provided on the bottom surface of the guide rod. In the initial state, the top end of the stop bar passes through the jack and inserts into the slot, thereby blocking the side plate from popping up, realizing the automatic pop-up function of the side plate, and at the same time providing a reliable locking mechanism. In the initial state, the stop bar effectively prevents the accidental pop-up of the side plate, increasing the safety of the device. When the side plate completely moves out of the top surface of the top beam, the stop bar no longer restricts the side plate, so that the side plate pops up automatically.

[0016] Preferably, the support member includes two top plates respectively slidably installed at the front and rear ends of the middle plate. A driving member for controlling the lifting of the top plate relative to the bottom plate is installed between the top plate and the bottom plate. Since the top wall of the coal mine roadway is not completely flat, by respectively arranging liftable top plates at the front and rear ends of the middle plate, the height of the support assembly can be adjusted according to the actual situation, making the top net fit the roadway top wall better. In addition, when the roadway top wall deforms, the height of the top plate can also be adjusted to adapt to the deformation and maintain the support efficiency. This design enhances the adaptability and flexibility of the support equipment and improves the support effect.

[0017] Preferably, the driving member includes a first lead screw. The first lead screw passes through the bottom plate and meshes with the bottom plate. The top end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the top plate, and a driving head is installed at the bottom end of the first lead screw.

[0018] Preferably, a second lead screw is meshed in the middle of the bottom plate. The top of the second lead screw is connected to a support plate that can abut against the bottom surface of the middle plate. A driving head is also installed at the bottom end of the second lead screw. By rotating the driving head, the contact pressure between the support plate and the middle plate can be precisely adjusted to form a multi-point uniform support between the top net and the roadway top wall, avoiding deformation of the middle plate caused by insufficient local support force. The contact area between the support plate and the middle plate is increased, effectively dispersing the load pressure.

[0019] Preferably, mounting grooves are provided on both the left and right sides of the side plates. Connecting hooks are elastically hinged in the mounting grooves. When one side plate slides backward against another side plate, the connecting hooks on the two side plates are hooked to each other, thereby preventing the side plates from being pulled out when moving forward. When one side plate slides backward against another side plate, it abuts against the other connecting hook during the sliding process, causing the two connecting hooks to retract into the mounting grooves. Subsequently, after the hooked portion of one connecting hook passes over the hooked portion of the other connecting hook, the two connecting hooks rebound under the action of the torsion springs, causing the connecting hooks on the two side plates to be hooked to each other. This mutual hooking effectively prevents the side plates from being pulled out when moving forward because once the connecting hooks are hooked to each other, they form a stable locking structure that can effectively prevent the displacement of the side plates, thereby enhancing the overall stability.

[0020] A support method for a coal mine roadway includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Determine the hole positions;

[0022] Step 2: Drill holes;

[0023] Step 3: Drill the holes to the designed depth, install the steel pipes, withdraw the drill rods, use a high-pressure air pipe to blow and wash the drill cuttings in the holes clean, and push the seamless steel pipes into the holes to the predetermined positions;

[0024] Step 4: Push the longitudinally reinforced steel bar bundles welded in advance into the seamless steel pipes;

[0025] Step 5: Connect the grouting pipeline to the quick connectors of the seamless steel pipes through joints for grouting and wait for at least 24 hours;

[0026] Step 6: When the roadheader operates and the cutting reaches the designed section, a person stands under the well-supported shed beam and uses a long-handled tool to check for loose rocks to confirm safety;

[0027] Step 7: Lay the top net and overlap it with the top net of the previous shed;

[0028] Step 8: First install the top beam and the legs, then clamp the two ends of the floor on the mounting grooves of the two top beams respectively, and then use the support members to raise the side plates and the middle plate. When the side plates completely move out of the outer side of the top beam, the side plates pop out and move to directly above the top beam. Finally, the side plates and the middle plate lift the top net to make the top net abut against the roof wall of the roadway, forming a stable support;

[0029] Step 9: Use anchor cables to further fix the top beam and the legs.

[0030] Its effects are as follows: It solves the problems of poor size adaptability and high risk of working at heights existing in traditional wood roof connection. The mechanized installation method of the top net and the steel support reduces the operation links of manual climbing of the support frame, and the automatic interlocking mechanism of the support components ensures the overall stability of the support system. The integrated implementation of the grouting process and the steel pipe installation enhances the surrounding rock reinforcement effect, and the multi-stage safety inspection process significantly reduces the risk of roof collapse. The whole set of support methods realizes the standardization of roadway support operations and the improvement of safety.

[0031] Adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. In the initial stage of installation, the operator needs to first insert the bottom plate into the installation groove formed between the flanges of the top beams of two adjacent steel supports. After the bottom plate is successfully inserted, the next step is to use the support member to adjust the height of the support plate to ensure that the support plate can be in close contact with the top net, so as to achieve the expected support effect. In this way, it can effectively solve the problems of difficult installation and poor support effect caused by using wood as the support material in traditional coal mine roadway support. In addition, this installation method not only simplifies the installation process, but also ensures the continuity of the support surface through the staggered arrangement of the support components, can more evenly disperse the pressure on the top of the roadway, thereby enhancing the stability of the roadway and ensuring the safety of miners;

[0033] 2. By the support member, the middle plate moves away from the bottom plate and upward. During this process, the stop bar is gradually pulled out from the insertion hole and the slot. When the stop bar completely disengages from the slot, the side plate has completely crossed the top surface of the top beam. At this time, the elastic band starts to release the elastic potential energy stored before, so that the side plate can pop out and move to directly above the top beam. In this way, the support components on the front and rear sides of the steel support are staggered. The support member continues to push the middle plate upward until the side plate and the middle plate act together to tightly press the top net against the top wall of the roadway. This process completes the roof connection reinforcement and effectively avoids the problem of the roof connection blind area directly above the top beam;

[0034] 3. When the two side plates approach each other and slide, the connecting hooks on the two side plates are pushed against and retracted into their respective installation grooves. As the sliding continues, the hooked parts of the connecting hooks will cross the hooked parts of the other connecting hook. After the hooked parts of the two connecting hooks cross each other, under the action of the torsion spring, the two connecting hooks will rebound, so that the connecting hooks on the two side plates can be hooked together. This hooking action effectively prevents the side plate from being pulled out when moving forward. Once the connecting hooks are successfully hooked together, a stable locking structure will be formed, which can effectively prevent the displacement of the side plate, thereby greatly enhancing the stability of the overall structure. Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a top view of the present invention after removing the top net.

[0037] Figure 3 It is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a front view of the initial state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of the initial state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a front view of the final state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a top view of the final state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8 It is Figure 7 a sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 1. Top net; 2. Steel support; 21. Top beam; 22. Leg; 3. Support assembly; 31. Bottom plate; 32. Support plate; 321. Intermediate plate; 322. Side plate; 3221. Guide rod; 3222. Connecting hook; 323. Ejecting mechanism; 3231. Elastic band; 3232. Stop bar; 33. Support member; 331. Top plate; 332. First lead screw; 333. Second lead screw; 3331. Support plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0046] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, a coal mine roadway support device includes a top net 1, multiple groups of steel supports 2, multiple groups of anchor cables (not shown in the figure), and multiple support assemblies 3. The top net 1 is a net-like structure covering the top of the roadway and is used to prevent the falling of crushed stones from the roof 331. The top net 1 is pressed against the top wall of the roadway by the steel supports 2 and the support assemblies 3, and the anchor cables further reinforce the steel supports 2.

[0047] The steel support 2 is composed of a top beam 21 and legs 22. The top beam 21 is an H-shaped steel, and two installation grooves facing forward and backward respectively are formed between the two beam flanges. The legs 22 are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the top beam 21 for supporting the top beam 21. A backing plate needs to be placed at the bottom of the legs 22, and the backing plate is preferably made of metal to disperse the pressure and prevent the legs 22 from sinking into the soil layer.

[0048] Two anchor cables in each group fix the top beam 21 to the roof 331 (not shown in the figure) through an anchor cable plate to enhance the overall stability of the steel support 2.

[0049] As Figures 1-8 shown, the support assemblies 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel support 2 are arranged staggeredly. The support assembly 3 includes a bottom plate 31, a support plate 32, and a support member 33. The support member 33 is installed between the bottom plate 31 and the support plate 32 for adjusting the distance between the bottom plate 31 and the support plate 32. During the installation process, first insert the bottom plate 31 into the installation groove formed by the flanges of the top beam 21 of two adjacent steel supports 2, and then adjust the height of the support plate 32 through the support member 33 to make the support plate 32 contact the top net 1, thus solving the problems of difficult installation and poor support effect caused by using wood as the support material in traditional coal mine roadway support, simplifying the installation process, and the staggeredly arranged support assemblies 3 ensure the continuity of the support surface and improve the overall support effect.

[0050] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the support plate 32 is composed of a middle plate 321, two side plates 322, and a pop-up mechanism 323. Guide rods 3221 are fixedly connected to both side plates 322. Sliding grooves are opened at both ends of the middle plate 321. The two side plates 322 are slidably installed at both ends of the middle plate 321 through the cooperation of the guide rods 3221 and the sliding grooves. The top surfaces of the guide rods 3221, the side plates 322, and the middle plate 321 are in the same plane;

[0051] The pop-up mechanism 323 is installed between the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321. When the side plate 322 completely moves out of the outer side of the top beam 21, the pop-up mechanism 323 makes the side plate 322 pop up, and the side plate 322 moves to directly above the top beam 21. During the installation process, first tilt the bottom plate 31, insert one end into the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the steel support 2 first, and align the other end with the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of another steel support 2, and then return the bottom plate 31 to the normal position to make the other end of the bottom plate 31 enter the installation groove on another steel support 2. Then, adjust the height of the support plate 32 through the support member 33 to make the support plate 32 contact the top net 1. As the support plate 32 slides outwards, the side plate 322 gradually crosses the top surface of the top beam 21. When the side plate 322 completely crosses the top surface of the top beam 21, the pop-up mechanism 323 makes the side plate 322 pop up and move to directly above the top beam 21. The state at this time is as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the support components 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel support 2 are staggered, so that the side plates 322 on the left and right sides of one support component 3 are respectively in contact with the side surfaces of the side plates 322 in two support components 3 on the other side of the steel support 2, forming a continuous support surface as shown in Figure 2 shown in the figure, which also enhances the stability and safety of the support structure and effectively prevents the occurrence of roof caving accidents.

[0052] The ejection mechanism 323 includes an elastic band 3231 and a stop bar 3232. The two ends of the elastic band 3231 are respectively connected to the guide rod 3221 and the intermediate plate 321. The stop bar 3232 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the bottom plate 31. The intermediate plate 321 is provided with a jack adapted to the stop bar 3232, so that the intermediate plate 321 can be lifted relative to the stop bar 3232. The bottom surface of the guide rod 3221 is provided with a slot adapted to the stop bar 3232. The slot penetrates through the top and bottom of the guide rod 3221. In the initial state, the guide rod 3221 is completely located in the chute, and the elastic band 3231 is in a stretched state. At this time, as shown in Figure 5 shown in the figure, the stop bar 3232 passes through the jack and the slot, restricting the side plate 322 from sliding away from the intermediate plate 321, thereby preventing the elastic band 3231 from releasing elastic potential energy. When the support member 33 drives the intermediate plate 321 to move upward away from the bottom plate 31, the stop bar 3232 is gradually pulled out from the jack and the slot. When the stop bar 3232 is completely pulled out from the slot, at this time the side plate 322 completely crosses the top surface of the top beam 21, and the elastic band 3231 releases elastic potential energy, causing the side plate 322 to pop out and move directly above the top beam 21, so that the support components 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel support 2 are staggered. The support member 33 continues to drive the intermediate plate 321 to rise until the side plate 322 and the intermediate plate 321 press the top net 1 against the top wall of the roadway, thus completing the roof contact reinforcement.

[0053] The support member 33 includes two roof plates 331, two first lead screws 332 and a second lead screw 333. The two roof plates 331 are respectively slidably installed at the front and rear ends of the intermediate plate 321. The dovetail groove fit between the roof plate 331 and the intermediate plate 321 provides a stable support foundation for the roof plate 331. A dovetail protrusion is provided on the side of the roof plate 331 close to the intermediate plate 321. A vertical dovetail groove is opened on the end surface of the intermediate plate 321. The cross section of the dovetail groove is wedge-shaped or triangular (the angle is usually 60°, which can be adjusted for special applications). The dovetail protrusion and the dovetail groove form an inclined surface fit. This design improves the tensile and shear resistance by increasing the contact area.

[0054] The first lead screw 332 passes through the bottom plate 31 and meshes with the bottom plate 31. A driving head is installed at the bottom end of the first lead screw 332. The first lead screw 332 is driven by the driving head to lift relative to the bottom plate 31. The top end of the first lead screw 332 is rotatably connected to the top plate 331, thereby driving the top plate 331 to lift and causing the top plate 331 to slide along the dovetail groove direction. The second lead screw 333 also passes through the bottom plate 31 and meshes with the bottom plate 31. A driving head is also installed at its bottom end. The top end of the second lead screw 333 is connected to a support plate 3331. The support plate 3331 can abut against the intermediate plate 321, thereby providing a supporting force for the intermediate plate 321.

[0055] A relief groove adapted to the guide rod 3221 is provided at the top of the top plate 331, so that the top surface of the top plate 331 is coplanar with the top surface of the guide rod 3221, so that the top plate 331 and the guide rod 3221 jointly apply a uniform pressure to the top net 1, ensuring the overall stability of the support structure.

[0056] When the driving head is rotated, the meshing relationship between the first lead screw 332 and the bottom plate 31 converts the rotational motion into the axial displacement of the first lead screw 332, thereby pushing the top plate 331 to lift relative to the bottom plate 31. Since the first lead screw 332 is directly meshed with the bottom plate 31, no additional transmission components are required, the structure is simplified and the transmission efficiency is improved. The rotational connection design between the top plate 331 and the top end of the first lead screw 332 avoids the offset or jamming caused by the rotation of the top plate 331 with the first lead screw 332, ensuring a stable lifting process. The driving head is set at the bottom end of the first lead screw 332, and the operator can complete the adjustment on the ground without climbing, significantly improving safety and efficiency. When the side plate 322 completely crosses the top surface of the roof beam 21, the elastic band 3231 releases elastic potential energy, causing the side plate 322 to pop out and move directly above the roof beam 21. Then the support plate 32 continues to rise until the side plate 322 and the intermediate plate 321 press the top net 1 against the roof wall of the roadway. At this time, the top plate 331 exerts an upward thrust on the guide rod 3221 and forms a firm support for the side plate 322 and the intermediate plate 321, ensuring that the top net 1 closely adheres to the roof wall. After that, rotate the driving head of the second lead screw 333, and the axial displacement of the second lead screw 333 drives the support plate 3331 to rise until the support plate 3331 abuts against the intermediate plate 321, further strengthening the supporting force of the intermediate plate 321.

[0057] To further strengthen the connection effect between the support plates 32, mounting grooves are provided on both the left and right sides of the side plates 322. A connecting hook 3222 is hinged in the mounting groove, and a torsion spring (not shown in the figure) is installed at the hinge of the connecting hook 3222. Thus, in the initial state, the connecting hook 3222 protrudes from the side of the side plate 322, and a slope is provided at the end of the connecting hook 3222 away from the middle plate 321. When one side plate 322 slides backward against another side plate 322, it can abut against the connecting hook 3222, causing the connecting hook 3222 to retract into the mounting groove. After that, after the hooked portion of the connecting hook 3222 passes over the hooked portion of another connecting hook 3222, the two connecting hooks 3222 rebound under the action of the torsion spring, so that the connecting hooks 3222 on the two side plates 322 are hooked to each other (as Figure 2 shown), thereby preventing the side plate 322 from being pulled out by forward movement. After the connecting hooks 3222 are hooked to each other, a stable locking structure is formed, effectively preventing the displacement of the side plate 322 and enhancing the overall stability.

[0058] Working principle: During the process of roof contact operation, first, the bottom plate 31 needs to be tilted so that one end is first inserted into the mounting groove formed by the flange of the roof beam 21 of the steel support 2. Then, the other end of the bottom plate 31 is aligned with another mounting groove formed by the flange of the roof beam 21 of the steel support 2. In the tilted state of the bottom plate 31, a righting operation is performed, so that the other end of the bottom plate 31 can smoothly enter the mounting groove on another steel support 2. At this time, both ends of the bottom plate 31 enter the groove, and the bottom plate 31 is then erected between the two roof beams 21. Subsequently, the operator needs to rotate the two lead screws 332 through the driving head, and in this way, push the top plate 331 to move up and down relative to the bottom plate 31. When the side plate 322 completely passes over the top surface of the roof beam 21, the stop bar 3232 will be completely pulled out of the slot, and the elastic band 3231 releases the elastic potential energy it stores, enabling the side plate 322 to pop out and move upward until it slides backward against another side plate 322. After the hooked portion of the connecting hook 3222 on the side plate 322 passes over the hooked portion of another connecting hook 3222, the two connecting hooks 3222 rebound under the action of the torsion spring, so that the connecting hooks 3222 on the two side plates 322 are hooked to each other. At this time, the support plate 32 continues to rise until the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321 press the top net 1 firmly against the roof wall of the roadway. During this process, the top plate 331 exerts an upward thrust on the guide rod 3221 and forms a stable support for the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321. Finally, by rotating the driving head of the lead screw 333, the axial displacement of the lead screw 333 drives the support plate 3331 to rise until the support plate 3331 abuts tightly against the middle plate 321. This action further strengthens the supporting force of the middle plate 321, ensures that the overall structure remains stable under high-pressure environments, effectively prevents accidental collapses of the roof wall of the roadway, and thus significantly improves the safety factor of the operation.

[0059] A supporting method for coal mine roadways, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. Determine the hole positions. During the roadway tunneling process, when entering the broken surrounding rock section, determine the construction start position according to the design plan and carry out preparatory work;

[0061] S2. Borehole construction. The boreholes are spaced 500 mm along the direction of the pipe shed. After measuring and setting out the lines according to the design parameters using a hydraulic drill, construct the No. 1 borehole and drill along the roadway tunneling direction;

[0062] S3. Steel pipe installation. When the borehole construction reaches the design depth, withdraw the drill pipe, use a high-pressure air pipe to blow and wash the drill cuttings in the hole clean, push the seamless steel pipe into the borehole to the predetermined position, and leave a length of 300 mm outside the hole. If the hole collapses and gets blocked, the steel pipe should be taken out, and after reaming and blowing and washing, install it again; when the steel pipe still cannot be sent to the design depth after reaming, the hole wall can be consolidated by grouting and then re-drilled to install the steel pipe. The seamless steel pipe has a specification of DN50×5 mm, a length of 6.3 m, the front end is processed into a conical shape, 1 row of grouting holes is drilled on the pipe wall, the hole diameter is 10 mm, the hole spacing is 250 mm, and they are arranged in a straight line. Leave a non-drilled grouting stop section of 150 cm at the tail. When pushing the steel pipe, adjust the angle of the grouting holes on the pipe wall so that it is along the diameter direction of the external contour of the roadway. Weld 1 quick joint in advance at the exposed end of the steel pipe for connecting the grouting pipe;

[0063] S4. Installation of longitudinal reinforcement bundles. Push the pre-welded longitudinal reinforcement bundles into the seamless steel pipe to the design depth, 300 mm inside the hole opening. The longitudinal reinforcement bundles include 4 φ6 mm grade III steel bars and 7 fixing rings made of φ6 mm grade II steel bars. The fixing rings are evenly distributed and are spot-welded to the longitudinal steel bars, set at a spacing of 1.0 m, and the total length of the reinforcement bundle is 6.0 m;

[0064] S5. Continue to construct the remaining boreholes, push seamless steel pipes into the boreholes, and install longitudinal reinforcement bundles in the seamless steel pipes;

[0065] S6. After all the steel pipes and reinforcement bundles are installed in place, start the grouting operation;

[0066] S7. Grouting operation. Connect the grouting pipeline to the quick joint of the seamless steel pipe through the joint. Use a grouting machine to inject the cement-sodium silicate double slurry (the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 1:1, the volume ratio of the cement slurry to the sodium silicate is 1:0.5, the modulus of the sodium silicate is preferably 2.4 - 3.4, the concentration is 30 - 45 Baume degrees, and the grouting pressure is 1.5 - 2.0 MPa). After the grouting pressure stabilizes at 2 MPa, close the stop valve, stop the grouting, and start the grouting work for the next group of boreholes;

[0067] S8. After all the boreholes are grouted, wait for at least 24 h. After the slurry in the pipe starts to set, start the tunneling operation;

[0068] S9. The roadheader operates. First, drill and cut at the upper middle part of the cross-section. When the predetermined driving depth is reached, cut strip by strip from left to right, and finally brush the sides and clean the bottom.

[0069] S10. During cutting, follow the sequence of soft first, hard second, from top to bottom, and from right to left. Depending on the hardness of the coal and rock layers, leave 200 - 500 mm on both sides, and manually brush the sides to the designed rough cross-section.

[0070] S11. After the cutting reaches the designed cross-section, the worker stands under the well-supported shed beam and uses a long-handled tool to check for loose rocks. After confirming safety, use 80 - mm thick wooden boards and 60 - mm diameter steel pipes to build an operating platform.

[0071] S12. Lay the top net 1 and overlap it with the top net 1 of the previous shed by 100 mm.

[0072] S13. Install the top beam 21 and the leg 22.

[0073] S14. Install the support assembly 3 between the top beam 21 and the top net 1. Clamp both ends of the bottom plate 31 in the installation grooves of the two top beams 21 respectively, and then raise the support plate 32 through the support member 33, so that the top net 1 abuts against the roof wall of the roadway to form a stable support.

[0074] S15. Carry out the construction of cable anchor reinforcement.

[0075] In S15, it includes the following steps:

[0076] S151. Arrange four groups of grouting cable anchor bundles at intervals of 700 mm - 1000 mm between each top beam 21. The grouting cable anchor is a hollow grouting cable with a diameter of φ22 mm and a length of 6000 mm - 8500 mm. Two cable anchors in each group fix the top beam 21 on the roof 331 through a special cable anchor plate to enhance the overall stability of the steel support 2.

[0077] S152. Use a cable anchor drilling rig to construct the cable anchor holes to the designed depth according to the designed angle.

[0078] S153. Feed the anchoring agent into the hole, and then feed the grouting cable anchor to the designed depth for end anchoring. After both grouting cable anchors in a group are fed to the designed depth, install the cable anchor plate and the locking device, and use a cable anchor tensioning machine to tension to the designed pre-tightening force.

[0079] S154. Carry out the grouting operation. Connect the grouting machine pipeline to the grouting hole at the tail of the cable anchor. After ensuring that all joints are firmly connected, start grouting. The grout uses a cement-sodium silicate double grout (the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 1:1, the volume ratio of the cement slurry to the sodium silicate is 1:0.5, the modulus of the sodium silicate is preferably 2.4 - 3.4, the concentration is 30 - 45 Baume degrees, and the grouting pressure is 5 - 7 MPa).

[0080] After the grouting is completed, wait for the slurry pressure to stabilize for 45 minutes, then remove the grouting pipeline, tighten the plug at the tail of the anchor cable, and complete the construction of the anchor cable reinforcement for the roof beam 21.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine roadway support device, including a top net, a front-probing beam, multiple groups of steel supports, multiple groups of anchor cables, and a support assembly arranged between the top net and the steel supports for making the top net closely attached to the roof wall of the roadway, characterized in that, The steel support includes a top beam and legs. The top beam is an H-shaped steel. The support assembly includes: A bottom plate, which is arranged between two steel supports. The two ends of the bottom plate are respectively inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams. A support plate, which is arranged above the bottom plate and abuts against the top net. The support plate includes a middle plate and two side plates that are respectively slidably arranged at both ends of the middle plate. A pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plate and the middle plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the outer side of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism makes the side plate pop up, and the side plate moves to directly above the top beam. A support member, which is installed between the bottom plate and the support plate and is used to move the support plate away from or close to the bottom plate. The support assemblies on the front and back sides of the steel supports are arranged staggeredly, so that the left and right sides of the side plates are respectively in contact with the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support assemblies on the other side of the steel support.

2. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide rod is fixedly arranged on the side of the side plate close to the middle plate, and a chute for slidingly cooperating with the guide rod is provided on the middle plate.

3. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top surfaces of the guide rod, the side plate, and the middle plate are in the same plane.

4. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pop-up mechanism includes an elastic band and a triggering mechanism. The two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to the guide rod and the middle plate. The triggering mechanism is installed between the bottom plate and the support plate. In the initial state, the triggering mechanism blocks the side plate from popping up. When the side plate moves beyond the top surface of the top beam, the triggering mechanism no longer blocks the side plate from popping up.

5. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The triggering mechanism includes a stop bar fixedly installed on the bottom plate. A jack adapted to the stop bar is provided on the middle plate. A slot adapted to the stop bar is provided on the bottom surface of the guide rod. In the initial state, the top end of the stop bar passes through the jack and is inserted into the slot, thereby blocking the side plate from popping up.

6. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support member includes two top plates that are respectively slidably installed at the front and back ends of the middle plate. A driving member for controlling the lifting of the top plate relative to the bottom plate is installed between the top plate and the bottom plate.

7. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving member includes a first lead screw. The first lead screw passes through the bottom plate and meshes with the bottom plate. The top end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the top plate, and a driving head is installed at the bottom end of the first lead screw.

8. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, A second lead screw is meshed with the middle of the bottom plate. The top of the second lead screw is connected to a support plate that can abut against the bottom surface of the middle plate, and a driving head is also installed at the bottom end of the second lead screw.

9. The coal mine roadway support equipment according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Installation grooves are provided on both the left and right sides of the side plate. Connecting hooks are elastically hinged in the installation grooves. When one side plate slides backward against another side plate, the connecting hooks on the two side plates are hooked to each other, thereby preventing the side plate from being pulled out forward.

10. A support method for a coal mine roadway support device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the hole positions. Step 2: Drill holes for construction. Step 3: Drill the holes to the designed depth, install the steel pipe, withdraw the drill rod, use a high-pressure air pipe to blow and wash the drill cuttings in the holes clean, and push the seamless steel pipe into the drilled holes to the predetermined position. Step 4: Push the longitudinally reinforced steel bar bundle welded in advance into the seamless steel pipe. Step 5: Connect the grouting pipeline to the quick connector of the seamless steel pipe through a joint for grouting, and wait for at least 24 hours. Step 6: The roadheader operates. After the cutting reaches the designed section, the worker stands under the well-supported shed beam and uses a long-handled tool to check for loose rocks to confirm safety. Step 7: Lay the top net and lap it with the top net of the previous shed. Step Eight: First, install the top beam and the support legs. Then, respectively clamp both ends of the bottom plate in the installation grooves of the two top beams. Next, use the support members to raise the side plates and the middle plate. When the side plates completely move out of the outer side of the top beam, the side plates pop out. The side plates move directly above the top beam. Finally, the side plates and the middle plate lift the top net so that the top net abuts against the roof wall of the roadway, forming a stable support. Step Nine: Use anchor cables to further fix the top beam and the support legs.

Images