Steam turbine device for step steam supply
By designing a single-cylinder single-axis steam turbine device, combined with a backpressure turbine and a steam compressor, high-pressure steam pressure reduction and low-pressure steam boosting are achieved, the problem of thermal energy loss in the prior art is solved, and efficient steam turbine and energy utilization are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510372661.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively reduce the waste of low-pressure steam emissions and the heat energy loss of high-pressure steam temperature reduction and pressure reduction in the class steam supply system.
A single-cylinder and single-axis steam turbine device is designed, combining a backpressure steam turbine and a steam compressor. Through high-pressure steam pressure reduction and low-pressure steam boosting, the steam turbine side flow and the steam compressor side consume steam power to achieve high-efficiency steam turbine.
This device reduces span and equipment connection losses and reduces bearing losses, and achieves cost-reduction and efficiency-enhancing effects, and realizes absolute pressure operation through the steam seal structure to avoid steam loss and improve the utilization rate of steam and heat energy.
Smart Images
Figure CN120100537A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of steam turbines, and in particular to a steam turbine device for staged steam supply. Background Art
[0002] As society develops faster and faster, the steam pressure required by industry becomes more and more variable. In order to better improve energy efficiency, more and more class steam supply is advocated. In order to reduce the waste of low-pressure steam emissions and the heat energy loss of high-pressure steam cooling and pressure reduction, a single-cylinder and single-shaft steam turbine device is invented to reduce the pressure of high-pressure steam and increase the pressure of low-pressure steam to meet user needs. Summary of the invention
[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a steam turbine device for step-by-step steam supply, which can better meet the needs of users by combining high-pressure steam decompression and low-pressure steam pressurization.
[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0005] A steam turbine device for staged steam supply comprises a cylinder of a back-pressure steam turbine, a cylinder of a steam compressor and an exhaust chamber, wherein the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine and the cylinder of the steam compressor are respectively mounted on front and rear bearing seats of the steam turbine device, the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber, and the exhaust chamber is connected to the cylinder of the steam compressor, the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, the cylinder of the steam compressor and the exhaust chamber constitute the cylinder of the steam turbine device to form an integrated structure of a single cylinder, a turbine end seal is mounted on the rotor of the steam turbine device located outside the back-pressure steam turbine, and a steam compressor end seal is mounted on the rotor of the steam turbine device located outside the steam compressor.
[0006] Preferably, a nozzle, a holding ring, and a back-pressure steam turbine main shaft are installed in the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, stationary blades are installed on the holding ring, and several stages of moving blades are installed on the back-pressure steam turbine main shaft. The cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, and the steam outlet of the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber. After being ejected through the nozzle, the high-pressure steam is turned or accelerated through the stationary blades, and then expands and does work through the moving blades of each stage, and finally the steam flows to the exhaust chamber after passing through the last-stage moving blades.
[0007] Preferably, a guide body and a steam compressor main shaft are installed in the steam compressor cylinder, impeller blades are installed on the steam compressor main shaft, the steam compressor cylinder is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, the steam outlet of the steam compressor cylinder is connected to the exhaust chamber, and the low-pressure steam is directed by the guide body of the steam compressor and then compressed by the impeller blades, so that the pressure of the low-pressure steam increases and is finally discharged to the exhaust chamber.
[0008] Preferably, the rotor of the steam turbine device includes a main shaft of the steam turbine device, and the main shaft of the steam turbine device includes a back-pressure steam turbine main shaft and a steam compressor main shaft. The main shaft of the steam turbine device is a single-axis integrated structure, and the main shaft speed can be 1500rpm, 3000rpm or other speeds.
[0009] Preferably, the rotating parts of the back-pressure steam turbine constitute a steam turbine rotor, the rotating parts of the steam compressor constitute a steam compressor rotor, and the steam turbine rotor and the steam compressor rotor together form a rotor of the steam turbine device. According to the operating conditions, the steam turbine rotor adopts one of a set rotor, a whole forged rotor and a combined rotor, and the steam compressor rotor also adopts one of a set rotor, a whole forged rotor and a combined rotor, and the steam turbine rotor, the steam compressor rotor and the main shaft in the exhaust chamber can be made in one piece.
[0010] Preferably, the steam seal at the turbine end is installed on the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, and the steam seal at the steam compressor end is installed on the cylinder of the steam compressor. The steam seal at the turbine end and the steam seal at the steam compressor end both include a steam seal body, a steam seal ring and a spring assembly. The steam seal ring is installed in the mounting groove in the steam seal body via the spring assembly. A steam sealing structure is formed between the steam seal ring and the rotor. The steam seal at the turbine end and the steam compressor end are both multi-stage arranged.
[0011] Furthermore, the steam sealing structure between the steam seal ring and the rotor adopts one or more of comb-tooth type, honeycomb type, side-tooth type, brush type and contact type sealing.
[0012] Preferably, the steam turbine device has a turbine end bearing and a steam compressor end bearing at both ends of the rotor, and the bearing pads of the turbine end bearing and the steam compressor end bearing are elliptical pads or tilting pads.
[0013] Preferably, the turbine end bearing and the steam compressor end bearing are respectively mounted on front and rear bearing seats, the two bearing seats are arranged on a seat frame, and the rotor of the steam turbine device is horizontally mounted on the two bearing seats.
[0014] Furthermore, one side of the rotor of the steam turbine device is connected to the gear box via a coupling, and the gear box is connected to the asynchronous generator via a coupling, or the rotor of the steam turbine device is directly connected to the asynchronous generator via a coupling.
[0015] The steam turbine device for staged steam supply provided by the present invention first utilizes the flow at the turbine end to reduce the pressure of high-pressure steam and expand it to do work, and at the same time utilizes the steam compressor end to increase the low-pressure steam and consume steam power, and then the exhaust chamber mixes the steam after the back-pressure turbine is depressurized and the steam after the steam compressor is pressurized through the exhaust chamber and is discharged.
[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1. The steam turbine and steam compressor are designed to have the same cylinder and axis to reduce the span of the entire turbine unit, reduce equipment connection losses, reduce bearing losses, etc., to achieve the effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency;
[0018] 2. Use the steam seal at the end of the steam turbine and the steam seal at the end of the steam compressor to isolate the atmosphere, so as to realize the operation of the single-cylinder single-shaft steam turbine device under absolute pressure, avoid steam loss, and improve the utilization rate of steam and heat energy;
[0019] 3. Compact structure, easy to use, high working efficiency, effectively solve the problem of multiple steam demands of users, reduce energy waste, and meet the class steam supply needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a steam turbine device for stage steam supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a steam turbine device for stage steam supply according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0022] In the figure, 01-the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, 02-the cylinder of the steam compressor, 03-the exhaust chamber, 04-the steam seal at the end of the steam turbine, 05-the steam seal at the end of the steam compressor, 06-the bearing at the end of the steam turbine, 07-the bearing at the end of the steam compressor, 08-the rotor of the steam turbine device, 09-the first coupling, 10-the gear box, 11-the second coupling, 12-the asynchronous generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0024] Embodiment 1:
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a steam turbine device for staged steam supply, comprising a cylinder 01 of a back-pressure steam turbine, a cylinder 02 of a steam compressor, and an exhaust chamber 03, wherein the cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine and the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor are respectively mounted on front and rear bearing seats, the cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber 03, and the exhaust chamber 03 is connected to the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor, the cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine, the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor, and the exhaust chamber 03 constitute the cylinder of the steam turbine device, forming a single-cylinder integrated structure, a turbine end seal 04 is mounted on the rotor 08 of the steam turbine device located outside the back-pressure steam turbine, and a steam compressor end seal 05 is mounted on the rotor 08 of the steam turbine device located outside the steam compressor.
[0026] Specifically, a nozzle, a holding ring, and a back-pressure steam turbine main shaft are installed in the cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine, a stationary blade is installed on the holding ring, and a plurality of stages of moving blades are installed on the back-pressure steam turbine main shaft. The cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, and the steam outlet of the cylinder 01 of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber 03. After being ejected through the nozzle, the high-pressure steam is turned or accelerated through the stationary blades, and then expands and performs work through the moving blades of each stage, and finally the steam flows to the exhaust chamber after passing through the last-stage moving blades.
[0027] Specifically, a guide body and a main shaft of the steam compressor are installed in the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor, impeller blades are installed on the main shaft of the steam compressor, and the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, and the steam outlet of the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor is connected to the exhaust chamber 03. After the low-pressure steam is adjusted in direction by the guide body of the steam compressor, it is compressed by the rotation of the impeller blades, so that the pressure of the low-pressure steam is increased, and finally discharged to the exhaust chamber.
[0028] The steam turbine device for steam supply of this stage uses the flow at the turbine end to reduce the pressure of high-pressure steam and expand it to do work, and at the same time uses the steam compressor end to increase the low-pressure steam and consume steam power. Then the exhaust chamber mixes the steam after the back pressure steam turbine is reduced in pressure and the steam after the steam compressor is increased in pressure and discharged through the exhaust chamber. At the same time, the steam turbine, exhaust chamber and steam compressor are designed as an integrated installation structure, which simplifies the production, reduces the cost and improves the energy efficiency.
[0029] In this embodiment, the rotor 08 of the steam turbine device includes the main shaft of the steam turbine device, and the main shaft of the steam turbine device includes the back-pressure steam turbine main shaft and the steam compressor main shaft. The main shaft of the steam turbine device is a single-axis integrated structure, and the main shaft speed can be 1500rpm, 3000rpm or other speeds. It has high structural strength and smooth rotation.
[0030] In this embodiment, all rotating parts of the steam turbine, such as the main shaft and moving blades of the back-pressure steam turbine, constitute the steam turbine rotor. All rotating parts of the steam compressor, such as the main shaft and impeller blades of the steam compressor, constitute the steam compressor rotor. The steam turbine rotor and the steam compressor rotor together form the rotor of the steam turbine device. According to the operating conditions, the steam turbine rotor and the steam compressor rotor are designed as a set rotor, a whole forged rotor or a combined rotor structure, and the steam turbine rotor, the steam compressor rotor and the main shaft in the exhaust chamber can be made in one piece, including but not limited to the scheme of making a whole forged rotor. Among them, the impeller, shaft seal sleeve, coupling and other components of the set rotor and the main shaft are manufactured separately, and then hot-fitted on the main shaft. Interference fit is adopted between each component and the main shaft, and torque is transmitted by key. The set rotor is suitable for medium and low parameter steam turbines and medium and low pressure parts of high parameter steam turbines, and the operating temperature is generally below 400°C. The impeller, main shaft and other main parts of the whole forged rotor are made of integral blanks, without hot-fit parts, and the center of the main shaft is usually drilled with a center hole. Integrally forged rotors are suitable for high-pressure rotors of small and medium-sized steam turbines and rotors of large steam turbines (high-pressure rotors of high-parameter or ultra-high-parameter units). Combined rotors are based on the different working conditions of each section. On the same rotor, the high-pressure part adopts an integral forging structure, and the medium and low-pressure parts adopt a set structure, thus combining the advantages of integrally forged rotors and set rotors. Combined rotors are widely used in high-parameter, medium-power steam turbines.
[0031] In this embodiment, the steam seal 04 at the steam turbine end is installed on the cylinder 01 of the back pressure steam turbine, and the steam seal 05 at the steam compressor end is installed on the cylinder 02 of the steam compressor, so as to isolate the atmosphere. The steam seal 04 at the steam turbine end and the steam seal 05 at the steam compressor end both include a seal body, a seal ring and a spring assembly, and the seal ring is installed in the mounting groove in the seal body through the spring assembly, and the seal ring and the rotor form a comb-tooth, honeycomb, side-tooth, brush or contact seal. Among them, the comb-tooth seal is to evenly install comb teeth on the steam seal ring, and the comb-tooth structure forms a seal with the steam seal sheet embedded on the rotor or the processed steam seal groove; the honeycomb seal is based on the comb-tooth seal, and is a honeycomb structure composed of small honeycomb holes of regular hexahedrons on the inner surface of the steam seal ring; the side-tooth seal is based on the comb-tooth seal, and 1-2 side teeth and bottom teeth are set on the comb teeth of the steam seal ring; the brush seal includes a brush body and a brush wire, the brush body is fixedly installed, and the brush wire is set on the brush body. The brush wire is composed of multiple metal wires and is in active contact with the rotor. The contact surface of the brush wire and the rotor forms an inclined angle and forms an adaptive seal; the contact seal is based on the comb-tooth seal, and the sealing teeth that are in close contact with the shaft are embedded in the center of the steam seal ring. According to the operating conditions of the steam turbine device, the appropriate steam seal form is selected, which can not only withstand a large pressure difference, but also help reduce the steam leakage at the shaft end.
[0032] Furthermore, the steam seal 04 at the steam turbine end and the steam seal 05 at the steam compressor end both adopt a multi-stage design to reduce steam leakage at the shaft end, isolate the cylinder from the atmosphere, and enable the steam turbine device to operate under absolute pressure conditions.
[0033] In this embodiment, the steam turbine device rotor 08 has a steam turbine end bearing 06 and a steam compressor end bearing 07 at both ends, and the bearing pads are in the form of elliptical pads or tilting pads, with a firm structure and stable support. The steam turbine end bearing 06 and the steam compressor end bearing 07 are respectively installed on the front and rear bearing seats, and the two bearing seats are arranged on the seat frame, and the steam turbine device rotor 08 is horizontally installed on the two bearing seats.
[0034] During specific implementation, the cylinder at the turbine end reduces the high-pressure steam pressure to the exhaust chamber 03 and outputs power, and the cylinder at the steam compressor end pressurizes the low-pressure steam pressure to the exhaust chamber 03 and consumes power. At the same time, the exhaust steam of the cylinder at the turbine end and the cylinder at the steam compressor end is mixed through the exhaust chamber 03 and then discharged into the medium-pressure steam.
[0035] Embodiment 2:
[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the main structure of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: one side of the rotor 08 of the steam turbine device is connected to the gear box through the first coupling, and the gear box is connected to the asynchronous generator through the second coupling, or the rotor of the steam turbine device is directly connected to the asynchronous generator. When the main shaft speed of the steam turbine device is different from that of the generator, a gear box connection transition is required in the middle, and when the main shaft speed of the steam turbine device is the same as that of the generator, a gear box connection is not required, that is, at this time, the rotor of the steam turbine device can be directly connected to the generator through the coupling.
[0037] The main shaft power consumption of the steam compressor is first provided by the output power of the back-pressure steam turbine main shaft. When the output power of the back-pressure steam turbine is greater than the power consumption of the compressor main shaft, electricity can be generated by an asynchronous generator; when the output power of the back-pressure steam turbine is less than the power consumption of the compressor main shaft, the shortfall is provided by the asynchronous generator to satisfy the energy conservation of the device.
[0038] The present invention may also have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.
Claims
1. A steam turbine device for stage steam supply, characterized in that: It includes a cylinder of a back-pressure steam turbine, a cylinder of a steam compressor, and an exhaust chamber, wherein the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine and the cylinder of the steam compressor are respectively mounted on front and rear bearing seats of a steam turbine device, the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber, and the exhaust chamber is connected to the cylinder of the steam compressor, the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, the cylinder of the steam compressor, and the exhaust chamber constitute the cylinder of the steam turbine device to form an integrated structure of a single cylinder, a turbine end seal is mounted on the rotor of the steam turbine device located outside the back-pressure steam turbine, and a steam compressor end seal is mounted on the rotor of the steam turbine device located outside the steam compressor.
2. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A nozzle, a holding ring and a back-pressure steam turbine main shaft are installed in the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, stationary blades are installed on the holding ring, and a plurality of stages of moving blades are installed on the back-pressure steam turbine main shaft. The cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, and the steam outlet of the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the exhaust chamber.
3. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide body and a steam compressor main shaft are installed in the steam compressor cylinder, impeller blades are installed on the steam compressor main shaft, the steam compressor cylinder is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, and the steam outlet of the steam compressor cylinder is connected to the exhaust chamber.
4. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor of the steam turbine device comprises a main shaft of the steam turbine device, and the main shaft of the steam turbine device comprises a back-pressure steam turbine main shaft and a steam compressor main shaft. The main shaft of the steam turbine device is a single-axis integrated structure.
5. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating parts of the back-pressure steam turbine constitute the turbine rotor, and the rotating parts of the steam compressor constitute the steam compressor rotor. The turbine rotor and the steam compressor rotor together form the rotor of the steam turbine device. The steam turbine rotor adopts one of a set rotor, an integral forged rotor and a combined rotor, and the steam compressor rotor adopts one of a set rotor, an integral forged rotor and a combined rotor.
6. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam seal at the steam turbine end is installed on the cylinder of the back-pressure steam turbine, and the steam seal at the steam compressor end is installed on the cylinder of the steam compressor. The steam seal at the steam turbine end and the steam seal at the steam compressor end both include a steam seal body, a steam seal ring and a spring assembly. The steam seal ring is installed in the mounting groove in the steam seal body via the spring assembly. A steam sealing structure is formed between the steam seal ring and the rotor. The steam seal at the steam turbine end and the steam compressor end are both multi-stage arranged.
7. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing structure between the steam seal ring and the rotor adopts one or more of comb-tooth type, honeycomb type, side-tooth type, brush type and contact type sealing.
8. The steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam turbine device has a steam turbine end bearing and a steam compressor end bearing at both ends of the rotor. The bearing bushings of the steam turbine end bearing and the steam compressor end bearing are elliptical bushings or tilting bushings.
9. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to claim 8, characterized in that: The turbine end bearing and the steam compressor end bearing are respectively installed on the front and rear bearing seats, the two bearing seats are arranged on the seat frame, and the rotor of the steam turbine device is horizontally installed on the two bearing seats.
10. A steam turbine device for staged steam supply according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: One side of the rotor of the steam turbine device is connected to the gear box through a coupling, and the gear box is connected to the asynchronous generator through a coupling, or the rotor of the steam turbine device is directly connected to the asynchronous generator through a coupling.