Turbine, air compressor, and fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a turbine, an air compressor and a fuel cell, the turbine comprises a driving mechanism and a volute, and the driving mechanism is provided with an output shaft; an adjusting assembly and a guide blade are arranged in the volute, the guide blade is in transmission connection with the adjusting assembly, the driving mechanism is installed on the volute, and one end of the output shaft extends into the volute to be in transmission connection with the adjusting assembly so as to be used for adjusting the opening angle of the guide blade. According to the turbine, the output shaft of the driving mechanism of the turbine extends into the volute to be in transmission connection with the adjusting assembly, the volute can protect the output shaft and is used for isolating external cold air, the cold starting capacity of the turbine is improved, and the icing probability of the output shaft is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air compressors, and in particular to a turbine, an air compressor and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] In the related technology, the output shaft of the turbine's actuator is connected to the rotating shaft in the volute through a connecting rod. The fuel cell stack needs to operate under a certain humidity, so there will be a large amount of water vapor and liquid water droplets inside the turbine. The connecting rod is exposed to the air and will freeze in a low temperature environment, making the connecting rod unable to rotate, causing the actuator to be unable to drive the connecting rod, and then causing the turbine to fail to start. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a turbine, wherein the output shaft of the driving mechanism extends into the volute and is transmission-connected with the adjusting assembly, and the volute can protect the output shaft and isolate it from the cold air outside, thereby improving the cold start capability of the turbine and reducing the probability of the output shaft freezing.

[0004] The present invention also provides an air compressor having the turbine.

[0005] The present invention also provides a fuel cell having the above air compressor.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a turbine comprises: a driving mechanism having an output shaft; a volute, wherein an adjusting assembly and guide vanes are arranged in the volute, wherein the guide vanes are transmission-connected to the adjusting assembly, the driving mechanism is mounted on the volute, and one end of the output shaft extends into the volute and is transmission-connected to the adjusting assembly for adjusting the opening angle of the guide vanes.

[0007] According to the turbine of the embodiment of the present invention, the output shaft of the driving mechanism of the turbine extends into the volute and is transmission-connected with the adjusting assembly. The volute can protect the output shaft and isolate it from the cold air from the outside, thereby improving the cold start capability of the turbine and reducing the probability of the output shaft freezing.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further comprises: a first seal, wherein the first seal is located between the driving mechanism and the volute and is used to seal a gap between the driving mechanism and the volute.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further includes: a coupling, a connecting channel is formed on the volute, one end of the output shaft extends into the connecting channel, the adjusting assembly includes a rotating shaft and an adjusting member, the adjusting member is located in the volute, one end of the rotating shaft extends into the connecting channel, and the other end is transmission-connected to the adjusting member, the coupling is located in the connecting channel, and is connected between the rotating shaft and the output shaft.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further includes: a second seal, the second seal is located in the connecting channel, and the second seal is located on a side of the coupling close to the adjusting member, so as to seal the assembly gap between the rotating shaft and the volute.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further comprises: a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is located in the connecting channel and is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft, wherein the sleeve is spaced apart from the coupling in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the second seal is located between the coupling and the sleeve.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second sealing member includes an oil seal, and two axial ends of the oil seal are respectively in contact with the coupling and the shaft sleeve.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further comprises: a third seal, wherein in the radial direction of the rotating shaft, the third seal is located between the sleeve and the rotating shaft.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine further includes: a Hall sensor, the driving mechanism includes a controller and an actuator, the controller is used to control the activity of the actuator, the actuator has the output shaft, the Hall sensor is connected to the controller, and the Hall sensor is used to obtain the opening angle of the guide vane.

[0015] An air compressor according to an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention comprises: the turbine according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, and a compressor, wherein the compressor is coaxially arranged with the turbine.

[0016] According to the air compressor of the embodiment of the present invention, by providing the above-mentioned turbine, the mechanical energy generated by the turbine can drive the compressor to compress air, thereby improving the efficiency of the compressor when compressing air.

[0017] The fuel cell according to the third aspect of the present invention comprises: the air compressor of the second aspect of the present invention; a cell stack, wherein the output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the cell stack, and the output end of the cell stack is connected to the input end of the turbine.

[0018] According to the fuel cell of an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned air compressor is set, and the air compressor is arranged in the fuel cell. The compressor compresses fresh air into the battery stack, and the exhaust gas in the battery stack is discharged into the turbine to recover the remaining energy. The turbine drives the compressor to compress the air, thereby improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a working process of a fuel cell according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a turbine according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 100. Fuel cells;

[0025] 11. Battery stack; 12. Filter; 13. Intercooler; 14. Humidifier; 15. Muffler;

[0026] 20. Air compressor; 21. Air compressor; 22. Turbine;

[0027] 31. driving mechanism; 311. output shaft;

[0028] 41. volute; 411. connecting passage;

[0029] 51. Adjustment assembly; 511. Rotating shaft; 512. Adjustment member; 52. First sealing member; 53. Coupling; 54. Second sealing member; 55. Bushing; 56. Third sealing member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 2 A turbine 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0034] According to the turbine 22 of the first aspect of the present invention, the turbine 22 includes a driving mechanism 31 and a volute 41, the driving mechanism 31 is installed on the outer side of the volute 41, the driving mechanism 31 has an output shaft 311, one end of the output shaft 311 extends into the volute 41, an adjusting component 51 and a guide vane are provided in the volute 41, the guide vane is transmission-connected to the adjusting component 51, and one end of the output shaft 311 is transmission-connected to the adjusting component 51, the output shaft 311 is used to drive the movement of the adjusting component 51, and the adjusting component 51 can adjust the opening angle of the guide vane when it is active. The opening angle of the guide vane is different, and the gas flow rate entering the volute 41 is different. If the opening angle of the guide vane is larger, the gas flow rate entering the volute 41 is larger; if the opening angle of the guide vane is smaller, the gas flow rate entering the volute 41 is smaller. The driving mechanism 31 can adjust the adjusting component 51 according to the gas flow rate entering the turbine 22 required by the turbine 22, so that the adjusting component 51 adjusts the opening angle of the guide vane.

[0035] The turbine 22 is a variable geometry turbine, and turbine blades are also provided in the volute 41. Guide vanes are located at the opening of the volute 41. The guide vanes guide the fluid (such as steam, gas or air) entering the turbine 22 to impact the turbine blades at an optimal angle, thereby improving the efficiency and performance of the turbine 22.

[0036] The turbine 22 is applied to the fuel cell 100. The exhaust gas and waste water flowing out from the output end of the fuel cell 100 can enter the volute 41 to drive the turbine blades to rotate, converting the thermal energy and kinetic energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical energy, which can be used to drive generators, compressors, pumps and other equipment, and is used for secondary utilization of the exhaust gas and waste water of the fuel cell 100 to improve the application efficiency of the fuel cell 100.

[0037] In the related art, the output shaft 311 of the driving mechanism 31 is connected to the adjusting assembly 51 through a connecting rod. The stack of the fuel cell 100 needs to operate under a certain humidity, so there will be a large amount of water vapor and liquid water droplets inside the turbine 22. The connecting rod is exposed to the air, and ice will appear in a low temperature environment, making the connecting rod unable to rotate, causing the driving mechanism 31 to be unable to drive the connecting rod, and then causing the turbine 22 to be unable to start. In the present invention, the output shaft 311 of the driving mechanism 31 directly extends into the volute 41. The volute 41 can protect the output shaft 311 and isolate it from the cold air outside, thereby improving the cold start capability of the turbine 22 and reducing the probability of the output shaft 311 freezing.

[0038] According to the turbine 22 of the embodiment of the present invention, the output shaft 311 of the driving mechanism 31 of the turbine 22 extends into the volute 41 and is transmission-connected with the adjusting assembly 51. The volute 41 can protect the output shaft 311 and isolate it from the cold air from the outside, thereby improving the cold start capability of the turbine 22 and reducing the probability of the output shaft 311 freezing.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 also includes: a first seal 52, which is located between the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41, and is used to seal the gap between the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41 to prevent water and dust in the external environment from entering the volute 41, thereby improving the safety of the turbine 22 during operation.

[0040] For example, the first seal 52 can be a sealing ring, which seals between the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41. The sealing ring can be made of plastic, which can make the sealing ring have a certain elasticity and increase the sealing effect of the first seal 52; specifically, the material of the sealing ring can be polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene or polyethylene, etc.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, an annular groove opening toward the volute 41 may be provided on the housing of the driving mechanism 31, the annular groove is arranged around the output shaft 311, a portion of the sealing ring is located in the annular groove, and a portion of the sealing ring extends out of the annular groove, and the annular groove is used to limit the installation position of the sealing ring. When the driving mechanism 31 is installed on the volute 41, the sealing ring may be arranged at the connection between the housing of the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41, and is used to seal the assembly gap between the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41, so as to prevent water and dust in the external environment from entering the interior of the volute 41.

[0042] An annular groove opening toward the drive mechanism 31 may also be provided on the volute 41, the annular groove is arranged around the opening of the volute 41, a portion of the sealing ring is located in the annular groove, and a portion extends out of the annular groove, and the annular groove is used to limit the installation position of the sealing ring. When the drive mechanism 31 is installed on the volute 41, the sealing ring can be arranged at the connection between the housing of the drive mechanism 31 and the volute 41, and is used to seal the assembly gap between the drive mechanism 31 and the volute 41, so as to prevent water and dust in the external environment from entering the interior of the volute 41.

[0043] A first annular groove opening toward the volute 41 may also be provided on the housing of the driving mechanism 31, and a second annular groove opening toward the driving mechanism 31 may also be provided on the volute 41, and the first annular groove and the second annular groove are arranged opposite to each other, and the axial ends of the sealing ring are respectively located in the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the first annular groove and the second annular groove are used to limit the installation position of the sealing ring. When the driving mechanism 31 is installed on the volute 41, the sealing ring may be arranged at the connection between the housing of the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41, and is used to seal the assembly gap between the driving mechanism 31 and the volute 41, so as to prevent water and dust in the external environment from entering the interior of the volute 41.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 also includes: a coupling 53, a connecting channel 411 is formed on the volute 41, the volute 41 has a certain thickness, and the connecting channel 411 formed on the volute 41 has a certain size. One end of the output shaft 311 extends into the connecting channel 411 and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the connecting channel 411 to limit the position of the output shaft 311.

[0045] The adjusting assembly 51 includes a rotating shaft 511 and an adjusting member 512. The adjusting member 512 is located in the volute 41. The adjusting member 512 is used to adjust the opening angle of the guide vane. The adjusting member 512 is located in the volute 41. One end of the rotating shaft 511 extends into the connecting channel 411. The other end of the rotating shaft 511 is drivingly connected to the adjusting member 512. The coupling 53 is located in the connecting channel 411 and is connected between the rotating shaft 511 and the output shaft 311, that is, the coupling 53 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 511 and the output shaft 311. The coupling 53 includes an outer ring and an inner ring. The outer ring of the coupling 53 is fixedly connected to the peripheral wall of the connecting channel 411. For example, the coupling 53 can be interference fit in the connecting channel 411. The inner ring of the coupling 53 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the rotating shaft 511 and the output shaft 311. For example, the rotating shaft 511 and the output shaft 311 can be interference fit in the coupling 53.

[0046] By setting the coupling 53, when the output shaft 311 of the driving mechanism 31 rotates, the inner ring of the coupling 53 can be driven to rotate, and the inner ring of the coupling 53 can drive the rotating shaft 511 to rotate, so as to finally drive the adjusting member 512 to rotate, so that the adjusting member 512 can adjust the opening angle of the guide blade.

[0047] For example, the adjustment member 512 may be a shift fork.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 also includes: a second seal 54, which is located in the connecting channel 411, and the second seal 54 is located on the side of the coupling 53 close to the adjusting member 512, so as to seal the assembly gap between the rotating shaft 511 and the volute 41 to prevent water in the volute 41 from flowing out of the connecting channel 411.

[0049] For example, the second sealing member 54 may include an annular sealing ring, which surrounds the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 511 and is interference-fitted in the connecting channel 411, and is used to seal the gap between the rotating shaft 511 and the peripheral wall of the connecting channel 411 to prevent water in the volute 41 from flowing out of the connecting channel 411. The annular sealing ring may be made of plastic material, which may make the annular sealing ring have a certain elasticity and increase the sealing effect of the second sealing member 54; specifically, the material of the annular sealing ring may be polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene or polyethylene, etc.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, an annular groove with an opening toward the rotating shaft 511 is provided on the peripheral wall of the connecting passage 411, a portion of the annular sealing ring is located in the annular groove, and a portion thereof extends out of the annular groove, and the annular groove is used to limit the installation position of the annular sealing ring. When the rotating shaft 511 is installed in the connecting passage 411, the annular sealing ring is used to seal the assembly gap between the rotating shaft 511 and the volute 41, so as to prevent water in the volute 41 from leaking from the connecting passage 411.

[0051] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 further includes: a sleeve 55, the sleeve 55 is located in the connecting channel 411, and the sleeve 55 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 511. The rotating shaft 511 can rotate relative to the sleeve 55 when rotating, which can improve the smoothness of the rotating shaft 511 when rotating.

[0052] In the axial direction of the rotating shaft 511, the sleeve 55 is spaced apart from the coupling 53, and the second seal 54 is located between the coupling 53 and the sleeve 55. The coupling 53 and the sleeve 55 are spaced apart, which can limit the installation of the second seal 54, and the sleeve 55 can also prevent the second seal 54 from falling off the rotating shaft 511.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The second sealing member 54 includes an oil seal, and the axial ends of the oil seal are respectively in contact with the coupling 53 and the shaft sleeve 55. The coupling 53 and the shaft sleeve 55 can compress the oil seal, causing the oil seal to deform, thereby further increasing the sealing effect.

[0054] The oil seal can prevent the leakage of lubricating oil or hydraulic oil in the volute 41 and prevent external pollutants from entering the volute 41. The oil seal includes a skeleton, a rubber body, a lip, a spring and a dust lip. The skeleton provides support and shape and is usually made of metal (such as steel or aluminum alloy) or plastic. The rubber body is in contact with the rotating shaft 511 and is usually made of oil-resistant rubber material (such as NBR nitrile rubber, fluororubber, silicone rubber, etc.) with good elasticity and wear resistance. The spring is located on one or more elastic lips on the rubber body, which are tightly attached to the rotating shaft 511 to form a sealing surface; the spring is embedded in the lip to maintain close contact between the lip and the rotating shaft 511 to ensure the sealing effect. The spring can also compensate for dimensional changes caused by wear and temperature changes. The dust lip is used to prevent external dust and impurities from entering the interior of the equipment.

[0055] The oil seal forms a dynamic seal through the tiny gap between its lip and the rotating shaft 511. When the rotating shaft 511 rotates, the lip always maintains close contact with the surface of the rotating shaft 511 under the action of the spring, thereby effectively preventing the leakage of lubricating oil; at the same time, the dustproof lip can prevent external pollutants (such as dust, water vapor, etc.) from entering the volute 41, protecting the parts in the volute 41 from contamination and damage.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 further includes: a third seal 56, which is located between the sleeve 55 and the shaft 511 in the radial direction of the shaft 511, and is used to seal the gap between the sleeve 55 and the shaft 511 to further prevent water leakage in the volute 41.

[0057] For example, the third sealing member 56 may be a sealing ring, which is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 511 and is used to seal the gap between the shaft sleeve 55 and the rotating shaft 511. The sealing ring may be made of plastic material, which may make the sealing ring have a certain elasticity and increase the sealing effect of the third sealing member 56; specifically, the sealing ring may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene or polyethylene.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, an annular groove opening toward the sleeve 55 may be provided on the rotating shaft 511, and the sealing ring is partially located in the annular groove and partially extends out of the annular groove. The annular groove is used to limit the installation position of the sealing ring. The sealing ring is used to seal the assembly gap between the rotating shaft 511 and the sleeve 55 to prevent water leakage in the volute 41.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The turbine 22 also includes: a Hall sensor, a driving mechanism 31 including a controller and an actuator, the controller is used to control the activity of the actuator, the actuator has an output shaft 311, the Hall sensor is connected to the controller, the Hall sensor is used to obtain the opening angle of the guide blade, the Hall sensor feeds back the obtained opening angle of the guide blade to the controller, the controller decides whether to change the opening angle of the guide blade according to the opening angle of the guide blade, and transmits the angle to be adjusted to the actuator, and the actuator adjusts the opening angle of the guide blade through the output shaft 311.

[0060] The air compressor 20 according to the second aspect embodiment of the present invention comprises: the turbine 22 and the compressor 21 of the first aspect embodiment of the present invention, the compressor 21 and the turbine 22 are coaxially arranged, the turbine 22 generates mechanical energy through the rotation of the turbine blades, the mechanical energy drives the connecting shaft between the compressor 21 and the turbine 22 to rotate, and can be directly used to drive the compressor 21, thereby improving the efficiency of the compressor 21 in compressing air.

[0061] According to the air compressor 20 of the embodiment of the present invention, by providing the turbine 22, the mechanical energy generated by the turbine 22 can drive the compressor 21 to compress air, thereby improving the efficiency of the compressor 21 in compressing air.

[0062] The fuel cell 100 according to the third aspect embodiment of the present invention comprises: the air compressor 20 and the battery stack 11 of the above-mentioned second aspect embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the compressor 21 is connected to the input end of the battery stack 11, and the output end of the battery stack 11 is connected to the input end of the turbine 22.

[0063] The compressor 21 compresses fresh air into the battery stack 11, and the exhaust gas generated by the reaction of hydrogen and air in the battery stack 11 is discharged into the turbine 22 to recover the remaining energy. The turbine 22 recovers the remaining energy to drive the compressor 21 to compress the air, thereby improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell 100.

[0064] According to the fuel cell 100 of an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned air compressor 20 is set, and the air compressor 20 is arranged in the fuel cell 100. The compressor 21 compresses fresh air to enter the battery stack 11, and the exhaust gas in the battery stack 11 is discharged into the turbine 22 to recover the remaining energy. The turbine 22 drives the compressor 21 to compress the air, thereby improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell 100.

[0065] In a specific example, the fuel cell 100 further includes: a filter 12, an intercooler 13, a humidifier 14 and a muffler 15. The filter 12 is located on the side of the compressor 21 away from the input end of the battery stack 11, and is used to filter the air entering the compressor 21. The intercooler 13 is located between the input end of the battery stack 11 and the compressor 21, and is used to reduce the temperature of the gas compressed by the compressor 21. The humidifier 14 is connected between the input end and the output end of the battery stack 11. The humidifier 14 is used to increase the humidity of the gas cooled by the intercooler 13, and the exhaust gas after the reaction of the battery stack 11 passes through the humidifier 14. The humidifier 14 can cool and humidify the exhaust gas, and then the exhaust gas enters the turbine 22 to recover the residual energy. When the turbine 22 recovers the residual energy, it can drive the compressor 21 to compress the air. The exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 22 passes through the muffler 15 to reduce the noise when the exhaust gas flows.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments", "optionally", "further" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A turbine (22), characterized in that: include: A driving mechanism (31), wherein the driving mechanism (31) has an output shaft (311); A volute (41), wherein an adjusting component (51) and a guide vane are arranged in the volute (41), wherein the guide vane is transmission-connected to the adjusting component (51), wherein the driving mechanism (31) is mounted on the volute (41), and one end of the output shaft (311) extends into the volute (41) and is transmission-connected to the adjusting component (51) so as to adjust the opening angle of the guide vane.

2. The turbine (22) according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: A first sealing member (52), wherein the first sealing member (52) is located between the driving mechanism (31) and the volute (41) and is used to seal a gap between the driving mechanism (31) and the volute (41).

3. The turbine (22) according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: A coupling (53) is formed on the volute (41) with a connecting channel (411), one end of the output shaft (311) extends into the connecting channel (411), the adjusting assembly (51) comprises a rotating shaft (511) and an adjusting member (512), the adjusting member (512) is located in the volute (41), one end of the rotating shaft (511) extends into the connecting channel (411), and the other end is drivingly connected to the adjusting member (512), the coupling (53) is located in the connecting channel (411), and is connected between the rotating shaft (511) and the output shaft (311).

4. The turbine (22) according to claim 3, characterized in that Also includes: A second sealing member (54), wherein the second sealing member (54) is located in the connecting passage (411), and the second sealing member (54) is located on a side of the coupling (53) close to the adjusting member (512), so as to seal an assembly gap between the rotating shaft (511) and the volute (41).

5. The turbine (22) according to claim 4, characterized in that Also includes: A shaft sleeve (55), wherein the shaft sleeve (55) is located in the connecting channel (411) and is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft (511); in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (511), the shaft sleeve (55) is spaced apart from the coupling (53); and the second sealing member (54) is located between the coupling (53) and the shaft sleeve (55).

6. The turbine (22) according to claim 5, characterized in that The second sealing member (54) comprises an oil seal, and two axial ends of the oil seal are respectively in contact with the coupling (53) and the shaft sleeve (55).

7. The turbine (22) according to claim 5, characterized in that Also includes: A third sealing member (56) is located between the shaft sleeve (55) and the rotating shaft (511) in the radial direction of the rotating shaft (511).

8. The turbine (22) according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: The driving mechanism (31) comprises a controller and an actuator, the controller is used to control the activity of the actuator, the actuator has the output shaft (311), the Hall sensor is connected to the controller, and the Hall sensor is used to obtain the opening angle of the guide vane.

9. An air compressor (20), characterized in that: include: The turbine (22) according to any one of claims 1 to 8; A compressor (21), wherein the compressor (21) and the turbine (22) are coaxially arranged.

10. A fuel cell (100), characterized in that: include: The air compressor (20) as claimed in claim 9; A battery stack (11), the output end of the compressor (21) is connected to the input end of the battery stack (11), and the output end of the battery stack (11) is connected to the input end of the turbine (22).

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