Detection device for expansion degree of expansion body anchoring structure and expansion degree of reaming drilling tool in construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for detecting the expansion degree of an expansion body anchoring structure and the expansion degree of a reaming drilling tool in construction, which comprises a system controller arranged outside a drill hole, and an angular displacement sensor and / or a linear displacement sensor arranged in the expansion body anchoring structure or the reaming drilling tool; a display is also included; the expanding body anchoring structure comprises a front disc, a rear disc, a folding rod and a hinge, the expanding drilling tool is an umbrella-shaped expanding drilling tool or a forward and reverse rotation retractable type expanding drilling tool, the umbrella-shaped expanding drilling tool comprises the front disc, the rear disc, a long rod, a short rod, a front hinge, a middle hinge, a rear hinge and a longitudinal column B, and the forward and reverse rotation retractable type expanding drilling tool comprises an expanding knife and an expanding knife hinge; the angular displacement sensor is arranged on the wall of a hinge / expanding knife hinge or a drill rod groove; and / or for the expansion anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor cannot be contacted by any component; and for the umbrella-shaped reaming drilling tool, the linear displacement sensor is fixed on the drilling rod and / or the longitudinal column B, or the front disc or the accessory component and / or the rear disc or the accessory component, and cannot be reached and contacted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering anchoring measurement and control equipment and pile foundation drilling and expansion construction equipment. Background Art

[0002] The prior art detects the expansion state of the umbrella cage in the anchor hole only by using a measuring rope / measuring rod to read the data outside the anchor hole, and obtains data outside the hole, not the expansion data of the umbrella cage itself in the anchor hole. Such an indirect method cannot directly reflect the real situation in the hole, and is relatively crude, difficult to standardize, and is subject to many human factors and prone to errors. The same is true for other methods such as variable diameter steel cages, which lack direct, convenient, error-prone mechanized, automated, and standardized methods. In addition, there are also various arrival indication devices set to indicate (mark) the umbrella cage re-expansion. Although the signal sent by the arrival indication device indicates (marks) that the expansion of the umbrella cage has reached 100%, due to factors such as material differences, installation errors, and mud and sand obstruction in the hole, it is often encountered that two components that should be close to each other fail to close to each other in the end or (because the reset spring is not long enough) rebound after closing (for example, the attached Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the variable diameter steel cage is expanded and when part of the umbrella cage is expanded, there are still two components that are close to each other but not necessarily close to each other, and there are even two components that are far away from each other (such as the expansion of the reverse folding umbrella cage), or because of the installation accuracy, the umbrella cage expansion degree reaches 100% when the components are not close to each other, but when the components are really close to each other, the umbrella cage shrinks, and when the rear plate of the forward folding umbrella cage slides forward beyond the standard line under the push of the return spring and continues to slide forward to become a reverse folding umbrella cage, the expansion degree of the umbrella cage is also reduced from 100% to less than 100% (such as the attached Fig.11 As shown), the actual expansion degree of the cage / reduced steel cage is unknown at this time. Even if it is estimated that the cage / reduced steel cage has not fully expanded, it is impossible to quantitatively describe the final expansion degree, and it is impossible to determine whether the actual expansion degree is unqualified, qualified or excellent. It is impossible to determine whether the deviation of the expansion degree can meet the design requirements. In this way, it is impossible to conduct quality acceptance of the cage / reinforcement cage expansion process immediately and in time, and it is impossible to meet the requirements of the construction quality acceptance specifications; therefore, the original method of judging whether the cage has expanded by the arrival indication signal can no longer adapt to engineering construction.

[0003] The applicant has tried to install the detection device on the anchoring tool for easy retrieval, but the anchoring tool itself has a small diameter and is not easy to install. In addition, the detection device is easily caught and scratched when the anchoring tool enters and exits the cage and drills, so this method is difficult to implement.

[0004] CN216410132U provides a solution for measuring the diameter of a pile hole, in which the main control module is located underground, and the inside and outside of the hole are connected through wireless communication. For the anchor hole, the mud environment where the electronic devices are located is more severe (the mud becomes cement slurry), and the wireless communication conditions are also poor. This technical path is not suitable for the detection of anchor bearing structures.

[0005] In addition, the existing drilling tools (referred to as reamer tools / reamers) used for anchor rod and pile foundation expansion construction also lack detection means for the opening degree of the expansion cutter (for example, the reamer tools of rotary drilling rigs and reverse circulation drilling rigs also lack corresponding instant detection tools during the expansion construction stage). Operators cannot know whether the reamer tools (reamers) are working properly outside the drilling hole. Although rope measurement methods using umbrella-shaped expansion head anchor structures can be used as a reference, it is inconvenient to operate and still lacks direct detection means. Other existing measurement and control equipment on the market basically detects the pile diameter, rather than the expansion anchor structure or the expansion drill tool itself, and most of them are post-construction detection. They cannot provide the expansion degree detection results for immediate construction guidance at the same time as the expansion anchor bearing structure is unlocked and expanded or at the same time as the expansion drill tool is expanding the hole, or cannot efficiently feedback the information on the expansion structure's own status to the error correction, rework, and accident handling personnel outside the hole, and cannot achieve information-based construction.

[0006] Also, under the existing measurement and control technology conditions of all expanded anchor bearing structures, equipment (such as attached) for measuring the stress and strain of the expanded anchor bearing structure during operation period is implanted in the anchor hole synchronously with the expanded anchor bearing structure. Fig.10 The pressure box shown in the figure) cannot obtain reliable information feedback on its installation status during the construction stage (after the expanded anchor bearing structure is implanted into the anchor hole expansion section), so it is impossible to predict whether the stress and strain measurement equipment can function normally during the future operation period. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide mechanized, automated, information-based and standardized measurement and control services for umbrella-shaped expansion anchor bearing structures and other expansion bearing structures in the construction state, and the expansion of reaming drill tools, so as to realize quantitative, real and accurate data description, and improve the previous primitive and crude technology of manually reading the measuring rope / measuring rod outside the hole, rather than avoiding the measurement in the hole and replacing it with the measurement outside the hole just for the sake of convenience, nor simply and roughly and qualitatively describe whether the umbrella cage has expanded (or whether the expansion has reached 100%), nor wait until the anchoring and umbrella planting tools / expansion tools are withdrawn from the anchor hole or even after grouting or the reaming drill tool is withdrawn from the borehole to measure the expansion degree (i.e., post-construction inspection, if the measurement is not carried out until then, it is very likely that the loss cannot be recovered; if the measurement is carried out at the same time as the umbrella cage expansion construction, if the expansion degree is unqualified, it can be processed again by the expansion tool or the umbrella cage can be dragged out of the anchor hole for disposal by the anchoring and umbrella planting tools); therefore, there is an urgent need to directly measure the relative displacement / distance values ​​of the components in the umbrella cage or other expansion structures themselves, so as to truly , quantitatively and accurately evaluate the expansion degree of the expansion structure. In other words, the original method of judging whether the umbrella cage has expanded (or whether it has expanded 100%) by detecting whether the two components are close to each other (i.e., whether they have reached contact) is too rough and no longer meets the requirements of the development of umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology. In reality, there is an urgent need to solve the problem of the distance value between the two components to instantly and accurately evaluate the expansion degree of the umbrella cage (the umbrella cage in a broad sense refers to the entire umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the umbrella cage in a narrow sense refers to the umbrella-shaped folding rod group and the front plate and rear plate). Cage structure, the umbrella cage used to evaluate the expansion degree refers to an umbrella-shaped folding rod group or also includes stirrups or film bags. The expansion degree of the umbrella cage refers to the radial size change of the umbrella cage after entering the anchor hole; the umbrella cage includes an umbrella cage of an umbrella-shaped expansion body anchoring structure or an umbrella cage of an umbrella-shaped hole expansion drilling tool; the umbrella-shaped expansion body anchoring structure, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the umbrella-shaped hole expansion drilling tool are usually referred to as umbrella cages. The umbrella-shaped hole expansion drilling tool has only two folding rods or two wings in its simplest form. Specifically, the present invention intends to adopt the following solutions to systematically and comprehensively solve the above-mentioned various problems:

[0008] A system controller is provided, which is installed outside the borehole; the system controller refers to the hardware necessary for running the control software, mainly including CPU, memory, input / output port, programming interface, other functional modules, etc., wherein the CPU includes an arithmetic unit (including a logic operation unit, a temporary register, a register, a processor, etc.), a controller (including a program counter, an instruction register, a decoder, a timer, etc.), etc., wherein the memory is the storage medium of the control program (i.e., a tangible carrier of the control program / software, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a disk or an optical disk, etc., which can store program codes) Medium. The external form of the system controller includes but is not limited to CPU / single-chip microcomputer / development board / main control board / integrated block / PLC / processor, which is a control system / integrated control platform / master control machine for the in-hole ranging module, usually with a display or control panel and buttons. The system controller can be placed independently in the hands of an operator (wired or wireless), or it can be assembled into an operating panel, operating platform, operating room, etc. of an anchor drilling rig or pile driver. The system controller of the present application can be implemented using any existing technology, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or even a smart terminal. The drilled hole can be an anchor hole implanted in an expanded anchoring structure, or it can be an anchor hole or pile hole drilled and expanded by an expansion drill.

[0009] An angular displacement sensor and / or a linear displacement sensor are also provided, and the angular displacement sensor and the linear displacement sensor are installed in the expansion anchor structure or the reaming drill, and are connected to the system controller (communication or communication and power); the reaming drill is used for reaming during drilling, and will be withdrawn from the borehole after the reaming is completed, while the expansion anchor structure will be permanently left in the reaming section of the borehole as a bearing structure. The communication connection described in this application includes various network communication connection methods such as the Internet / local area network, wired methods include various types such as telephone lines, serial ports, USB, network cables, optical fibers, etc., and wireless methods include various types such as radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, satellites, etc. The wired system controller is also called a wire controller, and is also called a remote control when wirelessly connected. The expanded body anchoring structure, i.e., the expanded body anchoring bearing structure, refers to a bearing structure that relies on expanded body reinforcement to enhance the anchoring effect in the rock and soil mass. It is a pull-out resistant structure installed in the anchor hole of the expanded body section. Its cross-sectional size after expansion is larger than the cross-sectional size of the anchor hole of the non-expanded body section. It includes but is not limited to umbrella-shaped expanding devices / equipment, umbrella-shaped steel cages, various variable diameter steel cages, etc. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of applications on umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry. The expansion drill is also called an expander. The present invention mainly includes an umbrella expander, a radial folding expander expander, etc., which are all prior art. Angular displacement sensors are also called angular displacement sensors / angle sensors; linear displacement sensors are also called linear displacement sensors or distance sensors. Distance sensors are usually laser ranging sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, or infrared ranging sensors. Angular displacement sensors and linear displacement sensors enter the drill hole or expanded hole with the expanded body anchoring structure or the expanded body drill. The expanded body anchoring structure includes but is not limited to an umbrella-shaped expanded body structure (for example, attached Figure 2 As shown), attached Figure 4 The four-hinged expanded anchor structure (also called a variable diameter steel cage) shown in the figure, the expansion drilling tool includes but is not limited to the attached Figure 6 To Attachment Figure 8 The radial folding, forward / reverse expansion reamer shown in the figure is an umbrella reamer used for reverse circulation drilling and expansion of cast-in-place piles (some call the front plate and the rear plate support seat and the centralizer respectively), attached Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.12 , Attachment Fig.13 Umbrella reamer shown, etc.

[0010] In addition, the system controller is provided with a display, or is also provided with buttons and / or a keyboard; the display is such as a digital tube, a dot matrix screen, a liquid crystal screen, an LED display, an LCD screen, a color screen, etc. The display can also be combined with buttons and / or input devices to form a human-computer interaction interface (such as a touch screen).

[0011] Furthermore, the enlarged body anchoring structure includes a front plate, a rear plate, a folding rod, a hinge, or a longitudinal member at the same time, or a guide plate / front anchoring plate and / or a rear support plate / rear anchoring plate at the same time, or a limit device and / or a stop device at the same time; the anchor bar is fixedly connected in one direction or fixedly connected or U-shapedly penetrated on the enlarged body anchoring structure; or at the same time, the longitudinal member is externally mounted on the anchor bar or internally mounted on the anchor bar; the specific connection structure of the anchor bar and the enlarged body anchoring structure is detailed in the applicant's series of previous applications for umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology For example, the anchor bar is fixed or unidirectionally fixed to the front plate or the rear plate; for example, the "center support rod" (i.e., the front part of the anchor bar) in the announcement number CN209082489U is connected to the "stator support plate" (i.e., the front plate) through an external thread, and its "motor support plate" is the rear plate; the anchor bar can also be in the form of a chain, such as the "engageable chain" (i.e., the middle part of the anchor bar) in CN209082489U; the front part of the longitudinal member can also be integrated with the anchor bar, such as the "center support rod" in CN209082489U That is, the outer pull rod in the longitudinal column series of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technology; another example is the first pressure plate (i.e., the rear plate) in the announcement number CN220081472U and the middle part of the hollow anchor rod (i.e., the anchor bar), the front end of the hollow anchor rod is fixedly connected to the slide rod (i.e., the outer pull rod in the longitudinal column series of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technology) through the limit hole (i.e., the limit device) and the spring rivet (i.e., the stop device), and the front end of the slide rod is fixedly connected to the second pressure plate (i.e., the front plate); another example is the announcement number CN20565378 The anchor bar in 5U is fixedly connected to the "lower bearing body" (i.e., the front plate) in one direction, and its "upper bearing body" is the rear plate, the cylindrical piston and the outer steel pipe of the piston are the anti-retraction device, and its "main steel pipe" is the combination of the outer pressure-bearing column / structural cylinder and the inner membrane bag in the longitudinal column series in the umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technology; for example, the lower movable sleeve (i.e., the front plate) in CN211256973U is rotatably connected to the anchor rod body (i.e., the anchor bar) through the upper limit nut and the lower limit nut, and the upper movable nut (i.e., the rear plate) is threadedly connected to the anchor rod body. The anchor bar can be solid or it can be an anchor tube / hollow anchor rod (e.g., attached Fig.15 As shown in the figure, the "outside" of "external tie rod" means that its range of movement exceeds the umbrella cage (for example, when the umbrella cage is retracted, the external tie rod will extend to the front of the front plate or the back of the rear plate). The range of movement of the tie rod without the word "outside" is limited to the front plate and the rear plate. The "outside" of "outer" refers to the outer side divided by the longitudinal axis as the center. The longitudinal axis refers to the central axis of the drill rod and anchor hole, and is also the central axis of the anchor cable and expanded body anchoring structure, or the central axis. The situation where the longitudinal member is outer-mounted on the anchor bar is, for example, the applicant's previous application CN213682090U Figures 97-99, Attachment Figure 6-8As shown in the figure, the longitudinal member is sleeved inside the anchor bar, for example, the sliding rod in CN220081472U (i.e., the outer pull rod in the longitudinal column series in the umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technology) slides in front of the inner hole of the hollow anchor bar. The anchor bar is U-shaped and penetrates the enlarged body anchoring structure, for example, the attached CN213682090U Fig. 9 shown.

[0012] The folding rod includes long rods and short rods, and may also include longitudinal main reinforcement that causes the load-bearing structure to be indeterminate (for example, the vertical reinforcement in the publication number CN219033193U. It should be noted that the longitudinal main reinforcement is not an anchor reinforcement). It should also be noted that the folding rod is not necessarily a straight beam or a single beam, but may be a curved beam (for example, an attached Fig.15 As shown), composite beams (for example, the long rod shown in Figure 49 of the applicant's previous application CN110552348A is two parallel beams), for example, Fig.15 The displacement sensor shown may be installed in the middle of the double beams for protection; the front plate, rear plate, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, front / middle / rear hinges, limit devices, backstops, etc. are all prior art, see the applicant's series of applications for umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry for details, the front plate, rear plate, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate can be plate-shaped, or ring-shaped, or loop-shaped. The front plate, rear plate, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, limit devices can be plate-shaped, or ring-shaped, etc.; the hinges include but are not limited to the front hinge, the middle hinge, the rear hinge (for example, attached Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 The hinged connection between the front plate, rear plate and folding rod, the hinged connection between the folding rod and the longitudinal main reinforcement, and the hinged connection between the long rod and the short rod can be in any form, and the hinged device can also be in any form; the fixed connection between the anchor bar and the front plate or rear plate (for example, the attached Figure 4 The front plate or rear plate can be fixed by a threaded connection, or by a load conversion device and a push piece to clamp and fix the front plate or rear plate (while the anchor bar moves through the front plate or rear plate or other connection forms), or by a pin connection or welding, etc.; the hinge pin can be solid or hollow. When the cage expands, stirrups or lateral hole walls can be used for limiting, and a limiting device is not necessary. The limiting device can be fixed / shiftably fixed on the longitudinal column B in the form of welding, pins or nuts, etc., and attached Figure 1 The limiting device in the form of a pin is inserted into the pin hole to limit the rear hinge device and the rear plate. The limiting device can be a front limiting device, a middle limiting device, and a rear limiting device, each of which is independent or an integral type, which are all prior art; the limiting device can be in any form, such as a hole shape (for example, attached Fig.15The limit hole shown is often used in conjunction with an elastic stop device such as a spring sheet or a spring plus a pin. The limit device and the stop device are respectively arranged on the anchor bar or the longitudinal column or the perfusion pipe or the top rod. In addition to the stop pin and the like, the stop device can also be a magnetic device.

[0013] The longitudinal members in the expanded anchor structure of the present invention include longitudinal main reinforcement (e.g. Figure 4 as shown) and / or longitudinal column armor (e.g. Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 The longitudinal column armor shown is a structural member / external pressure column, attached Fig.15 The longitudinal column armor shown is an external pull rod, as well as structural columns, reinforcement columns, integral limit devices, etc. that are not shown in the figure) and even push pieces, but the longitudinal components do not include (jet) drill rods, delivery rods, grouting pipes, rotary bolts, push rods, pull bolts, pipe pins, etc. that can carry and recycle umbrella planting tools / parachute expansion tools / anchor recovery tools for optical or physical detection devices, and the longitudinal components do not include anchor bars. The longitudinal components are ultimately installed in the expansion section. The longitudinal components can extend out of the front plate and / or the rear plate, but the longitudinal components do not include any protruding components. The goal of the umbrella planting tool recovery detection device is inconsistent with the goal of the present application and may even contradict each other. Since the umbrella planting tool needs to enter and exit the anchor hole and the umbrella cage, the installed detection device is easily damaged. In addition, since the diameter of the umbrella planting tool and the anchor bar itself is very small, the distance measuring sensor is not like a detection device such as a strain gauge that can be pasted anywhere. It is quite difficult to install the distance measuring sensor on the umbrella planting tool or the anchor bar. If it is installed on the anchor bar, it will also damage the bearing capacity of the anchor bar. Therefore, this The invention has made improvements on the installation method of the detector. The distance measuring sensor will not be installed on the umbrella planting tool or anchor bar, but will be installed on the non-umbrella planting tool component inside the expansion body anchoring structure (such as an umbrella cage). The distance measuring sensor will become a disposable consumable, so there will be no difficulty in installation and damage to the detection device and anchor bar will be avoided. The present invention is applied to the expansion body anchoring structure to solve the problem of real-time feedback of the expansion degree of the expansion body structure (mainly the umbrella-shaped expansion body structure) during the expansion of the expansion body structure, to judge the actual bearing performance of the expansion body structure (whether the actual expansion degree can meet the design requirements or whether the expansion degree is within the allowable deviation of the design, that is, the quality acceptance of the umbrella expansion process / rib cage expansion process), and to provide a basis for whether to perform subsequent technical treatment, rather than to solve the problem of who carries and implants the detection device. In other words, the detection device carried on the umbrella planting tool or anchor bar and the application of installing the detection device on the umbrella reamer are based on different technical tasks and also belong to different technical means. It should be noted that the longitudinal column is divided into a longitudinal column in the expansion body anchoring structure (i.e., longitudinal column A, for example, attached Figure 2 , Attachment Fig.15 ), and the longitudinal column in the reamer (i.e., longitudinal column B, such as the attached Figure 1 The longitudinal column B and the attachment of the drill pipe and the rear plate and the rear hinge device shown in the figure are movable through the drill pipe and the rear plate and the rear hinge device Fig.12 The longitudinal column B of the front plate is shown as a movable column. Fig.13 The longitudinal column B shown as being movable through the drill rod is mostly prior art. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of applications on umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry. Although the functions of longitudinal column A and longitudinal column B are similar and the names are very similar, they are still different in essence. In this application, the longitudinal column located in the enlarged body anchoring structure will (eventually) be retained in the enlargement section of the anchor hole, while the longitudinal column located in the enlarged drill tool (regardless of whether it extends out of the borehole during the enlargement construction phase) will eventually be removed from the anchor hole; it should also be explained and noted that the drill rod in the enlarged drill tool is not an anchoring and umbrella planting tool, and the longitudinal column B does not belong to the longitudinal component (this needs to be strictly distinguished in concept), and the drill rod in the enlarged drill tool is not in The "drill rod" listed in the applicant's previous applications for the umbrella-shaped enlarger head anchoring technology series, the "drill rod" in the previous applications for the umbrella-shaped enlarger head anchoring technology series usually refers to the rotary jet drill rod, rather than the drill rod used as the reaming drill tool in the present application. The reaming drill tool in the present application uses a mechanical method for reaming rather than rotary jet reaming. The present invention is applied to the reaming drill tool to solve the problem of real-time feedback on the expansion degree of the umbrella reamer, that is, the size of the reaming aperture, during the mechanical reaming process, rather than to solve the problem of who carries and implants the detection device. In other words, the detection device carried on the "drill rod" and the detection device of the present application installed on the umbrella reamer are based on different technical tasks and also belong to different technical means.

[0014] Or the reaming drill tool is an umbrella reaming drill tool or a forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool, the umbrella reaming drill tool is provided with a front plate, a rear plate, a long rod, a short rod, a front hinge, a middle hinge, a rear hinge, and a longitudinal column B, or at the same time, a connection reinforcement part is provided at the connection between the drill rod and the rear plate, and the connection reinforcement part is fixedly connected to the drill rod and the rear plate; the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool is provided with a reaming knife and a reaming knife hinge; the umbrella reaming drill tool and the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool are both connected to the drilling rig through the drill rod (and may be connected to the drilling rig through casing, steel rope, etc. at the same time); the longitudinal column B and the longitudinal column A may bear both pressure and tension; the long rod and the short rod may be either in front or in the back, or the two may be of equal length, and the limiting device includes but is not limited to a front limiting device, a rear limiting device, an integral limiting device, etc. The forward and reverse retractable reaming drill can be forward retracting and reverse reaming, or forward reaming and reverse retracting. The drill rig drives the drill bit and reamer into the borehole through the drill rod to perform drilling and reaming. The drill rod is not limited to any shape such as round, square or hexagonal, and any form such as three-wing drill / spiral drill. The connection reinforcement part can be any form such as rod, tube, cylinder, plate, beam, etc., which is used to enhance the strength and rigidity of the connection between the drill rod and the rear plate, and is usually a plate-like rib set in the longitudinal and radial directions (that is, in the same way as the hinged plate).

[0015] In addition, the angular displacement sensor is installed on the hinge of the expansion body anchoring structure or the umbrella-shaped reaming drill, or on the hinge of the reaming cutter of the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill, or on the wall of the drill pipe groove; "hinged" can be any hinged position (if the folding rod is directly hinged to the front plate or the rear plate, then "hinged" also includes the part of the front plate or the rear plate that is hinged to the folding rod), see the following description for details; hinge refers to front hinge / middle hinge / rear hinge or four-hinged or more-hinged structure (for example, attached Figure 4 When the angular displacement sensor is installed on the middle hinge, it measures the angle between the long rod and the short rod. When it is installed on the front hinge, it measures the angle between the long rod / short rod and the front plate / longitudinal member / hinge device. When it is installed on the rear hinge, it measures the angle between the short rod or the long rod / rear plate / longitudinal member / hinge device. When it is installed on the attached hinge, it measures the angle between the short rod or the long rod / rear plate / longitudinal member / hinge device. Figure 4 When the hinge is shown, the angle between any two adjacent front discs, rear discs, folding rods and longitudinal main reinforcements is measured. Figure 8 When the reamer is hinged, the angle between the reamer and the blade holder, i.e. the expansion angle, is measured. Articulation includes but is not limited to front articulation, middle articulation, rear articulation, and reamer articulation. The angular displacement sensor is installed on the groove wall of the drill rod, which can be any form of slotting and attachment, not limited to cutting / stamping / welding / bolting.

[0016] and / or, for the expanded body anchoring structure, during the expansion process of the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor cannot be reached and contacted by any component;

[0017] And / or, for the umbrella-shaped hole-reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on the drill rod and / or the longitudinal column B, or mounted on the front plate or its auxiliary components and / or the rear plate or its auxiliary components, and the linear displacement sensor cannot be reached or contacted by any components. This mounting method measures the relative displacement between the drill rod and the longitudinal column B to obtain the distance value between the front plate and the rear plate (for example, the distance between the front plate and the rear plate). Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.13 As shown, the drill rod is fixedly connected to the rear plate, and the longitudinal column B is fixedly connected to the front plate), in this case, the linear displacement sensor is installed on the drill rod or the longitudinal column B, with the longitudinal column B / front plate or the drill rod / rear plate as the measured object, or the transmitter and the receiver are respectively installed on the drill rod and the longitudinal column B, or vice versa; or the distance value between the front plate and the rear plate is obtained by measuring the relative displacement between the front plate and the longitudinal column B / drill rod (for example, the attached Fig.12As shown, the drill rod is fixedly connected to the rear plate and the longitudinal column B), in this case, the linear displacement sensor is installed on the drill rod / longitudinal column B or the front plate, and the front plate or the drill rod / longitudinal column B / rear plate is the object to be measured, or the transmitter and the receiver are respectively installed on the drill rod / longitudinal column B and the front plate, or vice versa; or the distance value between the front plate and the rear plate is obtained by measuring the relative displacement between the rear plate and the longitudinal column B / drill rod / front plate (in this case, the drill rod is fixedly connected to the front plate and the longitudinal column B), in this case, the linear displacement sensor is installed on the drill rod / longitudinal column B / front plate or the rear plate, and the rear plate or the drill rod / longitudinal column B / front plate is the object to be measured, or the transmitter and the receiver are respectively installed on the drill rod / longitudinal column B / front plate and the rear plate, or vice versa. In this case, the detection wave propagates in the longitudinal direction, and the distance between the drill rod and the longitudinal column B, or the distance between the drill rod, the longitudinal column B and the front plate, or the distance between the drill rod, the longitudinal column B and the rear plate is measured, thereby indirectly obtaining the distance between the front plate and the rear plate. The detection wave is usually laser, ultrasonic or infrared.

[0018] Further, for the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on any one of the front disc or its accessory components, the rear disc or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate, and the limiting device, and at the same time, any other one of the front disc or its accessory components, the rear disc or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate, and the limiting device is used as the distance measurement object, or the linear displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on any two of the front disc or its accessory components, the rear disc or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate, and the limiting device; and during the expansion of the expanded body anchoring structure, the two components move away from each other; or the two components approach each other but do not reach contact; or the two components finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor is installed backward, so that the linear displacement sensor cannot reach contact; the "front disc or its accessory components" in this application refers to the components fixed on the front disc such as the front disc or the front hinge device, and here "it" refers to the front disc, and "its accessory components" such as the accessory Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.14 The front hinge device in the rear disc; "rear disc or its accessory components" refers to the rear disc or the rear hinge device and other parts fixed to the rear disc, where "it" refers to the rear disc, and "its accessory components" such as accessories Figure 5 , Attachment Fig.12The rear hinge device in the. The "components" here include any parts that constitute the umbrella-shaped expansion body anchoring structure, and also include any parts in the anchor hole that participate in the anchoring construction; in addition to the hinge device, the auxiliary components can also be guide caps, push pieces or push devices or load conversion devices, fixings or fixing devices or one-way fixing devices, longitudinal column armor (such as structural members or reinforcement columns, inner columns, etc.), cylinder liner bases or pistons, forward push steps or reverse pull steps, anti-sag devices, perfusion pipes, blunt heads, anchor plates or end plates or pads, etc. For details of the various "components" here, please refer to the previous application for the umbrella-shaped expansion head anchoring series. Reaching contact means getting close. The linear displacement sensor cannot be reached and contacted, including being unable to be reached and contacted by the distance-measuring object or other components, and also including the transmitter and receiver of the linear displacement sensor not reaching and contacting each other. Attachment Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Fig.12 , Attachment Fig.13 , Attachment Fig.14 The linear displacement sensor is shown in the figure as being installed backwards. The backward installation means that the linear displacement sensor is installed at the rear side of the installation component reaching the contact surface (for example, the attached Figure 1 as shown) or even the back side of the member (e.g. Figure 4 As shown), it can even be set back to other components (for example, attached Figure 2 This protects the sensor and allows it to continue to work in the distance measurement state. Of course, the retreat distance (for example, the distance to the sensor) needs to be taken into account when calculating the distance. Fig.14 H) is included in the range of the detection wave. The fixed installation can be any method such as screws, bolts, sleeves, etc. The two components can be either one of which is the object to be measured (for scattering / reflection) and the other is equipped with a sensor (including both a transmitter and a receiver), or either one is equipped with a transmitter and the other is equipped with a receiver, that is, the linear displacement sensor is installed on any two components (i.e., a counter-radiation type). At this time, the detection wave is transmitted longitudinally, and what is measured is the distance between the transverse components (front disc, rear disc, limit device, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear anchor plate / rear support plate). The linear displacement sensor in this application is not reached and contacted means that the linear displacement sensor is not installed on the arrival contact surface, that is, the transmitter and the receiver cannot be installed on any arrival contact surface, that is, during the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure, the transmitter and the receiver are not reached and contacted, nor are they touched by any component, so that they can perform the distance measurement work normally. Compared with the detection devices such as pressure sensors, proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, etc. installed on the contact surface, the detection purpose, sensor types, detection means, sensor installation method, and detection results of this application have undergone substantial changes. The horizontal direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the vertical axis.

[0019] Or the linear displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the limiting device, or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the folding rod, or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the hinge, or mounted on the limiting device and / or the hinge, or mounted on the limiting device and / or the folding rod, and the linear displacement sensor cannot be reached or contacted by any member; the longitudinal member and the limiting device can be either one of which is equipped with a distance sensor and the other is the object to be measured (for scattering / reflection), or either one of which is equipped with a transmitter and the other is equipped with a receiver (i.e., a beam type). At this time, the detection wave is transmitted horizontally, and what is measured is the distance between the longitudinal member and the limiting device. "On the hinge" can be on any component that constitutes the hinge (such as a male or female connector, a ring plug or a socket, etc., see the applicant's previous application for details), and the folding rod includes but is not limited to a long rod, a short rod, a long rod extension (or called a barb), and a short rod extension.

[0020] Or the linear displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on the cylinder liner base and / or the piston, and the cylinder liner base and the piston are far away from each other; or the cylinder liner base and the piston are close to each other but do not reach contact; or the cylinder liner base and the piston finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor is installed backward, so that the linear displacement sensor cannot reach contact; the cylinder liner base (sometimes also referred to as the cylinder liner) and the piston can be plate-shaped / annular / rod-shaped / columnar / cylindrical, etc. (for example, the cylinder liner and piston cylinder in the applicant's previous application CN208455617U; the cylinder liner, piston, or cylinder liner base, piston plate, piston rod, plunger, etc. in CN213682090U), the cylinder liner base and the piston are two components facing each other (or parallel to each other) and far away from / close to each other in the piston cylinder (or telescopic cylinder) and are not the side walls of the cylinder liner, the piston cylinder can be a one-way piston cylinder or a two-way piston cylinder, and the one-way piston cylinder can be one-way retracted or one-way extended, see the series of previous applications on the umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology for details. The cylinder liner base and the piston can be either one of them with a sensor installed and the other one with a measured object (for scattering / reflection), or either one of them with a transmitter installed and the other with a receiver installed. For the arrival indication device, the pressure sensor, proximity sensor, and photoelectric sensor installed on the arrival contact surface are used to indicate the approach (arrival) of the two components. In principle, they are trigger switches, but the distance measuring sensor of the present application is not an arrival indication device, but is used to measure the distance between the two components at any time. The distance measuring sensor needs to be used repeatedly, and at least it needs to be kept in normal working condition before the cement slurry or other consolidating agent is poured. At this time, the detection wave propagates longitudinally, and it directly measures the distance between the cylinder liner base and the piston, thereby indirectly obtaining the distance between the front disc and the rear disc.

[0021] The detection wave travels longitudinally, that is, the distance between any two of the front plate, rear plate, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, and limit device is measured. However, the linear displacement sensor cannot be installed on components that are close to each other (it is okay to be close, but if it is close (reaching) it is likely to damage the sensor and make it impossible to measure normally), or it is necessary as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown, the rear side can be installed, or as shown in the attached Figure 1 The retrograde shown is mounted on an articulated device. Figure 1 The linear displacement sensor is located on the rear hinge plate (rear hinge device) which is fixedly connected to the rear plate. The hinge device includes but is not limited to a hinge plate, a hinge rod, a hinge ring, a hinge ball, a hinge seat, and an attachment. Fig.13 The lug shown is a form of hinged plate. In the extremely simple expansion anchor structure, the hinge device and connector (such as male connector, female connector) are not necessary. The longitudinal direction is also called the axial direction. The detection wave travels in the transverse direction, that is, the distance between the longitudinal member and the stop device / anchor bar is measured. For the expanded body anchoring structure, the sensor used in the present invention is installed on the transverse member or vertical member (longitudinal member) of the non-extending member such as the umbrella planting tool, the umbrella expanding tool, the anchor bar, the perfusion tube, the anchor bar recovery tool, etc. in the expanded body anchoring structure, or even if it is installed on the inclined member, the sensor is installed in the transverse direction or vertical direction (longitudinal direction) (that is, the detection wave propagates in the longitudinal direction or transverse direction) when the umbrella cage is in the standard expansion state; it should also be noted that the longitudinal main reinforcement is not an anchor bar, but a part of the expanded body anchoring bearing structure (belonging to the expanded body part), see the applicant's previous application CN110552348A or similar applications in the industry for details, but it is only possible to install it when the longitudinal main reinforcement has a sufficiently large size. At the same time, because the central hinge and the pin shaft rotate when the umbrella cage expands, it is not a good idea to install a linear displacement sensor on the central hinge pin shaft. The limiting device includes but is not limited to a front limiting device, a rear limiting device, an integral limiting device, etc., attached Figure 1 The pin hole shown is a form of providing a limit device installation. In addition, the limit device can also be installed on the longitudinal column in any manner such as welding, threaded connection, cold extrusion connection, etc. The "front disk" mentioned above can be the front side or rear side of the front disk or any part thereof, and the "rear disk" can be the front side or rear side of the rear disk or any part thereof. The same is true for the guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, and limit device. "On the limit device and / or on the hinge device" and "on the longitudinal member and / or the limit device" all refer to any part on the hinge device, the limit device, and the longitudinal member. The longitudinal direction is the axial direction of the drill hole, and the transverse direction is the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Different types of sensors use different detection waves, which can be elastic waves such as sound waves or ultrasonic waves, or electromagnetic waves such as lasers or infrared rays. The linear displacement sensor can be fixed on the front disk, rear disk, guide plate / front anchor plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate by direct fixed connection or indirect fixed connection, such as an attached Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.14 The linear displacement sensor is indirectly fixed on the rear disc or the front disc through a rear hinge device or a front hinge device. In addition, it can also be indirectly fixed through a push piece, a fixed / one-way fixing device, etc. The fixation is usually detachable for repair.

[0022] Further, the function of the display includes displaying the data measured by the angular displacement sensor and / or the linear displacement sensor in the form of numbers and / or graphics and / or tables and / or text, or at the same time, the displayed content is a dynamic display synchronized with the construction. The graphics can be a static diagram drawn by the control program to reflect the actual expansion state, or a dynamic diagram drawn by the control program to reflect the expansion process or rebound process. The expansion state and expansion process refer to the expansion of the expansion part of the expansion body anchoring structure or the expansion of the expansion drilling tool. The data measured by the linear displacement sensor include but are not limited to the distance data between any two of the front plate, the rear plate, the guide plate / front anchor plate, the rear support plate / rear anchor plate, or the distance data between the longitudinal main reinforcements, etc. The folding rod, the middle hinge, and the longitudinal main reinforcement are all prior art. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of applications for umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry. The button can be any type of button, including an on / off button, an input button, a power switch, various function keys, etc. The keyboard can be any type of keyboard, including a matrix keyboard directly connected to the system controller, and the keyboard is usually connected to the system controller by wire. For umbrella-shaped expansion anchoring structures (such as attached Figure 2 For the umbrella-shaped reamer (such as the one with the front plate attached), the angle data include but are not limited to the angle between the long rod and the short rod, the angle between the long rod and the front plate, the angle between the long rod and the axial line, the angle between the short rod and the rear plate, and the angle between the short rod and the axial line. The distance data include but are not limited to the distance between any two of the pilot plate / front anchor plate, the front plate, the rear plate, and the rear support plate / rear anchor plate. Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.12 , Attachment Fig.13For the variable diameter steel cage, the angle data includes but is not limited to the angle between the long rod and the short rod, the angle between the long rod and the front plate, the angle between the long rod and the axial line, the angle between the short rod and the rear plate, and the angle between the short rod and the axial line. The distance data includes but is not limited to the distance between the front plate and the rear plate, and the distance between the rear hinge device and the front plate. For the variable diameter steel cage, the angle data includes but is not limited to the angle between any two of the front plate, the folding rod, and the longitudinal main reinforcement. The distance data includes but is not limited to the distance between any two of the front plate, the rear plate and the limiting device, and the distance between the limiting device / anchor reinforcement and the longitudinal main reinforcement. For the expansion knife of the forward rotation and reversal expansion, the angle data includes but is not limited to the angle between the expansion knife and the knife seat, and the angle between the expansion knife and the drill rod. The digital form can be Arabic numerals, or Chinese characters or numbers expressed in other languages. The distance data can be static distance data or dynamic displacement data. In addition to displaying the measured expansion data, the display can also display the expansion target / standard data.

[0023] And / or, a control program is installed in the system controller; and / or, a host computer is also provided, and the system controller is communicatively connected with the host computer; or at the same time, the host computer is also configured with display B and / or an input device; the type, structural configuration, and display content of display B may be the same as or different from the display of the system controller, for example, display B may play videos, while the display of the system controller is a touch screen. The functions of the control program include but are not limited to the control of linear displacement sensors, angular displacement sensors, displays, cameras, servos, etc. The control program is also called software. The software is not limited to any programming language or any form. The control program is usually downloaded to the system controller after the host computer completes the program compilation. The host computer includes but is not limited to computers, touch screens, programmers, mobile phones, etc. Computers include tablets, general-purpose computers such as PCs, industrial computers such as industrial computers, remote collaborative cloud platforms, etc. The host computer is also used to compile, read, and modify user programs, monitor the operation of the controller system, realize remote center monitoring, simulation display, print files, collect, store and process data, etc. The mobile phone can also remotely monitor the expansion process of the expansion structure or the construction process of the reaming drill through the APP software, and the industrial computer can also realize remote control; the host computer is usually equipped with an input device, that is, a keyboard or mouse for inputting data, parameters, characters, and commands. Programming and parameter input can be performed through a computer and a coding keyboard or touch screen and transmitted to the system controller, or user programs can be compiled through a programmer and input into the system controller. Of course, the programmer can also be integrated into the system controller, for example, user programs can be compiled through the control panel buttons / touch screen that comes with the PLC, and the PLC and programmer can also switch to share a CPU, etc. A touch screen is a touch screen. In a narrow sense, a touch screen is a fusion of a display, a keyboard and / or a button. It is an input device that provides a human-computer interaction interface. In a broad sense, a touch screen is a type of computer with a built-in microprocessor CPU and programming capabilities. Unless otherwise specified in this application as a communication connection, all are structural connections. Structural connections are not limited to any connection method, nor are they limited to direct or indirect connections.

[0024] And / or, the system controller is also connected to a power source and is provided with a power switch, or at the same time, the system controller is also provided with an indicator light and / or an alarm; or at the same time, the system controller also has a printing function and / or a voice broadcast function and / or a remote conference function. The power source can be in any form such as a dry cell, a solar cell, or a grid power supply. The power switch can be in any form such as a button, a knife switch, or an air switch.

[0025] Furthermore, the angular displacement sensor is fixed to the articulated device or connector or folding rod, and / or to the articulated pin; or, the angular displacement sensor is fixed to the wall of the drill pipe groove, and / or to the articulated pin of the reamer; the connector includes but is not limited to a male connector or a female connector in the articulation, and the folding rod includes but is not limited to a long rod, a short rod or a four-hinged and three-rod articulated rod, all of which are extensions of the prior art and their extensions. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of applications on umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry. The fixing of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation device, connector, folding rod, etc. can be performed by fixing the follower shaft of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation pin (direct connection or indirect connection or non-contact connection), fixing the housing of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation device, etc., or fixing the follower shaft of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation device, etc., fixing the housing of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation pin, or fixing only the housing of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation device, etc., and the rotation of the articulation pin is directly read by the magnetic sensitive integrated circuit of the angular displacement sensor through magnetic field induction, or fixing the housing of the angular displacement sensor to the articulation pin, etc., and the relative rotation of the articulation device, etc. is directly read by the magnetic sensitive integrated circuit of the angular displacement sensor through magnetic field induction; these fixings are all detachable for easy repair work. The angular displacement sensor is fixed to the articulation device, etc. and the articulation pin at the same time, which means that the follower shaft is fixed to one of them and the housing is fixed to the other; similarly, the angular displacement sensor is fixed to the drill pipe groove wall and the expansion cutter articulation pin at the same time, which means that the follower shaft is fixed to one of them and the housing is fixed to the other. The hinge device is a component (such as a hinge plate, a hinge rod, a hinge ring, a hinge ball, a hinge seat, etc.) that rotates relative to the hinge pin at the front hinge and the rear hinge and is concentric with the hinge pin and is hingedly connected to the structural body. Specifically, it refers to the front hinge device, the rear hinge device, the attachment Figure 6 To Attachment Figure 8 The blade holder shown in the figure, the structural body such as the front plate, the rear plate, the attachment Figure 8 The drill rod, drill bit, etc. shown in the figure, the "connection" here is usually a detachable fixed connection; the structure located on both sides of the hinge pin that rotates relative to the hinge pin and is concentric with the hinge pin is either a folding rod (or called a hinge rod) or a connector. The hinge pin includes but is not limited to a front hinge pin, a middle hinge pin, a rear hinge pin, and a reamer hinge pin. The hinge pin is fixedly connected to one of the parties constituting the hinge (such as a long rod or a short rod or a hinge device or a male connector) and is rotatably connected to the other party constituting the hinge (correspondingly, such as a short rod or a long rod or a folding rod or a female connector). The reamer hinge pin can be fixed on the reamer or on the tool holder.

[0026] and / or,

[0027] For the expanded anchor structure, the linear displacement sensor includes a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter and the receiver are respectively fixed on any two of the front plate or its attached components, the rear plate or its attached components, the guide plate / front anchor plate, the rear support plate / rear anchor plate, and the limit device, and the transmitter and the receiver are installed opposite to each other (i.e., the opposite type, attached Fig.15 It only indicates the installation principle of the through-beam sensor, not that the longitudinal member and the folding rod or hinge are suitable for the through-beam type. In fact, the through-beam type may be more suitable for the transverse member, such as the front plate and the rear plate, while reflection / scattering may be more suitable for the longitudinal member and the folding rod or hinge); or the transmitter and receiver are fixed on one of the front plate, the rear plate, the guide plate / front anchor plate, the rear support plate / rear anchor plate, and the limit device at the same time, and the transmitter and receiver are installed in parallel (i.e., reflection type); parallel installation is also called side-by-side installation, such as attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Fig.12 , Attachment Fig.13 As shown. The transmitter is allowed to emit detection waves to the receiver, and the detection waves emitted by the transmitter are also allowed to be reflected by the detection object and then returned to be received by the receiver.

[0028] Or the transmitter and the receiver are respectively fixed on the longitudinal member and the limiting device, or the longitudinal member and the folding rod, or the longitudinal member and the hinge, or the limiting device and the hinge, or the limiting device and the folding rod, and the transmitter and the receiver are arranged opposite each other; or the transmitter and the receiver are simultaneously fixed on one of the longitudinal member, the limiting device, the folding rod and the hinge, and the transmitter and the receiver are arranged in parallel; the limiting device is for example the main steel pipe in Publication No. CN205653785U, and the longitudinal member is for example the vertical reinforcement in Publication No. CN219033193U (i.e. the longitudinal reinforcement described in this application, the longitudinal reinforcement can be in any shape such as strip, plate, corrugated, etc.).

[0029] Or the transmitter and the receiver are fixed on the cylinder base and the piston respectively, and the transmitter and the receiver are installed opposite to each other; or the transmitter and the receiver are fixed on one of the cylinder base and the piston at the same time, and the transmitter and the receiver are installed in parallel;

[0030] And / or, for the umbrella-shaped reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor includes a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter and the receiver are respectively fixed on the drill rod and the longitudinal column B, or are respectively installed on the front plate or its accessory components, the rear plate or its accessory components, and the transmitter and the receiver are installed oppositely; or the transmitter and the receiver are simultaneously fixed on one of the drill rod and the longitudinal column B, or are simultaneously fixed on one of the front plate or its accessory components, the rear plate or its accessory components, and the transmitter and the receiver are installed in parallel.

[0031] Furthermore, a camera is installed in the expansion anchor structure or the expansion drill, and the camera is connected to the system controller; the camera can be a visible light camera or an infrared camera. The camera is also called an image sensor, which includes a signal processor (conversion element and amplifier circuit) in addition to a photosensitive element. It can convert light signals or infrared light signals into electrical signals and then transmit them to the system controller outside the borehole. If it is connected wirelessly, a wireless communication module needs to be added for data transmission, such as an attached Figure 5 The transmission method between the camera and the system controller is wireless, and the system controller can be a built-in antenna or an external wire.

[0032] Or at the same time, a light source is also provided in the expansion anchor structure or the expansion drill; or at the same time, the light source is connected to the system controller through a power line; the light source is used to cooperate with the camera for video recording. Both the light source and the camera have waterproof function.

[0033] Furthermore, the function of the display also includes displaying the real-life image captured by the camera, or at the same time, the real-life image is dynamically displayed in synchronization with the construction. The camera image can be played on the same display as the system controller, or a separate display can be set up, but there will be higher hardware and software requirements when the data image and the real-life image share the same display. The display of the real-life image can be a dynamic display (live broadcast) or a static display of a picture controlled by a button.

[0034] Furthermore, a servo is also provided in the enlarged body anchoring structure or the reaming drill, and the camera is connected to the enlarged body anchoring structure or the reaming drill via the servo, and the camera and the servo are rotationally connected via a rotating shaft; the servo is communicatively connected to the system controller; or at the same time, the lens of the camera is retractable. In this application, all connections except those explicitly stated as communication connections are mechanical connections, including but not limited to any connection forms such as fixed, movable, rotating, threaded, and unidirectional fixed. The servo and the system controller can be connected by wired communication or wireless communication. A servo usually refers to a servo motor or a stepper motor.

[0035] Furthermore, a perfusion tube is provided to be connected to the expansion anchoring structure; the perfusion tube is described in the applicant's previous application.

[0036] And / or, an anchoring tool / expansion tool is also provided, or a pushing device or a pulling device is also provided on the anchoring tool / expansion tool; or at the same time, the umbrella expansion tool includes a push rod / screw bolt / screw or nut; all components, mechanisms, devices, etc. not explained in detail in this application can refer to the applicant's previous application for umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technology or similar applications in this field, including push rods and screw bolts, and screws and nuts refer to the screws and nuts in the applicant's previous application CN214061602U. The expansion tool is also called an umbrella expansion tool / an umbrella expansion device, or a locking and / or unlocking tool / device of an umbrella cage, etc., including an electromagnetic umbrella expansion tool, a pin-type umbrella expansion tool, etc. The anchoring tool / expansion tool of the present invention needs to be withdrawn from the anchor hole after completing the tasks of anchoring, umbrella planting and expansion. The anchoring tool is a tool for planting the anchor rod cable into the anchor hole. For the expanded body anchoring structure, the anchoring tool is a tool for planting the expanded body anchoring structure into the expanded hole section of the anchor hole. For the umbrella-shaped expanded body structure, the anchoring tool is an umbrella planting tool or an anchoring and umbrella planting tool (for example, a rotary jet drill rod / rotary jet pipe, etc., a rotary jet drill rod can also serve as a part-time anchoring and umbrella planting tool, and can also serve as a part-time umbrella expansion tool. The rotary jet drill rod can be a single tube, a double tube, a triple tube, R JP, MJS, multiple tubes and other forms; however, the "drill rod" in this application does not refer to the jet grouting drill rod, but the drill rod connecting the drilling rig and the reaming drill (umbrella reamer), which is the same in name but different in reality from the jet grouting drill rod); the expansion tool is used to expand and open the expanded body anchoring structure (also known as an unlocking tool, such as a pipe pin / pin pulling rope). The anchoring tool and the expansion tool can be combined into one or separated, which belongs to the prior art. The jacking device is also the prior art. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of applications for umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology and similar applications in the industry.

[0037] And / or, the guide plate / front anchor plate and / or the front disc and / or the rear disc and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate are also provided with a channel hole B to provide a passage for the anchoring tool / expansion tool to pass through;

[0038] And / or, the connecting cable between the angular displacement sensor and / or the linear displacement sensor and the system controller is covered with a threading tube or shares an outer tube (such as a PE sleeve) with the anchor bar, or is covered with various protruding components and extends out of the borehole. "Various protruding components" refer to components extending backward from the expansion anchoring structure or the expansion drill tool to the outside of the anchor hole, such as anchor bars (such as the hollow anchor rod or anchor pipe in CN220081472U), injection pipes, exhaust pipes, expansion tools (tubular screws or pull bolts or push rods or screws / nuts, or pressure-resistant pipes, etc.), anchoring tools, jet-jet drill rods, anchor bar recovery devices (such as PE sleeves for hot-melt recyclable anchor bars that can carry cables), measuring tools, etc.

[0039] Further, the leading plate / front anchor plate and / or the front disk and / or the rear disk and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate have a channel hole A to provide a detection wave to pass through. Different detection waves have different requirements for the aperture of the channel hole. The detection wave can be a unidirectional wave, i.e., a transmitting wave, or a bidirectional wave, i.e., a transmitting wave and an echo wave, wherein the echo wave is, for example, a scattered wave or a reflected wave.

[0040] Furthermore, the packaging of the angular displacement sensor and the linear displacement sensor has a waterproof function; and / or, an anchor bar recovery device is also provided; the anchor bar recovery device includes not only various mechanical or hydraulic or static blasting or pneumatic or water jet cutting devices, etc., but also various hot melt recovery devices.

[0041] And / or, the expanded body anchoring structure is configured with a membrane bag, or is also configured with an exhaust pipe and extends outside the anchor hole; the membrane bag can be in any form, including but not limited to an outer membrane bag, an inner membrane bag, etc., and "configuration" includes but is not limited to the outside and inside of the expanded body anchoring structure. In addition to providing a relatively pure grouting environment, the membrane bag can also provide a relatively pure medium environment for the propagation of detection waves, such as an air or water environment. For the provision of the injection pipe and the exhaust pipe, see the previous application series of umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology. The waterproof function includes but is not limited to waterproof outer jackets or frames, sealing rings, polymer fillings and other structural measures and materials. The membrane bag is a prior art, and for details, see the applicant's previous application series on umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring.

[0042] And / or, the angular displacement sensor and / or the linear displacement sensor is connected to the system controller by wire; the wired connection includes but is not limited to optical fiber, network cable, DuPont cable, electrical cable, USB data cable, etc.

[0043] And / or, a rib beam is also provided on the rear hinge device of the reaming drill; the rib beam includes a plurality of transverse ribs and / or longitudinal ribs and / or tangential ribs, which may be steel ribs or steel rib plates. The rear hinge device is made very tall and the rib beam is added to enhance the restraining torque of the long rod and the short rod to overcome the reaction torque of the rock and soil body cut around the reamer. The tangential rib is similar to the rib beam provided in the umbrella-shaped expansion body anchoring structure to support and reinforce the rear hinge device. The rib beam of the umbrella-shaped expansion body anchoring structure is perpendicular to the hinge plate and fixed to the front plate and / or the rear plate by welding. The tangential (or circumferential) rib beam of the reaming drill is also perpendicular to the hinge plate and fixed to the front plate and / or the rear plate by welding.

[0044] And / or, a spiral wing is also provided on the drill rod and / or the longitudinal column B of the reaming drill. The spiral wing is used for drilling holes and removing slag, and other devices and limiting measures of the drilling rig and drill tool are not involved in this application.

[0045] And / or, a measuring tool is also provided, and the measuring tool is connected to the front plate or the rear plate or the guide plate / front anchor plate or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate and extends backward out of the anchor hole. The traditional measuring tool can be used in conjunction with the electronic measuring tool, or it can play a role when an accident occurs to the electronic measuring tool (for example, the communication connection inside and outside the anchor hole is interrupted). The anchor hole is the abbreviation of the anchor rod hole or the anchor cable hole, that is, a hole is drilled in the rock and soil body to provide a place for implanting anchor bars, and then filled with a consolidating agent to form an anchor rod or an anchor cable. Of course, there are also some cases where no filling or pouring is done. The measuring tool can be a separate measuring rope / measuring rod, and can also be integrated with the grouting pipe, the top rod, the anchor bar, the anchoring tool, the pin pulling rope, the latch and other components.

[0046] In this application, cage expansion degree = cage diameter after expansion in the anchor hole ÷ cage diameter in the target expansion state preset by the engineer. Cage expansion degree is defined as the actual expansion degree of the cage in the expansion section of the anchor hole compared to the target expansion state preset by the engineer.

[0047] Among them, when the number of folding rods of the umbrella cage is an even number, the expansion degree of the umbrella cage = D measured ÷ D theoretical ≈ the actual distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (i.e. the longitudinal axis of the umbrella cage) (referring to the distance in the expanded state in the anchor hole) ÷ the theoretical distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (referring to the distance in the target expanded state set by the engineer);

[0048] When the number of folding rods of the umbrella cage is an odd number, the expansion degree of the umbrella cage = D 测 ÷D 理 ≈2 times the actual distance from any hinge pin to the center axis of the cage (the distance in the expanded state in the anchor hole) ÷2 times the theoretical distance from any hinge pin to the center axis of the cage (the distance in the target expanded state set by the engineer);

[0049] The actual distance between the two middle hinge pins axially symmetrical about the central axis and the actual distance from any middle hinge pin to the central axis of the umbrella cage are measured by the displacement sensor after the umbrella cage is expanded in the anchor hole, or calculated based on the data measured by the displacement sensor; the theoretical distance between the two middle hinge pins axially symmetrical about the central axis and the theoretical distance from any middle hinge pin to the central axis of the umbrella cage are determined and provided by the engineer (anchor engineering designer or umbrella cage mechanical designer). Of course, after the umbrella cage is assembled according to the design requirements, the construction personnel can also pre-expand and contract the umbrella cage outside the anchor hole to measure (and verify) the distance data.

[0050] By the attached Fig. 22It can be seen that the odd or even number of folding rods does not change the expansion degree of the umbrella cage. However, the more folding rods there are, the closer the polygon formed by the folding rods and stirrups is to a circle, and the better the anchoring effect is; the fewer folding rods there are, the smaller the high stress equivalent circle area corresponding to the polygon formed by the folding rods and stirrups is (the membrane bag grouting consolidation body alone is difficult to perform the high stress anchoring support function, and is not considered in the equivalent circle section factor), and the weaker the anchoring effect is.

[0051] Similarly, for the forward and reverse retractable expansion drill (such as the attached Figure 7 , Attachment Figure 8 The expansion degree refers to the degree of opening of the expansion knife, that is, the opening angle ф measured by the angle sensor. 测 ÷Opening angle preset by the engineerф 理 ,ф is referred to as the expansion angle.

[0052] It should also be pointed out that the expansion of the cage is usually not expressed in terms of the degree of opening of the angles of the components.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] 1. By setting up cameras, the expansion of the anchor bearing structure and the expansion of the reamer in the borehole can be visualized, which can be verified with the digital measurement results to avoid false alarms that may be caused by a single measurement and control method due to various reasons (such as temperature, humidity, groundwater, mud, entanglement, collision, displacement, damage, etc.).

[0055] 2. The mechanization, automation, electronic informationization and digitization of the expansion measurement and control of the expanded anchor bearing structure and the expansion drilling tool have been realized, which has changed the original crude state of relying on manual measurement (measuring rope / measuring rod). The instant feedback of the expansion information of the expanded structure during construction (instant feedback on the quality of the construction process) instead of feedback afterwards has been realized, which has greatly improved the efficiency of information feedback. The camera angle is adjusted by the servo, and the voice system and alarm device are set up, so that the field of geotechnical anchoring can keep pace with the digital development of society.

[0056] 3. The present invention can timely reflect the actual expansion situation of the corresponding expansion mechanism in the expansion section of the anchor hole, that is, the actual construction deviation situation, during the expansion construction stage of the expanded anchor bearing structure and the expansion construction stage of the expansion drill, and can provide a basis for the acceptance of the process quality immediately and timely, thereby avoiding the situation where after grouting or after the anchoring tool / expansion tool withdraws from the anchor hole, it is discovered that the expansion degree of the umbrella cage is not up to standard and needs to be reworked through other means, and avoiding the situation where after the expansion drill withdraws from the borehole, it is discovered that the expansion hole diameter is not up to standard and needs to be reworked through traditional hole measuring equipment, thereby achieving instant detection in the construction link instead of post-construction detection, greatly improving the construction efficiency, and avoiding unnecessary and large increases in engineering costs.

[0057] 4. The expansion of the anchor bearing structure of the expansion body in the borehole and the expansion drill can be displayed digitally, stored, analyzed and processed, transmitted and printed, and the detected and analyzed data can be visualized and graphed, replacing the previous qualitative description (whether the expansion has been achieved) with quantitative description (what percentage has the expansion reached, what is the actual deviation, and whether it meets the design requirements for the deviation).

[0058] 5. The existing pile foundation hole measurement technology CN216410132U has changed the practice of placing the main control board and the distance detection module assembly into the borehole and then outputting the detection data to the outside of the borehole through wireless transmission. The present invention separates the main control board from the distance detection module into two parts, one outside the hole and the other inside the hole, so that the main control board avoids the mud and water environment in the borehole, greatly increasing the reliability and stability of the detection equipment. At the same time, for the expansion anchor bearing structure, only the displacement measurement module and the wireless transmission module / communication cable become disposable consumables, which also greatly saves the cost. This makes it possible to achieve mechanization, automation, electronic informationization, and digitization in this field, while ensuring the reliability and stability of the operation of equipment and systems, and achieving economy on the road of technological progress.

[0059] 6. The present invention solves the problem in the prior art that the detection device is difficult to install on the anchoring tool due to its small size, and the problem that the anchoring tool carrying the detection device in and out of the umbrella cage and the anchor hole may easily cause damage to the detection device; solves the problem that the prior art installs the pressure sensor, proximity sensor, and photoelectric sensor on the arrival contact surface and cannot sense the situation that two components that do not need to be close to each other are close to each other or two components are far away from each other, and can only rely on the arrival contact of the two components to give a switch signal (i.e., information on whether the umbrella cage is expanded) but cannot give information on the amount (i.e., the final actual expansion degree of the umbrella cage), and cannot provide accurate basis for construction management personnel to grasp the actual construction deviation, implement the quality acceptance of the umbrella cage / rib cage expansion process, and make subsequent disposal decisions, and is also easily damaged by collision and fails; solves the problem that the prior art uses a measuring tool (measuring rope or measuring rod) to read the reading outside the anchor hole to indirectly judge the situation of the umbrella cage (although the reading can be very accurate, it may not reflect the actual situation of the expansion structure in the anchor hole), and cannot directly measure in the umbrella cage, and the measurement method is abstract and non-intuitive, relatively primitive, relatively simple, and has limited reliability.

[0060] 7. After the expansion anchor bearing structure is unlocked and expanded, reliable and accurate information feedback can be obtained on the final installation status of the pressure box or other force and deformation measuring devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of a certain umbrella-shaped reamer structure for installing a displacement sensor is shown in FIG. Figure 2This is the front view of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchoring structure for installing the displacement sensor. Figure 3 for Figure 2 The right side view of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchoring structure is shown. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of installing displacement sensors for the four-hinged variable diameter steel cage expansion anchor structure. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the communication connection of a control system for measuring the expansion degree of an expansion anchor structure or an expansion degree of a hole expansion drill. Figure 6 It is a top view of the retractable hole-reaming drill in the retracted state. Figure 7 It is a top view of the expansion state of the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill. Figure 8 This is a side view of a reversible and retractable hole-reaming drill equipped with an angle sensor. Fig. 9 The following is a simplified diagram of the expansion state of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure when the expansion degree is 100% displayed on the display screen. Fig.10 This is a simplified diagram of the expansion state of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure when the expansion degree is 89% displayed on the display screen. Fig.11 This is a simplified diagram of the expansion state of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure when the expansion degree is 92% displayed on the display screen. Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of another type of umbrella reamer structure with a displacement sensor installed. Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the umbrella reamer configured for the spiral drilling tool with the displacement sensor installed. Fig.14 This is an example diagram of the installation of a reflective linear displacement sensor; the umbrella-shaped expansion structure can be an anchoring bearing structure or a hole expansion drilling tool; Fig.15 This is an example diagram of installing a beam-type linear displacement sensor in an umbrella-shaped expanded anchor structure for a hollow anchor rod; Fig.16 For D 前 <D 后 The calculation diagram of ; Fig.17 For D 前 <D 后 Parameter annotation diagram when ; Fig.18 For D 前 >D 后 The calculation diagram of ; Fig.19 For D 前 >D 后 Parameter annotation diagram when ;

[0062] Fig. 20 It is the calculation diagram when d=0; Fig.21 This is a calculation example diagram when the expansion degree is greater than 100%; Fig. 22 Schematic diagram for comparing expansion calculation when the folding rods are an even number and an odd number respectively (a top view along the longitudinal direction);

[0063] Among them: 1-system controller, 2-host computer, 3-longitudinal column, 3-1-structural member, 3-2-longitudinal column A, 3-3-longitudinal column B, 4-detection wave, 5-front plate, 6-rear plate, 7-lead plate / front anchor plate, 8-rear support plate / rear anchor plate, 9-camera, 10-transmitter, 11-receiver, 12-drilling, 13-articulation device, 13-1-front articulation device, 13-2-rear articulation device, 14-connector , 14-1-male connector, 14-3-female connector, 15-folding rod, 15-1-long rod, 15-2-short rod, 15-3-longitudinal main reinforcement, 16-hinge pin, 16-1-front hinge pin, 16-2-middle hinge pin, 16-3-rear hinge pin, 16-4-expansion knife hinge pin,, 17-angular displacement sensor, 18-linear displacement sensor, 19-power supply, 20-drill rod, 21-thrust device, 2 2-anchoring tool / expansion tool, 23-hinge, 23-1-front hinge, 23-2-middle hinge, 23-3-rear hinge, 23-5-expansion knife hinge, 25-display, 25-1-display B, 26-button, 27-input device, 28-knife holder, 29-limit device, 29-1-front limit device, 29-2-rear limit device, 30-servo, 31-rotating shaft, 32-anchor bar, 33-expansion knife, 34 - drill bit, 35- channel hole A, 36- channel hole B, 37- power switch, 38- connecting cable, 39- hole expansion, 40- one-way fixing device, 41- load conversion device, 50- reset spring, 51- fixed connection, 52- connection reinforcement part, 53- pressure box, 55- rib beam, 56- light source, 65- groove wall of drill rod, 67- pin hole, 68- drill tooth, 69- spiral wing, 70- lug, 71- expansion angle of expansion knife , 72-stop pin, 73-limiting hole, 75-longitudinal axis, 76-outer membrane bag, 77-stirrup. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to more clearly describe the technical solution of the present invention, some embodiments are listed below, but they cannot be used as limitations of the present invention.

[0065] Example 1: Attachment Figure 2 In order to keep the paper simple, only the first and third groups of folding rods are drawn, and the second (and fourth) groups of folding rods arranged perpendicular to the paper are not drawn.

[0066] Pressure box, return spring, load conversion device, folding rod, long rod, short rod, connector, hinged device, pushing device, longitudinal main reinforcement, one-way fixing device, front hinge, middle hinge, rear hinge, etc. are all prior arts, please see the applicant or relevant previous applications in the industry for details. The longitudinal main reinforcement is the vertical reinforcement of the variable diameter steel cage (it is both a kind of longitudinal member described in this application and a kind of and a part of the folding rod). The front hinge, middle hinge and rear hinge have also been called front hinge, middle hinge and rear hinge.

[0067] The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expansion anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill tool during construction is provided with a system controller 1, which is installed outside the borehole 12; an angular displacement sensor 17 and / or a linear displacement sensor 18 is also provided, which is installed in the expansion anchor structure or the reaming drill tool and connected to the system controller 1;

[0068] Furthermore, the system controller 1 is provided with a display 25, or is also provided with buttons 26 and / or a keyboard;

[0069] Furthermore, the expanded body anchoring structure includes a front plate 5, a rear plate 6, a folding rod 15, a hinge 23, or a longitudinal member at the same time, or a leading plate / front anchoring plate 7 and / or a rear support plate / rear anchoring plate 8 at the same time, or a limit device 29 and / or a backstop device at the same time; the anchor bar 32 is fixedly connected in one direction or fixedly connected or U-shapedly penetrated on the expanded body anchoring structure; or at the same time, the longitudinal member is externally mounted on the anchor bar 32 or internally mounted on the anchor bar 32;

[0070] Or the reaming drill is an umbrella reaming drill or a forward and reverse retractable reaming drill, the umbrella reaming drill is provided with a front plate 5, a rear plate 6, a long rod 15-1, a short rod 15-2, a front hinge 23-1, a middle hinge 23-2, a rear hinge 23-3, and a longitudinal column B 3-3, or at the same time, a connection reinforcement part 52 is provided at the connection between the drill rod 20 and the rear plate 6, and the connection reinforcement part 52 is fixedly connected to the drill rod 20 and the rear plate 6; the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill is provided with a reaming knife 33 and a reaming knife hinge 23-5; the umbrella reaming drill and the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill are both connected to the drilling rig through the drill rod 20;

[0071] Furthermore, the angular displacement sensor 17 is installed on the hinge 23 of the expansion body anchoring structure or the umbrella-shaped expansion drill, or installed on the expansion cutter hinge 23-5 of the forward and reverse retractable expansion drill, or installed on the drill rod groove wall 65;

[0072] and / or, for the expanded body anchoring structure, during the expansion process of the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor 18 cannot be reached and contacted by any component;

[0073] And / or, for the umbrella-shaped reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on the drill rod 20 and / or the longitudinal column B 3-3, or is mounted on the front disk 5 or its accessory components and / or the rear disk 6 or its accessory components, and the linear displacement sensor 18 cannot be reached or contacted by any component.

[0074] Preferably, for the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on any one of the front disc 5 or its accessory components, the rear disc 6 or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate 7, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate 8, and the limiting device 29, and at the same time, any other one of the front disc 5 or its accessory components, the rear disc 6 or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate 7, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate 8, and the limiting device 29 is used as the distance measurement object, or the linear displacement sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on any two of the front disc 5 or its accessory components, the rear disc 6 or its accessory components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate 7, the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate 8, and the limiting device 29; and during the expansion of the expanded body anchoring structure, the two components move away from each other; or the two components approach each other but do not finally reach contact; or the two components finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor 18 is installed backward, so that the linear displacement sensor 18 cannot reach contact;

[0075] or the linear displacement sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the stopper 29, or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the folding rod 15, or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the hinge 23, or mounted on the stopper 29 and / or the hinge 23, or mounted on the stopper 29 and / or the folding rod 15, and the linear displacement sensor 18 cannot be reached or contacted by any member;

[0076] Or the linear displacement sensor 18 is fixedly mounted on the cylinder liner base and / or the piston, and the cylinder liner base and the piston are far away from each other; or the cylinder liner base and the piston are close to each other but never reach contact; or the cylinder liner base and the piston finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor 18 is mounted backward, so that the linear displacement sensor 18 cannot reach contact.

[0077] Preferably, the functions of the display 25 include displaying the data measured by the angular displacement sensor 17 and / or the linear displacement sensor 18 in the form of numbers and / or graphics and / or tables and / or text, or at the same time, the displayed content is a dynamic display synchronized with the construction;

[0078] And / or, a control program is installed in the system controller 1; and / or, a host computer 2 is also provided, and the system controller 1 is in communication connection with the host computer 2; or at the same time, the host computer 2 is also equipped with a display B 25-1 and / or an input device 27;

[0079] And / or, the system controller 1 is also connected to a power supply 19 and is provided with a power switch, or at the same time the system controller 1 is also provided with an indicator light and / or an alarm; or at the same time, the system controller 1 also has a printing function and / or a voice broadcast function and / or a remote conference function.

[0080] Preferably, the angular displacement sensor 17 is fixed to the hinge device 13 or the connector 14 or the folding rod 15, and / or to the hinge pin 16; or, the angular displacement sensor 17 is fixed to the drill rod groove wall 65, and / or to the expansion cutter hinge pin 16-4;

[0081] And / or, for the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) comprises a transmitter 10 and a receiver 11; the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are respectively fixed on any two of the front disc 5 or its auxiliary component, the rear disc 6 or its auxiliary component, the guide plate / front anchor plate 7, the rear support plate / rear anchor plate 8, and the limit device 29, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are arranged opposite to each other; or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are simultaneously fixed on one of the front disc 5, the rear disc 6, the guide plate / front anchor plate 7, the rear support plate / rear anchor plate 8, and the limit device 29, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are arranged in parallel;

[0082] Or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are respectively fixed on the longitudinal member and the limit device 29, or the longitudinal member and the folding rod 15, or the longitudinal member and the hinge 23, or the limit device 29 and the hinge 23, or the limit device 29 and the folding rod 15, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are arranged opposite to each other; or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are simultaneously fixed on one of the longitudinal member, the limit device 29, the folding rod 15 and the hinge 23, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are arranged in parallel;

[0083] Or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are fixed on the cylinder base and the piston respectively, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are installed opposite to each other; or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are fixed on one of the cylinder base and the piston at the same time, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are installed in parallel;

[0084] And / or, for the umbrella-shaped reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor 18 includes a transmitter 10 and a receiver 11; the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are respectively fixed on the drill rod 20 and the longitudinal column B 3-3, or are respectively installed on the front disk 5 or its auxiliary components, the rear disk 6 or its auxiliary components, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are installed oppositely; or the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are simultaneously fixed on the drill rod 20 and one of the longitudinal column B 3-3, or are simultaneously fixed on the front disk 5 or its auxiliary components, the rear disk 6 or its auxiliary components, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are installed in parallel.

[0085] Preferably, a camera 9 is also installed in the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill, and the camera 9 is connected to the system controller 1 in communication; or at the same time, a light source 56 is also provided in the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill; or at the same time, the light source 56 is connected to the system controller 1 through a power cord. Preferably, the function of the display 25 also includes displaying the real-life image captured by the camera 9, or at the same time, the real-life image is dynamically displayed in synchronization with the construction. Preferably, a servo 30 is also provided in the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill, and the camera 9 is connected to the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill through the servo 30, and the camera 9 is rotationally connected to the servo 30 through a rotating shaft 31; the servo 30 is connected to the system controller 1 in communication; or at the same time, the lens of the camera 9 is retractable.

[0086] Preferably, a perfusion tube is further provided to be connected to the expansion anchoring structure;

[0087] And / or, an anchoring tool / expansion tool 22 is also provided, or a pushing device 21 or a pulling device is also provided on the anchoring tool / expansion tool 22; or at the same time, the expansion tool includes a push rod / screw bolt / screw or nut; and / or, a channel hole B 36 is also provided on the guide plate / front anchoring plate 7 and / or the front disk 5 and / or the rear disk 6 and / or the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate 8 to provide the anchoring tool / expansion tool 22 with a movable passage;

[0088] And / or, the connection cable 38 between the angular displacement sensor 17 and / or the linear displacement sensor 18 and the system controller 1 is covered with a threading tube or shares an outer tube with the anchor bar 32 , or is covered inside various protruding components and extends out of the borehole 12 .

[0089] Preferably, the leading plate / front anchor plate 7 and / or the front disk 5 and / or the rear disk 6 and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate 8 have a channel hole A 35 to provide the detection wave 4 to pass through. Preferably, the packaging of the angular displacement sensor 17 and the linear displacement sensor 18 has a waterproof function; and / or the expanded anchor structure is equipped with a membrane bag, or is also equipped with an exhaust pipe and extends outside the anchor hole; and / or, an anchor bar recovery device is also provided;

[0090] and / or, the angular displacement sensor 17 and / or the linear displacement sensor 18 are connected to the system controller 1 by wire;

[0091] And / or, a rib beam 55 is further provided on the rear hinge device 13-2 of the reaming drill;

[0092] And / or, a spiral wing 69 is also provided on the drill rod 20 and / or the longitudinal column B 3-3 of the reaming drilling tool; and / or, a measuring tool is also provided, which is connected to the front plate 5 or the rear plate 6 or the guide plate / front anchor plate 7 or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate 8 and extends backward out of the anchor hole.

[0093] Embodiment 2: As attached Fig. 9 As shown, it is known that when the cage armor expands to the target state of the cage expansion preset by the engineer, the theoretical distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis is 100.05 cm. When the distance between the front plate and the rear plate is measured by the linear displacement sensor in the anchor hole as 104.92 cm, and the camera 9 in the expansion anchor structure (umbrella-shaped expansion structure) is used to observe and confirm that the cage has expanded, and the control program built into the system controller 1 automatically calculates that the actual distance between the middle hinge pins 16-2 is 100.00 cm, it can be concluded that the cage expansion degree = D measured ÷ D theoretical ≈ 100%, and the actual state of the cage is drawn (according to the attached Fig. 9 The simplified diagram shown in the figure is displayed on the display 25 of the system controller 1, and the actual size of the umbrella cage "100.00 cm" is marked on the drawn figure, and the words "expansion 100%" are displayed on the display 25;

[0094] As attached Fig.10 As shown, it is known that when the cage B expands to the target state of the cage expansion preset by the engineer, the theoretical distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis is 100.75 cm. When the distance between the front plate and the rear plate is measured by the linear displacement sensor in the anchor hole as 123.96 cm, and the camera 9 in the expansion anchor structure (umbrella-shaped expansion structure) is used to observe and confirm that the cage has expanded, and the actual distance between the middle hinge pins 16-2 is calculated by the control program as 89.66 cm, it can be concluded that the cage expansion degree = D measured ÷ D theoretical ≈ 89%, and the actual state of the cage is plotted (according to the attached Fig.10 The simplified diagram is shown in the display 25 of the system controller 1, and the actual size of the umbrella cage "89.66cm" is marked on the drawn figure, and the words "expansion 89%" are displayed on the display 25;

[0095] As attached Fig.11 As shown, it is known that when the cage C is expanded to the target state of the cage expansion preset by the engineer, the theoretical distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis is 99.45 cm. When the distance between the front plate and the rear plate is measured by the linear displacement sensor in the anchor hole as 87.23 cm, and the camera 9 in the expansion anchor structure (umbrella-shaped expansion structure) is used to observe and confirm that the cage has expanded, and the actual distance between the middle hinge pins 16-2 is calculated by the control program as 91.50 cm, it can be concluded that the cage expansion degree = D measured ÷ D theoretical ≈ 92%, and the actual state of the cage is drawn (according to the attached Fig.11The diagram is shown in the simplified diagram style on the display 25 of the system controller 1, and the actual size of the umbrella cage "91.50cm" is marked on the drawn figure, and the words "expansion 92%" are displayed on the display 25, see the attached Figure 5 What is displayed on the screen of the middle display 25, or the schematic diagram, data and words displayed on the screen at the same time, are all dynamic displays synchronized with the construction, that is, animated displays; of course, the measurement and screen display can be implemented only by button point control without dynamic display.

[0096] Embodiment 3: As attached Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 7 , Attachment Figure 8 As shown, the angular displacement sensor can be installed at the upper section or the lower end of the expansion knife hinge pin 16-4. The expansion knife expansion angle measured by the angular displacement sensor will also be displayed on the display 25 screen, for example, Figure 7 The expansion angle of the expansion knife If the expansion angle is 90 degrees, the words "expansion angle of expansion knife 90 degrees" will be displayed on the screen accordingly, or different expansion knives will be numbered and their different expansion angles will be displayed, or their expansion degrees will be displayed at the same time, or the screen will also dynamically display the following information. Figure 7 The actual expansion state diagram of the reamer shown, i.e. the animated diagram, and the expansion data and words are all dynamically displayed in sync with the construction; of course, the measurement and screen display can also be implemented by button jog control only, without dynamic display. The expansion angle of the reamer is the angle between the reamer and the tool holder in the expansion state of the reamer. The expansion degree of the forward and reverse retractable reamer drilling tool = the actual expansion angle of the reamer in the anchor hole measured by the angular displacement sensor ÷ the expansion angle of the reamer in the target expansion state preset by the engineer.

[0097] Embodiment 4: As attached Figure 1As shown, the upper end and the upper section of the longitudinal column B 3-3 are movably inserted into the drill rod 20, the rear plate 6, and the rear hinge device 13-2, and the lower end of the longitudinal column B 3-3 is fixedly connected to the front hinge device 13-1; a plurality of pin holes 67 are provided on the longitudinal column B 3-3, and the limit device 29 is inserted into the pin holes 67; a plurality of longitudinal and / or transverse rib beams 55 are provided on the rear hinge device 13-2 for reinforcement, and the drill rod 20 is fixedly connected to the rear plate 6 (for example, threaded connection / pin shaft connection (or called pin connection) / welding, etc.) and fixedly connected to both at the same time by the connection reinforcement part 52 (e.g., threaded connection / welding, etc.) for reinforcement; the linear displacement sensor 18 is installed on the rear plate 6 or the front plate 5 to measure the distance between the two, or installed on the rear hinge device 13-2 to measure the distance between the detection wave 4 source position (linear displacement sensor 18 position) on the rear hinge device 13-2 and the front plate 5, or installed on the front hinge device 13-1 to measure the distance between it and the rear plate 6; and / or the angular displacement sensor 17 is installed on the hinge device 13 or connector 14 or hinge pin 16 of the front hinge 23-1 or the middle hinge 23-2 or the rear hinge 23-3. Or a camera 9 or a light source 56 is also installed at the same time. The limit device 29 limits the position of the rear hinge device 13-2 and also limits the position of the rear plate 6. The folding rod can be 2 groups, or 3 groups, 4 groups or more.

[0098] As attached Fig.12 As shown, the upper end of the longitudinal column B 3-3 is fixedly connected to the rear plate 6 and the rear hinge device 13-2, and the lower end of the longitudinal column B 3-3 is movable through the front hinge device 13-1. The longitudinal column B 3-3 is provided with a plurality of pin holes, and the limit device 29 is penetrated in the pin hole 67; the rear hinge device 13-2 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal and / or transverse rib beams 55 for reinforcement, the drill rod 20 is fixedly connected to the rear plate 6 (for example, threaded connection / pin shaft connection / welding, etc.) and is fixedly connected to both of them at the same time with the connection reinforcement part 52 (for example, threaded connection / welding, etc. ) for reinforcement; the linear displacement sensor 18 is installed on the rear plate 6 or the front plate 5 to measure the distance between the two, or installed on the rear hinge device 13-2 to measure the distance between the detection wave 4 source position (linear displacement sensor 18 position) on the rear hinge device 13-2 and the front plate 5, or installed on the front hinge device 13-1 to measure the distance between it and the rear plate 6; and / or the angular displacement sensor 17 is installed on the hinge device 13 or the connector 14 or the hinge pin 16 of the front hinge 23-1 or the middle hinge 23-2 or the rear hinge 23-3. Or a camera 9 or a light source 56 is also installed at the same time. The limit device 29 limits the front plate 5. The folding rod can be 2 groups, or 3 groups, or 4 groups or more.

[0099] As attached Fig.13As shown, the lower part of the longitudinal column B 3-3 is fixedly connected to the front plate 5, the front plate 5 is fixedly connected to the front part of the longitudinal column B 3-3, the front hinge connects two to one and / or the rear hinge connects two to one, the folding rods can be 2 groups, or 3 groups or 4 groups or more, the rear part of the longitudinal column B 3-3 movably passes through the rear plate 6 and the drill rod 20, the limiting device for the rear plate 6 is set on other parts of the drilling rig outside the drawings (such as the drill rod or the longitudinal column B or the power head or the slide, etc.), and the drill rod 20 is fixedly connected to the rear plate 6; line position The displacement sensor 18 is installed on the rear plate 6 or the front plate 5 to measure the distance between the two, or installed on the rear hinge device 13-2 to measure the distance between the detection wave 4 source position (linear displacement sensor 18 position) on the rear hinge device 13-2 and the front plate 5, or installed on the front hinge device to measure the distance between it and the rear plate 6; and / or the angular displacement sensor 17 is installed on the hinge device 13 or the connector 14 or the hinge pin 16 of the front hinge 23-1 or the middle hinge 23-2 or the rear hinge 23-3. Or the camera 9 or the light source 56 are also installed at the same time. The limiting device 29 limits the front plate 5.

[0100] Embodiment 5: As attached Fig.14 As shown, the linear displacement sensor 18 is indirectly fixed on the front disk 5 through the front hinge device 13-1, and the linear displacement sensor is a reflection type, the detection wave 4 travels in the longitudinal direction, and its transmitter 10 and receiver 11 are fixed on the front disk 5 at the same time, and the transmitter 10 and the receiver 11 are installed in parallel (or called parallel installation).

[0101] Embodiment 6: As attached Figure 2 As shown, two linear displacement sensors 18 are installed, and the distance between the front plate 5 and the rear plate 6 is calculated according to the difference between the two distance measurement data and the thickness of the rear plate 6.

[0102] Embodiment 7: As attached Fig.16 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.18 , Attachment Fig.19As shown in the figure, F and A are two front hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (OZ), S and E are two rear hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (OZ), and F, A, S, and E are located in the same longitudinal section. From a mathematical point of view, the maximum value of the cage diameter in theory is D theory = 2×(OB+g), that is, 2×(OE+EB+g) (when the cage is expanded to the maximum, the short rod is perpendicular to the central axis (OZ), and the reasoning process is omitted. g is the structural thickness, which refers to the distance from the geometric center of the middle hinge pin to the outer edge of the cage, that is, the cumulative thickness of the pin, the long rod and the short rod ends, the stirrups, the membrane bag and other materials outside the geometric center of the middle hinge pin), where ZA is the distance from the front hinge pin to the outer edge of the cage. The distance between the front hinge pin and the center axis (OZ) is as follows: OE is the distance from the rear hinge pin to the center axis (OZ) (O is the intersection of the line / plane of the rear hinge pin and the center axis), EB is the short rod (let the length of the short rod be Lshort, which refers to the distance from the middle hinge pin to the rear hinge pin), AB is the long rod (let the length of the long rod be Llong, which refers to the distance from the front hinge pin to the middle hinge pin), at this time the short rod is perpendicular to the center axis, and the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin and the rear hinge pin (that is, the projection of the distance between the front hinge pin and the rear hinge pin on the longitudinal section, that is, in the longitudinal direction) is AG (the theoretical value corresponding to the umbrella cage with the largest diameter, let it be htheoretical). During the expansion and contraction of the umbrella cage, when the rear end (i.e., point B) of the long rod moves to point Y, the inner end (i.e., point E) of the short rod moves to point K (when the umbrella cage is in the reverse folded state) or point J (when the umbrella cage is in the forward folded state) (correspondingly, point S moves to point P or point Q), at which time the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin and the rear hinge pin is AM (let it be h negative) or AN (let it be h positive); let the net distance between the front plate and the rear plate when the umbrella cage diameter is expanded to the maximum be H rational, and the umbrella cage diameter be D rational (let it be the distance between the two middle hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis plus the thickness of the structure on both sides, or be twice the sum of the distance from any middle hinge pin to the central axis and the thickness of the structure on one side); let the distance between the front plate and the rear plate when the umbrella cage is forward folded or reverse folded be The net distance between the disks is Hmeasured (in addition to this, Hmeasured in this application can also be the distance between any two of the guide plate / front anchor plate, front disk, rear disk, rear support plate / rear anchor plate), the diameter of the umbrella cage is Dmeasured (let it be the distance from the middle hinge pin to the middle hinge pin plus the structural thickness); let the thickness of the rear disk be t; let the smaller of ZA and OE be r; let XY be the lateral distance from the rear hinge pin to the middle hinge pin (that is, the projection of the short rod length L on the horizontal plane, that is, in the lateral direction); let the difference between ZA and OE be d; let the emission point and reflection point of the detection wave emitted by the ranging sensor be located on the structural surface of the front disk / rear disk, and let the distance from the front hinge pin to the front disk surface and the distance from the rear hinge pin to the rear disk surface be h; let the attached Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.19 , Attachment Fig. 22The thickness of the structure at the center hinge is g; let the distance between the two front hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (or twice the distance from any front hinge pin to the central axis) be D 前 , let the distance between the two rear hinge pins symmetrical about the central axis (or twice the distance from any rear hinge pin to the central axis) be D 后 ;

[0103] When the displacement sensor measures the clearance between the front and rear discs, let H 测 is the net distance value;

[0104] Then, when the cage is folded and D 前 <D 后 (Attached Fig.16 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.19 )hour:

[0105]

[0106] in in When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 正 =H 测 +t;

[0107] Or when the cage is folded back and D 前 <D 后 (Attached Fig.16 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.19 )hour,

[0108]

[0109] in in When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 反 =H 测 +t;

[0110] Or, when the cage is folded back and D 前 >D 后 (Attached Fig.18 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.19 )hour:

[0111]

[0112] in in When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 反 =H 测 +t;

[0113] or when the cage is folded and D 前 >D 后 (Attached Fig.18 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.19 )hour,

[0114]

[0115] in in When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 正 =H 测 +t;

[0116] Since the formula derivation belongs to the academic field and does not belong to the technical solution of this application, the derivation process is omitted.

[0117] It should also be pointed out that in engineering practice, engineers may not set the theoretical maximum expansion state (marked by the short rod being perpendicular to the central axis) as the target expansion state. Whether for the expansion body anchoring structure or the expansion drilling tool, for the consideration of the longitudinal compression resistance of the umbrella cage, a slightly positive folding or slightly reverse folding state may be set as the target expansion state (at this time, the short rod is not perpendicular to the central axis, for example, the attached Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, it is necessary to calculate the D theory according to the specific setting of the engineer, and measure the D measurement through the distance sensor, or indirectly calculate the D measurement based on the H measurement measured by the distance sensor, and then calculate the expansion degree according to the expansion degree of the umbrella cage = D measurement ÷ D theory (at this time, the D theory is the diameter of the umbrella cage under the target expansion state set by the engineer. In addition to obtaining it through theoretical calculation according to the structural design given by the engineer, the umbrella cage can also be pre-expanded and contracted outside the anchor hole to obtain D through actual measurement. 理 Data; at this time D 测 It is the diameter of the expanded umbrella cage actually measured by the ranging sensor in the anchor hole, or the distance H between any two of the leading plate / front anchor plate, front plate, rear plate, rear support plate / rear anchor plate calculated based on the data measured by the ranging sensor. 测The calculated diameter of the umbrella cage after expansion in the anchor hole, such as the aforementioned calculation method), in this case, the expansion degree of the umbrella cage may even be greater than 100% (such as described in Example 12). It should also be noted that the reason why it is expressed here as "based on the distance sensor to measure H measurement method" is because the distance sensor may not directly measure and display the distance data between any two of the leading plate / front anchor plate, front disc, rear disc, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, but it may be necessary to convert the measured and displayed data to obtain the distance between any two of the leading plate / front anchor plate, front disc, rear disc, rear support plate / rear anchor plate, such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Fig.12 shown.

[0118] In addition, the expansion formula of the umbrella cage will also change with the specific structure of the umbrella expansion device, the expansion and contraction sliding mode (the sliding disk may be the front disk or the rear disk), the setting of the sliding end position (related to the engineer's comprehensive consideration of factors such as the overall stiffness of the umbrella cage, the strength of the anchor body of the non-expanded section of the main stress layer and its bonding strength with the rock and soil of the hole wall, geological structure, etc.), and the setting of component specifications (such as the change of the lateral spacing of the hinge, such as the longitudinal distance from the front and rear hinge pins to the exit point / reflection point of the detection wave emitted by the ranging sensor may be different, such as the attached Figure 1 As shown, it is possible to implement through-type measurements such as attached Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the D theory and the D measurement calculated by H measurement will change due to the above-mentioned setting changes of the engineer, so: except for the expansion degree of the umbrella cage = D 测 ÷D 理 In addition to being generally applicable to all situations, the expansion degree calculation formula given in this application is only an example of some situations. It needs to be applied in a practical way and needs to be established based on the actual situation, including through H 测 Find various relationship formulas for the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin and the rear hinge pin, D 测 , D 理 The horizontal projection of the long rod, the horizontal projection of the short rod, and L 长 , L 短 Various relationships, etc.

[0119] Embodiment 8: As attached Figure 4As shown, when the distance sensor 18 is installed on the limit device (i.e., the sliding end point of the front plate or the rear plate) 29 or the anchor bar 32 of the variable diameter steel cage in the transverse direction, let the distance value between the transverse detection wave exit point measured by the distance sensor and the longitudinal main bar 15-3 be e, let the installation distance between the transverse detection wave exit point of the distance sensor and the central axis of the variable diameter steel cage be b, then the diameter Dmeasured of the variable diameter steel cage in the expanded state is = 2(e+b); let the ideal expanded state diameter of the variable diameter steel cage given by the engineer be Drational; the structural thickness g is not considered; it should be noted that the length of the long rod may be greater than, equal to, or less than the length of the short rod;

[0120] When the distance measuring sensor 18 is installed at the rear side of the rear plate 6 in the longitudinal direction (the detection wave penetrates the rear plate), according to the structural dimensions of the variable diameter steel cage given by the engineer (including the length of the long rod Llong, the length of the short rod Lshort, the distance h between the hinge point of the long rod and the longitudinal main reinforcement and the hinge point of the short rod and the longitudinal main reinforcement 中 , the distance between the two long rods symmetrical about the central axis and the hinge point of the longitudinal main reinforcement (or twice the distance from the hinge point of any long rod to the central axis) p, the distance between the two short rods symmetrical about the central axis and the hinge point of the longitudinal main reinforcement (or twice the distance from the hinge point of any short rod to the central axis) q), let the distance between the front plate 5 and the rear plate 6 measured by the distance measuring sensor be Hmeasured, or let the angle between the long rod 15-1 and the longitudinal main reinforcement measured by the angular displacement sensor 17 be β, and the angle between the short rod 15-2 and the longitudinal main reinforcement be α, then H 测 =h 中 +L 长 ·cosβ+L 短 ·cosα; and by Calculate D 测 , or by H 测 Convert to D 测 ;

[0121] Therefore, the expansion degree of the variable-diameter steel cage = D measured ÷ D theoretical (D theoretical is the diameter of the variable-diameter steel cage under the ideal expansion state set by the engineer. In addition to obtaining it through theoretical calculation according to the structural design given by the engineer, the variable-diameter steel cage can also be pre-expanded outside the anchor hole to obtain D through actual measurement. 理 Data; D 测 It is the diameter of the variable diameter steel cage actually measured by the distance measuring sensor, or the diameter of the variable diameter steel cage converted from the e value measured by the distance measuring sensor, or the distance H between any two of the leading plate / front anchor plate, front disc, rear disc, rear support plate / rear anchor plate calculated based on the data measured by the distance measuring sensor).

[0122] Embodiment 9: As attached Figure 16-20 As shown, when d = 0,

[0123] When the umbrella cage is folded (with Fig. 20 )hour,

[0124] in or When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 正 =H 测 +t;

[0125] When the umbrella cage is folded back (with Fig. 20 )hour,

[0126] in or When the rear hinge pin is located in front of the rear disc h 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin is behind the rear disc 反 =H 测 +t;

[0127] Among them, the distances from the front hinge pin and the rear hinge pin to the central axis of the umbrella cage are both r, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those described in Example 7.

[0128] Embodiment 10: As attached Figure 2 , Attachment Fig.16 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.18 As shown, when d = 0, let the distance between the front disk 5 and the detection wave emission point measured by the distance measuring sensor 18 be H 1 , let the distance between the rear disc 6 and the detection wave emission point measured by the ranging sensor be H 2 ;

[0129] Then the clear distance from the front disc to the rear disc is H 测 =H 1 -H 2 -t;

[0130] in h 正 =H 测 -2h, and the meanings of the other parameters are the same as those described in Example 7 and Example 9.

[0131] Embodiment 11: As attached Figure 1 , Attachment Fig.16 , Attachment Fig.17 , Attachment Fig.18 As shown, when d=0, let the distance sensor 18 measure the distance from the detection wave emission point to the surface of the front disk 5 as S 测, let the distance between the emission point of the ranging sensor detection wave and the surface of the rear disk be f, then the net distance from the front disk to the rear disk is Hmeasure = Smeasure + f; due to the design that the front hinge is embedded in the front disk (the rear surface of the front disk is the reflection point of the detection wave), hpositive = Hmeasure; at this time,

[0132] in The meanings of the remaining parameters are the same as those described in Example 7 and Example 9.

[0133] Embodiment 12: As attached Fig.21 As shown in the figure, the engineer did not design the target expansion state of the anti-folding umbrella cage according to the theoretical maximum diameter of the umbrella cage 2OB (where OB is the distance from the middle hinge pin to the center axis of the umbrella cage when the short rod is perpendicular to the center axis), but set the target expansion state when the rear disc slides to the target end point and the rear hinge pin line is located at RT. At this time, the theoretical diameter of the umbrella cage is Dtheoretical=2(r+UV+g) (where UV is the lateral distance between the middle hinge pin and the rear hinge pin when the rear disc slides to the target end position); However, due to the installation error of the limit device and the anti-retraction device during the assembly of the umbrella cage, the rear hinge pin line finally stays at PM (that is, the actual target of sliding to RT is not achieved). At this time, the actual diameter of the umbrella cage is Dmeasured=2(r+XY+g) (where XY is the lateral distance between the middle hinge pin and the rear hinge pin when the rear disc slides to the actual end position); The distance between the front disc and the rear disc is measured by the distance sensor, and the distance between FA and PM is converted to hreverse, so that the formula Calculate XY and then calculate D 测 , and then the expansion degree is calculated to be 104% by the expansion degree of the umbrella cage = D measurement ÷ D theory (the calculation process is omitted). In the figure, AB, AY, AV are long rods, EB, MY, TV are short rods, and the meanings of the other parameters are the same as those described in Example 7 and Example 9.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction, characterized in that: A system controller (1) is provided, and the system controller (1) is installed outside the borehole (12); An angular displacement sensor (17) and / or a linear displacement sensor (18) are also provided. The angular displacement sensor (17) and the linear displacement sensor (18) are installed in the expansion anchor structure or the hole expansion drill and are connected to the system controller (1); Furthermore, the system controller (1) is provided with a display (25), or is also provided with buttons (26) and / or a keyboard; Furthermore, the expanded body anchoring structure comprises a front plate (5), a rear plate (6), a folding rod (15), a hinge (23), or a longitudinal member at the same time, or a guide plate / front anchoring plate (7) and / or a rear support plate / rear anchoring plate (8), or a limit device (29) and / or a retreat-stopping device at the same time; the anchor bar (32) is fixedly connected in one direction or fixedly connected or U-shapedly penetrated on the expanded body anchoring structure; or at the same time, the longitudinal member is externally mounted on the anchor bar (32) or internally mounted on the anchor bar (32); Or the reaming drill tool is an umbrella-shaped reaming drill tool or a forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool, the umbrella-shaped reaming drill tool is provided with a front plate (5), a rear plate (6), a long rod (15-1), a short rod (15-2), a front hinge (23-1), a middle hinge (23-2), a rear hinge (23-3), and a longitudinal column B (3-3), or at the same time, a connection reinforcement part (52) is provided at the connection between the drill rod (20) and the rear plate (6), and the connection reinforcement part (52) is fixedly connected to the drill rod (20) and the rear plate (6); the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool is provided with a reaming knife (33) and a reaming knife hinge (23-5); the umbrella-shaped reaming drill tool and the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool are both connected to the drilling machine through the drill rod (20); and, The angular displacement sensor (17) is installed on the hinge (23) of the expansion body anchoring structure or the umbrella-shaped expansion drill, or installed on the expansion cutter hinge (23-5) of the forward and reverse retractable expansion drill, or installed on the drill rod groove wall (65); and / or, for the expanded anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) is arranged in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction, and during the expansion process of the expanded anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) cannot be reached or contacted by any component; And / or, for the umbrella-shaped reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor (18) is installed in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction, and during the expansion process of the reamer anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) cannot be reached or contacted by any component.

2. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the expanded body anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) is fixedly mounted on any one of the front disc (5) or its accessory component, the rear disc (6) or its accessory component, the guide plate / front anchor plate (7), the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8), and the limit device (29), and at the same time, any other one of the front disc (5) or its accessory component, the rear disc (6) or its accessory component, the guide plate / front anchor plate (7), the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8), and the limit device (29) is used as a distance measurement object, or the linear displacement sensor ( 18) are fixedly mounted on any two of the front plate (5) or its auxiliary components, the rear plate (6) or its auxiliary components, the guide plate / front anchor plate (7), the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8), and the limit device (29); and during the expansion of the expansion anchor structure, the two components move away from each other; or the two components approach each other but do not reach contact; or the two components finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor (18) is retracted, so that the linear displacement sensor (18) cannot reach contact; or the linear displacement sensor (18) is fixedly mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the stopper (29), or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the folding rod (15), or mounted on the longitudinal member and / or the hinge (23), or mounted on the stopper (29) and / or the hinge (23), or mounted on the stopper (29) and / or the folding rod (15), and the linear displacement sensor (18) cannot be reached or contacted by any member; Or the linear displacement sensor (18) is fixedly mounted on the cylinder liner base and / or the piston, and the cylinder liner base and the piston are far away from each other; or the cylinder liner base and the piston are close to each other but do not reach contact; or the cylinder liner base and the piston finally reach contact but the linear displacement sensor (18) is installed backward, so that the linear displacement sensor (18) cannot reach contact; For the umbrella-shaped hole-reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor (18) is fixedly mounted on the drill rod (20) and / or the longitudinal column B (3-3), or mounted on the front plate (5) or its auxiliary components and / or the rear plate (6) or its auxiliary components.

3. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functions of the display (25) include displaying the data measured by the angular displacement sensor (17) and / or the linear displacement sensor (18) in the form of numbers and / or graphics and / or tables and / or text, or at the same time, the displayed content is a dynamic display synchronized with the construction; and / or, a control program is installed in the system controller (1); And / or, a host computer (2) is also provided, and the system controller (1) is in communication connection with the host computer (2); or at the same time, the host computer (2) is also provided with a display B (25-1) and / or an input device (27); And / or, the system controller (1) is also connected to a power source (19) and is provided with a power switch, or at the same time, the system controller (1) is also provided with an indicator light and / or an alarm; or at the same time, the system controller (1) also has a printing function and / or a voice broadcast function and / or a remote conference function.

4. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The angular displacement sensor (17) is fixed to the hinge device (13) or the connector (14) or the folding rod (15), and / or to the hinge pin (16); or, the angular displacement sensor (17) is fixed to the drill rod groove wall (65), and / or to the expansion cutter hinge pin (16-4); and / or, For the expanded anchoring structure, the linear displacement sensor (18) comprises a transmitter (10) and a receiver (11); the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are respectively fixed on any two of the front disc (5) or its auxiliary components, the rear disc (6) or its auxiliary components, the guide plate / front anchoring plate (7), the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate (8), and the limiting device (29), and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged opposite to each other; or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are simultaneously fixed on one of the front disc (5), the rear disc (6), the guide plate / front anchoring plate (7), the rear support plate / rear anchoring plate (8), and the limiting device (29), and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged in parallel; or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are respectively fixed on the longitudinal member and the limiting device (29), or the longitudinal member and the folding rod (15), or the longitudinal member and the hinge (23), or the limiting device (29) and the hinge (23), or the limiting device (29) and the folding rod (15), and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged opposite to each other; or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are simultaneously fixed on one of the longitudinal member, the limiting device (29), the folding rod (15) and the hinge (23), and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged in parallel; Or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are fixed on the cylinder base and the piston respectively, and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged opposite to each other; or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are fixed on one of the cylinder base and the piston at the same time, and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are arranged in parallel; And / or, for the umbrella-shaped hole-reaming drill, the linear displacement sensor (18) comprises a transmitter (10) and a receiver (11); the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are respectively fixed on the drill rod (20) and the longitudinal column B (3-3), or are respectively installed on the front plate (5) or its auxiliary components, the rear plate (6) or its auxiliary components, and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are installed opposite to each other; or the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are simultaneously fixed on the drill rod (20) and the longitudinal column B (3-3), or are simultaneously fixed on the front plate (5) or its auxiliary components, the rear plate (6) or its auxiliary components, and the transmitter (10) and the receiver (11) are installed in parallel.

5. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A camera (9) is also installed in the expansion anchoring structure or the expansion drilling tool, and the camera (9) is in communication connection with the system controller (1); Or at the same time, a light source (56) is also provided in the expansion anchoring structure or the expansion drilling tool; or at the same time, the light source (56) is connected to the system controller (1) via a power line.

6. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The function of the display (25) also includes displaying the real scene image captured by the camera (9), or at the same time the real scene image is dynamically displayed in sync with the construction.

7. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: A steering gear (30) is also provided in the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill, and the camera (9) is connected to the body-enlarging anchoring structure or the hole-enlarging drill via the steering gear (30). The camera (9) and the steering gear (30) are rotationally connected via a rotating shaft (31); the steering gear (30) is communicatively connected to the system controller (1); or at the same time, the lens of the camera (9) is retractable. And / or, a perfusion tube is further provided to be connected to the expansion anchoring structure; And / or, an anchoring tool / expansion tool (22) is also provided, or a pushing device (21) or a pulling device is also provided on the anchoring tool / expansion tool (22); or at the same time, the expansion tool includes a push rod / screw bolt / screw rod or nut; And / or, the guide plate / front anchor plate (7) and / or the front plate (5) and / or the rear plate (6) and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8) are also provided with a passage hole B (36) to provide a passage for the anchoring tool / expansion tool (22) to pass through; And / or, the connecting cable (38) between the angular displacement sensor (17) and / or the linear displacement sensor (18) and the system controller (1) is covered with a threading tube or shares an outer tube with the anchor bar (32), or is covered with various protruding components and extends out of the drill hole (12). And / or, the leading plate / front anchor plate (7) and / or the front disk (5) and / or the rear disk (6) and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8) have a channel hole A (35) to provide a passage for the detection wave (4). And / or, the packaging of the angular displacement sensor (17) and the linear displacement sensor (18) has a waterproof function; and / or the expanded anchoring structure is provided with a membrane bag, or is also provided with an exhaust pipe extending outside the anchor hole; And / or, an anchor bar recovery device is also provided; and / or, the angular displacement sensor (17) and / or the linear displacement sensor (18) are connected to the system controller (1) by wire; And / or, a rib beam (55) is further provided on the rear hinge device (13-2) of the reaming drill; And / or, a spiral wing (69) is also provided on the drill rod (20) and / or the longitudinal column B (3-3) of the reaming drilling tool; And / or, a measuring tool is also provided, wherein the measuring tool is connected to the front plate (5) or the rear plate (6) or the guide plate / front anchor plate (7) or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate (8) and extends rearwardly out of the anchor hole.

8. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body expansion anchoring structure is an umbrella-shaped body expansion anchoring structure or a variable diameter steel bar cage, and the hole expansion drill is an umbrella-shaped hole expansion drill or the forward and reverse retractable hole expansion drill; Expansion degree of umbrella cage = diameter of umbrella cage after expansion in anchor hole ÷ diameter of umbrella cage in target expansion state preset by engineer; Expansion degree of variable diameter steel cage = diameter of variable diameter steel cage after expansion in anchor hole ÷ diameter of variable diameter steel cage in target expansion state preset by engineer; wherein, the umbrella cage is the umbrella-shaped expansion anchoring structure or the umbrella-shaped hole expansion drilling tool; The expansion degree of the forward and reverse retractable reaming drill tool = the actual expansion angle of the reaming cutter in the anchor hole / the expansion angle of the reaming cutter in the target expansion state preset by the engineer.

9. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the cage is folded and D 前 <D 后 hour: in in When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6) 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 正 =H 测 +t; Or when the cage is folded back and D 前 <D 后 hour, in in When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 +t; Or, when the cage is folded back and D 前 >D 后 hour: in in When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 +t; or when the cage is folded and D 前 >D 后 hour, in in When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6) 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 正 =H 测 +t; Where: D 前 D is twice the distance from any front hinge pin (16-1) to the central axis (75) or the distance between two front hinge pins (16-1) symmetrical about the central axis (75); 后 D is twice the distance from any rear hinge pin (16-3) to the central axis (75) or the distance between two rear hinge pins (16-3) symmetrical about the central axis (75); 测 D is the actual diameter of the cage after expansion in the anchor hole; 理 is the diameter of the umbrella cage in the target expansion state preset by the engineer; r is the smaller of the distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the central axis (75) and the distance between the rear hinge pin (16-3) and the central axis (75); XY is the lateral distance between the middle hinge pin (16-2) and the rear hinge pin (16-3); g is the structural thickness between the middle hinge pin (16-2) and the outer edge of the umbrella cage, and d is the lateral distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3); L 短 is the length of the short rod (15-2); L 长 is the length of the long rod (15-1); m is the distance from L 长 , L 短 、h 正 or 反 , d related intermediate process parameters, n is related to h 正 or 反 , d related intermediate process parameters; h 反 h is the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3) when the umbrella cage is folded back; 正 H is the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3) when the umbrella cage is folded; 测 is the distance between the rear surface of the front disc (5) and the front surface of the rear disc (6); t is the thickness of the rear disc (6); and h is the distance from the front hinge pin (16-1) to the rear surface of the front disc (5) or from the rear hinge pin (16-3) to the nearest surface of the rear disc (6).

10. The device for detecting the expansion degree of the expanded anchor structure and the expansion degree of the reaming drill during construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: When d = 0, And when the umbrella cage is folded, in or When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6), h 正 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 正 =H 测 +t; Or when the umbrella cage is folded back, in or When the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located in front of the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 -2h, when the rear hinge pin (16-3) is located behind the rear plate (6) 反 =H 测 +t; Where: D 测 D is the actual diameter of the cage after expansion in the anchor hole; 理 is the diameter of the umbrella cage in the target expansion state preset by the engineer; r is the smaller of the distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the central axis (75) and the distance between the rear hinge pin (16-3) and the central axis (75); XY is the lateral distance between the middle hinge pin (16-2) and the rear hinge pin (16-3); g is the structural thickness between the middle hinge pin (16-2) and the outer edge of the umbrella cage, and d is the lateral distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3); L 短 is the length of the short rod (15-2); L 长 h is the length of the long rod (15-1); 反 h is the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3) when the umbrella cage is folded back; 正 H is the longitudinal distance between the front hinge pin (16-1) and the rear hinge pin (16-3) when the umbrella cage is folded; 测 is the distance between the rear surface of the front disc (5) and the front surface of the rear disc (6); t is the thickness of the rear disc (6); and h is the distance from the front hinge pin (16-1) to the rear surface of the front disc (5) or from the rear hinge pin (16-3) to the nearest surface of the rear disc (6).

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