Intelligent biosensor for rapidly detecting bacterial infection

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent biosensor for rapidly detecting bacterial infection, and relates to the technical field of biosensors. The intelligent biosensor for rapidly detecting bacterial infection comprises a biological recognition element, a specific antibody or aptamer is adopted as the recognition element, surface antigens or specific molecules of target bacteria can be specifically recognized, and the recognition element is fixed to the sensitive surface of the sensor through chemical bonding or physical adsorption; an electrochemical sensor or an optical sensor is adopted as the signal conversion element, the electrochemical sensor detects the existence of bacteria by measuring the change of current, potential or impedance, and the optical sensor detects the bacteria by measuring the change of fluorescence intensity, absorbance or reflectivity. By means of the intelligent design, errors of manual operation are reduced, the accuracy and reliability of detection are improved, a user can remotely monitor the detection process and data through the wireless communication function, and it is convenient to obtain results and make decisions in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biosensors, in particular to an intelligent biosensor for rapidly detecting bacterial infection. Background Art

[0002] A biosensor is an instrument that is sensitive to biological substances and converts their concentration into electrical signals for detection. It is an analytical tool or system consisting of immobilized biosensitive materials as recognition elements (including enzymes, antibodies, antigens, microorganisms, cells, tissues, nucleic acids and other bioactive substances), appropriate physical and chemical transducers (such as oxygen electrodes, photosensitive tubes, field effect tubes, piezoelectric crystals, etc.) and signal amplification devices. Biosensors have the functions of receivers and converters. Bacterial infection is one of the main causes of many diseases. Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial infection is crucial for timely treatment and prevention of disease transmission. Traditional bacterial detection methods mainly include bacterial culture, PCR and ELISA.

[0003] Although bacterial culture is the gold standard for detecting bacterial infections, it usually takes 24 to 72 hours to obtain results. In certain emergency situations, such as severe infections or epidemic outbreaks, this long wait may lead to delayed treatment and increase the risk to patients. Traditional detection methods usually require professional technicians to operate and have strict requirements on the laboratory environment. Traditional detection methods are highly dependent on the laboratory environment and cannot be performed on-site at home, community clinics or remote areas. Due to the need for expensive equipment and reagents, as well as the operating costs of professionals, traditional bacterial detection methods are costly. Therefore, technicians in this field provide an intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infections to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection, which solves the problems of the prior art detection methods, such as long detection time, complicated operation, poor portability and high cost.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection, comprising:

[0008] Biorecognition elements use specific antibodies or aptamers as recognition elements, which can specifically recognize surface antigens or specific molecules of target bacteria. The recognition elements are fixed on the sensitive surface of the sensor by chemical bonding or physical adsorption;

[0009] A signal conversion element, which uses an electrochemical sensor or an optical sensor as a signal conversion element. The electrochemical sensor detects the presence of bacteria by measuring changes in current, potential or impedance, and the optical sensor detects bacteria by measuring changes in fluorescence intensity, absorbance or reflectance;

[0010] The signal processing and transmission module integrates a microprocessor and a wireless communication module, which can process and transmit the detection signal in real time. The microprocessor amplifies, filters and digitizes the sensor signal, and the wireless communication module transmits the data to the mobile device or cloud server via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network;

[0011] The power management module uses a rechargeable battery or solar cell as the power source and integrates a power management circuit to ensure stable power supply for the sensor under different working conditions;

[0012] User interface, equipped with a touch screen or LED display, provides an intuitive user interface through which users can view test results, set parameters and receive alarms.

[0013] Preferably, the biometric recognition element comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Sample collection and pretreatment. First, samples to be tested need to be collected from patients or the environment. Sample types include blood, urine, saliva, water and food samples. Use sterile collection tools to collect samples, mark the collected samples, record the collection time, location and patient information, place the samples in sterile containers, use preservation fluid or refrigerate when necessary, use filter membranes or centrifugation to remove impurities and large particles in the samples, concentrate bacteria in the samples by centrifugation or filtration to improve detection sensitivity, and dilute high-concentration samples as needed to avoid detection saturation.

[0015] S2. Preparation of biorecognition elements, chemical modification of the sensor surface, silanization treatment to enhance the fixation effect of the recognition element, fix the recognition element on the sensor surface by chemical bonding or physical adsorption, use a coupling agent to covalently connect the recognition element to the sensor surface, and adsorb the recognition element on the sensor surface by electrostatic or hydrophobic action; select a suitable blocking agent, such as bovine serum albumin or casein, apply the blocking agent to the sensor surface, and incubate for a period of time to block non-specific binding sites;

[0016] S3. Binding of the sample to the biorecognition element: drip the sample to the sample inlet of the sensor, ensure that the sample evenly covers the sensor surface, and incubate under appropriate temperature and time conditions to allow the target bacteria to fully bind to the recognition element. The temperature is room temperature or 37°C. The specific temperature depends on the full binding of the recognition element. The reaction time is 5 minutes to one hour. Select a suitable cleaning solution to rinse the sensor to remove unbound bacteria and impurities.

[0017] S4. Signal generation and detection. After the binding reaction is completed, the binding of the target bacteria and the recognition element will cause changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby generating a detectable signal. Depending on the type of sensor, the corresponding signal is excited, a voltage or current is applied, and the change in the electrical signal is measured. The excitation light is irradiated to measure the change in fluorescence or absorption light. The signal conversion element inside the sensor is used to convert the signal into a measurable electrical signal. A signal amplifier is used to amplify the weak signal. A filter is used to remove noise and interference signals. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

[0018] S5. Result analysis and output: analyze the detected signal to generate the test result, calculate the bacterial concentration based on the signal strength, determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample, use the standard sample to establish a calibration curve, convert the signal strength into bacterial concentration, and determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample based on the preset threshold. The result is output through the user interface for users to view and record, displaying the bacterial concentration, detection time and result status, and displaying the battery power, connection status and error information.

[0019] Preferably, the specific steps of the signal conversion element are:

[0020] S1. Preparation of signal conversion elements. According to the detection requirements and sensor types, select appropriate signal conversion elements. Signal conversion elements include electrochemical sensors and optical sensors. Electrochemical impedance sensors are suitable for detecting impedance changes and are commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology. Fluorescence optical sensors are suitable for detecting fluorescence intensity changes and are commonly used in fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. Prepare standard samples of known concentration for calibration. Use signal conversion elements to measure the signal response of the standard samples. Draw a calibration curve based on the concentration of the standard samples and the corresponding signal response.

[0021] S2. Signal generation, changes in electrode surface impedance caused by bacterial binding, changes in fluorescence intensity of fluorescent markers caused by bacterial binding, applying a constant voltage or current to the sensor, measuring changes in electrical signals, applying an AC voltage, measuring changes in impedance with frequency, irradiating the sensor with excitation light of a specific wavelength, measuring changes in fluorescence or absorption light, and measuring energy transfer efficiency between fluorescent markers;

[0022] S3. Signal acquisition: use an electrochemical workstation to collect the electrical signal of the electrochemical sensor, use a photomultiplier tube to collect the optical signal of the optical sensor, use an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, correctly connect the signal conversion element to the signal acquisition device, start the signal acquisition device, collect the sensor signal in real time, and record the collected data in a memory or computer;

[0023] S4. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude to amplify the collected signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. According to actual needs, adjust the amplification factor to avoid signal saturation or distortion. According to the noise type and frequency, select a suitable filter to filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference. According to actual needs, adjust the filter parameters to optimize the filtering effect. According to the signal frequency and accuracy requirements, select a suitable ADC to convert the filtered analog signal into a digital signal, and store the digitized data in a memory or computer;

[0024] S5. Signal output and result analysis: transmit data to the user interface or data processing system via wired or wireless means, display the signal change curve on a touch screen, LED display or computer screen, export the data as a file for subsequent analysis, use the calibration curve to convert the signal intensity into bacterial concentration, determine whether the target bacteria exists in the sample based on the preset threshold, generate a test report, and record the test results, test time and sample information.

[0025] Preferably, the signal processing and transmission module comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. Signal acquisition: confirm that the signal conversion element matches the connection port of the signal processing module. Use a shielded cable or a dedicated connection cable to connect the sensor output end to the input end of the signal processing module. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid looseness or poor contact during signal transmission. Turn on the power switch of the signal processing module, select the "signal acquisition" mode in the user interface or control software, and set the signal acquisition parameters according to the sensor type and detection requirements.

[0027] S2. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude, set a suitable amplification factor according to the signal strength to avoid signal saturation or distortion, amplify the collected signal, select a suitable filter according to the noise type and frequency, set the filter cutoff frequency and bandwidth according to the signal characteristics, filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference;

[0028] S3. Data transmission: Data transmission is performed through USB, serial port, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network connection. According to the transmission mode, the corresponding transmission parameters are configured, and the "data transmission" mode is selected in the user interface or control software to start the data transmission. Confirm that the data transmission connection is normal and the data can be transmitted in real time;

[0029] S4. Data management: select appropriate storage media based on data volume and access requirements, store received data in the selected storage media, back up data regularly to prevent data loss, clean and normalize data, use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to analyze data, and present analysis results in the form of charts and reports. Select appropriate sharing methods based on data sensitivity and requirements, set corresponding access permissions based on sharing objects, ensure data security, and send data to target individuals or organizations through the selected sharing method.

[0030] Preferably, the power management module comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Power supply selection: calculate the total power consumption requirement based on the power consumption of each module of the sensor, select the appropriate power supply voltage based on the working voltage requirement of the sensor, select the appropriate battery capacity based on the usage time and power consumption of the sensor, and select the appropriate output current based on the peak current requirement of the sensor;

[0032] S2. Connect the power supply. Confirm that the power supply output terminal matches the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Use a suitable power cord to connect the power supply output terminal to the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid power interruption caused by poor contact. Use a screwdriver or other tool to open the battery compartment cover of the sensor. Install the battery into the battery compartment in the correct polarity direction. After installation, close the battery compartment cover to ensure that the battery is firmly fixed.

[0033] S3. Power management configuration: set the appropriate charging current and charging cut-off voltage according to the battery type and capacity, set the appropriate discharge cut-off voltage to avoid damage caused by over-discharge of the battery, set the power management strategy according to the usage scenario, select the "power management" mode in the user interface or control software, start the power management module, monitor the voltage, current and temperature status parameters of the power supply in real time, and adjust the power management strategy according to the power status to ensure stable power supply;

[0034] S4. Power monitoring: connect the power management module to the monitoring device, start the monitoring software of the power management module, check the power status parameters, set the appropriate alarm threshold according to the power type and requirements, identify the power anomaly type according to the monitoring data, take corresponding emergency measures according to the anomaly type, and repair the power problem;

[0035] S5. Power supply maintenance, check whether the battery is swollen, leaking or deformed. Use a multimeter to measure the battery voltage to ensure that the voltage is within the normal range. Check the power connection line to ensure that the connection is firm and there is no damage or aging.

[0036] (III) Beneficial effects

[0037] The present invention provides an intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection.

[0038] Beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. In the present invention, the biosensor can complete bacterial detection within a few minutes, which significantly shortens the detection time. The sensor can collect and analyze sample data in real time and provide instant test results. In clinical diagnosis, rapid detection can greatly shorten the patient's waiting time and help to timely treat and control the infection.

[0040] 2. In the present invention, the high sensitivity enables the sensor to detect early bacterial infection, which is helpful for early intervention and treatment. The high specificity reduces the risk of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis and improves the accuracy of diagnosis.

[0041] 3. In the present invention, the portability enables the sensor to be used in remote areas, emergency situations or environments with limited resources. The simple operation steps and intuitive user interface allow non-professionals to use it easily, thus expanding the scope of application.

[0042] 4. In the present invention, the intelligent design reduces the errors of manual operation and improves the accuracy and reliability of detection. The wireless communication function enables users to remotely monitor the detection process and data, making it easier to obtain results and make decisions in a timely manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection, comprising:

[0047] Biorecognition elements use specific antibodies or aptamers as recognition elements, which can specifically recognize surface antigens or specific molecules of target bacteria. The recognition elements are fixed on the sensitive surface of the sensor by chemical bonding or physical adsorption;

[0048] A signal conversion element, which uses an electrochemical sensor or an optical sensor as a signal conversion element. The electrochemical sensor detects the presence of bacteria by measuring changes in current, potential or impedance, and the optical sensor detects bacteria by measuring changes in fluorescence intensity, absorbance or reflectance;

[0049] The signal processing and transmission module integrates a microprocessor and a wireless communication module, which can process and transmit the detection signal in real time. The microprocessor amplifies, filters and digitizes the sensor signal, and the wireless communication module transmits the data to the mobile device or cloud server via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network;

[0050] The power management module uses a rechargeable battery or solar cell as the power source and integrates a power management circuit to ensure stable power supply for the sensor under different working conditions;

[0051] User interface, equipped with a touch screen or LED display, provides an intuitive user interface through which users can view test results, set parameters and receive alarms.

[0052] The biometric recognition element includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Sample collection and pretreatment. First, samples to be tested need to be collected from patients or the environment. Sample types include blood, urine, saliva, water and food samples. Use sterile collection tools to collect samples, mark the collected samples, record the collection time, location and patient information, place the samples in sterile containers, use preservation fluid or refrigerate when necessary, use filter membranes or centrifugation to remove impurities and large particles in the samples, concentrate bacteria in the samples by centrifugation or filtration to improve detection sensitivity, and dilute high-concentration samples as needed to avoid detection saturation.

[0054] S2. Preparation of biorecognition elements, chemical modification of the sensor surface, silanization treatment to enhance the fixation effect of the recognition element, fix the recognition element on the sensor surface by chemical bonding or physical adsorption, use a coupling agent to covalently connect the recognition element to the sensor surface, and adsorb the recognition element on the sensor surface by electrostatic or hydrophobic action; select a suitable blocking agent, such as bovine serum albumin or casein, apply the blocking agent to the sensor surface, and incubate for a period of time to block non-specific binding sites;

[0055] S3. Binding of the sample to the biorecognition element: drip the sample to the sample inlet of the sensor, ensure that the sample evenly covers the sensor surface, and incubate under appropriate temperature and time conditions to allow the target bacteria to fully bind to the recognition element. The temperature is room temperature or 37°C. The specific temperature depends on the full binding of the recognition element. The reaction time is 5 minutes to one hour. Select a suitable cleaning solution to rinse the sensor to remove unbound bacteria and impurities.

[0056] S4. Signal generation and detection. After the binding reaction is completed, the binding of the target bacteria and the recognition element will cause changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby generating a detectable signal. Depending on the type of sensor, the corresponding signal is excited, a voltage or current is applied, and the change in the electrical signal is measured. The excitation light is irradiated to measure the change in fluorescence or absorption light. The signal conversion element inside the sensor is used to convert the signal into a measurable electrical signal. A signal amplifier is used to amplify the weak signal. A filter is used to remove noise and interference signals. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

[0057] S5. Result analysis and output: analyze the detected signal to generate the test result, calculate the bacterial concentration based on the signal strength, determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample, use the standard sample to establish a calibration curve, convert the signal strength into bacterial concentration, and determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample based on the preset threshold. The result is output through the user interface for users to view and record, displaying the bacterial concentration, detection time and result status, and displaying the battery power, connection status and error information.

[0058] Specific steps of signal conversion components:

[0059] S1. Preparation of signal conversion elements. According to the detection requirements and sensor types, select appropriate signal conversion elements. Signal conversion elements include electrochemical sensors and optical sensors. Electrochemical impedance sensors are suitable for detecting impedance changes and are commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology. Fluorescence optical sensors are suitable for detecting fluorescence intensity changes and are commonly used in fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. Prepare standard samples of known concentration for calibration. Use signal conversion elements to measure the signal response of the standard samples. Draw a calibration curve based on the concentration of the standard samples and the corresponding signal response.

[0060] S2. Signal generation, changes in electrode surface impedance caused by bacterial binding, changes in fluorescence intensity of fluorescent markers caused by bacterial binding, applying a constant voltage or current to the sensor, measuring changes in electrical signals, applying an AC voltage, measuring changes in impedance with frequency, irradiating the sensor with excitation light of a specific wavelength, measuring changes in fluorescence or absorption light, and measuring energy transfer efficiency between fluorescent markers;

[0061] S3. Signal acquisition: use an electrochemical workstation to collect the electrical signal of the electrochemical sensor, use a photomultiplier tube to collect the optical signal of the optical sensor, use an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, correctly connect the signal conversion element to the signal acquisition device, start the signal acquisition device, collect the sensor signal in real time, and record the collected data in a memory or computer;

[0062] S4. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude to amplify the collected signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. According to actual needs, adjust the amplification factor to avoid signal saturation or distortion. According to the noise type and frequency, select a suitable filter to filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference. According to actual needs, adjust the filter parameters to optimize the filtering effect. According to the signal frequency and accuracy requirements, select a suitable ADC to convert the filtered analog signal into a digital signal, and store the digitized data in a memory or computer;

[0063] S5. Signal output and result analysis: transmit data to the user interface or data processing system via wired or wireless means, display the signal change curve on a touch screen, LED display or computer screen, export the data as a file for subsequent analysis, use the calibration curve to convert the signal intensity into bacterial concentration, determine whether the target bacteria exists in the sample based on the preset threshold, generate a test report, and record the test results, test time and sample information.

[0064] The signal processing and transmission module includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. Signal acquisition: confirm that the signal conversion element matches the connection port of the signal processing module. Use a shielded cable or a dedicated connection cable to connect the sensor output end to the input end of the signal processing module. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid looseness or poor contact during signal transmission. Turn on the power switch of the signal processing module, select the "signal acquisition" mode in the user interface or control software, and set the signal acquisition parameters according to the sensor type and detection requirements.

[0066] S2. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude, set a suitable amplification factor according to the signal strength to avoid signal saturation or distortion, amplify the collected signal, select a suitable filter according to the noise type and frequency, set the filter cutoff frequency and bandwidth according to the signal characteristics, filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference;

[0067] S3. Data transmission: Data transmission is performed through USB, serial port, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network connection. According to the transmission mode, the corresponding transmission parameters are configured, and the "data transmission" mode is selected in the user interface or control software to start the data transmission. Confirm that the data transmission connection is normal and the data can be transmitted in real time;

[0068] S4. Data management: select appropriate storage media based on data volume and access requirements, store received data in the selected storage media, back up data regularly to prevent data loss, clean and normalize data, use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to analyze data, and present analysis results in the form of charts and reports. Select appropriate sharing methods based on data sensitivity and requirements, set corresponding access permissions based on sharing objects, ensure data security, and send data to target individuals or organizations through the selected sharing method.

[0069] The power management module includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Power supply selection: calculate the total power consumption requirement based on the power consumption of each module of the sensor, select the appropriate power supply voltage based on the working voltage requirement of the sensor, select the appropriate battery capacity based on the usage time and power consumption of the sensor, and select the appropriate output current based on the peak current requirement of the sensor;

[0071] S2. Connect the power supply. Confirm that the power supply output terminal matches the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Use a suitable power cord to connect the power supply output terminal to the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid power interruption caused by poor contact. Use a screwdriver or other tool to open the battery compartment cover of the sensor. Install the battery into the battery compartment in the correct polarity direction. After installation, close the battery compartment cover to ensure that the battery is firmly fixed.

[0072] S3. Power management configuration: set the appropriate charging current and charging cut-off voltage according to the battery type and capacity, set the appropriate discharge cut-off voltage to avoid damage caused by over-discharge of the battery, set the power management strategy according to the usage scenario, select the "power management" mode in the user interface or control software, start the power management module, monitor the voltage, current and temperature status parameters of the power supply in real time, and adjust the power management strategy according to the power status to ensure stable power supply;

[0073] S4. Power monitoring: connect the power management module to the monitoring device, start the monitoring software of the power management module, check the power status parameters, set the appropriate alarm threshold according to the power type and requirements, identify the power anomaly type according to the monitoring data, take corresponding emergency measures according to the anomaly type, and repair the power problem;

[0074] S5. Power supply maintenance, check whether the battery is swollen, leaking or deformed. Use a multimeter to measure the battery voltage to ensure that the voltage is within the normal range. Check the power connection line to ensure that the connection is firm and there is no damage or aging.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection, characterized in that: include: Biorecognition elements use specific antibodies or aptamers as recognition elements, which can specifically recognize surface antigens or specific molecules of target bacteria. The recognition elements are fixed on the sensitive surface of the sensor by chemical bonding or physical adsorption; A signal conversion element, which uses an electrochemical sensor or an optical sensor as a signal conversion element. The electrochemical sensor detects the presence of bacteria by measuring changes in current, potential or impedance, and the optical sensor detects bacteria by measuring changes in fluorescence intensity, absorbance or reflectance; The signal processing and transmission module integrates a microprocessor and a wireless communication module, which can process and transmit the detection signal in real time. The microprocessor amplifies, filters and digitizes the sensor signal, and the wireless communication module transmits the data to the mobile device or cloud server via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network; The power management module uses a rechargeable battery or solar cell as the power source and integrates a power management circuit to ensure stable power supply for the sensor under different working conditions; User interface, equipped with a touch screen or LED display, provides an intuitive user interface through which users can view test results, set parameters and receive alarms.

2. The intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biometric recognition element comprises the following steps: S1. Sample collection and pretreatment. First, samples to be tested need to be collected from patients or the environment. Sample types include blood, urine, saliva, water and food samples. Use sterile collection tools to collect samples, mark the collected samples, record the collection time, location and patient information, place the samples in sterile containers, use preservation fluid or refrigerate when necessary, use filter membranes or centrifugation to remove impurities and large particles in the samples, concentrate bacteria in the samples by centrifugation or filtration to improve detection sensitivity, and dilute high-concentration samples as needed to avoid detection saturation. S2. Preparation of biorecognition elements, chemical modification of the sensor surface, silanization treatment to enhance the fixation effect of the recognition element, fix the recognition element on the sensor surface by chemical bonding or physical adsorption, use a coupling agent to covalently connect the recognition element to the sensor surface, and adsorb the recognition element on the sensor surface by electrostatic or hydrophobic action; select a suitable blocking agent, such as bovine serum albumin or casein, apply the blocking agent to the sensor surface, and incubate for a period of time to block non-specific binding sites; S3. Binding of the sample to the biorecognition element: drip the sample to the sample inlet of the sensor, ensure that the sample evenly covers the sensor surface, and incubate under appropriate temperature and time conditions to allow the target bacteria to fully bind to the recognition element. The temperature is room temperature or 37°C. The specific temperature depends on the full binding of the recognition element. The reaction time is 5 minutes to one hour. Select a suitable cleaning solution to rinse the sensor to remove unbound bacteria and impurities. S4. Signal generation and detection. After the binding reaction is completed, the binding of the target bacteria and the recognition element will cause changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby generating a detectable signal. Depending on the type of sensor, the corresponding signal is excited, a voltage or current is applied, and the change in the electrical signal is measured. The excitation light is irradiated to measure the change in fluorescence or absorption light. The signal conversion element inside the sensor is used to convert the signal into a measurable electrical signal. A signal amplifier is used to amplify the weak signal. A filter is used to remove noise and interference signals. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. S5. Result analysis and output: analyze the detected signal to generate the test result, calculate the bacterial concentration based on the signal strength, determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample, use the standard sample to establish a calibration curve, convert the signal strength into bacterial concentration, and determine whether the target bacteria are in the sample based on the preset threshold. The result is output through the user interface for users to view and record, displaying the bacterial concentration, detection time and result status, and displaying the battery power, connection status and error information.

3. The intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the signal conversion element are: S1. Preparation of signal conversion elements. According to the detection requirements and sensor types, select appropriate signal conversion elements. Signal conversion elements include electrochemical sensors and optical sensors. Electrochemical impedance sensors are suitable for detecting impedance changes and are commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology. Fluorescence optical sensors are suitable for detecting fluorescence intensity changes and are commonly used in fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. Prepare standard samples of known concentration for calibration. Use signal conversion elements to measure the signal response of the standard samples. Draw a calibration curve based on the concentration of the standard samples and the corresponding signal response. S2. Signal generation, changes in electrode surface impedance caused by bacterial binding, changes in fluorescence intensity of fluorescent markers caused by bacterial binding, applying a constant voltage or current to the sensor, measuring changes in electrical signals, applying an AC voltage, measuring changes in impedance with frequency, irradiating the sensor with excitation light of a specific wavelength, measuring changes in fluorescence or absorption light, and measuring energy transfer efficiency between fluorescent markers; S3. Signal acquisition: use an electrochemical workstation to collect the electrical signal of the electrochemical sensor, use a photomultiplier tube to collect the optical signal of the optical sensor, use an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, correctly connect the signal conversion element to the signal acquisition device, start the signal acquisition device, collect the sensor signal in real time, and record the collected data in a memory or computer; S4. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude to amplify the collected signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. According to actual needs, adjust the amplification factor to avoid signal saturation or distortion. According to the noise type and frequency, select a suitable filter to filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference. According to actual needs, adjust the filter parameters to optimize the filtering effect. According to the signal frequency and accuracy requirements, select a suitable ADC to convert the filtered analog signal into a digital signal, and store the digitized data in a memory or computer; S5. Signal output and result analysis: transmit data to the user interface or data processing system via wired or wireless means, display the signal change curve on a touch screen, LED display or computer screen, export the data as a file for subsequent analysis, use the calibration curve to convert the signal intensity into bacterial concentration, determine whether the target bacteria exists in the sample based on the preset threshold, generate a test report, and record the test results, test time and sample information.

4. The intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing and transmission module comprises the following steps: S1. Signal acquisition: confirm that the signal conversion element matches the connection port of the signal processing module. Use a shielded cable or a dedicated connection cable to connect the sensor output end to the input end of the signal processing module. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid looseness or poor contact during signal transmission. Turn on the power switch of the signal processing module, select the "signal acquisition" mode in the user interface or control software, and set the signal acquisition parameters according to the sensor type and detection requirements. S2. Signal processing: select a suitable amplifier according to the signal type and amplitude, set a suitable amplification factor according to the signal strength to avoid signal saturation or distortion, amplify the collected signal, select a suitable filter according to the noise type and frequency, set the filter cutoff frequency and bandwidth according to the signal characteristics, filter the amplified signal to remove noise and interference; S3. Data transmission: Data transmission is performed through USB, serial port, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or cellular network connection. According to the transmission mode, the corresponding transmission parameters are configured, and the "data transmission" mode is selected in the user interface or control software to start the data transmission. Confirm that the data transmission connection is normal and the data can be transmitted in real time; S4. Data management: select appropriate storage media based on data volume and access requirements, store received data in the selected storage media, back up data regularly to prevent data loss, clean and normalize data, use statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to analyze data, and present analysis results in the form of charts and reports. Select appropriate sharing methods based on data sensitivity and requirements, set corresponding access permissions based on sharing objects, ensure data security, and send data to target individuals or organizations through the selected sharing method.

5. The intelligent biosensor for rapid detection of bacterial infection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module comprises the following steps: S1. Power supply selection: calculate the total power consumption requirement based on the power consumption of each module of the sensor, select the appropriate power supply voltage based on the working voltage requirement of the sensor, select the appropriate battery capacity based on the usage time and power consumption of the sensor, and select the appropriate output current based on the peak current requirement of the sensor; S2. Connect the power supply. Confirm that the power supply output terminal matches the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Use a suitable power cord to connect the power supply output terminal to the power supply input terminal of the sensor. Ensure that the connection is firm to avoid power interruption caused by poor contact. Use a screwdriver or other tool to open the battery compartment cover of the sensor. Install the battery into the battery compartment in the correct polarity direction. After installation, close the battery compartment cover to ensure that the battery is firmly fixed. S3. Power management configuration: set the appropriate charging current and charging cut-off voltage according to the battery type and capacity, set the appropriate discharge cut-off voltage to avoid damage caused by over-discharge of the battery, set the power management strategy according to the usage scenario, select the "power management" mode in the user interface or control software, start the power management module, monitor the voltage, current and temperature status parameters of the power supply in real time, and adjust the power management strategy according to the power status to ensure stable power supply; S4. Power monitoring: connect the power management module to the monitoring device, start the monitoring software of the power management module, check the power status parameters, set the appropriate alarm threshold according to the power type and requirements, identify the power anomaly type according to the monitoring data, take corresponding emergency measures according to the anomaly type, and repair the power problem; S5. Power supply maintenance, check whether the battery is swollen, leaking or deformed. Use a multimeter to measure the battery voltage to ensure that the voltage is within the normal range. Check the power connection line to ensure that the connection is firm and there is no damage or aging.

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