Method and system for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of coral habitat suitability assessment, and discloses a method and system for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability. The method comprises: obtaining hydrodynamic parameters of a target area under the influence of wave-breaking structures; constructing a judgment matrix for the impact of hydrodynamic factors on coral habitat suitability based on the analytic hierarchy process, and calculating the initial weights of each hydrodynamic factor; dynamically correcting the initial weights based on the coral tolerance threshold to obtain corrected dynamic weights; calculating a temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index based on the dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters; calculating a weighted habitat area dynamic value based on the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index; and determining the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the weighted habitat area dynamic value and a baseline value without wave-breaking structures. This solution can scientifically quantify the impact of wave-breaking structures on coral habitats, providing a precise and coordinated decision-making basis for engineering optimization and ecological protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coral habitat suitability assessment, and in particular relates to a method and system for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability. Background Art

[0002] Coral reefs are home to numerous marine organisms, providing exceptionally high biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, island and reef areas often rely on structures such as breakwaters and artificial reefs to mitigate storm surge erosion and protect infrastructure and residents. These structures can alter local hydrodynamic conditions and impact coral habitats.

[0003] Existing technologies for assessing the ecological impact of marine projects suffer from systemic flaws, primarily in weight allocation, model architecture, and grading standards. While the traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can integrate expert experience, its weight calculation relies entirely on manual scoring and fails to incorporate ecological data such as coral physiological tolerance thresholds. This results in significant deviations between weight allocation and the actual survival needs of corals. Secondly, existing habitat suitability index (HSI) models are mostly based on static hydrodynamic field data, reflecting environmental conditions at a single point in time. They are unable to quantify the cumulative effects of long-term hydrodynamic fluctuations caused by wave-breaking projects (such as tidal cycles and typhoon-season wave intensification) on coral communities, leading to the risk of misjudging short-term data and long-term ecological responses. Finally, existing models lack effective mechanisms for handling extreme scenarios where multiple factors synergistically exceed thresholds. When wave height, current velocity, and water depth simultaneously exceed coral tolerance limits, the weight normalization process fails due to the denominator being zero, resulting in distorted calculation results or program errors, seriously compromising the robustness of the assessment system.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an assessment method for the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats, which can achieve scientific quantification of the impact of wave-breaking structures on coral habitats and provide a basis for accurate coordinated decision-making for engineering optimization and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats, which can achieve scientific quantification of the impact of wave-breaking structures on coral habitats and provide a precise and coordinated decision-making basis for engineering optimization and ecological protection.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Using a hydrodynamic model to simulate the target area, the hydrodynamic parameters are obtained with and without the influence of wave-breaking structures. The hydrodynamic parameters include the spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity, and water depth.

[0008] S2. Construct a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability based on the analytic hierarchy process and calculate the initial weights of each hydrodynamic factor; the hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity, and water depth;

[0009] S3, dynamically modifying the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain a modified dynamic weight;

[0010] S4. Calculate the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index based on dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters;

[0011] S5. Calculate the dynamic value of weighted habitat area based on the temporal and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index;

[0012] S6. Determine the impact level of wave-break structures on coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the dynamic value of weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-break structures.

[0013] Furthermore, in S3, the initial weights are dynamically modified according to the coral tolerance threshold, and the modified dynamic weights include:

[0014] S31. Determine the tolerance threshold curve of corals through experiments;

[0015] S32. Obtain the upper and lower tolerance thresholds of the coral to each hydrodynamic factor based on the tolerance threshold curve;

[0016] S33, respectively determining whether the measured value of each hydrodynamic factor exceeds the corresponding upper or lower tolerance threshold; if so, assigning the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor to 0; otherwise, assigning the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor to the initial weight;

[0017] S34. Normalize the dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors to obtain the corrected dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors.

[0018] Furthermore, in S33, if the dynamic weights of all hydrodynamic factors are assigned a value of 0, the subsequent steps are stopped and the impact level of the wave-breaking structure on the suitability of the coral habitat is directly output as a negative impact.

[0019] Furthermore, in S4, the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index is calculated based on dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters, including:

[0020] S41, dividing the target area into a number of grid units according to a preset resolution;

[0021] S42. Define piecewise functions of suitability of each hydrodynamic factor;

[0022] S43, calculating the wave height suitability value, flow velocity suitability value, and water depth suitability value of each grid cell according to the measured values of each hydrodynamic factor of the suitability piecewise function;

[0023] S44, obtaining an instantaneous suitability index for each grid cell by weighted summing the modified dynamic weights of each hydrodynamic factor and the suitability values corresponding to each hydrodynamic factor;

[0024] S45. Calculate the average value of all instantaneous suitability indices of each grid cell within a preset time series to obtain a temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index of each grid cell.

[0025] Furthermore, in S42, the suitability piecewise functions of each hydrodynamic factor include:

[0026] ;

[0027] Where X represents any hydrodynamic factor, f(X) represents the suitability value of the hydrodynamic factor, x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor, and x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor. min represents the lower limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x max represents the upper limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x opt Represents the ideal value of the hydrodynamic factor.

[0028] Furthermore, in S5, the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area is calculated based on the temporal and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index, including:

[0029] ;

[0030] Where WUA represents the dynamic value of weighted habitat area, j represents the jth grid cell, N represents the total number of grid cells, and A j represents the area of the jth grid cell, HSI 累计,j represents the spatial and temporal cumulative habitat suitability index of the j-th grid cell.

[0031] Furthermore, in S6, based on the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures, the impact level of wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability is determined as follows:

[0032] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is less than the first preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is negative;

[0033] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than or equal to the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is neutral;

[0034] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than the second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is positive.

[0035] The present invention also provides a system for evaluating the suitability of coral habitats for island and reef wave-breaking structures, which is used to implement any of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the suitability of coral habitats for island and reef wave-breaking structures. The system includes the following modules:

[0036] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of the target area with and without the influence of wave-breaking structures through hydrodynamic model simulation. The hydrodynamic parameters include the spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity and water depth;

[0037] The weight setting module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to construct a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability based on the hierarchical analysis method and calculate the initial weight of each hydrodynamic factor; the hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity and water depth;

[0038] The weight correction module is connected to the weight setting module and is used to dynamically correct the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain the corrected dynamic weight;

[0039] A suitability index calculation module, connected to the weight correction module and the data acquisition module, is used to calculate the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index based on dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters;

[0040] The weighted habitat area calculation module is connected to the suitability index calculation module and is used to calculate the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area based on the temporal and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index;

[0041] The rating module is connected to the weighted habitat area calculation module and is used to determine the impact level of wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats based on the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0043] Based on the coral physiological tolerance threshold curve, this scheme embeds the ecological response patterns of hydrodynamic factors such as wave height, flow velocity, and water depth into the weight calculation process of the hierarchical analysis method. By determining in real time whether measured values exceed the coral survival limit, the weight proportions of various factors are dynamically adjusted, achieving a shift in weight allocation from static experience-driven to ecological data-driven. Utilizing time-series hydrodynamic field data, a spatiotemporal cumulative suitability index model is established, combining instantaneous hydrodynamic parameters with long-term environmental fluctuations. A piecewise suitability function is used to quantify coral adaptability to dynamic environments, capturing the cumulative effects of habitat changes caused by wave-breaking engineering over time. For extreme scenarios where multiple factors collaboratively exceed thresholds, a mechanism is designed that combines forced zeroing of weights with backup rules. Combined with the ecological definition of complete coral habitat loss, this approach ensures the mathematical rationality and ecological consistency of the assessment results in complex environments. Through these technical means, this scheme achieves a full-chain analysis of the engineering parameters, hydrodynamic fields, and ecological responses, providing scientific support for the eco-friendly design of island and reef protection projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 1. A schematic diagram of a flow rate tolerance threshold curve of corals provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flow velocity distribution diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention when there is no wave-breaking structure in a certain area;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a system for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability. Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , the method comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1. The hydrodynamic parameters of the target area with and without the influence of wave-breaking structures are obtained through hydrodynamic model simulation. The hydrodynamic parameters include the spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity and water depth.

[0052] For example, Figure 3 This is a flow velocity distribution diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention when there is no wave-breaking structure in a certain area. The hydrodynamic parameters when there is no wave-breaking structure are used to calculate the weighted habitat area when there is no wave-breaking structure as the baseline value WUA0 without wave-breaking structure.

[0053] S2. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability was constructed, and the initial weights of each hydrodynamic factor were calculated.

[0054] Among them, hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity and water depth.

[0055] For example, 10 coral ecology and marine engineering experts can compare the importance of hydrodynamic factors in pairs (1-9 scale method) to form a judgment matrix, as shown in Table 1:

[0056] Table 1 Judgment Matrix

[0057]

[0058] S3. Dynamically modify the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain a modified dynamic weight.

[0059] In some embodiments, S3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0060] S31. Determine the tolerance threshold curve of corals through experiments.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 2 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of a coral tolerance threshold curve for flow rate, see Figure 2 The coral tolerance threshold curve can be determined through laboratory destructive tests and long-term field observations. In laboratory tests, by gradually increasing wave height, flow rate or changing water depth conditions, the physiological responses of coral samples (such as tissue damage and decreased calcification rate) are observed to determine the limit value that corals can tolerate. Figure 2 The curve shown is for reference only. The specific curve needs to be obtained through experiments or on-site measurements based on different research locations and different research objects.

[0062] S32. Obtain the upper and lower tolerance thresholds of the coral to each hydrodynamic factor according to the tolerance threshold curve.

[0063] Among them, the upper and lower limits of the tolerance threshold correspond to the critical value of coral death and the minimum survival conditions, respectively. For example, the upper limit of wave height is the critical wave height for the breakage of the coral skeleton, and the lower limit of flow velocity is the minimum flow velocity required for the attachment of coral larvae.

[0064] S33. Determine whether the measured value of each hydrodynamic factor exceeds the corresponding upper tolerance threshold or lower tolerance threshold.

[0065] If so, the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor is assigned to 0; otherwise, the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor is assigned to the initial weight.

[0066] Furthermore, if the dynamic weights of all hydrodynamic factors are assigned a value of 0, the subsequent steps are stopped and the impact level of the wave-breaking structure on the suitability of the coral habitat is directly output as a negative impact.

[0067] When the dynamic weights of all hydrodynamic factors are assigned a value of zero, it indicates that all hydrodynamic parameters in the target area exceed the tolerance limit of the coral, and the coral habitat is judged to be completely lost. The system automatically skips the subsequent calculation steps and directly outputs the impact level of wave-breaking structures on coral habitats as a negative impact, avoiding calculation errors caused by the normalized denominator being zero. This rule is based on the principles of coral ecology. When wave height, flow rate and water depth simultaneously exceed the survival limit of corals, corals cannot complete basic physiological activities such as feeding and reproduction, which will lead to population extinction in the short term. Directly outputting the negative impact level can improve the evaluation efficiency in extreme scenarios while ensuring that the results are in line with ecological common sense.

[0068] S34. Normalize the dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors to obtain the corrected dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors.

[0069] Normalization involves dividing the dynamic weights of each hydrodynamic factor by their total weights, ensuring that the corrected dynamic weights still sum to 1. For example, if wave height exceeds a threshold, causing its weight to be zero, the remaining velocity and depth weights are redistributed according to their initial proportions. This mechanism avoids conflicts between subjective expert weightings and the actual tolerance of corals, making the assessment model more consistent with ecological laws.

[0070] S4. Calculate the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index based on dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters.

[0071] In some embodiments, S4 includes the following sub-steps:

[0072] S41. Divide the target area into a number of grid units according to a preset resolution.

[0073] The calculation of the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index requires first dividing the target area into equally spaced grid cells. The grid resolution is set according to the simulation accuracy requirements and usually matches the spatial scale of the coral reef topography data.

[0074] S42. Define the piecewise function of suitability of each hydrodynamic factor.

[0075] In some embodiments, the piecewise fitness function of each hydrodynamic factor includes:

[0076] ;

[0077] Where X represents any hydrodynamic factor (wave height H, flow velocity U or water depth h), f(X) represents the suitability value of the hydrodynamic factor, x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor, and x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor. min represents the lower limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x max represents the upper limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x opt Represents the ideal value of the hydrodynamic factor.

[0078] S43. Calculate the wave height suitability value, flow velocity suitability value, and water depth suitability value of each grid cell according to the measured values of each hydrodynamic factor of the suitability piecewise function.

[0079] S44. Obtain an instantaneous suitability index for each grid cell by performing weighted summation based on the corrected dynamic weight of each hydrodynamic factor and the suitability value corresponding to each hydrodynamic factor.

[0080] S45. Calculate the average value of all instantaneous suitability indices of each grid cell within a preset time series to obtain a temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index of each grid cell.

[0081] In some embodiments, the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index is calculated using the following formula:

[0082] ;

[0083] Among them, HSI 累计,j represents the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index of the jth grid cell, T represents the preset time series, t represents the t moment in the preset time series, and w H ' represents the corrected dynamic weight of wave height, w U ' represents the modified dynamic weight of flow rate, w h ' represents the corrected dynamic weight of water depth, H j,t represents the measured wave height value of the jth grid cell at time t, U j,t represents the measured value of the flow velocity of the jth grid cell at time t, h j,t represents the measured water depth of the jth grid cell at time t, f(Hj,t ) represents the wave height suitability value of the jth grid cell at time t, f(U j,t ) represents the velocity suitability value of the jth grid cell at time t, f(h j,t ) represents the water depth suitability value of the j-th grid cell at time t.

[0084] The instantaneous suitability index, derived by weighting the suitability values of each factor with its dynamic weights, reflects the current state of the coral habitat. The temporal cumulative suitability index, by averaging the instantaneous index across grid cells over time series such as tidal cycles and seasonal variations, quantifies the impact of long-term hydrodynamic fluctuations. For example, if wave heights in a region exceed short-term standards during typhoon season but the long-term average remains within tolerance, the temporal cumulative index can balance short-term extreme events with long-term suitability.

[0085] S5. Calculate the dynamic value of weighted habitat area based on the temporal and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index.

[0086] In some embodiments, the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area is calculated as follows:

[0087] ;

[0088] Where WUA represents the dynamic value of weighted habitat area, j represents the jth grid cell, N represents the total number of grid cells, and A j Represents the area of the jth grid cell, HSI 累计,j represents the spatial and temporal cumulative habitat suitability index of the j-th grid cell.

[0089] Calculating the dynamic value of weighted habitat area requires traversing all grid cells, multiplying the area of each cell by its temporal and spatial cumulative suitability index, and then adding them up. The area parameter is determined by the grid resolution. High-resolution grids can more accurately capture local changes in coral habitats. The temporal and spatial cumulative suitability index combines the influence of time and space dimensions. For example, if the suitability of an area is zero due to excessive wave heights during certain periods, but the long-term average is still positive, the weighted area value will reflect the partial loss of its habitat. This indicator is positively correlated with coral biomass, providing a quantitative basis for the ecological impact of engineering projects.

[0090] S6. Determine the impact level of wave-break structures on coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the dynamic value of weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-break structures.

[0091] In some embodiments, the weighted habitat area (WUA) value obtained when there is no wave-breaking structure is recorded as WUA0. The difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structure is calculated as follows:

[0092] ;

[0093] Wherein, ΔWUA represents the difference between the dynamic value of weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures.

[0094] In some embodiments, the impact level classification specifically includes:

[0095] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is less than the first preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is negative;

[0096] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than or equal to the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is neutral;

[0097] If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than the second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats is positive.

[0098] The first and second preset values can be set based on experimental data on coral community resilience. For example, the first preset value can be -20% and the second preset value can be 20%. When the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area decreases by more than a preset threshold compared to the baseline value, it is determined to be a negative impact, indicating that the project has caused irreversible degradation of the coral habitat. When the difference value is within the threshold range, it is determined to be a neutral impact, and the habitat can be maintained through natural recovery or artificial restoration. When the difference value is positive and exceeds the threshold, it is determined to be a positive impact, indicating that the project has improved local hydrodynamic conditions. Threshold setting can take into account ecological indicators such as coral coverage and larval recruitment rate. For example, the negative impact threshold corresponds to the proportion of area loss where the coral coverage falls below the critical value.

[0099] Based on the coral physiological tolerance threshold curve, this scheme embeds the ecological response patterns of hydrodynamic factors such as wave height, flow velocity, and water depth into the weight calculation process of the hierarchical analysis method. By determining in real time whether measured values exceed the coral survival limit, the weight proportions of various factors are dynamically adjusted, achieving a shift in weight allocation from static experience-driven to ecological data-driven. Utilizing time-series hydrodynamic field data, a spatiotemporal cumulative suitability index model is established, combining instantaneous hydrodynamic parameters with long-term environmental fluctuations. A piecewise suitability function is used to quantify coral adaptability to dynamic environments, capturing the cumulative effects of habitat changes caused by wave-breaking engineering over time. For extreme scenarios where multiple factors collaboratively exceed thresholds, a mechanism is designed that combines forced zeroing of weights with backup rules. Combined with the ecological definition of complete coral habitat loss, this approach ensures the mathematical rationality and ecological consistency of the assessment results in complex environments. Through these technical means, this scheme achieves a full-chain analysis of the engineering parameters, hydrodynamic fields, and ecological responses, providing scientific support for the eco-friendly design of island and reef protection projects.

[0100] The embodiment of the present invention provides a system for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability, which is used to implement the method for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability described in the above embodiment. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system for evaluating the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 , the system includes the following modules:

[0101] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of the target area with and without the influence of wave-breaking structures through hydrodynamic model simulation. The hydrodynamic parameters include the spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity and water depth;

[0102] The weight setting module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to construct a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability based on the hierarchical analysis method and calculate the initial weight of each hydrodynamic factor; the hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity and water depth;

[0103] The weight correction module is connected to the weight setting module and is used to dynamically correct the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain the corrected dynamic weight;

[0104] A suitability index calculation module, connected to the weight correction module and the data acquisition module, is used to calculate the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index based on dynamic weights and hydrodynamic parameters;

[0105] The weighted habitat area calculation module is connected to the suitability index calculation module and is used to calculate the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area based on the temporal and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index;

[0106] The rating module is connected to the weighted habitat area calculation module and is used to determine the impact level of wave-breaking structures on the suitability of coral habitats based on the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability is characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1. simulating a hydrodynamic model to obtain hydrodynamic parameters of the target area with and without the influence of wave-breaking structures, wherein the hydrodynamic parameters include spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity, and water depth; S2. Construct a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability based on the analytic hierarchy process and calculate the initial weights of each hydrodynamic factor; the hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity, and water depth; S3. Dynamically modifying the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain a modified dynamic weight; S4. calculating a temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index based on the dynamic weight and the hydrodynamic parameter; Specifically include: S41, dividing the target area into a number of grid units according to a preset resolution; S42. Define piecewise functions of suitability of each hydrodynamic factor; S43, calculating the wave height suitability value, flow velocity suitability value, and water depth suitability value of each grid cell according to the measured values of each hydrodynamic factor of the suitability piecewise function; S44, obtaining an instantaneous suitability index for each grid cell by weighted summing the modified dynamic weights of each hydrodynamic factor and the suitability values corresponding to each hydrodynamic factor; S45, calculating the average value of all instantaneous suitability indices of each grid cell within a preset time series to obtain the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index of each grid cell; The calculation formula of the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index is as follows: ； Among them, HSI 累计,j represents the temporal and spatial cumulative habitat suitability index of the jth grid cell, T represents the preset time series, t represents the t moment in the preset time series, and w H ' represents the corrected dynamic weight of wave height, w U ' represents the modified dynamic weight of flow rate, w h ' represents the corrected dynamic weight of water depth, H j,t represents the measured wave height value of the jth grid cell at time t, U j,t represents the measured value of the flow velocity of the jth grid cell at time t, h j,t represents the measured water depth value of the jth grid cell at time t, f(H j,t ) represents the wave height suitability value of the jth grid cell at time t, f(U j,t ) represents the velocity suitability value of the jth grid unit at time t, f(h j,t ) represents the water depth suitability value of the j-th grid cell at time t; S5. calculating a dynamic value of a weighted habitat area based on the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index; S6. Determine the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without the wave-breaking structures.

2. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the initial weight is dynamically modified according to the coral tolerance threshold, and the modified dynamic weight is obtained, which includes: S31. Determine the tolerance threshold curve of corals through experiments; S32. Obtaining the upper and lower tolerance thresholds of the coral to each hydrodynamic factor according to the tolerance threshold curve; S33, respectively determining whether the measured value of each hydrodynamic factor exceeds the corresponding upper tolerance threshold or lower tolerance threshold; if so, assigning the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor to 0; otherwise, assigning the dynamic weight of the hydrodynamic factor to the initial weight; S34. Normalize the dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors to obtain the corrected dynamic weights of the various hydrodynamic factors.

3. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S33, if the dynamic weights of all the hydrodynamic factors are assigned a value of 0, the subsequent steps are stopped and the impact level of the wave-breaking structure on the suitability of the coral habitat is directly output as a negative impact.

4. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S42, the suitability piecewise function of each hydrodynamic factor includes: ； Where X represents any hydrodynamic factor, f(X) represents the suitability value of the hydrodynamic factor, x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor, and x represents the measured value of the hydrodynamic factor. min represents the lower limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x max represents the upper limit of the tolerance threshold of the hydrodynamic factor, x opt represents the ideal value of the hydrodynamic factor.

5. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S5, calculating the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area according to the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index includes: ； Where WUA represents the dynamic value of weighted habitat area, j represents the jth grid cell, N represents the total number of grid cells, and A j represents the area of the jth grid cell, HSI 累计,j represents the spatial and temporal cumulative habitat suitability index of the j-th grid cell.

6. The method for assessing the impact of island and reef wave-breaking structures on coral habitat suitability according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, determining the impact level of the wave-breaking structure on the coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the weighted habitat area dynamic value and the baseline value without the wave-breaking structure includes: If the difference between the weighted habitat area dynamic value and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is less than a first preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the coral habitat suitability is negative; If the difference between the weighted habitat area dynamic value and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than or equal to a first preset value and less than or equal to a second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the coral habitat suitability is neutral; If the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without wave-breaking structures is greater than a second preset value, the impact level of the wave-breaking structures on the suitability of the coral habitat is positive.

7. A system for evaluating the suitability of coral habitats for island and reef wave-breaking structures, for executing the method for evaluating the suitability of coral habitats for island and reef wave-breaking structures according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: A data acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of the target area under the influence of wave-breaking structures and without them through hydrodynamic model simulation. The hydrodynamic parameters include spatial distribution data of wave height, flow velocity and water depth; a weight setting module, connected to the data acquisition module, for constructing a judgment matrix of hydrodynamic factors for coral habitat suitability based on the analytic hierarchy process, and calculating the initial weight of each hydrodynamic factor; wherein the hydrodynamic factors include wave height, flow velocity and water depth; A weight correction module, connected to the weight setting module, is used to dynamically correct the initial weight according to the coral tolerance threshold to obtain a corrected dynamic weight; a suitability index calculation module, connected to the weight correction module and the data acquisition module, for calculating a temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index based on the dynamic weights and the hydrodynamic parameters; a weighted habitat area calculation module, connected to the suitability index calculation module, for calculating a dynamic value of the weighted habitat area based on the temporally and spatially accumulated habitat suitability index; A rating module is connected to the weighted habitat area calculation module and is used to determine the impact level of the wave-breaking structure on the coral habitat suitability based on the difference between the dynamic value of the weighted habitat area and the baseline value without the wave-breaking structure.

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