Electric quantity distribution protection system of mobile phone power adapter

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric quantity distribution protection system of a mobile phone power adapter, which relates to the technical field of adapter operation monitoring, and comprises the following steps: carrying out intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, and responding to voltage fluctuation; predicting an equipment charging curve, matching the dynamic load, and reducing the chemical stress of the battery; based on load dynamic mode topology switching, the flyback topology design is adopted to reduce loss during light load, and the quasi-resonance mode is switched to improve efficiency during heavy load; through hardware multiplexing design, multi-protocol parallel processing is realized, and when wired and wireless charging devices are connected at the same time, the adapter dynamically distributes power; a magnetic core material and a winding structure are optimized; the switching frequency is reduced through a pulse width modulation controller, and modeling is carried out on historical temperature data; and identifying metal foreign matters and outputting alarm information. Through multi-module collaborative optimization, the technical defects of a traditional adapter under complex working conditions are overcome, the user experience is improved, and the equipment safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of adapter operation monitoring, and in particular to a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of mobile terminals such as smartphones and wearable devices, users' demands for the safety, efficiency and compatibility of charging technology have increased significantly. At the same time, the expansion of scenarios such as wireless charging and multi-device collaborative charging has put forward higher requirements for the dynamic load response, multi-protocol compatibility and thermal management capabilities of power adapters.

[0003] When the grid voltage fluctuates or the load changes suddenly, the output voltage of traditional adapters is prone to transient overshoot or drop, resulting in device charging interruption or shortened battery life. Fixed charging curves cannot adapt to different battery states (such as power level and temperature), resulting in battery overcharge, overheating or reduced chemical activity. Under high power density, components such as transistors and electrolytic capacitors are prone to failure or fire due to overheating, and traditional passive cooling cannot provide real-time warning. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter is provided. This technical solution solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter, comprising: A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, and respond to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and the secondary voltage; A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress; A topology switching module, which is used for topology switching based on a load dynamic mode, adopting a flyback topology design to reduce losses when lightly loaded, and switching to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency when heavily loaded; A power distribution module, which is used to realize multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and the adapter dynamically distributes power when connecting wired and wireless charging devices at the same time; A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes; A thermal runaway prediction module, which is used to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors and electrolytic capacitors in real time with built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors, reduce the switching frequency through a pulse width modulation controller, and model historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks; A foreign object recognition module is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency in a wireless charging scenario.

[0006] Preferably, the voltage calibration module specifically includes: The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and the battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit; Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset; The primary current value is acquired in real time through a current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal; The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value; Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage; The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal; The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage; The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high accuracy and is responsible for steady-state calibration; Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop will be activated first, and the power change will be compensated by pulse width modulation. The secondary voltage loop will fine-tune the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output will be made. In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load. The ambient temperature is monitored by a thermistor, the voltage loop reference is adjusted, and the compensation temperature drift is set.

[0007] Preferably, the power distribution module specifically includes: At the hardware level, the communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slice rotation to avoid protocol conflicts. Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated; Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power; The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power; Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller; The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power; The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values ​​of the resonant compensation network.

[0008] Preferably, the mode conversion module specifically includes: In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies; In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies; Analyze the loss distribution of the core at high / low frequencies through finite element simulation to determine the best match between the core size and material thickness; Distributed air gap design is adopted to reduce magnetic flux concentration and reduce the risk of core saturation at high frequencies; Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency; Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, reduce high-frequency core loss, and adopt segmented winding or staggered winding method to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance; Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequency, and concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance to improve energy transmission efficiency; Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and the maximum load current; The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation; Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current; Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to the high frequency mode; if not, switch to the low frequency mode.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The charging curve is predicted based on the real-time status of the device, and the output current is dynamically adjusted to the trickle, constant current, and constant voltage stages to reduce the battery's internal resistance loss and extend the cycle life. Through hardware reuse design, multi-protocol parallel processing is achieved, and power is dynamically allocated to each port. The magnetic core material such as amorphous alloy and winding structure are optimized, and the voltage ratio is dynamically adjusted through digitally controlled inductance, automatically switching between high and low frequency modes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power distribution protection system of the mobile phone power adapter of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the voltage calibration module of the present invention; Figure 3It is a structural schematic diagram of a load matching module of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the topology switching module of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power distribution module of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mode conversion module of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal runaway prediction module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0012] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter includes: A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, and respond to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and the secondary voltage; A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress; A topology switching module, which is used for topology switching based on a load dynamic mode, adopting a flyback topology design to reduce losses when lightly loaded, and switching to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency when heavily loaded; A power distribution module, which is used to realize multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and the adapter dynamically distributes power when connecting wired and wireless charging devices at the same time; A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes; A thermal runaway prediction module, which is used to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors and electrolytic capacitors in real time with built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors, reduce the switching frequency through a pulse width modulation controller, and model historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks; A foreign object recognition module is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency in a wireless charging scenario.

[0013] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the voltage calibration module specifically includes: The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and the battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit; Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset; The primary current value is acquired in real time through a current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal; The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value; Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage; The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal; The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage; The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high accuracy and is responsible for steady-state calibration; Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop will be activated first, and the power change will be compensated by pulse width modulation. The secondary voltage loop will fine-tune the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output will be made. In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load. The ambient temperature is monitored by a thermistor, the voltage loop reference is adjusted, and the compensation temperature drift is set.

[0014] Use a high-precision voltage-dividing resistor network, such as a metal film resistor with an accuracy of ±0.1%, to rectify and filter the input AC power before sampling, or directly monitor the battery terminal voltage. The input voltage signal is isolated and buffered by a voltage follower composed of an operational amplifier to avoid interference from the subsequent circuit. According to the output specifications of the mobile phone power adapter, set the input voltage safe operating range, such as ±10% of the rated value.

[0015] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the load matching module specifically includes: Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the equivalent circuit model of the adapter, a physical model for predicting the charging curve is constructed; Integrate the voltage jump monitored in real time during charging, dynamically correct the prediction results, and output the voltage-current-time curve in the future charging cycle; Analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the load current through fast Fourier transform to identify periodic high power events during operation; The objective function is set to minimize the battery chemical stress by quantifying the internal resistance loss and polarization voltage; A weighted fair queueing algorithm is used to allocate bandwidth to at least one load; Each load distribution weight, the higher the weight, the greater the bandwidth proportion allocated; Maintain an independent virtual timestamp for each load, and update its virtual time based on the packet arrival time and preset weight; Select the load with the smallest virtual time to send the data packet to achieve weighted fairness; The negative electrode potential is monitored in real time through a three-electrode battery to determine whether the negative electrode potential is lower than the lithium plating potential. If so, the protection is triggered to force the reduction of non-critical load power. If not, no output is made.

[0016] Lithium deposition potential refers to the behavior and potential changes of lithium ions in electrode materials during the charge and discharge process of lithium batteries. When lithium ions migrate from negative electrode materials such as graphite to positive electrode materials, the lithium deposition potential refers to the minimum energy that the positive electrode can provide. During the charging process, lithium ions are embedded in the negative electrode, and during over-discharge, lithium ions migrate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and precipitate metallic lithium. Changes in the ratio of the battery's negative electrode capacity to the positive electrode capacity will affect the lithium deposition potential. A lower ratio may lead to lithium deposition at the negative electrode, while a higher ratio may lead to excessive lithium desorption at the positive electrode.

[0017] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the topology switching module specifically includes: Determine whether the real-time load is less than 50% of the rated load. If so, the current scenario is output as a light-load scenario. When the flyback topology is light-loaded, the switching loss is dominant, and the loss is reduced by optimizing the on-resistance and switching frequency. If not, the current scenario is output as a heavy-load scenario. The switching loss of the hard-switched flyback increases with the increase of current, and the conduction loss is reduced by resonance technology; For light-load flyback topology, choose a flyback converter, using a transistor with low on-resistance and a Schottky diode with low forward voltage drop; When the load is light, the switching frequency is reduced to reduce the switching loss, and the controller enters the intermittent working mode; When the load is light, the controller outputs a flyback drive signal with a fixed frequency pulse width modulation. When the load is heavy, the controller switches to a quasi-resonant drive signal. The transformer leakage inductance and the resonant capacitor form a resonant circuit, and the leakage inductance voltage presents a decaying oscillation waveform. The demagnetization time of the transformer is detected through the auxiliary winding to determine the first valley moment of the leakage inductance voltage; Turning on the transistor at the valley moment can achieve zero voltage switching and reduce turn-on loss.

[0018] The resonant capacitance value is calculated according to the transformer leakage inductance by adjusting the winding gap or the core air gap. The leakage inductance voltage attenuation waveform is monitored by the auxiliary winding voltage and oscillates exponentially. The controller samples the winding voltage zero crossing point and the oscillation period to determine the first valley moment. The transistor is turned on at the valley moment. At this time, the leakage inductance voltage is 0, eliminating the turn-on loss.

[0019] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the power distribution module specifically includes: At the hardware level, the communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slice rotation to avoid protocol conflicts. Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated; Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power; The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power; Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller; The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power; The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values ​​of the resonant compensation network.

[0020] Detect the access status of wired / wireless devices, set the initial power allocation ratio, such as 70% for wired / 30% for wireless, collect voltage, current, and temperature data every 10ms, update the equivalent resistance and power requirements, and prioritize power allocation if the battery power of the wired device is <20%, such as 80% for wired / 20% for wireless. If the wireless device supports fast charging, dynamically increase its power, such as 50% for wired / 50% for wireless. If the temperature exceeds the threshold, gradually reduce the power according to priority, first wireless and then wired. After the fault is rectified, restore the power in 10% steps to avoid power mutations.

[0021] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the mode conversion module specifically includes: In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies; In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies; Analyze the loss distribution of the core at high / low frequencies through finite element simulation to determine the best match between the core size and material thickness; Distributed air gap design is adopted to reduce magnetic flux concentration and reduce the risk of core saturation at high frequencies; Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency; Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, reduce high-frequency core loss, and adopt segmented winding or staggered winding method to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance; Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequency, and concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance to improve energy transmission efficiency; Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and the maximum load current; The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation; Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current; Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to the high frequency mode; if not, switch to the low frequency mode.

[0022] In order to solve the problems of high core loss, high risk of magnetic saturation, and low energy transmission efficiency in high-frequency / low-frequency mode switching of traditional adapters, the mode conversion module is collaboratively designed through material optimization, structural innovation, and digital control to achieve efficient and reliable operation under all working conditions.

[0023] Reference Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the thermal runaway prediction module specifically includes: Mount thermistors around power components to monitor surface temperature in real time; Flexible thin-film temperature sensors are symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom layers of the circuit board to capture the temperature difference between layers and avoid missing local hot spots. A K-type thermocouple is embedded at the bottom of the transistor heat sink to directly measure the heat sink temperature and infer the chip junction temperature based on the thermal resistance parameters. Install an infrared temperature sensor near the drive circuit to monitor the transistor case temperature non-contactly and verify the thermocouple data; Fiber Bragg grating sensors are attached to the surface of the capacitor body to monitor the internal temperature through the fiber strain-temperature coupling effect, thus avoiding the influence of traditional sensors on the life of the capacitor. Thermistors are placed at the center and edge of the capacitor array to compare temperature gradients and optimize heat dissipation path design. Switch each sensor channel through multiplexer polling to reduce the number of converters required; Perform cold-end compensation and linearization processing on thermocouple signals to eliminate ambient temperature interference; When at least one component is over-temperatured at the same time, the transistor switching frequency is preferentially reduced; when a single component is over-temperatured, the frequency of that component is reduced; Model the historical temperature data and construct a long short-term memory neural network model; The input layer records the time series temperature data, the hidden layer captures the long-term and short-term dependencies, and the output layer records the S-shaped growth curve activation function, which outputs the probability of thermal runaway; Inputting the current temperature, the historical temperature extremes and the frequency adjustment amplitude into the long short-term memory neural network model; The temperature curve, frequency change and thermal runaway probability are shown in real time on the display.

[0024] The S-shaped growth curve activation function is used for the output of hidden layer neurons. Its value range is (0,1). It can map a real number to the interval (0,1) and can be used for binary classification. It works better when the feature differences are complex or not very large. The S-shaped growth curve activation function is the excitation function in the neural network. It is a smooth and strictly monotonic saturation function.

[0025] Furthermore, the present solution also proposes a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer-readable program is stored, and when the computer-readable program is called, the above-mentioned mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system is executed.

[0026] It is understandable that the storage medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a DVD; or a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (SSD).

[0027] To sum up, the advantages of the present invention are: predicting the charging curve based on the real-time status of the device, dynamically adjusting the output current such as trickle, constant current, and constant voltage stages, reducing the internal resistance loss of the battery, and extending the cycle life. Through hardware reuse design, multi-protocol parallel processing is achieved, and power is dynamically allocated to each port. The magnetic core material such as amorphous alloy and winding structure is optimized, the voltage ratio is dynamically adjusted through digital control of the inductor, and high and low frequency modes are automatically switched.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter, characterized in that: include: A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, and respond to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and the secondary voltage; A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress; A topology switching module, which is used for topology switching based on a dynamic load mode, adopting a flyback topology design to reduce losses when lightly loaded, and switching to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency when heavily loaded; A power distribution module, which is used to realize multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and the adapter dynamically distributes power when connecting wired and wireless charging devices at the same time; A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes; A thermal runaway prediction module, which is used to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors and electrolytic capacitors in real time with built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors, reduce the switching frequency through a pulse width modulation controller, and model historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks; A foreign object recognition module is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency in a wireless charging scenario.

2. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage calibration module specifically includes: The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and the battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit; Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset; The primary current value is acquired in real time through a current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal; The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value; Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage; The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal; The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage; The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high accuracy and is responsible for steady-state calibration; Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop will be activated first, and the power change will be compensated by pulse width modulation. The secondary voltage loop will fine-tune the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output will be made. In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load. The ambient temperature is monitored by a thermistor, the voltage loop reference is adjusted, and the compensation temperature drift is set.

3. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The load matching module specifically includes: Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the equivalent circuit model of the adapter, a physical model for predicting the charging curve is constructed; Integrate the voltage jump monitored in real time during charging, dynamically correct the prediction results, and output the voltage-current-time curve in the future charging cycle; Analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the load current through fast Fourier transform to identify periodic high power events during operation; The objective function is set to minimize the battery chemical stress by quantifying the internal resistance loss and polarization voltage; A weighted fair queueing algorithm is used to allocate bandwidth to at least one load; Each load distribution weight, the higher the weight, the greater the bandwidth proportion allocated; Maintain an independent virtual timestamp for each load, and update its virtual time based on the packet arrival time and preset weight; Select the load with the smallest virtual time to send the data packet to achieve weighted fairness; The negative electrode potential is monitored in real time through a three-electrode battery to determine whether the negative electrode potential is lower than the lithium plating potential. If so, the protection is triggered to force the reduction of non-critical load power. If not, no output is made.

4. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The topology switching module specifically includes: Determine whether the real-time load is less than 50% of the rated load. If so, the current scenario is output as a light-load scenario. When the flyback topology is light-loaded, the switching loss is dominant, and the loss is reduced by optimizing the on-resistance and switching frequency. If not, the current scenario is output as a heavy-load scenario. The switching loss of the hard-switched flyback increases with the increase of current, and the conduction loss is reduced by resonance technology; For light-load flyback topology, choose a flyback converter, using a transistor with low on-resistance and a Schottky diode with low forward voltage drop; When the load is light, the switching frequency is reduced to reduce the switching loss, and the controller enters the intermittent working mode; When the load is light, the controller outputs a flyback drive signal with a fixed frequency pulse width modulation. When the load is heavy, the controller switches to a quasi-resonant drive signal. The transformer leakage inductance and the resonant capacitor form a resonant circuit, and the leakage inductance voltage presents a decaying oscillation waveform. The demagnetization time of the transformer is detected through the auxiliary winding to determine the first valley moment of the leakage inductance voltage; Turning on the transistor at the valley moment can achieve zero voltage switching and reduce turn-on loss.

5. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power distribution module specifically includes: At the hardware level, the communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slice rotation to avoid protocol conflicts. Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated; Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power; The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power; Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller; The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power; The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values ​​of the resonant compensation network.

6. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mode conversion module specifically includes: In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies; In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies; Analyze the loss distribution of the core at high / low frequencies through finite element simulation to determine the best match between the core size and material thickness; Distributed air gap design is adopted to reduce magnetic flux concentration and reduce the risk of core saturation at high frequencies; Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency; Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, reduce high-frequency core loss, and adopt segmented winding or staggered winding method to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance; Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequency, and concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance to improve energy transmission efficiency; Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and the maximum load current; The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation; Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current; Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to the high frequency mode; if not, switch to the low frequency mode.

7. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermal runaway prediction module specifically includes: Mount thermistors around power components to monitor surface temperature in real time; Flexible thin-film temperature sensors are symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom layers of the circuit board to capture the temperature difference between layers and avoid missing local hot spots. A K-type thermocouple is embedded at the bottom of the transistor heat sink to directly measure the heat sink temperature and infer the chip junction temperature based on the thermal resistance parameters. Install an infrared temperature sensor near the drive circuit to monitor the transistor case temperature non-contactly and verify the thermocouple data; Fiber Bragg grating sensors are attached to the surface of the capacitor body to monitor the internal temperature through the fiber strain-temperature coupling effect, thus avoiding the influence of traditional sensors on the life of the capacitor. Thermistors are placed at the center and edge of the capacitor array to compare temperature gradients and optimize heat dissipation path design. Switch each sensor channel through multiplexer polling to reduce the number of converters required; Perform cold-end compensation and linearization processing on thermocouple signals to eliminate ambient temperature interference; When at least one component is over-temperatured at the same time, the transistor switching frequency is preferentially reduced; when a single component is over-temperatured, the frequency of that component is reduced; Model the historical temperature data and construct a long short-term memory neural network model; The input layer records the time series temperature data, the hidden layer captures the long-term and short-term dependencies, and the output layer records the S-shaped growth curve activation function, which outputs the probability of thermal runaway; Inputting the current temperature, the historical temperature extremes and the frequency adjustment amplitude into the long short-term memory neural network model; The temperature curve, frequency change and thermal runaway probability are shown in real time on the display.

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