Compound feed for fattening sheep and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeds, and discloses a compound feed for fattening sheep and a preparation method thereof. Starting from the health condition of fattening sheep, the invention provides a compound feed for fattening sheep, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 350-410 parts of corn, 130-170 parts of corn straw, 100-140 parts of wheat bran, 80-110 parts of corn white skin, 70-90 parts of guniting corn skin, 60-80 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of premix, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 4-8 parts of salt, 4-8 parts of calcium sulfate, 2-4 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of baking soda and 1-3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate. The compound feed can remarkably reduce the urinary stone occurrence rate of fattening sheep, compared with a control group, the urinary stone occurrence rate is reduced by 8%, the health condition of the sheep can be improved, the feeding time is shortened, and the compound feed has high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeds and relates to a compound feed for fattening sheep and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's demand for beef and mutton consumption continues to increase. However, in the breeding of mutton sheep, the investment in how to shorten the breeding cycle, feed diet selection, climate and other factors is usually greater than the investment in the health of mutton sheep, but the effect is very limited.

[0003] At this stage, the health and growth performance of sheep have not yet reached a relatively excellent feeding level, and the dietary raw material plan is still based on personal experience. For the situation that sheep are prone to urinary stones during fattening, there is no effective dietary structure application plan to reduce urinary stones. Typical symptoms of urinary stones in sheep include anorexia, frequent urination, dripping urine, flexion and forking of the hind legs, arched back and curled abdomen, and pathological examination shows an increase in pus cells in the urine, which seriously affects the health of sheep and increases the cost of feeding and management. Traditional diets not only fail to effectively reduce the incidence of urinary stones, but also affect the absorption of protein and energy in the diet and the stability of rumen microecology. To this end, exploring better feeding plans, especially selecting appropriate raw material ratios from the dimension of continuous use of breeding terminals, combined with rumen microecological conditioning, and developing dietary application plans to reduce the occurrence of urinary stones in sheep are urgent problems to be solved in the process of fattening sheep breeding. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problem that the fattening sheep feed ratio is unreasonable in the above background technology, which leads to the problem that sheep urinary stones are prone to occur, the present invention develops a compound feed that reduces the incidence of urinary stones in fattening sheep based on the health status of fattening sheep. In order to achieve this technical purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0005] Firstly, the present invention provides a compound feed for fattening sheep. The components of the compound feed are: by weight, 350-410 parts of corn, 130-170 parts of corn stalks, 100-140 parts of wheat bran, 80-110 parts of corn husks, 70-90 parts of sprayed corn husks, 60-80 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of premix, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 4-8 parts of salt, 4-8 parts of calcium sulfate, 2-4 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of baking soda and 1-3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate.

[0006] Furthermore, the crude protein content of the soybean meal used in the above-mentioned compound feed is ≥43%.

[0007] Furthermore, the crude protein content of the cottonseed meal used in the above compound feed is ≥60%.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above compound feed, the components of the premix are: by mass percentage, 3.5% of trace element premix, 1% of vitamin premix, 20% of probiotic premix, 1% of antioxidant, and 74.5% of rice husk powder carrier.

[0009] Furthermore, the components of the trace element premix are: in terms of mass percentage, 25.4% of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 17.7% of zinc sulfate, 2.3% of basic cupric chloride, 24% of manganese sulfate, 14.3% of yeast selenium, 13.4% of calcium iodate, and 2.9% of cobalt chloride.

[0010] Furthermore, the components of the vitamin premix are: by mass percentage, vitamin A 7.8%, vitamin D 31.8%, vitamin E 58.4%, and niacinamide 32%.

[0011] Furthermore, the components of the microecological premix are: by mass percentage, 70% of Bacillus subtilis agent and 30% of Clostridium butyricum agent; the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis agent is ≥ 1.0×10 11 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Clostridium butyricum agent ≥1.0×10 11 CFU / g.

[0012] Furthermore, the antioxidant is santoquin.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above compound feed, comprising:

[0014] Preparing a premix: by weight percentage, 3.5% of a trace element premix, 1% of a vitamin premix, 20% of a probiotic premix, 1% of an antioxidant, and 74.5% of a rice husk powder carrier are uniformly mixed to obtain a premix;

[0015] According to the above raw material ratio, corn, corn stalks, wheat bran, corn husk, sprayed corn husk, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, flour, premix, stone powder, salt, calcium sulfate, urea, baking soda, and calcium hydrogen phosphate are mixed evenly;

[0016] After being evenly mixed, the mixture is sent to a feed pelletizing machine, steam is introduced, and pelletizing is performed under the processing technology standards of steam pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa, temperature of 80-90° C., ring die aperture of 6.0-8.0 mm, and particle length of 8.0-12.0 mm. After cooling and drying, the compound feed is obtained.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, corn is pre-crushed with a sieve of 6.0-8.0 mm; corn stalks are pre-crushed with a sieve of 4.0-6.0 mm; the temperature difference between the temperature of the compound feed after cooling and the room temperature should be less than 6°C; the powder content of the compound feed after drying should be <3%, and the moisture content should be <12%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the compound feed for fattening sheep provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages.

[0019] Based on the health status of fattening sheep, the present invention provides a compound feed for reducing the occurrence of urinary stones in fattening sheep. Compared with the control group, the incidence of urinary stones in fattening sheep was reduced by 8% by feeding the compound feed provided by the present invention, which significantly improved the health status of the sheep. Secondly, the compound feed provided by the present invention has a high absorption and utilization rate, and the feed-to-meat ratio is reduced by 0.52 compared with the control group. Under the same weight gain of 22kg, the breeding time can be shortened by more than 5.68 days. Finally, from the perspective of input-output, the profit generated by feeding the compound feed provided by the present invention for each fattening sheep is increased by 44.77 yuan, which has a high application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This example describes the preparation of a compound feed for fattening sheep.

[0023] Preparation of premix: By mass percentage, 0.35 kg (3.5%) of trace element premix, 0.1 kg (1%) of vitamin premix, 2 kg (20%) of probiotic premix, 0.1 kg (1%) of santoquin (antioxidant), and 7.45 kg (74.5%) of rice husk powder carrier are mixed evenly to obtain 10 kg of premix.

[0024] The components of the trace element premix are: by mass percentage, 25.4% ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 17.7% zinc sulfate, 2.3% basic copper chloride, 24% manganese sulfate, 14.3% yeast selenium, 13.4% calcium iodate, and 2.9% cobalt chloride. The components of the vitamin premix are: by mass percentage, 7.8% vitamin A, 31.8% vitamin D, 58.4% vitamin E, and 32% nicotinamide. The components of the microecological premix are: by mass percentage, 70% Bacillus subtilis agent and 30% Clostridium butyricum agent; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis agent is ≥1.0×10 11 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Clostridium butyricum agent ≥1.0×10 11 CFU / g.

[0025] 350 kg of corn (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 6.0-8.0 mm), 130 kg of corn stalks (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 4.0-6.0 mm), 100 kg of wheat bran, 80 kg of corn husk, 70 kg of sprayed corn husk, 60 kg of soybean meal, 30 kg of cottonseed meal, 15 kg of flour, 10 kg of prepared premix, 8 kg of stone powder, 4 kg of salt, 4 kg of calcium sulfate, 2 kg of urea, 1 kg of baking soda and 1 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate are uniformly mixed.

[0026] The mixed raw materials are sent to the feed pelleting machine, steam is introduced, and pelleting is carried out under the processing technology standards of steam pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, temperature of 80-90℃, ring die aperture of 6.0-8.0mm, and particle length of 8.0-12.0mm. After cooling (the temperature difference between the cooled temperature and the room temperature is less than 6℃) and drying, the powder content is detected to be <3%, and the moisture is <12%, and the finished fattening sheep compound feed is obtained. After testing, the powder content of the compound feed is 1.9% and the moisture is 9.1%.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] This example describes the preparation of a compound feed for fattening sheep.

[0029] Preparation of premix: By mass percentage, 0.525 kg (3.5%) of trace element premix, 0.15 kg (1%) of vitamin premix, 3 kg (20%) of probiotic premix, 0.15 kg (1%) of santoquin (antioxidant), and 11.175 kg (74.5%) of rice husk powder carrier were mixed evenly to obtain 15 kg of premix. The trace element premix, vitamin premix, and probiotic premix used are the same as those in Example 1.

[0030] 379 kg of corn (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 6.0-8.0 mm), 150 kg of corn stalks (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 4.0-6.0 mm), 120 kg of wheat bran, 95 kg of corn husk, 80 kg of sprayed corn husk, 72 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of cottonseed meal, 20 kg of flour, 15 kg of prepared premix, 10 kg of stone powder, 6 kg of salt, 6 kg of calcium sulfate, 3 kg of urea, 2 kg of baking soda and 2 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate were uniformly mixed.

[0031] The mixed raw materials are granulated, cooled and dried, and the granulation, cooling and drying methods and standards are the same as those in Example 1 to obtain a finished fattening sheep feed (a total of 1000 kg). After testing, the powder content of the compound feed is 2.1%, and the moisture content is 9.6%.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] This example describes the preparation of a compound feed for fattening sheep.

[0034] Preparation of premix: By mass percentage, 0.63 kg (3.5%) of trace element premix, 0.18 kg (1%) of vitamin premix, 3.6 kg (20%) of probiotic premix, 0.18 kg (1%) of santoquin (antioxidant), and 13.41 kg (74.5%) of rice husk powder carrier were mixed evenly to obtain 18 kg of premix. The trace element premix, vitamin premix, and probiotic premix used are the same as those in Example 1.

[0035] 400 kg of corn (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 6.0-8.0 mm), 160 kg of corn stalks (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 4.0-6.0 mm), 130 kg of wheat bran, 105 kg of corn husk, 85 kg of sprayed corn husk, 78 kg of soybean meal, 45 kg of cottonseed meal, 23 kg of flour, 18 kg of prepared premix, 11 kg of stone powder, 7 kg of salt, 7 kg of calcium sulfate, 3.5 kg of urea, 2.5 kg of baking soda and 2.5 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate were uniformly mixed.

[0036] The uniformly mixed raw materials are granulated, cooled and dried, and the granulation, cooling and drying methods and standards are the same as those in Example 1 to obtain a finished fattening sheep feed. After testing, the powder content of the compound feed is 2.3%, and the water content is 10.6%.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] This example describes the preparation of a compound feed for fattening sheep.

[0039] Preparation of premix: By mass percentage, 0.7 kg (3.5%) of trace element premix, 0.2 kg (1%) of vitamin premix, 4 kg (20%) of probiotic premix, 0.2 kg (1%) of santoquin (antioxidant), and 14.9 kg (74.5%) of rice husk powder carrier were mixed evenly to obtain 20 kg of premix. The trace element premix, vitamin premix, and probiotic premix used are the same as those in Example 1.

[0040] 410 kg of corn (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 6.0-8.0 mm), 170 kg of corn stalks (preliminarily crushed with a sieve of 4.0-6.0 mm), 140 kg of wheat bran, 110 kg of corn husk, 90 kg of sprayed corn husk, 80 kg of soybean meal, 50 kg of cottonseed meal, 25 kg of flour, 20 kg of prepared premix, 12 kg of stone powder, 8 kg of salt, 8 kg of calcium sulfate, 4 kg of urea, 3 kg of baking soda and 3 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate were uniformly mixed.

[0041] The uniformly mixed raw materials are granulated, cooled, and dried. The methods and standards for granulation, cooling, and drying are the same as those in Example 1 to obtain the compound feed for finishing fattening sheep. After testing, the powder content of the compound feed is 2.2%, and the moisture content is 9.3%.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] This example describes the preparation method of the compound feed for finishing fattening sheep, which is different from Example 2 in that it does not contain calcium hydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate and has different dosages of stone powder.

[0044] Prepare the premix: The preparation method of the premix is the same as that in Example 2.

[0045] Mix 379 kg of corn, 150 kg of corn straw, 120 kg of wheat bran, 95 kg of corn white peel, 80 kg of spouted corn skin, 72 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of cottonseed meal, 20 kg of flour, 15 kg of the prepared premix, 18 kg of stone powder, 6 kg of salt, 3 kg of urea, and 2 kg of baking soda evenly.

[0046] The uniformly mixed raw materials are granulated, cooled, and dried. The methods and standards for granulation, cooling, and drying are the same as those in Example 1 to obtain the compound feed for finishing fattening sheep (a total of 1000 kg). After testing, the powder content of the compound feed is 2.3%, and the moisture content is 9.7%.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] This example provides the improvement effect of the compound feed for finishing fattening sheep on urinary calculi in sheep.

[0049] I. Test Design

[0050] Select 200 sheep with an average body weight of about 26 kg and randomly divide them into 2 groups: a control group and an experimental group, with 100 sheep in each group. The pre-feeding period is 7 days, and the formal experimental period is 66 days. The experimental group is fed the compound feed prepared in Example 2 (preferred example), and the control group is fed the compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 1. The feed formulations of the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1. Feed Formulations of the Experimental Group and the Control Group

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] II. Feeding Management

[0055] This experiment was conducted in a sheep farm from May 16, 2024 to July 28, 2024. All the experimental sheep were enclosed and raised in the farm pens. There were no obvious differences in the environment and feeding conditions among the pens. The sheep had free access to food and water. Deworming, disinfection and immunization were carried out according to the regular procedures of the farm.

[0056] III. Test indicators

[0057] During the experimental period, the feed intake of the sheep in each pen was accurately recorded every day. At the same time period at the beginning and end of the experiment, the weights of all the sheep were measured, and data such as the initial average weight, the ending average weight, the feed intake, and the feed-to-meat ratio were calculated. The data was sorted and analyzed using Excel, and the results were presented as averages.

[0058] IV. Experimental results

[0059] The statistical results of the indicators for the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2. Statistical results of the indicators for the experimental group and the control group

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from Table 2, the incidence of urinary calculi in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with a reduction of 8%; the feed-to-meat ratio in the experimental group was 0.52 lower than that in the control group. In addition, after 66 days of feeding experiment, the daily weight gain of the experimental group was 29 g higher than that of the control group. Calculated at the wool sheep price of 25 yuan / kg, the economic benefit generated by the daily weight gain of the experimental group was 0.725 yuan more than that of the control group (0.029 kg * 25 yuan / kg = 0.725 yuan).

[0064] Furthermore, from the perspective of input-output, although the raw material cost of the experimental group was 34 yuan / 1000 kg higher than that of the control group, due to the high health level of the sheep in the experimental group and the good absorption and utilization rate of feed, after conversion, the profit generated by the fattening sheep in the experimental group was 44.77 yuan more per sheep than that in the control group (Calculation method: profit = economic benefit - feed cost, that is: total weight gain * wool sheep price - total feed intake * feed unit price. Control group: 21.2 kg * 25 yuan / kg - 125.40 kg * 2.293 yuan / kg = 243.46 yuan; Experimental group: 23.1 kg * 25 yuan / kg - 124.74 kg * 2.327 yuan / kg = 287.23 yuan. Therefore, the profit generated by each fattening sheep was 44.77 yuan more than that in the control group).

[0065] In the fattening stage, when the same weight gain of 22 kg was achieved, the feeding time of the sheep in the experimental group could be shortened by more than 5.68 days (22 / 0.321 - 22 / 0.350 = 5.68).

[0066] In summary, starting from the health status of fattening sheep, the present invention provides a compound feed that reduces the incidence of urinary calculi in fattening sheep. Compared with the control group, the incidence of urinary calculi in the experimental group decreased by 8%. On the other hand, the compound feed provided by the present invention has a high absorption and utilization rate, and the feed-to-meat ratio is reduced by 0.52 compared with the control group. In the case of the same weight gain of 22 kg, the breeding time can be shortened by more than 5.68 days, and it has high application value.

[0067] The above embodiments can preferably illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but only describe the preferred implementation manner of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for fattening sheep, characterized in that: The components of the compound feed are as follows: by weight, 350-410 parts of corn, 130-170 parts of corn stalks, 100-140 parts of wheat bran, 80-110 parts of corn husks, 70-90 parts of sprayed corn husks, 60-80 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of premix, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 4-8 parts of salt, 4-8 parts of calcium sulfate, 2-4 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 1-3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate.

2. The compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The crude protein content of soybean meal is ≥43%.

3. The compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The crude protein content of cottonseed meal is ≥60%.

4. The compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The components of the premix are: by mass percentage, 3.5% of trace element premix, 1% of vitamin premix, 20% of microecological premix, 1% of antioxidant, and 74.5% of rice husk powder carrier.

5. The compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that The components of the trace element premix are: by mass percentage, 25.4% of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 17.7% of zinc sulfate, 2.3% of basic cupric chloride, 24% of manganese sulfate, 14.3% of yeast selenium, 13.4% of calcium iodate, and 2.9% of cobalt chloride.

6. The compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that The components of the vitamin premix are: by mass percentage, 7.8% of vitamin A, 31.8% of vitamin D, 58.4% of vitamin E, and 32% of niacinamide.

7. The compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that The components of the microecological premix are: by mass percentage, 70% of Bacillus subtilis agent and 30% of Clostridium butyricum agent; the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis agent is ≥1.0×10 11 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Clostridium butyricum agent ≥1.0×10 11 CFU / g.

8. The compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that The antioxidant is santoquin.

9. The method for preparing the compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Preparing a premix: by weight percentage, 3.5% of a trace element premix, 1% of a vitamin premix, 20% of a probiotic premix, 1% of an antioxidant, and 74.5% of a rice husk powder carrier are uniformly mixed to obtain a premix; According to the raw material ratio of claim 1, corn, corn stalks, wheat bran, corn husks, sprayed corn husks, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, flour, premix, stone powder, salt, calcium sulfate, urea, baking soda, and calcium hydrogen phosphate are uniformly mixed; After being evenly mixed, the mixture is sent to a feed pelletizing machine, steam is introduced, and pelletizing is performed under the processing technology standards of steam pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa, temperature of 80-90° C., ring die aperture of 6.0-8.0 mm, and particle length of 8.0-12.0 mm. After cooling and drying, the compound feed is obtained.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The corn is pre-crushed with a 6.0-8.0 mm sieve; The corn stalks are pre-crushed with a 4.0-6.0 mm sieve; The temperature difference between the temperature of the cooled compound feed and the room temperature should be less than 6°C; After drying, the powder content of the compound feed should be <3% and the moisture content should be <12%.

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