Veterinary drug for treating dysentery of various livestock and poultry and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of veterinary drugs for livestock and poultry dysentery, and particularly discloses a veterinary drug for treating various livestock and poultry dysentery and a preparation method thereof.The veterinary drug is prepared from, by mass, 40-60 g of Chinese pulsatilla roots, 20-40 g of felwort, 20-40 g of scutellaria baicalensis, 30-50 g of radix paeoniae alba, 40-60 g of angelica sinensis, 20-40 g of radix aucklandiae, 20-40 g of areca catechu slices, 10-30 g of liquorice, 20-40 g of coptis chinensis, 30-50 g of berberis poiretii schneid and 30-50 g of ardisia crispa roots. The veterinary drug solves the problem of unsatisfactory curative effect of the traditional western medicine for treating livestock and poultry dysentery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of veterinary drugs for livestock and poultry dysentery, and specifically discloses a veterinary drug for treating various livestock and poultry dysentery and its preparation method. Background Art

[0002] Veterinary drugs refer to substances used for preventing, treating, and diagnosing animal diseases or purposefully regulating the physiological functions of animals. They are one of the important resources for ensuring the healthy growth of animals and preventing and controlling animal diseases, and are an important support for the livestock industry. The quality of veterinary drugs is not only related to the prevention and treatment of diseases in livestock and poultry and other animals and the sustainable, stable, and healthy development of the breeding industry, but also related to the human living environment and human health. Driven by the rapid growth of the global population and the continuous increase in food demand, the market scale of the global veterinary drug industry has grown rapidly. With the continuous increase in the use of veterinary drugs, problems such as drug residues and bacterial drug resistance caused by the abuse of veterinary antibiotics have become increasingly serious. The drug resistance rate of animal-derived bacteria has increased, resulting in a decrease in the efficacy of veterinary antibiotics, forcing an increase in the dosage of drugs in the breeding link, thus exacerbating the risks of the toxic and side effects of veterinary antibiotics and excessive residues, seriously threatening the quality safety of livestock, poultry, and aquatic products and public health safety, and posing potential hazards to human and animal health. Countries around the world have adopted different methods to ensure the safety of veterinary drugs;

[0003] Livestock and poultry dysentery is an intestinal disease caused by virus or bacterial infection, mainly due to environmental factors, food hygiene, etc. The main clinical symptoms are frequent diarrhea, frequent defecation, thin feces or feces containing pus and blood, or feces containing undigested feed or other pathological contents. The amount of feces each time is not much and there is tenesmus, which seriously affects the health of the animal body and causes serious economic losses;

[0004] At present, there are many drugs for treating dysentery diseases. Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on sterilization, anti-inflammation, and fluid replacement, but there are generally problems such as unsatisfactory efficacy or drug residues. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that livestock and poultry dysentery is mainly dysentery caused by heat toxin accumulating in the gastrointestinal tract, belonging to the syndrome of excess heat in the interior. The treatment should follow the principle of clearing heat and detoxifying, drying dampness and astringing. It can be seen that developing a special-effect drug for treating livestock and poultry dysentery without toxic and side effects, drug residues, and drug resistance is one of the new issues that scientific and technical personnel in this field are eager to solve.

[0005] The present invention provides a veterinary drug for treating various livestock and poultry dysentery to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional Western medicine treatment of livestock and poultry dysentery has unsatisfactory efficacy.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following basic solution:

[0008] A veterinary drug for treating dysentery in various livestock and poultry, calculated by mass in grams, includes 40 - 60 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 20 - 40 g of Gentiana scabra, 20 - 40 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30 - 50 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 40 - 60 g of Angelica sinensis, 20 - 40 g of Aucklandia lappa, 20 - 40 g of Areca catechu, 10 - 30 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 20 - 40 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 - 50 g of Berberis soulieana, and 30 - 50 g of Ardisia crispa root.

[0009] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a veterinary drug for treating dysentery in various livestock and poultry, including the following steps:

[0010] S01: Crush the raw materials and pass through a 600 - 800 - mesh sieve, then the sieved raw materials are fully mixed with Berberis soulieana extract and Ardisia crispa root extract by a stirring device at room temperature for 5 - 10 minutes;

[0011] S02: Place the paste - like mixture obtained in step S01 on a placement tray, and place the placement tray in steam for 20 - 30 minutes for steam dilution;

[0012] S03: Take out the placement tray in S02 and add warm water for continuous dilution, and use a stirring rod to mix evenly during the dilution process;

[0013] S04: Use an injector during the mixing process, and orally administer the temperature - bearing dilution liquid to livestock and poultry through the injector.

[0014] Further, after the Berberis soulieana powder is processed, it is soaked with methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and placed in a shaker for 24 - 48 h. The Berberis soulieana powder and the methanol soaking solution are filtered by suction, and the filtered liquid is placed in a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation. Set the temperature at 50° - 55° until the methanol evaporates completely to obtain Berberis soulieana extract. The concentration of the Berberis soulieana extract is 0.1 g / mL, 0.3 g / mL, and 0.5 g / mL.

[0015] Further, collect healthy Ardisia crispa roots, wash and dry them. After crushing the Ardisia crispa roots, soak them in 95% methanol for 24 - 36 hours. After refluxing with a rotary evaporator, obtain an extract, recover the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain the alcohol - extracted extract of Ardisia crispa root, perform rotary evaporation treatment, and dilute to a suitable concentration. The concentration of the Ardisia crispa root extract is 0.5 g / mL, 1 g / mL, and 2 g / mL.

[0016] Further, calculated by mass in grams, it includes 40 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 20 g of Gentiana scabra, 20 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 40 g of Angelica sinensis, 20 g of Aucklandia lappa, 20 g of Areca catechu, 10 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 20 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 g of Berberis soulieana, and 30 g of Ardisia crispa.

[0017] Further, by mass in grams, it includes 50 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 30 g of Gentiana scabra, 30 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 40 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 50 g of Angelica sinensis, 30 g of Aucklandia lappa, 30 g of Areca catechu slices, 20 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 30 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 - 50 g of Berberis soulieana, and 40 g of Ardisia crispa.

[0018] Further, by mass in grams, it includes 60 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 40 g of Gentiana scabra, 40 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 50 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 60 g of Angelica sinensis, 40 g of Aucklandia lappa, 40 g of Areca catechu slices, 30 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 40 g of Coptis chinensis, 50 g of Berberis soulieana, and 50 g of Ardisia crispa.

[0019] Further, in step S01, when using a stirring device to fully mix the Berberis soulieana extract and the Ardisia crispa root extract at room temperature, an additive needs to be added, and the additive is paste - like honey.

[0020] Further, in step S02, the temperature of the warm water is not lower than 55 °C, and the temperature of the dilution liquid during the dilution process shall not be lower than 45 °C.

[0021] Further, a filter screen is provided on the filling device, and the material of the filter screen is gauze.

[0022] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows:

[0023] 1. Compared with the prior art, based on the above - mentioned traditional Chinese medicines, this invention is combined according to the theory of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, aiming at the pathogenic factors and clinical symptoms of livestock and poultry dysentery, and plays a role in treating both the symptoms and the root causes. The traditional Chinese medicine composition of this invention is pollution - free, non - toxic, has no drug residues, no drug resistance, and has a very significant curative effect. At the same time, the range of raw material sources is wide and the cost is low. This solution not only has a reasonable formula, but also has a simple preparation method. The raw material components are mixed step by step to be more uniform; and after ultrafine grinding, the bioavailability is high.

[0024] 2. Compared with the prior art, this solution has a special effect on treating livestock and poultry dysentery, and makes the meat quality of its products meet the pollution - free requirements, meet the export standards of the products, and effectively guarantee the physical health of people.

[0025] 3. Compared with the prior art, through experiments, this solution can effectively deal with the phenomena of cold limbs, purple mouth color, and lying on the ground unable to get up caused by dysentery, and can effectively relieve the above - mentioned phenomena.

[0026] 4. Compared with the prior art, the imbalance of Escherichia coli is an important cause of livestock and poultry dysentery. This solution uses Ardisia crispa to resist the inflammation brought by dysentery, which can effectively reduce the mortality rate of livestock and poultry; this solution uses Berberis soulieana to resist the diarrhea brought by dysentery. Berberis soulieana contains berberine, and berberine has a significant antibacterial effect, especially the best effect on Gram - negative Escherichia coli. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended invention purpose, the following, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation manners, structures, features, and effects according to the present invention as follows.

[0028] A veterinary drug for treating dysentery in various livestock and poultry, by mass in grams, includes 40 - 60 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 20 - 40 g of Gentiana scabra, 20 - 40 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30 - 50 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 40 - 60 g of Angelica sinensis, 20 - 40 g of Aucklandia lappa, 20 - 40 g of Areca catechu, 10 - 30 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 20 - 40 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 - 50 g of Berberis soulieana, and 30 - 50 g of Ardisia crispa root.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] By mass in grams, it includes 40 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 20 g of Gentiana scabra, 20 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 40 g of Angelica sinensis, 20 g of Aucklandia lappa, 20 g of Areca catechu, 10 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 20 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 g of Berberis soulieana, and 30 g of Ardisia crispa.

[0031] Regarding the treatment of Berberis soulieana:

[0032] The processed Berberis soulieana powder is soaked with methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and placed in a shaker for 24 h. The Berberis soulieana powder and the methanol soaking solution are filtered by suction. The filtered liquid is placed in a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation. Set the temperature at 50 °C. After the methanol evaporates completely, it is the Berberis soulieana extract, and the concentration of the Berberis soulieana extract is 0.1 g / mL.

[0033] Regarding the treatment of Ardisia crispa:

[0034] Collect healthy Ardisia crispa roots, wash and dry them. After pulverizing the Ardisia crispa roots, soak them in 95% methanol for 24 hours. After refluxing in a rotary evaporator, obtain the extract. Recover the solvent under reduced pressure to get the alcohol extract of Ardisia crispa roots. Perform rotary evaporation treatment and dilute to a suitable concentration. The concentration of the Ardisia crispa root extract is 0.5 g / mL.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] By mass in grams, it includes 50 g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 30 g of Gentiana scabra, 30 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 40 g of Paeonia lactiflora, 50 g of Angelica sinensis, 30 g of Aucklandia lappa, 30 g of Areca catechu, 20 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 30 g of Coptis chinensis, 30 - 50 g of Berberis soulieana, and 40 g of Ardisia crispa.

[0037] The processed Berberis soulieana powder is soaked with methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and placed in a shaker for 36 h. The Berberis soulieana powder and the methanol soaking solution are filtered by suction. The filtered liquid is placed in a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation. Set the temperature at 52 °C. After the methanol evaporates completely, it is the Berberis soulieana extract, and the concentration of the Berberis soulieana extract is 0.3 g / mL.

[0038] In the treatment of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC.:

[0039] Collect healthy roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., wash and air-dry them. After pulverizing the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., soak them in 95% methanol for 30 hours. After refluxing with a rotary evaporator, obtain the extract. Recover the solvent under reduced pressure to get the alcoholic extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., perform rotary evaporation treatment, and dilute to a suitable concentration. The concentration of the extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is 1 g / mL.

[0040] Example 3:

[0041] By mass in grams, it includes 60 g of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, 40 g of Gentiana scabra Bunge, 40 g of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, 50 g of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, 60 g of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, 40 g of Aucklandia lappa Decne, 40 g of Areca catechu L., 30 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, 40 g of Coptis chinensis Franch, 50 g of Berberis poiretii Schneid, and 50 g of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC.

[0042] After the powder of Berberis poiretii Schneid is treated, soak it with methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and place it in a shaker for 48 h. Filter the powder of Berberis poiretii Schneid and the methanol soaking solution, and place the filtered liquid in a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation. Set the temperature at 55° and wait until the methanol evaporates completely to obtain the extract of Berberis poiretii Schneid. The concentration of the extract of Berberis poiretii Schneid is 0.5 g / mL.

[0043] In the treatment of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC.:

[0044] Collect healthy roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., wash and air-dry them. After pulverizing the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., soak them in 95% methanol for 36 hours. After refluxing with a rotary evaporator, obtain the extract. Recover the solvent under reduced pressure to get the alcoholic extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., perform rotary evaporation treatment, and dilute to a suitable concentration. The concentration of the extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is 2 g / mL.

[0045] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a veterinary drug for treating various livestock and poultry dysentery, including the following steps:

[0046] Examples 1 to 3 all adopt the following scheme:

[0047] S01: Pulverize the raw materials and then pass them through a 600 - 800 mesh sieve. Then, the sieved raw materials are fully mixed with the extract of Berberis poiretii Schneid and the extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. at room temperature using a stirring device for 5 - 10 minutes;

[0048] S02: Place the paste-like mixture obtained in step S01 on a placement tray, and place the placement tray in steam for 20 - 30 minutes for dilution;

[0049] S03: Take out the placement tray in S02 and add warm water for continuous dilution, and use a stirring rod to mix evenly during the dilution process;

[0050] S04: During the mixing process, use a syringe to orally administer the temperature-controlled diluted liquid to livestock and poultry through the syringe.

[0051] Specifically: Further, in step S01, when using a stirring device to fully mix three - needle extract and Ardisiae Crenatae Sims Root extract at room temperature, an additive needs to be added. The additive is paste - like honey. Further, in step S02, the temperature of the warm water is not lower than 55°, and during the dilution process, the temperature of the dilution liquid must not be lower than 45°. Further, the filling device is provided with a filter screen, and the material of the filter screen is gauze.

[0052] Experimental analysis:

[0053] Taking common livestock and poultry, cattle as an example, 200 diseased cattle with the same growth environment, the same age, the same gender, and diagnosed with dysentery are selected. The 200 diseased cattle are divided into 5 groups. Among them, three groups are experimental groups, corresponding to three examples; another group is the western medicine group, and the last group is the blank group.

[0054] The data is as shown in Table 1 below:

[0055]

[0056] Table 1

[0057] The western medicine group uses common ampicillin. Ampicillin is a commonly used antibiotic that can effectively treat bacterial dysentery in livestock and poultry;

[0058] It can be found that for the western medicine group, ampicillin can effectively deal with bacterial dysentery in livestock and poultry; however, there is still a mortality rate;

[0059] As can be seen from Table 1, the solution in this case is the experimental group. Judging from the results, this prescription can also effectively deal with bacterial dysentery in livestock and poultry; however, there is still a mortality rate;

[0060] As can be seen from the blank group, without taking any intervention measures, there is a certain survival rate in livestock and poultry, but the lethality rate is relatively high. Combining with the blank group, it can be known that the western medicine group and the experimental group have the effect of treating bacterial dysentery and the efficacy of the western medicine group and the experimental group is equivalent;

[0061] Experimental demonstration that the experimental group is superior to the western medicine group:

[0062]

[0063] Table 2

[0064] As can be seen from Table 2, taking the cattle that survived dysentery as samples and continuously raising them until they are slaughtered, there is no recurrence of dysentery in the first group, the second group, and the third group, indicating the continuous effectiveness of this solution. And after slaughter, the number of cattle with unqualified meat quality detection is 0, indicating that on the premise of effectiveness, this solution does not have the characteristic of drug residue;

[0065] In the control group of Western medicine, based on a sample of 35, 5 animals got sick again, and 10 animals failed the meat quality test, all due to drug residues in the meat.

[0066] As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, this solution has the same efficacy as Western medicine and can treat diarrhea in livestock and poultry. Moreover, compared with Western medicine, it has certain advantages in terms of whether the animals get sick again in the future and no drug residues will be detected in the subsequent meat quality test, improving the meat quality.

[0067] Regarding the optimal ratio in the three experimental groups:

[0068] Combined with Table 1, it can be seen that:

[0069]

[0070] From the analysis of the results of mortality and survival rate:

[0071] By mass in grams, it includes 50g of Pulsatilla chinensis, 30g of Gentiana scabra, 30g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 40g of Paeonia lactiflora, 50g of Angelica sinensis, 30g of Aucklandia lappa, 30g of Areca catechu, 20g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 30g of Coptis chinensis, 30 - 50g of Berberis soulieana, and 40g of Ardisia crispa. After the Berberis soulieana powder is processed, it is soaked with methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and placed in a shaker for 36h. Then, the Berberis soulieana powder and the methanol soaking solution are filtered by suction. The filtered liquid is placed in a rotary evaporator for evaporation. Set the temperature to 52° and wait until the methanol evaporates completely to obtain the Berberis soulieana extract, and the concentration of the Berberis soulieana extract is 0.3g / mL. For the treatment of Ardisia crispa: Collect healthy roots of Ardisia crispa, wash and dry them. After pulverizing the roots of Ardisia crispa, soak them in 95% methanol for 30 hours. After refluxing with a rotary evaporator, obtain the extract. Recover the solvent under reduced pressure to get the alcohol extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa, and perform rotary evaporation treatment and dilute to a suitable concentration. The concentration of the extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa is 1g / mL.

[0072] The above-mentioned solution is the best solution, and it shows that when the concentration of the extract of the roots of Ardisia crispa is 1g / mL and the concentration of the Berberis soulieana extract is 0.3g / mL, the effect of treating bacterial diarrhea in livestock and poultry is the best.

[0073] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to form equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A veterinary drug for treating dysentery of various livestock and poultry, characterized in that: Measured by weight in grams, it includes 40-60g of Pulsatilla scabra, 20-40g of Gentiana scabra, 20-40g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30-50g of White Peony Root, 40-60g of Angelica sinensis, 20-40g of Costusroot, 20-40g of Areca catechu, 10-30g of Licorice, 20-40g of Coptis chinensis, 30-50g of Three Needles, and 30-50g of Root of Golden Root.

2. A veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: After treatment, the three needles powder is soaked in methanol at a mass ratio of 1:10 and placed on a shaker for incubation for 24-48 hours. The three needles powder and the methanol soaking liquid are filtered, and the filtered liquid is placed on a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation. The temperature is set to 50°-55°. After the methanol is completely evaporated, the three needles extract is obtained. The concentrations of the three needles extract are 0.1g / mL, 0.3g / mL and 0.5g / mL.

3. A veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 2, characterized in that: Healthy roots of Psoralea corylifolia were collected, washed and dried, crushed, and then soaked in 95% methanol for 24-36 hours. After refluxing on a rotary evaporator, an extract was obtained. The solvent was recovered under reduced pressure to obtain an alcohol extract of the Psoralea corylifolia root. The extract was subjected to suspension evaporation and diluted to a suitable concentration. The concentrations of the Psoralea corylifolia root extract were 0.5 g / mL, 1 g / mL and 2 g / mL.

4. A veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 3, characterized in that: Measured by weight in grams, it includes 40g of Pulsatilla scabra, 20g of Gentiana scabra, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 30g of White Peony Root, 40g of Angelica sinensis, 20g of Costusroot, 20g of Areca catechu, 10g of Licorice, 20g of Coptis chinensis, 30g of Three Needles, and 30g of Bailiangjin.

5. The veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 3, characterized in that: Measured by weight in grams, it includes 50g of Pulsatilla scabra, 30g of Gentiana scabra, 30g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 40g of White Peony Root, 50g of Angelica sinensis, 30g of Costusroot, 30g of Areca catechu, 20g of Licorice, 30g of Coptis chinensis, 30-50g of Three Needles, and 40g of Bai Liang Jin.

6. The veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 3, characterized in that: Measured by weight in grams, it includes 60g of Pulsatilla scabra, 40g of Gentiana scabra, 40g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 50g of White Peony Root, 60g of Angelica sinensis, 40g of Costusroot, 40g of Areca catechu, 30g of Licorice, 40g of Coptis chinensis, 50g of Three Needles, and 50g of Bailiangjin.

7. A method for preparing a veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S01: The raw materials are crushed and passed through a 600-800 mesh sieve, and then the sieved raw materials are fully mixed with the three needles extract and the Bailiangjing root extract at room temperature using a stirring device for 5-10 minutes; S02: The paste mixture obtained in step S01 is placed on a placing plate, and the placing plate is placed in steam, and the steam is diluted for 20 minutes to 30 minutes; S03: Take out the tray in S02 and add warm water to continue diluting. Use a stirring rod to mix thoroughly during the dilution process. S04: Use an injector during the mixing process to orally administer the warm diluted solution to livestock and poultry through the injector.

8. The method for preparing a veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S01, when a stirring device is used to fully mix the three-needle extract and the 100-ounce golden root extract at room temperature, an additive needs to be added, and the additive is paste honey.

9. The method for preparing a veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S02, the temperature of the warm water is not lower than 55°, and the temperature of the diluent during the dilution process is not lower than 45°.

10. The method for preparing a veterinary drug for treating various types of dysentery in livestock and poultry according to claim 8, characterized in that: The irrigator is provided with a filter screen, and the material of the filter screen is gauze.

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