Anchor pier and flexible photovoltaic support system self-adaptive to foundation settlement

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor pier self-adaptive to foundation settlement and a flexible photovoltaic support system, and belongs to the field of new energy photovoltaic, the anchor pier self-adaptive to foundation settlement comprises a base disc, a main body anchor pier, a piston pier and a pull rod, the main body anchor pier is clamped and fixed on the base disc; the piston pier is slidably arranged in the piston pier cavity; the pull rod is arranged in the pull rod channel in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the pull rod is anchored to the piston pier, the top end of the pull rod stretches out of the main anchorage pier, and the end is exposed and used for arranging a flexible inhaul cable led out of the flexible photovoltaic support system. The piston pier and the pull rod can slide relative to the main anchorage pier, so that the position of the exposed end of the top end of the pull rod is kept unchanged, additional pulling force generated by a flexible inhaul cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system cannot be caused, and the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system is prevented from being damaged by pulling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy photovoltaic, and particularly relates to an anchor pier and flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic supports on land generally adopt various forms such as fixed supports and tracking supports. Among them, the fixed support has the most mature technology, relatively low cost, and the widest application at present. The foundation mostly adopts pile foundation. Due to the light upper structure and small load, the column spacing of this type of support is small, the pile foundation is short, the pile diameter is small, and the cross-section of the upper rod is also small, which is economical and applicable, meeting the high requirements of photovoltaic projects for structural cost limitation.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of solar photovoltaic and the shortage of onshore land resources, solar photovoltaic construction has developed from land to water areas, such as photovoltaic projects of fishery-solar complementary, etc., and there is also great development space even in coastal tidal flats and nearshore waters.

[0004] In the beach sea and nearshore waters, due to the complex seabed geological conditions and the harsh and changeable marine meteorological conditions, the pile foundation design of the fixed support needs to consider that the photovoltaic modules are not submerged by water and struck by waves under the highest tide level and the maximum wind and waves. If the highest water level (tide level) is relatively high and the seabed silt layer is relatively thick, the pile foundation is relatively long, and the construction difficulty is high during pile driving, the construction cost is large, and the foundation cost accounts for a relatively high proportion. At this time, if the small pile spacing photovoltaic support type is adopted again, the overall cost of the photovoltaic field area is relatively high, and the economic benefit of the whole project will be very poor and it cannot be carried out. When the steel consumption of the upper structure changes little, it is necessary to find ways to reduce the number of pile foundations of the photovoltaic support. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a large-span photovoltaic support system adapted to the marine environment.

[0005] Due to the consideration of the steel consumption of the upper structure, the column spacing of the rigid photovoltaic support will not be made very large. Relatively speaking, the column spacing of the flexible photovoltaic support system can be made very large, and the pile foundation can be significantly reduced. However, in the sea, the loads caused by waves, currents, winds, etc. are all relatively large. The photovoltaic modules not only bear a large downward wind load, but also bear a large upward wind suction. The pile foundation needs to bear a large pressure and uplift force, and there is also a risk of relaxation and failure of the flexible cable under the action of the upward wind suction.

[0006] The existing anchor pier is a concrete solid pier. When the upper flexible cable of the marine flexible photovoltaic support system is anchored on these concrete solid piers, once the seabed silt or soft soil settles, the existing anchor pier will settle together with the seabed silt or soft soil, resulting in a huge additional tension in the upper flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system and damaging the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide an anchor pier and flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement, which is used to solve the problem that the existing anchor pier uses a concrete solid pier and settles together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed, damaging the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention discloses an anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, including a base plate for being arranged on the seabed; a main body anchor pier clamped and fixed on the base plate; a piston pier slidably arranged in the main body anchor pier; a pull rod slidably arranged in the main body anchor pier, and the bottom end of the pull rod is fixed on the piston pier. The top end of the pull rod extends out of the main body anchor pier and exposes a head end, and this head end is used to arrange a flexible cable drawn from the flexible photovoltaic support system; When the flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system at sea is fixed to the head end exposed at the top end of the pull rod, even if the silt or soft soil at the seabed settles, the base plate of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement and the main body anchor pier thereon will settle together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed. However, the piston pier and the pull rod will slide relatively with the settling main body anchor pier, so that the position of the head end exposed at the top end of the pull rod remains unchanged, and no additional tension will be generated on the flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system, thereby avoiding damage to the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system.

[0009] Preferably, a piston pier cavity and a pull rod channel are arranged inside the main body anchor pier, and the pull rod channel passes through the main body anchor pier from the top end of the main body anchor pier and is communicated with the piston pier cavity; the piston pier is slidably arranged in the piston pier cavity; the pull rod is slidably arranged in the pull rod channel, and the top end of the pull rod extends out of the pull rod channel and exposes a head end; a cable clamp is arranged at the head end exposed at the top end of the pull rod for clamping the flexible cable drawn from the flexible photovoltaic support system.

[0010] Preferably, the base plate is a disc, and a plurality of card slots are evenly arranged at intervals on the edge of the base plate. Correspondingly, a plurality of card heads are evenly arranged at intervals on the edge of the bottom of the main body anchor pier; After the main body anchor pier is placed on the base plate, by rotating, the plurality of card heads of the main body anchor pier are respectively inserted into the plurality of card slots of the base plate to realize the mutual clamping and fixing of the main body anchor pier and the base plate.

[0011] Preferably, an upper support ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod; Inside the ring body of the upper support ring, several vertical drainage holes are annularly arranged. Each vertical drainage hole runs through the entire upper support ring from top to bottom, so that the seawater falling outside the main anchor pier can flow into the piston pier cavity and the piston pier cavity through the vertical drainage holes.

[0012] Preferably, the piston pier is cylindrical and can slide up and down in the piston pier cavity. Among them, the part of the piston pier cavity above the piston pier forms an upper cavity, and the part of the piston pier cavity below the piston pier forms a lower cavity; When the piston pier slides upward in the piston pier cavity, the upper cavity shrinks, and at the same time the lower cavity expands; When the piston pier slides downward in the piston pier cavity, the upper cavity expands, and at the same time the lower cavity shrinks.

[0013] Preferably, a lower support ring is sleeved on the upper part of the outer wall of the piston pier; Inside the ring body of the lower support ring, several vertical drainage holes are annularly arranged. Each vertical drainage hole runs through the entire lower support ring from top to bottom, so that the seawater falling into the upper cavity of the piston pier cavity can flow into the lower cavity through the vertical drainage holes.

[0014] Preferably, a one-way ring is sleeved on the lower part of the outer wall of the piston pier. The one-way ring can allow the water in the lower cavity of the piston pier cavity to flow upward into the upper cavity, hinder the rapid flow of water from the upper cavity to the lower cavity of the piston pier cavity but allow slow flow.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement, which is arranged in the beach sea or nearshore sea area and includes a grid beam. The grid beam is formed by the vertical and horizontal interweaving of multiple longitudinal beams and multiple transverse beams. Each longitudinal beam is formed by sequentially connecting multiple beam units end to end. At both ends of each beam unit, side piles or middle piles are configured. Among them, at least two side piles are respectively located at both ends of each longitudinal beam. If there is a middle pile, the middle pile is located in the middle of each longitudinal beam; on both sides of the top of each beam unit, an upper left cable and an upper right cable are respectively configured, and a lower cable is configured below each longitudinal beam; a photovoltaic panel is arranged on the upper surface of the grid beam; On both sides of the end of the beam unit, an upper left cable anchor pier and an upper right cable anchor pier are respectively configured. At the end of the longitudinal beam, a lower cable anchor pier is configured. The upper left cable anchor pier, the upper right cable anchor pier and the lower cable anchor pier all adopt the above-mentioned anchor pier for adapting to foundation settlement and are all sunk below the mud line of the seabed; The ends of the upper left cable and the upper right cable are respectively fixed to the exposed ends of the top of the tie rods of the corresponding upper left cable anchor pier and upper right cable anchor pier; The end of the drop cable is fixed to the exposed end of the top of the tie rod of the corresponding drop cable anchor pier.

[0016] Preferably, the upper left cable, the upper right cable and the drop cable are collectively referred to as flexible cables; Each upper left cable anchor pier, each upper right cable anchor pier and each drop cable anchor pier are respectively equipped with a tensionable locking device. The exposed ends of the top of the tie rods of each upper left cable anchor pier, each upper right cable anchor pier and each drop cable anchor pier are connected to the flexible cable through a tensionable locking device; Each tensionable locking device includes A pier cable for docking with the exposed end of the top of the tie rod of the upper left cable anchor pier, the upper right cable anchor pier or the drop cable anchor pier; A split clamp, Several split cables, which are connected to the pier cable through the split clamp; An anchor, and several split cables and the flexible cable are connected together through the anchor; Among them, a flexible cable fixing hole and several split cable anchoring holes are arranged inside the anchor. The flexible cable fixing hole is located on the longitudinal center line of the anchor. The several split cable anchoring holes are symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal center line of the anchor. The end of the flexible cable is provided with a flexible cable end clamp. The flexible cable end clamp is fixed in the flexible cable fixing hole of the anchor to form a fixed end. One end of each split cable away from the split clamp is provided with a split cable anchor. The split cable anchors of several split cables are respectively fixed in several split cable anchoring holes of the anchor to form a tensioning end.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention discloses an anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, which includes a base plate, a main body anchor pier, a piston pier and a tie rod. The base plate is used to be arranged on the seabed. Inside the main body anchor pier, there are a piston pier cavity and a tie rod channel. The tie rod channel passes through the main body anchor pier from the top of the main body anchor pier and is communicated with the piston pier cavity. The piston pier is slidably arranged in the piston pier cavity. The tie rod is slidably arranged in the tie rod channel. The bottom end of the tie rod is anchored on the piston pier, and the top end of the tie rod extends out of the tie rod channel and exposes the end. This end is used to arrange the flexible cable led out from the flexible photovoltaic support system. When the flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system at sea is anchored on the end exposed at the top of the tie rod of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, even if the silt or soft soil at the seabed settles, the base plate and the main body anchor pier of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement will settle together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed. However, the absolute height of the piston pier will not change because of the relative sliding with the main body anchor pier. As a result, the lengths of the tie rod connected to the piston pier and the upper left cable, upper right cable and lower cable connected to the tie rod remain unchanged, and huge additional tension will not be generated in the upper flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system. Therefore, the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system will not be damaged by pulling.

[0018] (2) The anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement disclosed by the present invention does not require a large amount of excavation and complex foundation treatment. During installation, it only needs to be lifted to the designated position, lowered to the seabed mud surface, and the designed counterweight is applied on the top surface of the anchor pier for simple surcharge preloading to press the anchor pier into the soft mud surface. The whole installation process is simple, which can greatly reduce the engineering quantity of offshore installation construction and save investment.

[0019] (3) The anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement disclosed by the present invention can tolerate a relatively large foundation settlement. The upper structure is not affected by the settlement of the anchor pier, and no additional foundation treatment measures and upper structure strengthening measures are required. The whole structure can automatically adapt to the foundation settlement, solving the problem that huge additional internal forces are generated in the upper structure due to the settlement of the gravity anchor pier, greatly reducing the foundation and foundation treatment costs, and significantly reducing the overall structure investment.

[0020] (3) The present invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement. By adopting the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, even if the foundation settlement generated around the anchor pier will not generate additional extra tension in the cable, no large amount of foundation treatment engineering quantity will be generated, a large number of pile foundations can be saved, the engineering quantity of offshore pile foundation construction can be greatly reduced, and the steel consumption of the upper structure can be reduced. Finally, the investment cost of the overall structure can be reduced, making the application of the photovoltaic project in the nearshore sea area feasible and having a large application prospect.

[0021] (4) The present invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement. The tensile force generated by the flexible cable and the wind suction force generated by the upwind load are mainly borne by the anchor pier. The pile foundation mainly bears the vertical downward load and wave force transmitted from the upper structure. The horizontal force transmitted from the upper structure and the uplift force of the pile foundation are greatly reduced, significantly reducing the cross-section and the embedded depth of the pile foundation and reducing the pile foundation engineering quantity.

[0022] (5) The present invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement. The upper structure adopts the form of a combination of cables and grid beams. The cable is the main load-bearing member, bearing the tensile force. The lower cable bears the self-weight and the downward wind pressure load, etc. The upper left cable and the upper right cable bear the upward wind suction load, giving full play to the advantage of high strength of the cable. The grid beam mainly plays a supporting role, mainly in compression. The grid beam can form a truss both horizontally and vertically, reducing the unsupported length of the members and forming a stable system in space, being able to give full play to the compressive performance of the members and having the characteristic of less steel consumption in the conventional grid structure. The combination of the grid beam and the cable can give full play to the maximum potential of the tension and compression members, significantly reducing the steel consumption and saving the cost.

[0023] (6) The present invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement, adopting a combined force-bearing system of load-bearing cables and stabilizing cables. The lower cable, the upper left cable and the upper right cable are respectively provided with a stable minimum tensile force by the net gravity of the piston piers in the lower cable anchor pier, the upper left cable anchor pier and the upper right cable anchor pier, ensuring that the load-bearing cables and the stabilizing cables will not slack and fail under any working conditions, solving the problem that the single-sided cable of the light structure is prone to slack under the action of upwind and downwind loads. At the same time, when the upper wind load increases, the piston pier can drive the entire anchor pier and even the surrounding part of the foundation soil to provide sufficient anchoring force for the lower cable, the upper left cable and the upper right cable, ensuring that the entire structure can bear the maximum design load and ensuring safety.

[0024] (7) The present invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement. Aiming at the economic problems caused by the fact that "the upper flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system at sea is usually fixed to a concrete anchor pier or anchor pile. When the flexible cable is fixed to a concrete anchor pier, the anchor pier is generally a gravity anchor pier. Since there is generally thick silt or soft soil on the seabed, if the foundation treatment is not carried out, the anchor pier will continuously settle during use, resulting in a huge additional tension in the flexible cable and damaging the upper structure. If the foundation treatment is carried out, the engineering quantity is large, and it will also lead to poor economic benefits of the entire project. When the flexible cable is fixed to a concrete anchor pile, large-scale equipment such as a pile driving ship is required for pile driving, the construction cost is high, the number of anchor piles is large, and the overall cost of the project will be very high and uneconomical", the flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement disclosed by the present invention can reduce the high construction cost of the offshore pile foundation construction and installation of the photovoltaic support in coastal waters such as the beach sea, and solve the problems of large additional stress on the upper structure caused by large foundation settlement of the flexible cable gravity anchor pier, large foundation treatment engineering quantity, and excessive steel consumption of the upper large-span structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the main anchor pier in Figure 4 after rotating by an angle on the base plate and with the chuck placed on the plane between adjacent card slots on the base plate; Figure 5 is a top view of the flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention after removing the photovoltaic panel; Figure 6 is Figure 5 the top view of the single longitudinal beam in Figure 7 is an elevation view of the flexible photovoltaic support system adaptable to foundation settlement provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 is Figure 7 the partial enlarged view at B in Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the tensionable lock provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Description of the reference numerals: 100 - flexible cable, 1000 - flexible cable end chuck; 1 - Anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, 10 - Base plate, 101 - Card slot; 11 - Main body anchor pier, 110 - Piston pier cavity, 1101 - Upper cavity, 1102 - Lower cavity; 111 - Tie rod channel, 112 - Chuck; 12 - Piston pier, 121 - Lower support ring, 122 - Check ring; 13 - Tie rod, 130 - Upper support ring, 131 - Vertical drainage hole; 14 - Cable clamp head; 2 - Grid beam, 20 - Beam element, 21 - Longitudinal beam, 22 - Transverse beam, 23 - Photovoltaic panel; 30 - Middle pile, 31 - Side pile; 41 - Upper left cable, 42 - Upper right cable; 5 - Lower cable; 6 - Tensionable locking device, 60 - Anchor pier cable, 61 - Split clamp, 62 - Split cable, 620 - Split cable anchor, 63 - Anchor; 71 - Upper left cable anchor pier, 72 - Upper right cable anchor pier; 8 - Lower cable anchor pier. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0028] In order to solve the problem that the existing anchor pier is damaged due to the settlement of the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system caused by the settlement of the concrete solid pier together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed, the present invention provides an anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement. When the flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system at sea is anchored to the end exposed at the top of the tie rod of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, even if the silt or soft soil at the seabed settles, the base plate 10 and the main body anchor pier 11 of the anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement will settle together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed, but the piston pier 12 will relatively slide with the main body anchor pier 11 and the absolute height of the piston pier 12 will not change, so that the lengths of the tie rod 13 of the piston pier 12 and the upper left cable, upper right cable, and lower cable 5 connected to the tie rod 13 remain unchanged, and no huge additional tension will be generated in the upper flexible cable of the flexible photovoltaic support system. Therefore, the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system will not be damaged.

[0029] Example 1: An anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement Example 1 of the present invention provides an anchor pier adaptable to foundation settlement, and its structure and connection relationship will be described in detail below.

[0030] ReferenceFigure 1 , the anchor pier 1 for adapting to foundation settlement includes a base plate 10 for being arranged on the seabed; a main body anchor pier 11 with a piston pier cavity 110 and a tie rod channel 111 arranged inside. The tie rod channel 111 passes through the main body anchor pier 11 from the top of the main body anchor pier 11 and is communicated with the piston pier cavity 110; a piston pier 12 slidably arranged in the piston pier cavity 110 so that the upper part and / or the lower part of the piston pier cavity 110 are respectively emptied to form an upper cavity 1101 and / or a lower cavity 1102; a tie rod 13 slidably arranged in the tie rod channel 111. The bottom end of the tie rod 13 is anchored on the piston pier 12, and the top end of the tie rod 13 extends out of the tie rod channel 111 and exposes the end. This end is used for arranging a flexible cable 100 led out from a flexible photovoltaic support system; Wherein, the anchor pier 1 for adapting to foundation settlement is in a water environment at the seabed, and the piston pier cavity 110 and the tie rod channel 111 are both filled with water; When the flexible cable 100 of the flexible photovoltaic support system at sea is anchored on the end exposed at the top of the tie rod 13, even if the silt or soft soil at the seabed subsides, the base plate 10 of the anchor pier 1 for adapting to foundation settlement and the main body anchor pier 11 thereon will subside together with the silt or soft soil at the seabed. However, the piston pier 12 and the tie rod 13 will have relative sliding with the subsided main body anchor pier 11, so that the position of the end exposed at the top of the tie rod 13 remains unchanged, and no additional tension will be generated on the flexible cable 100 of the flexible photovoltaic support system, thereby avoiding damage to the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system.

[0031] In order to clamp the flexible cable 100 led out from the flexible photovoltaic support system, a cable clamp 14 is arranged at the end exposed at the top of the tie rod 13, as Figure 1 shown.

[0032] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the base plate 10 is a disc, and a plurality of card slots 101 are uniformly arranged at intervals on the edge of the base plate 10. Correspondingly, a plurality of card heads 112 are uniformly arranged at intervals on the edge of the bottom of the main body anchor pier 11; After the main body anchor pier 11 is placed on the base plate 10, by rotation, the plurality of card heads 112 of the main body anchor pier 11 are respectively clamped into the plurality of card slots 101 of the base plate 10, as Figure 2 shown, to realize the mutual clamping and fixing between the main body anchor pier 11 and the base plate 10.

[0033] The specific operation method for realizing the mutual locking and fixing between the main body anchor pier 11 and the base plate 10 is as follows: Before installing the anchor pier 1 for adapting to the foundation settlement, first install the piston pier 12 with the pull rod 13 into the piston pier cavity 110 of the main body anchor pier 11, and then place the main body anchor pier 11 on the base plate 10. First, place the chuck 112 on the plane between the adjacent card slots 101 on the base plate 10. As shown in Figure 3 shown, slightly lift and rotate the base plate 10 to make the chuck 112 snap into the card slot 101 and lock with each other, as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0034] In order to facilitate the relative sliding between the pull rod 13 and the main body anchor pier 11 while restricting the horizontal movement of the pull rod 13, preferably, an upper support ring 130 is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod 13. Among them, the pull rod 13 and its upper support ring 130 can slide up and down in the pull rod channel 111.

[0035] In order to facilitate the water flow through the upper support ring 130, referring to Figure 4 , a number of vertical drainage holes 131 are annularly arranged inside the ring body of the upper support ring 130. Each vertical drainage hole 131 runs through the entire upper support ring 130 from top to bottom, so that the seawater falling outside the main body anchor pier 11 can flow into the piston pier cavity 110 through the vertical drainage holes 131 and into the piston pier cavity 110.

[0036] It should be noted that the piston pier 12 is cylindrical, and the piston pier 12 can slide up and down in the piston pier cavity 110. Among them, the part of the piston pier cavity 110 above the piston pier 12 forms an upper cavity 1101, and the part of the piston pier cavity 110 below the piston pier 12 forms a lower cavity 1102; When the piston pier 12 slides upward in the piston pier cavity 110, the upper cavity 1101 shrinks, and at the same time the lower cavity 1102 expands; When the piston pier 12 slides downward in the piston pier cavity 110, the upper cavity 1101 expands, and at the same time the lower cavity 1102 shrinks.

[0037] In order to facilitate the relative sliding between the piston pier 12 and the main body anchor pier 11 while restricting the horizontal movement of the piston pier 12, a lower support ring 121 is sleeved on the upper part of the outer wall of the piston pier 12.

[0038] In order to facilitate the water flow through the lower support ring 121, the same as the upper support ring 130, a number of vertical drainage holes 131 are annularly arranged inside the ring body of the lower support ring 121. Each vertical drainage hole 131 runs through the entire lower support ring 121 from top to bottom, so that the seawater falling into the upper cavity 1101 of the piston pier cavity 110 can flow into the lower cavity 1102 through the vertical drainage holes 131.

[0039] Among them, the vertical drainage holes 131 of the upper support ring 130 and the lower support ring 121 are small and capillary-shaped, and their characteristics are as follows: When moving slowly, water can flow through in both the upward and downward directions. However, when moving quickly, due to the small size of the vertical drainage holes 131, the water flow is not fast enough to pass through quickly, and there is a strong blocking effect on the water flow.

[0040] In order to limit the water from flowing back from the upper cavity 1101 to the lower cavity 1102, a check ring 122 is sleeved on the lower part of the outer wall of the piston pier 12. The check ring 122 can allow the water in the lower cavity 1102 of the piston pier cavity 110 to flow upward to the upper cavity 1101, and hinders the water from flowing quickly from the upper cavity 1101 of the piston pier cavity 110 to the lower cavity 1102 but allows slow flow.

[0041] Specifically, when the piston pier 12 moves upward quickly, the check ring 122 has a large blocking effect on the fast water flow from top to bottom and will generate a considerable resistance. When the piston pier 12 moves upward slowly, the blocking effect of the check ring 122 on the slow water flow from top to bottom is reduced, and the generated resistance is also smaller.

[0042] Among them, the check ring 122 has the following characteristics: When the piston pier 12 moves downward, the water flow in the lower cavity 1102 can flow upward through the check ring 122, and the check ring 122 has a small resistance to the water flow.

[0043] The piston pier 12, together with the lower support ring 121 and the check ring 122 attached thereto, can slide up and down in the piston pier cavity 110.

[0044] When the base plate 10 of the anchor pier 1 for adapting to foundation settlement is placed on the seabed and the end of the top of the tie rod 13 is provided with a flexible cable 100 led out from the flexible photovoltaic support system, it enters the use stage. In the use stage, the piston pier 12 is at the bottom of the piston pier cavity 110 under the action of gravity and sits on the base plate 10. Since the shallow soil layer on the seabed is usually soft, under the action of gravity, the main anchor pier 11 and the base plate 10 will undergo slow settlement. The piston pier 12 remains stationary under the pulling force of the flexible cable 100, and there will be relative sliding between the main anchor pier 11 and the base plate 10 and the piston pier 12.

[0045] Since the foundation settlement process is very slow, the relative sliding between the piston pier 12 and the main anchor pier 11 is very slow. The upper support ring 130, the lower support ring 121, and the check ring 122 have very little resistance to the water flow, and the additional downward pulling force generated by the settlement of the main anchor pier 11 on the piston pier 12 is very small and can be ignored.

[0046] As the main anchor pier 11 sinks, the piston pier 12 is in a suspended state in water. At this time, the tension of the flexible cable 100 is mainly provided by the buoyancy of the piston pier 12 and the frictional resistance around it. Therefore, the tension of the flexible cable 100 remains unchanged during the foundation settlement process, and the settlement of the main anchor pier 11 has no influence on the force of the flexible cable 100 and the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system. That is, this anchor pier can automatically eliminate the influence of foundation settlement on the upper structure, forming an anchor pier 1 that adapts to foundation settlement.

[0047] Let the maximum tension value applied by the flexible cable 100 be , then its calculation expression is: (Equation 1) In the formula, is the maximum tension value applied by the flexible cable 100; is the combined weight of the piston pier 12 and the tie rod 13; is the sum of the water flow resistance and frictional resistance received when the combined body of the piston pier 12 and the tie rod 13 moves slowly upward (less than 20 mm / d) relative to the main anchor pier 11; is the buoyancy of the combined body of the piston pier 12 and the tie rod 13; is the angle between the center lines of the flexible cable 100 and the tie rod 13, as Figure 1 shown.

[0048] When the flexible photovoltaic support system bears general wind loads, this anchor pier 1 that adapts to foundation settlement undergoes slow foundation settlement. Since the piston pier 12 is in a suspended state, the tension applied to the flexible cable 100 remains constant, maintaining the normal use state of the entire flexible photovoltaic support system and resisting general wind loads.

[0049] When the wind load on the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system becomes larger or reaches the wind load under extreme conditions, the internal forces in the load-bearing cables and stabilizing cables in the structure also increase and vary pulsatingly with the wind load, driving the piston pier 12 and the tie rod 13 to move upward rapidly. At this time, the upper support ring 130, the lower support ring 121, and the one-way ring 122 have a strong blocking effect on the rapid water flow movement. The water in the upper cavity 1101 has no time to drain, generating a large water pressure on the inner wall; the water in the lower cavity 1102 has no time to be replenished, generating a large suction force on the inner wall. The superposition of these two effects binds the piston pier 12 and the main anchor pier 11 together, and the entire weight of the anchor pier is used to bear the increased cable tension of the cable due to the increased wind load, so as to reliably anchor the flexible cable 100 under extreme working conditions and ensure the bearing capacity of the overall structure under extreme working conditions.

[0050] Embodiment 2: A flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement, which adopts the anchor pier 1 for adapting to foundation settlement in Embodiment 1. The following describes its structure and connection relationship in detail.

[0051] Reference Figures 5 to 7 , this flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement is arranged in the beach sea or nearshore sea area and includes a grid beam 2.

[0052] The grid beam 2 is formed by the vertical and horizontal interweaving of multiple longitudinal beams 21 and multiple transverse beams 22. Among them, adjacent longitudinal beams 21 are connected by multiple crossbeam units, and multiple crossbeam units located on the same straight line are connected end to end in sequence to form a transverse beam 22, as Figure 5 shown.

[0053] Each longitudinal beam 21 is formed by connecting multiple beam units 20 end to end in sequence. Both ends of each beam unit 20 are provided with side piles 31 or middle piles 30, as Figure 6 shown.

[0054] The upper surface of the grid beam 2 is provided with a photovoltaic panel 23. Specifically, a chord member is arranged on the top surface between two adjacent transverse beams 22. Secondary beams are arranged at regular intervals on the chord member. Purlins are arranged on the secondary beams and the chord member, and photovoltaic modules are arranged on the purlins to form the photovoltaic panel 23.

[0055] Specifically, the outer ends of the beam units 20 at the ends of the grid beam 2 are respectively provided with a side pile 31, and the remaining ends of the beam units 20 of each longitudinal beam 21 between the two side piles 31 are respectively provided with a middle pile 30.

[0056] Among them, the two side piles 31 are respectively located at both ends of each longitudinal beam 21 composed of multiple beam units 20. If there is a middle pile 30, the middle pile 30 is located at the end of the middle beam unit 20 of each longitudinal beam 21.

[0057] Reference Figure 7 , on both sides of the top of each beam unit 20, a left upper cable 41 and a right upper cable 42 are respectively arranged, and a lower cable 5 is arranged below each longitudinal beam 21.

[0058] Among them, the left upper cable 41 and the right upper cable 42 play a stabilizing role on both sides of the top of the beam unit 20 and are also called stabilizing cables. The stabilizing cables bear the wind suction force generated by the upper photovoltaic modules. By applying a certain prestress, it is ensured that the stabilizing cables are always in a tensioned state and the vertical upward stiffness of the combined beam is ensured.

[0059] The lower cable 5 serves as a load-bearing member and is also known as the load-bearing cable. As the main load-bearing component, the load-bearing cable bears all the downward vertical loads transmitted from the upper structure. By applying a certain prestress, it ensures that the lower cable 5 is always in a tensioned state and guarantees the vertical downward stiffness of the composite beam.

[0060] Continue to refer to Figure 7 , on both sides of the end of the beam element 20, a left upper cable anchor pier 71 and a right upper cable anchor pier 72 are respectively arranged, and at the end of the longitudinal beam 21, a lower cable anchor pier 8 is arranged. The left upper cable anchor pier 71, the right upper cable anchor pier 72, and the lower cable anchor pier 8 are all the anchor piers 1 for adapting to foundation settlement in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Among them, the left upper cable anchor pier 71, the right upper cable anchor pier 72, and the lower cable anchor pier 8 are in the underwater environment with water, so that the lower cavity 1102, the upper cavity 1101, and the tie rod channel 111 of these anchor piers 1 for adapting to foundation settlement are all filled with water; and all the left upper cable anchor piers 71, the right upper cable anchor piers 72, and the lower cable anchor piers 8 sink below the mud line at the seabed.

[0062] Combined with Figure 8 , the ends of the left upper cable 41 and the right upper cable 42 are respectively fixed to the exposed ends of the top of the tie rod 13 of the corresponding left upper cable anchor pier 71 and right upper cable anchor pier 72; the end of the lower cable 5 is fixed to the exposed end of the top of the tie rod 13 of the corresponding lower cable anchor pier 8.

[0063] For the convenience of the left upper cable 41, the right upper cable 42, and the lower cable 5 to be respectively docked with the exposed ends of the top of the tie rod 13 of the left upper cable anchor pier 71, the right upper cable anchor pier 72, and the lower cable anchor pier 8, please continue to refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the left upper cable 41, the right upper cable 42, and the lower cable 5 are collectively referred to as the flexible cable 100. Each left upper cable anchor pier 71, each right upper cable anchor pier 72, and each lower cable anchor pier 8 are respectively provided with a tensionable lock 6. The exposed ends of the top of the tie rod 13 of each left upper cable anchor pier 71, each right upper cable anchor pier 72, and each lower cable anchor pier 8 are connected to the flexible cable 100 through a tensionable lock 6.

[0064] As a specific example, each tensionable lock 6 includes a cable of the anchor pier 60 for docking with the exposed end of the top of the tie rod 13 of the left upper cable anchor pier 71, the right upper cable anchor pier 72, or the lower cable anchor pier 8; a split clamp 61, a plurality of split cables 62, which are connected to the cable of the anchor pier 60 through the split clamp 61; The anchor 63, several split cables 62 and the flexible cable 100 are connected together through the anchor 63; Wherein, a flexible cable fixing hole and several split cable anchoring holes are arranged inside the anchor 63. The flexible cable fixing hole is located on the longitudinal center line of the anchor 63, and several split cable anchoring holes are symmetrically distributed with respect to the longitudinal center line of the anchor 63. The end of the flexible cable 100 is provided with a flexible cable end clamp 1000, and the flexible cable end clamp 1000 is fixed in the flexible cable fixing hole of the anchor 63 to form a fixed end. One end of each split cable 62 away from the split clamp 61 is provided with a split cable anchor 620, and the split cable anchors 620 of several split cables 62 are respectively fixed in several split cable anchoring holes of the anchor 63 to form a tension end.

[0065] As a specific example of realizing the connection between several split cables 62 and the anchor pier cable 60 through the split clamp 61, the ends of the anchor pier cable 60 and several split cables 62 are respectively penetrated through both ends of the split clamp 61.

[0066] Preferably, one anchor pier cable 60 is branched into multiple split cables 62 through the split clamp 61, and each split cable 62 is fixed in several split cable anchoring holes of the anchor 63 through the split cable anchor 620 to form a tension end.

[0067] When each split cable 62 is synchronously tensioned through the split cable anchor 620 at the tension end, several split cables 62 gradually enter several split cable anchoring holes of the anchor 63 and are anchored during the tensioning process. Therefore, through the tensionable locking device 6, the corresponding flexible cable 100 can be prestressed.

[0068] Embodiment 2 provides a flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement. The grid beam 2 has a large span and few piles. The maximum span can reach 30 m, and the pile distance between each bay can reach 10 m, which can save a large number of pile foundations, greatly reduce the construction quantity of offshore pile foundations, and reduce the structural cost.

[0069] Embodiment 3: A tensioning method for a flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a tensioning method for a flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement. The flexible photovoltaic support system for adapting to foundation settlement in Embodiment 2 is adopted, and this method includes the following steps: Step A: In sequence, connect the exposed ends at the tops of the tie rods 13 of all the upper left stay cable anchor piers 71, upper right stay cable anchor piers 72, and lower stay cable anchor piers 8 to the upper left stay cable 41, upper right stay cable 42, and lower stay cable 5 respectively through a tensionable locking device 6 to complete the installation of the tensionable locking device 6, including the following specific steps: Step A1: Respectively take the upper left stay cable 41, upper right stay cable 42, and lower stay cable 5 as flexible stay cables 100, and fix the flexible stay cable end clamps 1000 of the flexible stay cables 100 in the flexible stay cable fixing holes of the anchor member 63 to form fixed ends; Step A2: Respectively divide the anchor pier stay cables 60 into multiple branched stay cables 62 through the branched clamp 61, and fix each branched stay cable 62 in several branched stay cable anchoring holes of the anchor member 63 through the branched stay cable anchor 620 to form tensioning ends; Step B: Pre-tension the upper left stay cable 41, upper right stay cable 42, and lower stay cable 5 respectively to make the upper left stay cable 41, upper right stay cable 42, and lower stay cable 5 pre-straighten; Step C: Tension all the lower stay cables 5 respectively until the first designed tension value of the lower stay cables is reached, until the upper part of the grid beam 2 is pre-arched; Step D: Tension all the upper left stay cables 41 and upper right stay cables 42 respectively until the first designed tension value of the upper stay cables is reached; Step E: Arrange purlins on the upper part of the grid beam 2, and arrange photovoltaic modules on the purlins to form a photovoltaic panel 23; Step F: Tension all the upper left stay cables 41 and upper right stay cables 42 respectively until the second designed tension value of the upper stay cables is reached; Step G: Tension all the lower stay cables 5 respectively until the final designed tension value of the lower stay cables is reached; meanwhile, the upper left stay cable 41 and upper right stay cable 42 also reach the final designed tension value of the upper stay cables under the tensioning action of the lower stay cables 5.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that: The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: They can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor pier that is adaptive to foundation settlement, characterized in that: include A base plate (10) for being arranged on the seabed; A main anchor pier (11) is clamped and fixed on the base plate (10); A piston pier (12) is slidably disposed in the main body anchor pier (11); A pull rod (13) is slidably disposed in the main anchor pier (11), and the bottom end of the pull rod (13) is fixed on the piston pier (12), and the top end of the pull rod (13) extends out of the main anchor pier (11) and exposes an end, which is used to set a flexible cable (100) led out from the flexible photovoltaic support system; When the flexible cable (100) of the offshore flexible photovoltaic support system is fixed to the end exposed at the top of the tie rod (13), even if the silt or soft soil on the seabed settles, the base plate (10) of the adaptive foundation settlement anchor pier (1) and the main anchor pier (11) thereon will settle together with the silt or soft soil on the seabed, but the piston pier (12) and the tie rod (13) will slide relative to the settled main anchor pier (11), so that the position of the end exposed at the top of the tie rod (13) remains unchanged, which will not cause the flexible cable (100) of the flexible photovoltaic support system to generate additional tension, thereby preventing the upper structure of the flexible photovoltaic support system from being damaged.

2. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piston pier cavity (110) and a pull rod channel (111) are provided inside the main anchor pier (11), and the pull rod channel (111) passes through the main anchor pier (11) from the top end of the main anchor pier (11) and is connected to the piston pier cavity (110); The piston pier (12) is slidably disposed in the piston pier cavity (110); The pull rod (13) is slidably disposed in the pull rod channel (111), and the top end of the pull rod (13) extends out of the pull rod channel (111) and exposes the end; The exposed end of the top of the pull rod (13) is provided with a pull cable clamp (14) for clamping a flexible pull cable (100) led out from the flexible photovoltaic support system.

3. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate (10) is a circular plate, and a plurality of slots (101) are evenly spaced on the edge of the base plate (10). Correspondingly, a plurality of clamping heads (112) are evenly spaced on the edge of the bottom of the main anchor pier (11); When the main anchor pier (11) is placed on the base plate (10), the main anchor pier (11) is rotated so that a plurality of clamping heads (112) of the main anchor pier (11) are respectively clamped into a plurality of clamping grooves (101) of the base plate (10), thereby achieving mutual clamping and fixing of the main anchor pier (11) and the base plate (10).

4. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper support ring (130) is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod (13); A plurality of vertical drainage holes (131) are provided in an annular shape inside the ring body of the upper support ring (130), and each vertical drainage hole (131) penetrates the entire upper support ring (130) from top to bottom, so that seawater falling onto the outside of the main anchor pier (11) can flow into the piston pier cavity (110) and into the piston pier cavity (110) through the vertical drainage holes (131).

5. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston pier (12) is cylindrical and can slide up and down in the piston pier cavity (110), wherein the portion of the piston pier cavity (110) above the piston pier (12) forms an upper cavity (1101), and the portion of the piston pier cavity (110) below the piston pier (12) forms a lower cavity (1102); When the piston pier (12) slides upward in the piston pier cavity (110), the upper cavity (1101) shrinks and the lower cavity (1102) expands; When the piston pier (12) slides downward in the piston pier chamber (110), the upper chamber (1101) expands and the lower chamber (1102) contracts.

6. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 5, characterized in that: A lower support ring (121) is sleeved on the upper portion of the outer wall of the piston pier (12); A plurality of vertical drainage holes (131) are provided in an annular shape inside the ring body of the lower support ring (121), and each vertical drainage hole (131) penetrates the entire lower support ring (121) from top to bottom, so that seawater falling into the upper chamber (1101) of the piston pier chamber (110) flows to the lower chamber (1102) through the vertical drainage holes (131).

7. The anchor pier for adaptive foundation settlement according to claim 6, characterized in that: A one-way ring (122) is sleeved on the lower part of the outer wall of the piston pier (12). The one-way ring (122) can allow water in the lower chamber (1102) of the piston pier chamber (110) to flow to the upper chamber (1101), thereby preventing water from flowing quickly from the upper chamber (1101) to the lower chamber (1102) of the piston pier chamber (110) but allowing water to flow slowly.

8. A flexible photovoltaic support system capable of self-adapting to foundation settlement, arranged in a beach or near-shore sea area, comprising a grid beam (2), wherein the grid beam (2) is formed by a plurality of longitudinal beams (21) and a plurality of transverse beams (22) interwoven in a vertical and horizontal manner, wherein each longitudinal beam (21) is formed by a plurality of beam units (20) connected end to end in sequence, and each beam unit (20) is provided with side piles (31) or middle piles (30) at both ends, wherein: At least two side piles (31) are respectively located at the two ends of each longitudinal beam (21); if a middle pile (30) exists, the middle pile (30) is located in the middle of each longitudinal beam (21); an upper left cable (41) and an upper right cable (42) are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of each beam unit (20), and a lower cable (5) is arranged below each longitudinal beam (21); a photovoltaic panel (23) is arranged on the upper surface of the grid beam (2); the characteristics are: An upper left cable anchor pier (71) and an upper right cable anchor pier (72) are respectively arranged on both sides of the end of the beam unit (20), and a lower cable anchor pier (8) is arranged at the end of the longitudinal beam (21), and the upper left cable anchor pier (71), the upper right cable anchor pier (72) and the lower cable anchor pier (8) all adopt the anchor pier (1) for adaptive foundation settlement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and all are sunk below the mud surface line of the seabed; The ends of the upper left cable (41) and the upper right cable (42) are respectively fixed to the exposed ends of the top ends of the pull rods (13) of the corresponding upper left cable anchor piers (71) and upper right cable anchor piers (72); The end of the lower cable (5) is fixed to the exposed end of the top of the pull rod (13) of the corresponding lower cable anchor pier (8).

9. The flexible photovoltaic support system capable of self-adapting to foundation settlement according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper left cable (41), the upper right cable (42) and the lower cable (5) are collectively referred to as a flexible cable (100); Each upper left cable anchor pier (71), each upper right cable anchor pier (72) and each lower cable anchor pier (8) is respectively provided with a tensionable lock (6), and the exposed end of the top of the pull rod (13) of each upper left cable anchor pier (71), each upper right cable anchor pier (72) and each lower cable anchor pier (8) is connected to the flexible cable (100) via a tensionable lock (6); Each tensionable lock (6) comprises An anchor cable (60) is used to connect with the exposed end of the top of the pull rod (13) of the upper left cable anchor (71), the upper right cable anchor (72) or the lower cable anchor (8); A splitter fixture (61), A plurality of split cables (62) connected to the anchor cable (60) via the split clamp (61); The anchor (63), the plurality of branch cables (62) and the flexible cable (100) are connected together via the anchor (63).

10. The flexible photovoltaic support system capable of self-adapting to foundation settlement according to claim 9, characterized in that: The anchor (63) is provided with a flexible cable fixing hole and a plurality of branch cable anchoring holes inside. The flexible cable fixing hole is located on the longitudinal center line of the anchor (63). The plurality of branch cable anchoring holes are symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal center line of the anchor (63). The end of the flexible cable (100) is provided with a flexible cable end clamp (1000). The flexible cable end clamp (1000) is fixed in the flexible cable fixing hole of the anchor (63) to form a fixed end. The end of each branch cable (62) away from the branch clamp (61) is provided with a branch cable anchor (620). The branch cable anchors (620) of the plurality of branch cables (62) are respectively fixed in the plurality of branch cable anchoring holes of the anchor (63) to form tensioned ends.

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