Hurricane-resistant glass fiber reinforced plastic door
By designing measures to enhance the impact resistance of glass mechanisms in fiberglass doors, the problem of fiberglass doors being vulnerable to damage in hurricane weather is solved, and higher strength and stability are achieved, ensuring safety and durability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510378038.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In hurricane weather, fiberglass doors are easily damaged by strong impact forces, resulting in deformation, damage or even scattered debris, threatening safety.
A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door is designed, including a fixing frame and a glass mechanism. The glass mechanism is equipped with a corner protection mechanism, a locking mechanism, a removable support limit mechanism and two sets of reinforcement mechanisms to enhance the strength and stability of the glass mechanism and prevent damage caused by hurricane impact.
By enhancing the strength and stability of the glass mechanism, the risk of debris splashing during hurricane impact is reduced, the glass mechanism is avoided excessive displacement and breakage in hurricane weather, and the middle deformation and damage is prevented by reinforcement mechanism, ensuring the safety and durability of the fiberglass doors.
Smart Images

Figure CN120119871A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of doors and windows, and particularly to a fiberglass steel door resistant to hurricanes. Background Technique
[0002] Fiberglass steel doors are internationally known as the fifth-generation doors and windows after wood, steel, aluminum, and plastic. They have the firmness of aluminum alloy, the heat preservation and anti-corrosion properties of plastic steel doors and windows, and their own unique characteristics: colorful, beautiful, and fashionable. They do not expand under sunlight and do not shrink in cold winters. They do not require metal reinforcement, are resistant to aging, and can have the same lifespan as the building (about 50 years). The unique material structure of fiberglass steel doors endows them with certain excellent properties.
[0003] In some high-rise buildings, fiberglass steel doors are used as indoor lighting doors and windows. In some coastal cities, due to seasonal changes, hurricane weather is extremely likely to occur. Under hurricane weather, the continuous impact on fiberglass steel doors can easily cause damage to the fiberglass steel doors due to the strong impact force. Therefore, such fiberglass steel doors not only need to have sufficient strength and durability, but also need to withstand the deformation damage of the fiberglass steel doors caused by strong winds and even the threat of flying fragments. For this reason, we propose a fiberglass steel door resistant to hurricanes. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiberglass steel door resistant to hurricanes to solve the problems that need to be solved in the background technique.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A fiberglass steel door resistant to hurricanes, including a fixed frame and a glass mechanism. The glass mechanism is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame. The glass mechanism is used to prevent hurricane impacts. An edge protection mechanism for protecting the four corners of the glass mechanism is arranged inside the fixed frame and outside the glass mechanism. A locking mechanism for protecting and positioning the edge protection mechanism is arranged on the fixed frame. A detachable support and limit mechanism for strengthening the glass mechanism is arranged on the fixed frame. Two sets of reinforcement mechanisms for preventing the glass mechanism from deforming due to hurricane impacts are arranged on the fixed frame. A decorative mechanism for hiding the support and limit mechanism is arranged on one side of the fixed frame.
[0006] In some high-rise buildings, fiberglass doors are used as indoor lighting doors and windows. In some coastal cities, due to seasonal changes, hurricane weather is extremely likely to occur. Under hurricane weather, the fiberglass doors are constantly impacted, and are extremely likely to be damaged due to the strong impact force. Therefore, such fiberglass doors not only need to have sufficient strength and durability, but also need to withstand the deformation damage of the fiberglass doors caused by strong winds and even the threat of flying debris. The glass mechanism set in this invention has a certain strength, and can remain intact as much as possible when the glass mechanism is impacted, reducing the risk of debris flying. The fixed frame set can carry the glass mechanism and facilitate the installation and fixation of the glass mechanism. The decorative mechanism set can hide some parts on the glass mechanism, protecting the integrity of the entire device; Secondly, when encountering hurricane weather, the decorative mechanism can be removed from the fixed frame, and then the support and limit mechanism can be installed on the fixed frame. Such a setting can avoid excessive displacement and breakage caused by a large impact on the glass mechanism under hurricane weather. The two sets of reinforcement mechanisms set can reinforce the middle position of the glass mechanism, which can prevent the middle part of the glass mechanism from being damaged by impact deformation; Finally, the corner protection mechanism set can protect the corners of the glass mechanism, preventing the corners from directly contacting the fixed frame made of rigid materials and causing collision damage. The corner protection mechanism can be installed and fixed through the locking mechanism. When there is a gap between the corner protection mechanism and the fixed frame, A / B glue can be filled into it through the locking mechanism for foaming filling to avoid the appearance of the gap, and to a certain extent, avoid the possibility of the glass mechanism being damaged by collision inside the fixed frame
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0008] The fixed frame includes tempered glass, a filling cavity and a filling layer. Two sets of tempered glass are provided, and there is a filling cavity between the two sets of tempered glass, and the filling layer is filled inside the filling cavity.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0010] The corner protection mechanism includes a first threaded hole, a protection pad, a fitting groove and a second threaded groove. The top and side walls of the fixed frame are both provided with first threaded holes. The inner wall and top of the protection pad are both provided with fitting grooves. The protection pad is provided with second threaded grooves corresponding to the positions of the first threaded holes.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0012] The locking mechanism includes a first threaded rod, a screwing groove, a first through groove, and a second through groove. A screwing groove is provided at the top of the first threaded rod. The first threaded rod is threadedly installed inside the first threaded hole and the second threaded groove. A first through groove is provided at the top of the first threaded rod, and a second through groove communicating with the first through groove is provided on the first threaded rod.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0014] The support and limit mechanism includes a positioning strip, a limit block, a third threaded groove, a connecting block, a mounting piece, and a clamping frame. Two groups of positioning strips are provided on the glass mechanism. Multiple groups of limit blocks are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the fixed frame. A third threaded groove is provided on the surface of the fixed frame. A clamping block for clamping with the limit block is provided on the connecting block. The top of the connecting block is fixedly connected with a clamping frame through an inclined connecting seat. The clamping frame is clamped with the positioning strip. The bottom of the connecting block is fixedly installed with a mounting piece. An avoidance groove is provided on the mounting piece at a position corresponding to the third threaded groove. The third threaded groove and the avoidance groove are connected by a first locking screw.
[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0016] The reinforcement mechanism includes a first installation groove, a fourth threaded groove, a connecting plate, a rubber gasket, and a second locking screw. Two groups of first installation grooves are provided on the fixed frame. A fourth threaded groove is provided on the first installation groove. The connecting plate is snapped into the first installation groove. A rubber gasket that fits with the glass mechanism is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate. A second locking screw for threaded connection with the first installation groove is provided on the connecting plate.
[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0018] The decoration mechanism includes a second installation groove, a decorative plate, a partition plate, a clamping plate, a clamping block, and a positioning groove. Second installation grooves are provided on the top and bottom of the fixed frame. A partition plate is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate. Clamping plates are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the decorative plate. A clamping block that is snapped into the second installation groove is fixedly installed on the clamping plate.
[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0020] Multiple groups of positioning grooves are provided on one side of the fixed frame. A positioning rod inserted into the positioning groove is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate.
[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0022] The manufacturing material of the filling layer is polyvinyl butyral material.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0024] 1. The glass mechanism provided by the present invention has a certain strength and can remain intact as much as possible when the glass mechanism is impacted, reducing the risk of debris splashing. The provided fixing frame can carry the glass mechanism and facilitate the installation and fixation of the glass mechanism. The provided decoration mechanism can hide some components on the glass mechanism, protecting the integrity of the entire device;
[0025] 2. Secondly, when encountering hurricane weather, the decoration mechanism can be removed from the fixing frame, and then the support and limit mechanism can be installed on the fixing frame. Such a setting can prevent the glass mechanism from being severely impacted and displaced excessively and broken under hurricane weather. The provided two groups of reinforcement mechanisms can reinforce the middle position of the glass mechanism, thereby preventing the middle part of the glass mechanism from being damaged by impact deformation;
[0026] 3. Finally, the provided corner protection mechanism can protect the corners of the glass mechanism, preventing the corners from directly contacting the fixing frame made of rigid materials and causing collision damage. The corner protection mechanism can be installed and fixed through the locking mechanism. When there is a gap between the corner protection mechanism and the fixing frame, A / B glue can be filled into it through the locking mechanism for foaming filling to avoid the appearance of the gap, and to a certain extent, avoid the possibility of the glass mechanism being damaged by collision inside the fixing frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional installation structure diagram of the reinforcement mechanism of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional sectional structure diagram of the glass mechanism of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the corner protection mechanism of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the locking mechanism of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic three-dimensional connection structure diagram of the connecting block and the clamping frame of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the decoration mechanism of the present invention.
[0034] In the figure: 1 is a fixed frame, 2 is a glass mechanism, 3 is a decoration mechanism, 4 is a corner protection mechanism, 5 is a locking mechanism, 6 is a support and limit mechanism, 7 is a reinforcement mechanism, 8 is a first threaded hole, 9 is a protective pad, 10 is a fitting groove, 11 is a second threaded groove, 12 is a first threaded rod, 13 is a screwing groove, 14 is a first through groove, 15 is tempered glass, 16 is a filling cavity, 17 is a filling layer, 18 is a positioning strip, 19 is a limit block, 20 is a third threaded groove, 21 is a connecting block, 22 is a clamping block, 23 is a mounting piece, 24 is an avoidance groove, 25 is a connecting seat, 26 is a clamping frame, 27 is a first locking screw, 28 is a first mounting groove, 29 is a fourth threaded groove, 30 is a connecting plate, 31 is a rubber gasket, 32 is a second locking screw, 33 is a second mounting groove, 34 is a decorative board, 35 is a partition board, 36 is a clamping board, 37 is a clamping block, 38 is a positioning groove, 39 is a positioning rod, 40 is a second through groove. Detailed implementation manner
[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0036] Embodiment 1:
[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a hurricane-resistant fiberglass door, including a fixed frame 1 and a glass mechanism 2, the glass mechanism 2 is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame 1, the glass mechanism 2 is used to prevent hurricane impact, and a corner protection mechanism 4 for protecting the four corners of the glass mechanism 2 is arranged inside the fixed frame 1 and outside the glass mechanism 2, a locking mechanism 5 for protecting and positioning the corner protection mechanism 4 is arranged on the fixed frame 1, a detachable support and limit mechanism 6 for strengthening the glass mechanism 2 is arranged on the fixed frame 1, two reinforcement mechanisms 7 for preventing the hurricane from deforming the glass mechanism 2 by impact are arranged on the fixed frame 1, and a decoration mechanism 3 for hiding the support and limit mechanism 6 is arranged on one side of the fixed frame 1.
[0038] Among them, the set glass mechanism 2 has a certain strength and can remain as intact as possible when the glass mechanism 2 is impacted, reducing the risk of debris splashing. The set fixing frame 1 can carry the glass mechanism and facilitate the installation and fixation of the glass mechanism 2. The set decorative mechanism 3 can hide some components on the glass mechanism 2, protecting the integrity of the entire device. Secondly, when encountering hurricane weather, the decorative mechanism 3 can be removed from the fixing frame 1, and then the support and limiting mechanism 6 can be installed on the fixing frame 1. Such a setting can avoid large impacts on the glass mechanism 2 during hurricane weather, preventing excessive displacement and breakage. The two sets of reinforcement mechanisms 7 can reinforce the middle position of the glass mechanism 2, preventing impact deformation and damage in the middle of the glass mechanism 2. Finally, the corner protection mechanism 4 can protect the corners of the glass mechanism 2, preventing the corners from directly contacting the fixing frame 1 made of rigid materials and causing collision damage. The corner protection mechanism 4 can be installed and fixed through the locking mechanism 5. When there is a gap between the corner protection mechanism 4 and the fixing frame 1, A / B glue can be filled into it through the locking mechanism 5 for foaming filling to avoid the appearance of gaps, to a certain extent avoiding the possibility of collision damage of the glass mechanism 2 inside the fixing frame 1.
[0039] Embodiment 2:
[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 - 7 As shown in the figure, the fixing frame 1 includes tempered glass 15, a filling cavity 16, and a filling layer 17. There are two sets of the tempered glass 15, and there is a filling cavity 16 left between the two sets of the tempered glass 15. The filling cavity 16 is filled with a filling layer 17. The manufacturing material of the filling layer 17 is polyvinyl butyral material. The corner protection mechanism 4 includes a first threaded hole 8, a protection pad 9, a fitting groove 10, and a second threaded groove 11. The top and side walls of the fixing frame 1 are both provided with the first threaded hole 8. The inner wall and the top of the protection pad 9 are both provided with the fitting groove 10. The protection pad 9 is provided with the second threaded groove 11 at a position corresponding to the first threaded hole 8. The locking mechanism 5 includes a first threaded rod 12, a screwing groove 13, a first through groove 14, and a second through groove 40. The top of the first threaded rod 12 is provided with the screwing groove 13. The first threaded rod 12 is threadedly installed inside the first threaded hole 8 and the second threaded groove 11. The top of the first threaded rod 12 is provided with the first through groove 14. The first threaded rod 12 is provided with the second through groove 40 communicating with the first through groove 14.
[0041] Among them, the tempered glass 15 is set to have a certain rigidity, which can prevent the tempered glass 15 from being damaged due to excessive wind force. Subsequently, the filling layer 17 made of polyvinyl butyral material can avoid the tempered glass 15 from being damaged when it is impacted and can keep it as intact as possible, reducing the risk of fragment splashing. The protection pad 9 can protect the corner positions of the tempered glass. Subsequently, the protection pad 9 and the tempered glass 15 can be installed inside the fixed frame 1. Then, the first threaded rod 12 can be screwed into the first threaded hole 8 and the second threaded groove 11 to lock and fix the protection pad 9. When there is a gap between the protection pad 9 and the inside of the fixed frame 1, A / B can be input and filled through the first through groove 14 and the second through groove 40 to avoid the appearance of the gap, and to a certain extent, avoid the possibility of the glass mechanism 2 being damaged by collision inside the fixed frame 1.
[0042] Embodiment Three:
[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 - 7 As shown in the figure, the support and limit mechanism 6 includes a positioning strip 18, a limit block 19, a third threaded groove 20, a connecting block 21, a mounting piece 23 and a clamping frame 26. Two groups of positioning strips 18 are provided on the glass mechanism 2. Multiple groups of limit blocks 19 are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the fixed frame 1. The surface of the fixed frame 1 is provided with a third threaded groove 20. A clamping block 22 for clamping with the limit block 19 is provided on the connecting block 21. The top of the connecting block 21 is fixedly connected with a clamping frame 26 through an inclined connecting seat 25. The clamping frame 26 is clamped with the positioning strip 18. The bottom of the connecting block 21 is fixedly installed with a mounting piece 23. An avoidance groove 24 is provided on the mounting piece 23 corresponding to the position of the third threaded groove 20. The third threaded groove 20 and the avoidance groove 24 are connected by a first locking screw 27.
[0044] Among them, when a hurricane occurs, the decorative mechanism 3 is removed. Subsequently, the connecting block 21 is inserted through the gap between the two groups of limit blocks 19, so that the clamping block 22 and the limit block 19 are clamped with each other. The provided clamping frame 26 can contact the outside of the positioning strip 18. In this way, the glass mechanism 2 can be supported by the preliminary positioning of the limit block 19 and the connecting block 21. Then, the first locking screw 27 is passed through the avoidance groove 24 on the mounting piece 23 and is threadedly connected with the third threaded groove 20. In this way, the support of the glass mechanism 2 can be completed by the support and limit mechanism 6.
[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the reinforcement mechanism 7 includes a first installation groove 28, a fourth threaded groove 29, a connecting plate 30, a rubber gasket 31, and a second locking screw 32. Two groups of first installation grooves 28 are provided on the fixed frame 1. A fourth threaded groove 29 is provided in the first installation groove 28. The connecting plate 30 is snapped into the first installation groove 28. One side of the connecting plate 30 is fixedly connected to a rubber gasket 31 that fits the glass mechanism 2. A second locking screw 32 that is threadedly connected to the first installation groove 28 is provided on the connecting plate 30.
[0046] Among them, after the decoration mechanism 3 is removed, the connecting plate 30 is inserted into the first installation groove 28. At this time, the rubber gasket 31 can contact the surface of the glass mechanism 2, so as to prevent the glass mechanism 2 from being excessively deformed and broken. Subsequently, the second locking screw 32 can be inserted into the first installation groove 28 to complete the locking and fixing of the connecting plate 30, preventing the middle position of the glass mechanism from being deformed and broken.
[0047] Embodiment Four:
[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 7 The decoration mechanism 3 includes a second installation groove 33, a decorative plate 34, a partition plate 35, a clamping plate 36, a clamping block 37, and a positioning groove 38. Second installation grooves 33 are provided at the top and bottom of the fixed frame 1. A partition plate 35 is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate 34. Clamping plates 36 are fixedly installed at the top and bottom of the decorative plate 34. A clamping block 37 that is snapped into the second installation groove 33 is fixedly installed on the clamping plate 36. Multiple groups of positioning grooves 38 are provided on one side of the fixed frame 1. A positioning rod 39 that is inserted into the positioning groove 38 is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate 34.
[0049] Among them, when the decoration mechanism 3 needs to be installed, the positioning rod 39 on the decorative plate 34 is inserted into the positioning groove 38, so as to complete the preliminary positioning of the decorative plate 34. Subsequently, the clamping block 37 on the clamping plate 36 can be inserted into the second installation groove 33, so as to complete the installation of the decorative plate 34. At this time, the partition plate 35 can directly contact the glass mechanism 2 to hide the positioning strip 18 and the limiting block 19, ensuring the integrity and beauty of the entire device.
[0050] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A hurricane-resistant glass fiber reinforced plastic door, comprising a fixed frame (1) and a glass mechanism (2), characterized in that: The glass mechanism (2) is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame (1), and the glass mechanism (2) is used to prevent hurricane impact. A corner protection mechanism (4) for protecting the four corners of the glass mechanism (2) is arranged inside the fixed frame (1) and outside the glass mechanism (2). A locking mechanism (5) for protecting and positioning the corner protection mechanism (4) is arranged on the fixed frame (1). A detachable support and limit mechanism (6) for reinforcing the glass mechanism (2) is arranged on the fixed frame (1). Two groups of reinforcement mechanisms (7) for preventing hurricane impact and deformation of the glass mechanism (2) are arranged on the fixed frame (1). A decorative mechanism (3) for hiding the support and limit mechanism (6) is arranged on one side of the fixed frame (1).
2. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing frame (1) comprises tempered glass (15), a filling cavity (16) and a filling layer (17); the tempered glass (15) is arranged in two groups; a filling cavity (16) is left between the two groups of tempered glass (15); and the filling cavity (16) is filled with a filling layer (17).
3. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 2, characterized in that: The corner protection mechanism (4) comprises a first threaded hole (8), a protection pad (9), a fitting groove (10) and a second threaded groove (11); the top and side walls of the fixing frame (1) are provided with the first threaded hole (8); the inner wall and top of the protection pad (9) are provided with the fitting groove (10); and the second threaded groove (11) is provided on the protection pad (9) at a position corresponding to the first threaded hole (8).
4. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (5) comprises a first threaded rod (12), a screw-in groove (13), a first through groove (14) and a second through groove (40); the screw-in groove (13) is provided at the top of the first threaded rod (12); the first threaded rod (12) is threadedly mounted inside the first threaded hole (8) and the second threaded groove (11); the first through groove (14) is provided at the top of the first threaded rod (12); and the first threaded rod (12) is provided with a second through groove (40) connected to the first through groove (14).
5. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support and limiting mechanism (6) comprises a positioning strip (18), a limiting block (19), a third thread groove (20), a connecting block (21), a mounting plate (23) and a clamping frame (26); two groups of positioning strips (18) are provided on the glass mechanism (2); a plurality of groups of limiting blocks (19) are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the fixing frame (1); a third thread groove (20) is provided on the surface of the fixing frame (1); a fixing block (21) is provided with a fixing plate (23) for clamping with the limiting block (19); The top of the connection block (21) is fixedly connected to a connection frame (26) via an inclined connection seat (25), the connection frame (26) is clamped with the positioning strip (18), the bottom of the connection block (21) is fixedly installed with a mounting plate (23), an avoidance groove (24) is provided on the mounting plate (23) at a position corresponding to the third thread groove (20), and the third thread groove (20) and the avoidance groove (24) are connected via a first locking screw (27).
6. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reinforcement mechanism (7) comprises a first mounting groove (28), a fourth thread groove (29), a connecting plate (30), a rubber gasket (31) and a second locking screw (32); the fixing frame (1) is provided with two groups of first mounting grooves (28); the first mounting groove (28) is provided with a fourth thread groove (29); the connecting plate (30) is inserted into the first mounting groove (28); one side of the connecting plate (30) is fixedly connected with a rubber gasket (31) that is in contact with the glass mechanism (2); and the connecting plate (30) is provided with a second locking screw (32) that is threadedly connected to the first mounting groove (28).
7. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 6, characterized in that: The decorative mechanism (3) comprises a second mounting groove (33), a decorative plate (34), a blocking plate (35), a snap-on plate (36), a snap-on block (37) and a positioning groove (38); the second mounting groove (33) is provided at the top and the bottom of the fixed frame (1); the blocking plate (35) is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate (34); the snap-on plate (36) is fixedly installed on the top and the bottom of the decorative plate (34); and the snap-on block (37) snapped into the inside of the second mounting groove (33) is fixedly installed on the snap-on plate (36).
8. The hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of positioning grooves (38) are provided on one side of the fixing frame (1), and a positioning rod (39) inserted into the positioning groove (38) is fixedly installed on one side of the decorative plate (34).
9. A hurricane-resistant fiberglass door according to claim 8, characterized in that: The filling layer (17) is made of polyvinyl butyral material.