Blast hole self-adaptive deicer for strip mine in high-altitude cold region and deicing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting mining of surface mines in cold regions, and particularly discloses a blast hole self-adaptive deicer for a high-altitude cold region surface mine and a deicing method.The blast hole self-adaptive deicer comprises an icebreaking device body, the bottom of the icebreaking device body is fixedly connected with an icebreaking mechanism, and the top of the icebreaking device body is fixedly connected with a power mechanism; the ice breaking mechanism comprises a connecting disc, connecting disc through grooves are formed in the outer wall of the connecting disc in an annular array mode, side connecting plates are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the connecting disc, and a circular connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the connecting disc. By using the self-adaptive deicer, all-directional automatic cleaning of ice in blast holes with different hole diameters and depths can be achieved, full coupling of explosives and hole walls is guaranteed, the utilization efficiency of blasting energy is improved, the labor intensity of workers is relieved, and the blasting exploitation cost of mines in cold regions is controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting mining in cold-region open-pit mines, and in particular to a blasthole adaptive deicer and a deicing method for high-altitude cold-region open-pit mines. Background Art

[0002] As a strategic enrichment area of ​​metal mineral resources, my country's western region is the main battlefield for the supply of metal mineral resources in the future. From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the main distribution area of ​​its mineral resources is highly overlapped with the geographical space of high-altitude cold regions. The mining environment is complex and changeable, mainly manifested in extreme low temperatures, large temperature differences, dryness, lack of oxygen, and strong ultraviolet rays, which lead to rock freezing, deterioration of explosive performance, and reduced ergonomics, resulting in a series of problems such as reduced mining efficiency, increased blasting energy consumption, increased blasting vibration, and difficulty in ensuring worker safety, which poses a huge challenge to safe and efficient production in mines.

[0003] In the blasting mining process of open-pit mines, drilling is the primary link, which directly affects the explosive filling and blasting effect. However, the low temperature in high-altitude cold areas causes the fissure seepage and water accumulation in the blasthole to freeze easily, which hinders the coupling between the explosives and the hole wall, resulting in the failure of the explosives to match the frozen rock, resulting in the blasting plan being out of touch with the on-site working conditions, seriously affecting the blasting energy utilization rate and the safe and efficient crushing of the ore. Traditional blasthole anti-icing methods, such as covering with insulation materials, secondary drilling and scraping, etc., have problems such as complex operation, low efficiency, inability to completely remove the ice layer and poor adaptability to different blastholes. The repeated treatment of the blasthole ice layer and even the secondary blasting due to ice formation significantly increase the mining cost, which does not meet the development requirements of safe, green and intelligent mines. In view of this, the present invention proposes a blasthole adaptive deicer and deicing method for open-pit mines in high-altitude cold areas, aiming to solve the above-mentioned blasthole ice problem in open-pit mines in high-altitude cold areas.

[0004] According to the patent document: CN116752439A, a self-adaptive cable-climbing deicing robot disclosed includes an outer frame and a base, the outer frame is vertically detachably mounted on the base, a crawling drive structure crawls inside the outer frame and along the extension direction of the cable, a cutting deicing structure is arranged on the front side of the outer frame along the extension direction of the cable, the crawling drive structure includes a first crawling clamping mechanism and a second crawling clamping mechanism symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable, the upper crawling clamping mechanism is arranged at the top of the inner part of the outer frame, the lower crawling clamping mechanism can be lifted and arranged on the base, the cutting deicing structure includes a cutting adjustment mechanism slidably arranged on the base and a deicing blade head mechanism arranged on the front side of the outer frame and surrounding the outer periphery of the cable, and the cutting adjustment mechanism is connected to the deicing blade head mechanism in a transmission manner. The present invention can adapt to cables of different diameters and inclinations and can automatically adjust the distance from the cable in the radial direction to achieve a better deicing effect.

[0005] During the blasting and mining process of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions, there is usually a problem of frozen blast holes, which affects the blasting effect and increases the ore mining cost. Traditional de-icing methods, such as manual scraping and using ice-melting agents, are not only inefficient but also may cause irreversible pollution to the environment in the ecologically fragile areas of high altitudes. While the use of climbing de-icing robot technology described in CN116752439A can solve the de-icing problem of structures such as cableways to a certain extent, it is difficult to be directly applied to the de-icing of open-pit mine blast holes, and there are problems such as insufficient structural adaptability, limited environmental adaptability, and single de-icing method. Therefore, aiming at the difficult problem of de-icing open-pit mine blast holes in high-altitude cold regions, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated de-icing device and method with high environmental adaptability, diverse composite de-icing modes, and autonomous operation ability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a blast hole adaptive de-icer and de-icing method for open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a solution that can meet the needs of efficient and environmental protection de-icing of blast holes in open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions. By designing a unique adaptive structure, the de-icer can flexibly respond to blast holes with different diameters and depths, and at the same time, combined with an innovative de-icing method, a rapid and thorough de-icing effect can be achieved, so as to ensure the smooth progress of ore blasting and mining, reduce the operation cost and safety risks, and at the same time protect the environment of the ecologically fragile mining areas in high altitudes from pollution.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:

[0008] A blast hole adaptive de-icer and de-icing method for open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions, including a main body of the ice-breaking device, the bottom of the main body of the ice-breaking device is fixedly connected with an ice-breaking mechanism, and the top of the main body of the ice-breaking device is fixedly connected with a power mechanism;

[0009] The ice-breaking mechanism includes a connecting disk, the outer wall of the connecting disk is annularly and arrayedly provided with connecting disk through grooves, both the left and right sides of the connecting disk are fixedly connected with side connecting plates, and the top of the inner wall of the connecting disk is fixedly connected with a circular connecting sleeve.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the inner wall of the circular connecting sleeve is annularly and arrayedly fixedly connected with gear connecting blocks, the inner sides of the inner walls of the plurality of gear connecting blocks are rotatably connected with gears, the outer walls of the plurality of gears are fixedly connected with ice-breaking ring connecting rods, the tops of the plurality of ice-breaking ring connecting rods are fixedly connected with serrated ice-breaking rings, the bottom of the circular connecting sleeve is annularly and arrayedly fixedly connected with connecting vertical rods, the bottoms of the plurality of connecting vertical rods are fixedly connected with a bottom connecting sleeve, and the inner wall of the bottom connecting sleeve is fixedly connected with an ice-breaking component.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: The ice-breaking assembly includes an expanding and contracting connecting disk. The bottom of the inner wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disk is annularly and arrayedly provided with guiding grooves penetrating to the bottom. The outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disk is annularly and arrayedly provided with through holes penetrating to the inner wall. The top of the expanding and contracting connecting disk is rotatably connected with a turntable, and the top of the turntable is annularly and arrayedly provided with arc-shaped sliding grooves.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: The inner walls of a plurality of the guiding grooves are all slidably connected with expanding and contracting blocks. The bottoms of a plurality of the expanding and contracting blocks are all fixedly connected with ice-breaking drills. The bottoms of a plurality of the ice-breaking drills all extend to the outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disk. The outer sides of a plurality of the expanding and contracting blocks are all fixedly connected with expanding and contracting rods. The outer ends of a plurality of the expanding and contracting rods all extend to the outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disk through a plurality of through holes provided in the expanding and contracting connecting disk and are all fixedly connected with second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: The bottoms of a plurality of the second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks are all fixedly connected with second ice-breaking drills. The outer sides of a plurality of the second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks are all fixedly connected with second serrated ice-removing rings. The tops of a plurality of the second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks are all fixedly connected with rack plates. The tops of a plurality of the rack plates are all meshed with the outer walls of a plurality of gears. On one side of the bottom of the expanding and contracting rods on the inner sides of a plurality of the second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks, Z-shaped cross plates are all fixedly connected. The bottoms of a plurality of the Z-shaped cross plates are all fixedly connected with third ice-breaking drills.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: The tops of a plurality of the expanding and contracting blocks are all fixedly connected with abutting blocks. The outer walls of a plurality of the abutting blocks are all slidably connected to the inner walls of a plurality of arc-shaped sliding grooves provided in the turntable.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: The ice-breaking device main body includes an ice-breaking device outer shell. The outer walls on both sides of the ice-breaking device outer shell are all fixedly connected to the inner sides of two side connecting plates. The middle of the inner wall of the ice-breaking device outer shell is fixedly connected with a transmission pipe. The bottom of the inner wall of the transmission pipe is fixedly connected with an electric push rod. The bottom end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with a drilling television. The bottom of the outer wall of the transmission pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the turntable. On both sides of the top of the inner wall of the ice-breaking device outer shell, L-shaped connecting rods are all fixedly connected. The inner sides of two L-shaped connecting rods are all fixedly connected with slag collection buckets. The outer sides of two slag collection buckets are all fixedly connected with fan control elements. The top and bottom of two fan control elements are all fixedly connected with two slag suction pipes. The bottom ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes at the bottom all extend to both sides of the bottom of the connecting disk. The ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes at the top far away from the fan control elements all extend to the tops of two slag collection buckets. The top end of the transmission pipe extends to the top of the outer wall of the ice-breaking device outer shell and is fixedly connected with a circuit. The outer ring of the top of the ice-breaking device outer shell is fixedly connected with a toothed disk.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: The power mechanism includes a power mechanism main body, the bottom of the power mechanism main body is movably connected to the top of the ice-breaking device housing, the top inner wall of the power mechanism main body is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission pipe, both sides of the top of the power mechanism main body are fixedly connected with guide rods, the middle of the top of the rear guide rod is fixedly connected with a vertical plate, the top of the front side of the vertical plate is fixedly connected with a motor connecting plate, both the front and rear sides of the bottom of the motor connecting plate are fixedly connected with chute rods, the front side of the motor connecting plate is fixedly connected with a motor, the output end of the motor extends to the inner sides of the two chute rods and is fixedly connected with a second gear, the top inner wall of the power mechanism main body is fixedly connected with an L-shaped gear motor connecting block, one side of the L-shaped gear motor connecting block is fixedly connected with a gear motor, the output end of the gear motor is fixedly connected with a third gear, and the outer wall of the third gear meshes with the tooth disc fixed to the outer ring of the top of the ice-breaking device housing.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: Both inner walls of the two chute rods are slidably connected with rack rods, the inner sides of the two rack rods mesh with both sides of the outer wall of the second gear, the outer bottom sides of the two rack rods are fixedly connected with expansion and contraction plates, the bottoms of the two expansion and contraction plates are slidably connected to the left and right sides of the inner sides of the two guide rods, both outer sides of the two expansion and contraction plates are fixedly connected with two push-pull rods, both outer sides of the two groups of push-pull rods are fixedly connected with moving control plates, the tops of the two moving control plates are fixedly connected with second motors, the top and bottom of the front side of the two moving control plates are rotatably connected with columnar rotating rods, the rear ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods extend into the inner walls of the moving control plates and are rotatably connected to the rear sides of the inner walls of the moving control plates, the outer walls of one side of the two groups of columnar rotating rods extending into the inner walls of the moving control plates are sleeved with moving tracks, the output ends of the two second motors are fixedly connected with transmission discs, the front ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods are fixedly connected with second transmission discs, and transmission belts are sleeved on the outer walls of the two second transmission discs and the two transmission discs.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also relates to a high-altitude cold area open-pit mine blast hole adaptive de-icer and de-icing method, including the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Assemble the device in the above manner and place it into the blast hole to be de-iced, ensure that all components are firmly connected, and the motor and the power mechanism main body are in good working condition;

[0020] Step 2: Start the motor and the main body of the power mechanism. Control the movement of the power mechanism and the movement of the de-icing components. According to the diameter of the blast hole and the thickness of the ice layer, automatically adjust the diameter of the de-icer and the expansion and contraction movement of the ice-breaking drill and the second serrated ice-removing ring to ensure that the de-icer fits tightly against the inner wall of the blast hole and effectively breaks the ice layer. When the device moves to the ice layer position in the blast hole, the electric push rod starts, pushing the borehole TV downward to monitor the ice layer in the blast hole in real time. When the drilling motor detects the ice layer, the main body of the power mechanism starts;

[0021] Step 3: During the de-icing process, use the electric push rod to push the borehole TV to monitor the ice layer in the blast hole in real time, observe the de-icing effect, and adjust the de-icing strategy as needed;

[0022] Step 4: When the de-icing operation is completed, the slag suction pipe starts, using negative pressure suction to suck the broken ice and debris in the blast hole into the collection device to ensure that the inside of the blast hole is clean without residue. Then, reverse the transmission pipe through the power mechanism to adjust the positions of the ice-breaking drill and the second serrated ice-removing ring to restore the device to its initial state, and then take out the device to complete the entire de-icing process;

[0023] Step 5: As needed, the above steps can be repeated to perform de-icing operations on multiple blast holes to improve the mining efficiency and safety of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] By setting up the main body of the ice-breaking device, the ice-breaking mechanism and the power mechanism, the intelligent and mechanized treatment of the ice layer in the blast hole not only reduces the labor intensity of workers, but also improves the operation efficiency and safety. Through the fine structural design and power transmission mechanism, the de-icer can flexibly cope with various complex blast hole environments, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the de-icing operation. Its adaptive adjustment function enables the de-icer to work stably in blast holes with different diameters, different ice layer thicknesses and hardnesses, further expanding its application range and practicality. In addition, the de-icer also has a real-time monitoring function, which can detect and handle ice layer problems in a timely manner, providing strong technical support for the mining of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the main three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is the main three-dimensional sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is the main three-dimensional separated structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the ice-breaking mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic three-dimensional separated structure diagram of the ice-breaking mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic three-dimensional separated structure diagram of the ice-breaking component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic three-dimensional separated structure diagram of the main body of the ice-breaking device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the power mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic three-dimensional separated structure diagram of the power mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic three-dimensional separated structure diagram of the power mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Main body of the ice-breaking device; 11. Outer shell of the ice-breaking device; 12. Transmission pipe; 13. Electric push rod; 14. Borehole TV; 15. Circuit; 16. Slag collection bucket; 17. Fan control element; 18. L-shaped connecting rod; 19. Slag suction pipe; 110. Tooth disc; 2. Ice-breaking mechanism; 21. Connecting plate; 22. Connecting plate through groove; 23. Side connecting plate; 24. Circular connecting sleeve; 25. Gear connecting block; 26. Gear; 27. De-icing ring connecting rod; 28. Serrated de-icing ring; 29. Connecting vertical rod; 210. Bottom connecting sleeve; 211. Ice-breaking component; 2111. Expanding and contracting connecting plate; 2112. Guide groove; 2113. Through hole; 2114. Turntable; 2115. Arc-shaped chute; 2116. Expanding and contracting block; 2117. Ice-breaking drill; 2118. Block; 2119. Expanding and contracting rod; 2120. Second serrated de-icing ring connecting block; 2121. Second ice-breaking drill; 2122. Second serrated de-icing ring; 2123. Rack plate; 2124. Z-shaped horizontal plate; 2125. Third ice-breaking drill; 3. Power mechanism; 31. Power mechanism main body; 32. Guide rod; 33. Vertical plate; 34. Motor connecting plate; 35. Chute rod; 36. Motor; 37. Second gear; 38. Rack rod; 39. Expanding and contracting plate; 310. Push-pull rod; 311. Moving control plate; 312. Second motor; 313. Driving disc; 314. Columnar rotating rod; 315. Second driving disc; 316. Moving track; 317. Transmission belt; 318. L-shaped gear motor connecting block; 319. Gear motor; 320. Third gear. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] As Figure 1-2 shown, the present invention provides a blast hole adaptive de-icer for open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions and a de-icing method, including a de-icing device main body 1, a de-icing mechanism 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the de-icing device main body 1, and a power mechanism 3 fixedly connected to the top of the de-icing device main body 1.

[0039] As Figures 3-10As shown in the figure, the ice-breaking mechanism 2 includes a connecting disc 21. The outer wall of the connecting disc 21 is annularly and arrayedly provided with connecting disc through grooves 22. Both the left and right sides of the connecting disc 21 are fixedly connected with side connecting plates 23. The top of the inner wall of the connecting disc 21 is fixedly connected with a circular connecting sleeve 24. The inner wall of the circular connecting sleeve 24 is annularly and arrayedly fixedly connected with gear connecting blocks 25. One side of the inner walls of the plurality of gear connecting blocks 25 close to each other is rotatably connected with gears 26. The outer walls of the plurality of gears 26 are fixedly connected with ice-removing ring connecting rods 27. The tops of the plurality of ice-removing ring connecting rods 27 are fixedly connected with serrated ice-removing rings 28. The bottom of the circular connecting sleeve 24 is annularly and arrayedly fixedly connected with connecting vertical rods 29. The bottoms of the plurality of connecting vertical rods 29 are fixedly connected with a bottom connecting sleeve 210. The inner wall of the bottom connecting sleeve 210 is fixedly connected with an ice-breaking assembly 211. The ice-breaking assembly 211 includes an expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111. The bottom of the inner wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111 is annularly and arrayedly provided with guiding grooves 2112 penetrating to the bottom. The outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111 is annularly and arrayedly provided with through holes 2113 penetrating to the inner wall. The top of the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111 is rotatably connected with a turntable 2114. The top of the turntable 2114 is annularly and arrayedly provided with arc-shaped sliding grooves 2115. The inner walls of the plurality of guiding grooves 2112 are slidably connected with expanding and contracting blocks 2116. The bottoms of the plurality of expanding and contracting blocks 2116 are fixedly connected with ice-breaking drills 2117. The bottoms of the plurality of ice-breaking drills 2117 all extend to the outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111. The outer sides of the plurality of expanding and contracting blocks 2116 are fixedly connected with expanding and contracting rods 2119. The outer ends of the plurality of expanding and contracting rods 2119 all extend to the outer wall of the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111 through the plurality of through holes 2113 opened in the expanding and contracting connecting disc 2111 and are fixedly connected with second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120. The bottoms of the plurality of second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120 are fixedly connected with second ice-breaking drills 2121. The outer sides of the plurality of second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120 are fixedly connected with second serrated ice-removing rings 2122. The tops of the plurality of second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120 are fixedly connected with rack plates 2123. The tops of the plurality of rack plates 2123 are all meshed with the outer walls of the plurality of gears 26. One side of the inner sides of the plurality of second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120 at the bottom of the expanding and contracting rods 2119 is fixedly connected with Z-shaped cross plates 2124. The bottoms of the plurality of Z-shaped cross plates 2124 are fixedly connected with third ice-breaking drills 2125. The tops of the plurality of expanding and contracting blocks 2116 are fixedly connected with abutting blocks 2118. The outer walls of the plurality of abutting blocks 2118 are all slidably connected with the inner walls of the plurality of arc-shaped sliding grooves 2115 opened in the turntable 2114. The ice-breaking device main body 1 includes an ice-breaking device outer shell 11. Both sides of the outer wall of the ice-breaking device outer shell 11 are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the two side connecting plates 23. The middle of the inner wall of the ice-breaking device outer shell 11 is fixedly connected with a transmission pipe 12. The bottom of the inner wall of the transmission pipe 12 is fixedly connected with an electric push rod 13. The bottom end of the electric push rod 13 is fixedly connected with a drilling TV 14. The bottom of the outer wall of the transmission pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the turntable 2114.On both sides of the top inner wall of the ice-breaking device housing 11, L-shaped connecting rods 18 are fixedly connected. Inside both L-shaped connecting rods 18, slag collection barrels 16 are fixedly connected. On the outer sides of both slag collection barrels 16, fan control elements 17 are fixedly connected. At the top and bottom of both fan control elements 17, two slag suction pipes 19 are fixedly connected. The bottom ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes 19 at the bottom extend to both sides of the bottom of the connecting disk 21. The ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes 19 at the top, away from the fan control elements 17, extend to the tops of the two slag collection barrels 16. The top end of the transmission pipe 12 extends to the top outer wall of the ice-breaking device housing 11 and is fixedly connected to a circuit 15. A toothed disk 110 is fixedly connected to the outer ring at the top of the ice-breaking device housing 11. The power mechanism 3 includes a power mechanism main body 31. The bottom of the power mechanism main body 31 is movably connected to the top of the ice-breaking device housing 11. The bottom inner wall of the power mechanism main body 31 is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission pipe 12. On both sides of the top of the power mechanism main body 31, guide rods 32 are fixedly connected. In the middle of the top of the rear guide rod 32, a vertical plate 33 is fixedly connected. At the top front side of the vertical plate 33, a motor connecting plate 34 is fixedly connected. At the front and rear sides of the bottom of the motor connecting plate 34, chute rods 35 are fixedly connected. On the front side of the motor connecting plate 34, a motor 36 is fixedly connected. The output end of the motor 36 extends to the inside of the two chute rods 35 and is fixedly connected to a second gear 37. At the top inner wall of the power mechanism main body 31, an L-shaped gear motor connecting block 318 is fixedly connected. On one side of the L-shaped gear motor connecting block 318, a gear motor 319 is fixedly connected. The output end of the gear motor 319 is fixedly connected to a third gear 320. The outer wall of the third gear 320 meshes with the toothed disk 110 fixed to the outer ring at the top of the ice-breaking device housing 11. Inside the inner walls of the two chute rods 35, rack rods 38 are slidably connected. The inner sides of the two rack rods 38 mesh with the outer walls on both sides of the second gear 37. At the outer bottom of the two rack rods 38, expansion and contraction plates 39 are fixedly connected. The bottoms of the two expansion and contraction plates 39 are slidably connected to the left and right sides inside the two guide rods 32. On the outer sides of the two expansion and contraction plates 39, two push-pull rods 310 are fixedly connected. On the outer sides of the two groups of push-pull rods 310, moving control plates 311 are fixedly connected. At the top of the two moving control plates 311, second motors 312 are fixedly connected. At the top and bottom of the front side of the two moving control plates 311, columnar rotating rods 314 are rotatably connected. The rear ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods 314 extend to the inner walls of the moving control plates 311 and are rotatably connected to the rear sides of the inner walls of the moving control plates 311. On the outer wall of one side of the two groups of columnar rotating rods 314 extending to the inner walls of the moving control plates 311, moving tracks 316 are sleeved. The output ends of the two second motors 312 are fixedly connected to transmission disks 313. At the front ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods 314, second transmission disks 315 are fixedly connected. Transmission belts 317 are sleeved on the outer walls of the two groups of second transmission disks 315 and the two transmission disks 313;

[0040] Put the whole device into the blast hole, start the motor 36 in the power mechanism 3, the motor 36 drives the second gear 37 to rotate, the second gear 37 meshes with the two rack bars 38, thereby driving the two rack bars 38 to slide in the chute bar 35, the rack bar 38 drives the expansion and contraction plate 39 to slide inside the guide bar 32, the expansion and contraction plate 39 drives the mobile control plate 311 to move through the push-pull rod 310, and then adjusts the position of the mobile crawler 316 in the blast hole to closely adhere to the side wall of the blast hole. At the same time, the second motor 312 is started, and through the transmission of the transmission disc 313, the second transmission disc 315 and the transmission belt 317, the columnar rotating rod 314 is driven to rotate, and the columnar rotating rod 314 drives the mobile crawler 316 to rotate, so that the device can move stably in the blast hole;

[0041] When the device moves to the ice layer position in the blast hole, the electric push rod 13 is started to push the drilling TV 14 to move downward to monitor the ice layer in the blast hole in real time. When the drilling motor 14 detects the ice layer, at this time, the main body 31 of the power mechanism is started to control the transmission pipe 12 to rotate. The transmission pipe 12 rotates to drive the turntable 2114 to rotate. The turntable 2114 drives the expansion and contraction block 2116 to slide in the guide groove 2112 through the abutting block 2118. The expansion and contraction block 2116 drives the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 to perform an expansion and contraction movement with the Z-shaped cross plate 2124 and the third ice-breaking drill 2125. At the same time, the ice-breaking drill 2117, the third ice-breaking drill 2125 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 break the ice layer. The movement of the connecting block 2120 of the second serrated ice-removing ring drives the rack plate 2123 to move, the rack plate 2123 drives the gear 26 to rotate, the gear 26 drives the ice-removing ring connecting rod 27 and the serrated ice-removing ring 28 to rotate and approach the side wall of the blast hole to further break the ice layer on the side wall. The broken ice falls into the connecting disc 21. At this time, the fan control element 17 is started, and the broken ice is sucked into the slag collection bucket 16 through the slag suction pipe 19 to complete the ice-removing operation;

[0042] When the device needs to adjust its position, the power mechanism 3 controls the reverse rotation of the transmission pipe 12, causing the turntable 2114 to rotate in reverse, thereby adjusting the positions of the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122. At the same time, by the rotation of the moving crawler 316, the device moves within the blast hole until it is adjusted to the appropriate position. Repeat the above steps until the ice-removing operation of the entire blast hole is completed. Additionally, when expanding outward, at this time, the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 are engaged with the rack plate 2123 and the gear 26 so that the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 do not fit against the side wall. At this time, the side wall is broken by the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 outside the multiple second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120. When contracting inward, the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 are engaged by the gear 26 and the rack plate 2123, tightly fitting against the inner wall of the blast hole, further enhancing the ice-breaking effect. At the same time, when it is necessary to rotate the entire ice-breaking assembly 211 for ice-breaking, at this time, the gear motor 319 is started. The gear motor 319 drives the third gear 320 to rotate. The third gear 320 meshes with the tooth disc 110, thereby driving the entire ice-breaking device housing 11 to rotate. The rotation of the ice-breaking device housing 11 drives the components such as the internal transmission pipe 12 and the ice-breaking mechanism 2 to rotate together, and then the ice-breaking drill 2117, the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122, and the serrated ice-removing ring 28 perform all-round ice-breaking operations in the blast hole, improving the ice-removing efficiency and effect;

[0043] In addition, the ice remover also has an adaptive adjustment function. When encountering blast holes of different diameters, by controlling the sliding of the expansion and contraction plate 39 inside the guide rod 32 by the power mechanism 3 and the rotation of the moving crawler 316, the diameter of the ice remover can be automatically adjusted to make it fit tightly against the inner wall of the blast hole, ensuring the ice-removing effect. At the same time, by adjusting the rotation speed and direction of the transmission pipe 12, the expansion and contraction movements of the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 can be controlled to adapt to ice layers of different thicknesses and hardnesses, improving the ice-removing efficiency;

[0044] In summary, the adaptive ice remover and ice removal method for blast holes in open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions provided by the present invention achieve rapid, efficient, and adaptive crushing and cleaning of the ice layer in the blast hole through ingenious mechanical design and power transmission methods, greatly improving the mining efficiency and safety of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions.

[0045] In addition, the present invention also relates to an adaptive ice remover and ice removal method for blast holes in open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions, including the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Assemble the device and place it into the blast hole to be de-iced, ensuring that all components are firmly connected and the motor 36 and the power mechanism main body 31 are in good working condition;

[0047] Step 2: Start the motor 36 and the main body 31 of the power mechanism. Control the movement of the device and the movement of the de-icing component through the power mechanism 3. Automatically adjust the diameter of the de-icer and the expansion and contraction movement of the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated de-icing ring 2122 according to the diameter of the blast hole and the thickness of the ice layer, ensure that the de-icer fits tightly against the inner wall of the blast hole, and effectively break the ice layer. When the device moves to the ice layer position in the blast hole, the electric push rod 13 starts, pushes the borehole camera 14 downward, and monitors the ice layer in the blast hole in real time. When the borehole camera 14 detects the ice layer, the main body 31 of the power mechanism starts;

[0048] Step 3: During the de-icing process, push the borehole camera 14 through the electric push rod 13 to monitor the ice layer in the blast hole in real time, observe the de-icing effect, and adjust the de-icing strategy as needed;

[0049] Step 4: When the de-icing operation is completed, the slag suction pipe (19) starts, uses negative pressure suction to suck the broken ice and debris in the blast hole into the collection device, ensures that the inside of the blast hole is clean without residue, and controls the transmission pipe 12 to reverse through the power mechanism 3, adjusts the positions of the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated de-icing ring 2122, makes the device return to the initial state, and then takes out the device to complete the entire de-icing process;

[0050] Step 5: As needed, the above steps can be repeated to perform de-icing operations on multiple blast holes to improve the mining efficiency and safety of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions.

[0051] Working principle of the present invention: The whole device is placed into the blast hole, and the motor 36 in the power mechanism 3 is started. The motor 36 drives the second gear 37 to rotate. The second gear 37 meshes with the two rack bars 38, thereby driving the two rack bars 38 to slide within the chute bar 35. The rack bars 38 drive the expansion and contraction plate 39 to slide inside the guide bar 32. The expansion and contraction plate 39 drives the movable control plate 311 to move through the push-pull rod 310, and further adjusts the position of the movable crawler 316 in the blast hole to closely adhere to the side wall inside the blast hole. At the same time, the second motor 312 is started, and through the transmission of the transmission disk 313, the second transmission disk 315 and the transmission belt 317, the columnar rotating rod 314 is driven to rotate. The columnar rotating rod 314 drives the movable crawler 316 to rotate, enabling the device to move stably within the blast hole. When the device moves to the ice layer position in the blast hole, the electric push rod 13 is started to push the borehole TV 14 downward to monitor the ice layer in the blast hole in real time. When the borehole motor 14 detects the ice layer, at this time, the main body of the power mechanism 31 is started to control the transmission pipe 12 to rotate. The transmission pipe 12 rotates and further drives the turntable 2114 to rotate. The turntable 2114 drives the expansion and contraction block 2116 to slide within the guide groove 2112 through the abutting block 2118. The expansion and contraction block 2116 drives the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 to perform expansion and contraction movements with the Z-shaped cross plate 2124 and the third ice-breaking drill 2125. At the same time, the ice-breaking drill 2117, the third ice-breaking drill 2125 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 break the ice layer. The movement of the second serrated ice-removing ring connecting block 2120 drives the rack plate 2123 to move. The rack plate 2123 drives the gear 26 to rotate. The gear 26 drives the ice-removing ring connecting rod 27 and the serrated ice-removing ring 28 to rotate and approach the side wall of the blast hole to further break the ice layer on the side wall. The broken ice falls into the connecting disk 21. At this time, the fan control element 17 is started, and the broken ice is sucked into the slag collection bucket 16 through the slag suction pipe 19 to complete the ice-removing operation. When the device needs to adjust its position, the transmission pipe 12 is controlled by the power mechanism 3 to reverse, causing the turntable 2114 to reverse, and further adjusting the positions of the ice-breaking drill 2117 and the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122. At the same time, through the rotation of the movable crawler 316, the device moves within the blast hole until it is adjusted to the appropriate position. Repeat the above steps until the ice-removing operation of the entire blast hole is completed. In addition, when expanding outward, at this time, the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 are meshed with the rack plate 2123 and the gear 26, so that the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 do not fit the side wall. At this time, the side wall is broken by the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 outside the multiple second serrated ice-removing ring connecting blocks 2120. When contracting inward, the multiple serrated ice-removing rings 28 are meshed with the gear 26 and the rack plate 2123, closely adhering to the inner wall of the blast hole to further enhance the ice-breaking effect. At the same time, when it is necessary to rotate the ice-breaking assembly 211 as a whole for ice-breaking, at this time, the gear motor 319 is started. The gear motor 319 drives the third gear 320 to rotate. The third gear 320 meshes with the tooth disk 110, thereby driving the entire ice-breaking device housing 11 to rotate.The rotation of the outer shell 11 of the ice-breaking device drives components such as the internal transmission pipe 12 and the ice-breaking mechanism 2 to rotate together, so that the ice-breaking drill 2117, the second serrated ice-removing ring 2122 and the serrated ice-removing ring 28 perform all-round ice-breaking operations in the blast hole.

[0052] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions, characterized by: It comprises an ice-breaking device body (1), the bottom of the ice-breaking device body (1) is fixedly connected to an ice-breaking mechanism (2), and the top of the ice-breaking device body (1) is fixedly connected to a power mechanism (3); The ice-breaking mechanism (2) comprises a connecting disk (21), the outer wall of the connecting disk (21) is provided with connecting disk through grooves (22) in an annular array, the left and right sides of the connecting disk (21) are both fixedly connected to side connecting plates (23), and the top of the inner wall of the connecting disk (21) is fixedly connected to a circular connecting sleeve (24).

2. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inner wall of the circular connecting sleeve (24) is fixedly connected to a gear connecting block (25) in an annular array, the inner walls of the plurality of gear connecting blocks (25) are rotatably connected to a gear (26) on one side close to each other, the outer walls of the plurality of gears (26) are fixedly connected to a deicing ring connecting rod (27), the tops of the plurality of deicing ring connecting rods (27) are fixedly connected to a serrated deicing ring (28), the bottom of the circular connecting sleeve (24) is fixedly connected to a connecting vertical rod (29), the bottoms of the plurality of connecting vertical rods (29) are fixedly connected to a bottom connecting sleeve (210), and the inner wall of the bottom connecting sleeve (210) is fixedly connected to an ice-breaking assembly (211).

3. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 2 is characterized by: The ice breaking assembly (211) comprises a retractable and expandable connecting disk (2111), the inner wall bottom annular array of the retractable and expandable connecting disk (2111) is provided with a guide groove (2112) penetrating to the bottom, the outer wall annular array of the retractable and expandable connecting disk (2111) is provided with a through hole (2113) penetrating to the inner wall, the top of the retractable and expandable connecting disk (2111) is rotatably connected to a rotating disk (2114), and the top annular array of the rotating disk (2114) is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove (2115).

4. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 3 is characterized by: The inner walls of the plurality of guide grooves (2112) are slidably connected to expansion blocks (2116), the bottoms of the plurality of expansion blocks (2116) are fixedly connected to icebreaker drills (2117), the bottoms of the plurality of icebreaker drills (2117) extend to the outer wall of the expansion connection disk (2111), the outer sides of the plurality of expansion blocks (2116) are fixedly connected to expansion rods (2119), the outer ends of the plurality of expansion rods (2119) extend to the outer wall of the expansion connection disk (2111) through a plurality of through holes (2113) provided in the expansion connection disk (2111) and are fixedly connected to the second serrated de-icing ring connection block (2120).

5. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottoms of the plurality of second serrated de-icing ring connection blocks (2120) are fixedly connected with a second ice-breaking drill (2121), the outer sides of the plurality of second serrated de-icing ring connection blocks (2120) are fixedly connected with a second serrated de-icing ring (2122), the tops of the plurality of second serrated de-icing ring connection blocks (2120) are fixedly connected with a rack plate (2123), the tops of the plurality of rack plates (2123) are meshed with the outer walls of the plurality of gears (26), the inner sides of the plurality of second serrated de-icing ring connection blocks (2120) are fixedly connected with a Z-shaped cross plate (2124) on one side of the bottom of the expansion rod (2119), and the bottoms of the plurality of Z-shaped cross plates (2124) are fixedly connected with a third ice-breaking drill (2125).

6. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tops of the plurality of expansion blocks (2116) are fixedly connected with a stop block (2118), and the outer walls of the plurality of stop blocks (2118) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the plurality of arc-shaped sliding grooves (2115) provided on the rotating disk (2114).

7. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ice-breaking device body (1) comprises an ice-breaking device housing (11), both sides of the outer wall of the ice-breaking device housing (11) are fixedly connected to the inner sides of two side connecting plates (23), a transmission pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the ice-breaking device housing (11), an electric push rod (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the transmission pipe (12), a drilling television (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the electric push rod (13), the outer wall bottom of the transmission pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the turntable (2114), both sides of the top of the inner wall of the ice-breaking device housing (11) are fixedly connected to L-shaped connecting rods (18), and the inner sides of the two L-shaped connecting rods (18) are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the two L-shaped connecting rods (18). A slag collecting bucket (16) is fixedly connected, and the outer sides of the two slag collecting buckets (16) are fixedly connected to a fan control element (17), and the tops and bottoms of the two fan control elements (17) are fixedly connected to two slag suction pipes (19), and the bottom ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes (19) at the bottom extend to both sides of the bottom of the connecting plate (21), and the ends of the two groups of slag suction pipes (19) at the top that are away from the fan control element (17) extend to the tops of the two slag collecting buckets (16), and the top end of the transmission pipe (12) extends to the top of the outer wall of the ice-breaking device shell (11) and is fixedly connected to a line (15), and the top outer ring of the ice-breaking device shell (11) is fixedly connected to a toothed disc (110).

8. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The power mechanism (3) comprises a power mechanism body (31), the bottom of the power mechanism body (31) is movably connected to the top of the ice breaking device housing (11), the bottom inner wall of the power mechanism body (31) is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission pipe (12), both sides of the top of the power mechanism body (31) are fixedly connected to guide rods (32), the middle of the top of the rear guide rod (32) is fixedly connected to a vertical plate (33), the front top of the vertical plate (33) is fixedly connected to a motor connecting plate (34), the front and rear sides of the bottom of the motor connecting plate (34) are fixedly connected to a slide rod (35), and the A motor (36) is fixedly connected to the front side of the motor connecting plate (34), the output end of the motor (36) extends to the inner side of the two slide slot rods (35) and is fixedly connected to the second gear (37), the top of the inner wall of the power mechanism body (31) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped gear motor connecting block (318), one side of the L-shaped gear motor connecting block (318) is fixedly connected to a gear motor (319), the output end of the gear motor (319) is fixedly connected to a third gear (320), and the outer wall of the third gear (320) is meshed with a toothed disc (110) fixed to the outer ring at the top of the ice breaking device housing (11).

9. The blasthole adaptive deicer for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner walls of the two slide rods (35) are slidably connected with rack rods (38), the inner sides of the two rack rods (38) are meshed with the outer walls of the second gear (37) on both sides, the outer bottoms of the two rack rods (38) are fixedly connected with expansion plates (39), the bottoms of the two expansion plates (39) are slidably connected to the left and right sides of the inner sides of the two guide rods (32), the outer sides of the two expansion plates (39) are fixedly connected with two push-pull rods (310), the outer sides of the two groups of push-pull rods (310) are fixedly connected with a moving control plate (311), the tops of the two moving control plates (311) are fixedly connected with a second motor (312), and the two moving control plates (311) are fixedly connected with the second motor (312). 11) The top and bottom of the front side are both rotatably connected to a columnar rotating rod (314), the rear ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods (314) extend to the inner wall of the movable control plate (311) and are both rotatably connected to the rear side of the inner wall of the movable control plate (311), the outer wall of one side of the two groups of columnar rotating rods (314) extending to the inner wall of the movable control plate (311) is covered with a movable crawler (316), the output ends of the two second motors (312) are fixedly connected to a transmission disk (313), the front ends of the two groups of columnar rotating rods (314) are fixedly connected to a second transmission disk (315), and the outer walls of the two groups of the second transmission disks (315) and the two transmission disks (313) are covered with a transmission belt (317).

10. The blasthole adaptive deicer and deicing method for open-pit mines in high altitude cold regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 1: Assemble the device in the above manner and place it in the blasthole to be de-iced, ensuring that all parts are firmly connected and the motor (36) and the power mechanism body (31) are in good working condition; Step 2: Start the motor (36) and the power mechanism body (31), control the movement of the device and the movement of the de-icing parts through the power mechanism (3), and automatically adjust the diameter of the de-icer and the contraction and expansion movement of the icebreaker (2117) and the second serrated de-icing ring (2122) according to the diameter of the blasthole and the thickness of the ice layer, so as to ensure that the de-icer fits tightly against the inner wall of the blasthole and effectively breaks the ice layer. When the device moves to the position of the ice layer in the blasthole, the electric push rod (13) is started, pushing the drilling television (14) to move downward, and real-time monitoring of the ice layer in the blasthole is performed. When the drilling motor (14) finds the ice layer, the power mechanism body (31) is started; Step 3: During the deicing process, the electric push rod (13) is used to push the drilling television (14) to monitor the ice layer in the blasthole in real time, observe the deicing effect, and adjust the deicing strategy as needed; Step 4: When the de-icing operation is completed, the slag suction pipe (19) is started, and the crushed ice and debris in the blasthole are sucked into the collection device by means of negative pressure suction, so as to ensure that the inside of the blasthole is clean and free of residues, and the transmission pipe (12) is controlled to reverse by the power mechanism (3), and the positions of the ice-breaking drill (2117) and the second serrated de-icing ring (2122) are adjusted to restore the device to the initial state, and then the device is taken out to complete the entire de-icing process; Step 5: If necessary, the above steps can be repeated to de-ice multiple blastholes to improve the mining efficiency and safety of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold areas.

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