Graded operation control method for solar power generation system

Abstract

According to the hierarchical solar system operation control method, a photovoltaic power generation system and a high-power multi-path output circuit are classified, priority levels are divided to stabilize the whole system, power and voltage fluctuate in a range, but the voltage is limited in an available range, and the system can be independently used in cooperation with a photovoltaic panel and can also be used in cooperation with commercial power. The output power can reach more than 90%, the power supply is stable for a long time, and batteries can be selected and can be used at night.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A hierarchical operation control method for a solar power generation system. The present invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system, a photovoltaic controller and a method for controlling load power of photovoltaic power generation multi-channel outputs. Background Art

[0002] Existing solar photovoltaic controllers such as pwm controllers, mppt controllers and other controllers generally cannot operate without batteries, or have low efficiency when operated without batteries, and cannot directly adapt to household appliance loads, etc. They require multiple products to work together to be used at home, and cannot be used alone or are not easy to use alone.

[0003] Off-grid energy storage power generation or off-grid power generation is suitable for RVs or when there is no mains electricity, but not for home, household and rooftop photovoltaics. Because there are no dedicated photovoltaic energy storage batteries, the energy storage cost is higher than the electricity price, and the maintenance cost is high. It is not suitable for ordinary household, household and rooftop photovoltaics and other daily electricity needs. Photovoltaic energy storage batteries, lithium iron phosphate is currently the most cost-effective, while lithium titanate is not suitable for photovoltaic energy storage because of the high price of titanium alloy and low energy density. The newly developed supercapacitors and various photovoltaic special batteries have all died, and lithium iron phosphate is the main power source for new energy vehicles. It is rarely used in the photovoltaic energy storage industry, and it is not something that ordinary families can simply assemble and use. The threshold is relatively high.

[0004] The photovoltaic energy storage route may exist without suitable energy storage batteries or products, and it is even more difficult at the household level. The energy storage route may not be feasible, and other methods must be found to meet the needs of the market. New methods and new routes are needed.

[0005] Photovoltaic power generation is affected by the weather, which is uncontrollable. The power generation capacity is also affected by the weather and can be considered uncontrollable. It is an unstable power source and will cause various problems during use.

[0006] Flyback switching power supply and high-frequency transformer. Flyback switching power supply belongs to switching power supply, which is a commonly used power supply now. It is commonly found in home appliances such as TV, computer, air conditioner and washing machine, as well as mobile phone charger, electric car charger and new energy slow charger. The flyback switching power supply or switching power supply is essentially a DC to DC step-up and step-down, which is DC to DC instead of AC to DC. It just has an additional rectifier bridge, and the switching power supply uses a high-frequency transformer, while the industrial frequency transformer basically does not exist in home appliances. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of high-efficiency use of household roof photovoltaic systems in existing household or commercial roof photovoltaic systems, solve the problem of operating at a higher efficiency after being separated from the energy storage system, reduce the construction cost after being separated from the battery, and at the same time improve the utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation as much as possible and reduce the occurrence of abandoned electricity.

[0008] The hierarchical solar system control method is a roof photovoltaic system, belonging to a household photovoltaic system. By dividing multiple output circuits into priority levels, each circuit adopts different opening and closing voltages. When necessary, the circuit is opened or closed to limit the load power, and the power of each circuit is adjusted at all times. Without connecting to the battery and in cooperation with the commercial power, the output power can reach more than 95% of the solar photovoltaic power generation power and remain relatively stable for a long time.

[0009] The present invention overcomes the dependence of the solar system on the battery, while the efficiency is increased to near the theoretical maximum value, and the instability of the photovoltaic power generation power is reduced to a local area. The local output terminal with a high priority obtains a stable power output, reducing the influence of the instability, so as to obtain a certain stability as a whole.

[0010] The solar photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention is applicable to household or residential use. Household photovoltaic is mainly applicable to household appliances and enterprise electricity consumption, etc. The solar photovoltaic power generation system adopts a priority circuit to limit and control the output power, and the power of the electrical load with a lower priority is limited in real time, so as to ensure the stability of the electrical circuit with a higher priority.

[0011] System voltage selection

[0012] The upper limit voltage required for household 220v alternating current is 232v. Generally, the voltage of most families is 230v - 220v. Taking 230v alternating current as an example, after rectification, it is approximately equal to 325v direct current.

[0013] However, the solar power generation system itself is affected by the instability of the weather. It must have its own stability ability and also seek external assistance to reduce the instability brought by the weather to the lowest level. Therefore, the power generation system needs to be used in cooperation with the commercial power. To improve the stability, a reasonable voltage value needs to be set so that it can be used well.

[0014] Generally, the conduction switch voltage of the t1 level is preferably the rectified voltage of the commercial power plus 5 - 9v. On the basis of t1, t2 increases by about 3 - 7v, and the abandoned electricity increases by about 4 - 9v on the basis of the value of t2. In this way, the entire photovoltaic system fluctuates within a voltage range and will not exceed this set range.

[0015] The lowest fluctuating voltage is the effective voltage after rectifying the household mains power. Generally, the voltage after rectifying the 230v household power is 325v. The highest voltage is the cut-off voltage, and generally the cut-off voltage is around 340, which is equivalent to the power of 240v alternating current, about 8v higher than the standard highest voltage of 232v.

[0016] Regarding the voltage selection of the photovoltaic panel group, generally speaking, it should be higher than or equal to the user's usual operating voltage, and it should go higher rather than lower. It is better for the photovoltaic panel group to be not less than 330v, and it is better for the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel group to be not less than 330v, and the closer it is to around 340, the better.

[0017] Relationship between power generation power, power consumption power and voltage

[0018] The power generation power of the photovoltaic system mainly depends on the photovoltaic panel group. When the power generation power is greater than the power consumption power, the voltage will continue to rise. Similarly, if the load power is greater than the power generation power, the voltage will continue to drop. The voltage value can reflect the result of the game between the power generation power and the power consumption power. Directly detecting the voltage is to detect the game between the power generation power and the power consumption power. Controlling the voltage within a certain range is equivalent to stabilizing the power generation power and the power consumption power within a certain range.

[0019] Output terminal priority classification

[0020] The control method of the solar step-down controller classifies the output circuit by priority. The classification from high to low levels is: T0, T1, T2,....... and the cut-off circuit.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2, the load circuit on the left is at the t0 level and can basically be considered to be connected to the photovoltaic group, while the other three groups of loads on the right are at t0, t1, and t2.

[0022] The high priority can be called the T0 level, the medium priority is called T1, and the low priority is called T2. Enterprises or commercial users may have t3, t4, etc.

[0023] The output terminal priority classification is very important for the control method of the hierarchical solar system. To ensure the stability of the entire circuit, theoretically, the more levels there are, the easier it is to control the output terminal and the easier it is to ensure the stability of the entire circuit. However, in practice, there may be no classification for a single circuit, two levels for a dual circuit or three levels for a triple circuit, and the situation of 4 - 10 levels is relatively rare and rarely appears in household applications.

[0024] The priority load of household appliances is set by the user himself. Since each user has different habits, the final settings vary greatly. However, generally, electrical appliances can be installed. Computers, air conditioners, refrigerators, and washing machines are considered high-priority. Electric rice cookers, electric fans, ventilation equipment, backup battery charging, freezers, mosquito repellent facilities, and fish tank water pumps are considered medium-priority. Storage water heaters, solar hydrogen production, etc. are considered low-priority.

[0025] In daily use, if there are too many high-priority loads, the low-priority loads will be restricted first, and then the medium-priority loads will be restricted. When necessary, the mains power will be connected to maintain stability. High-priority loads directly affect the user's experience of using household appliances. Generally, every effort is made to ensure their stability. The medium-priority is second only to the high-priority and stronger than the low-priority.

[0026] The importance of t2-priority electricity

[0027] Low-priority electricity is also called t2-level electricity, which is the core of the high-efficiency control method of the solar boost converter. Among them, the storage water heater uses the characteristic of the high specific heat capacity of water to store the excess electricity generated during the day in the water. As long as there is enough water, a lot of heat can be stored for heating or evening heating. A water tank with a length, width, and height of 1 meter can store 1 ton of water, and it takes 116 degrees of electricity to heat 1 ton of water from 0 degrees to 100 degrees. Multiple small 500-liter water tanks can be placed in multiple rooms in the home. Each water tank can be simply modified by adding a heating rod to become a storage water heater. When there is no one at home during the day, it can be covered with a thick cloth. When you get off work or someone is at home, remove the cloth cover. Since the water tank is relatively large, it will continue to dissipate heat, maintaining the heating effect inside the house in winter.

[0028] Solar hydrogen production and solar methanol production are a current research technical direction and also a future trend of low-carbon environmental protection. They are also a future direction of the high-efficiency control method of the solar boost converter. Actively increasing high-power products that can use t2-level electricity is the core path to ensuring the high efficiency of the hierarchical solar system control method. Enriching t2-level electrical appliances is the key to affecting the high efficiency of the hierarchical solar system.

[0029] Transform various household appliances, such as living room air conditioners and other electrical appliances. Through the transformed appliances, t2-level electricity can be directly used. By adding physical means such as batteries or capacitors inside the appliances and then modifying the software or control method, many appliances that cannot use t2-level electricity can be made to use secondary electricity, while also retaining the ability to use normal electricity. In this way, the utilization of t2-level electricity can also be indirectly improved. For example, in summer, when there are no guests in the living room, the air conditioner can still have a certain working ability, which can increase the application of t2-level electricity, reduce power waste, and improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0030] There are relatively few electrical appliances that can be adapted to the T2 level electricity for now. However, this is a chicken-and-egg problem. It is necessary to first develop a usable household photovoltaic product before it is possible to produce products that can be adapted to this household photovoltaic product. Currently, the storage water heater is a way to implement the hierarchical solar system control method. Only under full load, saturation, and overload conditions can the hierarchical solar system control method have relatively high efficiency, and at the same time, without the assistance of a battery, it is a method to achieve high-efficiency operation without a battery. Or rather, photovoltaic power generation and batteries are not originally integrated and are two unrelated things. In reality, most of the costs of many photovoltaic systems are batteries, resulting in too high operation and maintenance costs of the photovoltaic system, and the income output is less than the input, leading to the unattended off-grid photovoltaic systems.

[0031] Priority switch low-frequency operating range In actual work, the conduction of the priority can be either high-frequency or low-frequency, and there are differences in the switch frequencies of different priorities. Among them, the operating switch frequency of T1 is preferably within 30 - 300 hertz per second, and that of T2 is preferably within 15 - 220 hertz per second, and the power rejection circuit is preferably within 5 - 150 hertz per second, which is comprehensively considered in view of heat dissipation, the characteristics of IGBT and other switching devices.

[0032] Core power component.

[0033] There is no core power component at the T0 level. Each of the other hierarchical levels is equivalent to having 1 core power component, and the power rejection circuit is the same as other low-level circuits.

[0034] The core power component is composed of switching components, capacitors, inductors, and filtering devices. Among them, the switching components generally include power transistors, high-frequency switches, thyristors, and high-frequency relays, etc.

[0035] By controlling the gate through the drive circuit to turn on or off the circuit, it can directly do work or indirectly do work through other accessories, thereby affecting the proportion of power generation and power consumption, adjusting the power consumption of the entire system, and affecting the stability of the entire system. Generally, it is uniformly controlled.

[0036] The direct current at the T0 level directly drives household AC appliances.

[0037] Household appliances now generally use switch-mode power supplies and high-frequency transformers, which are essentially compatible with direct current. The switch-mode power supply natively supports direct current. And for electric lights, electric fans, electric drills, etc., there is also no situation where they do not support direct current. They generally support direct current. At the same time, problems such as high cost and high failure rate of inverting alternating current make it inconvenient to use. Considering the overall cost, even in case of individual accidents, direct current can be forcibly used directly to drive household appliances.

[0038] Set the maximum power point statically.

[0039] Set the maximum maximum power point of the photovoltaic glass statically, so that the photovoltaic glass can transmit as much power as possible to the photovoltaic host system. Static setting is in contrast to the mppt dynamic maximum power point tracking. Mppt uses algorithms, combining software and hardware to track the maximum power point of solar photovoltaics in real time, which is a dynamic tracking technology.

[0040] Setting the maximum maximum power point of the photovoltaic glass statically means setting the maximum power point of the photovoltaic glass as a static point, a dynamic average value. When the fluctuation is relatively small, it is almost static. As shown in the power chart of the Jinko black-edge photovoltaic small panel instruction manual in Figure 3, it shows that when the light intensity reaches 1000w / square - 200w / square, or even 0w / square, there are voltage and current, and it can be clearly seen the changes in power, voltage, and current under different lighting or weather conditions.

[0041] As can be seen from the figure, when the light intensity is 1000 and 200, the voltage changes, but the change range is within 1 - 2v, and the change is not too large, but it is not completely static either.

[0042] Set the maximum maximum power point of the photovoltaic glass statically, using the average value under the average sunshine intensity, connecting multiple photovoltaic glasses of the same model in series, with multiple in series as a group. And the voltage value of a group at the maximum power point is 330 - 340 or more, preferably 340v. In practice, it should not be lower than 330v. If the power of a group is insufficient, 2 groups or multiple groups can be used. In this way, when each group cooperates with the photovoltaic host, it can transfer the power at the maximum power point voltage to the host. As shown in the Jinko small panel photovoltaic glass in Figure 3, theoretically, one group should be 11 pieces, and the estimated maximum power point voltage is about 360v, which is 20v higher than 340v.

[0043] Advantages of the method for statically setting the maximum power point of the photovoltaic glass: zero cost, small power loss, strong stability and maintainability, 40 - 50% higher efficiency than traditional pwm solar controllers, and a greater cost advantage than mppt solar controller dynamic tracking.

[0044] Working principle of the photovoltaic system

[0045] When the power generation is higher than the power consumption, the voltage provided by the photovoltaic panel group will increase, resulting in an increase in the voltage of the entire power generation system. The turn-on voltage values of the core power components at different levels are different, generally between 320 - 345V. The turn-on voltage thresholds of t1, t2, and power curtailment are gradually increasing. The increase in voltage will be blocked layer by layer by the levels and generally reach an equilibrium point. On the contrary, when the power consumption is higher than the power generation, the voltage provided by the photovoltaic panel group will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the voltage of the entire power generation system. At this time, the levels will be closed layer by layer to reduce the power consumption and quickly achieve balance and stability between power generation and power consumption. Eventually, when necessary, the 220V mains power will intervene to prevent the voltage from further decreasing, and the voltage, power consumption, and stability of the photovoltaic system can be guaranteed.

[0046] As shown in Figure 2, when the power generation of the photovoltaic panel group is greater than the load t0 on the left, the voltage will continue to increase, and Figure 2 In the medium power comparison group, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel group is divided by resistance and capacitance. The power comparison group compares the system voltage in real time. By comparing with the fixed voltage of the power supply, the system processing will obtain some references according to the comparison results. When certain conditions are met, the load circuits of t1 or t2 will be turned on or off.

[0047] When there is no load or a light load.

[0048] When the user's electricity consumption is small and the power generation has no other uses, and there is no possibility of being reused, power curtailment is a forced choice. Photovoltaic power generation is affected by weather, and the power generation power changes in real time. When the load power is less than the full load power, when the load power becomes smaller, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel group will gradually increase. At this time, t1 and t2 will reach the conduction conditions successively. During this process, if there are loads behind both the t1 and t2 circuits, the loads will be turned on and the electricity consumption will increase simultaneously until the power generation and power consumption reach balance. If the balance still cannot be achieved at this time and the power generation is still greater than the power consumption, the voltage will continue to increase until the power curtailment threshold is reached.

[0049] Power curtailment circuit.

[0050] The power curtailment circuit is the same as the t1 and t2 circuits, but it is the last level of the system. When the power generation is large and the electricity cannot be used up, eventually all loads will reach this threshold. When all loads cannot consume all the electricity, it is a necessary choice to discard the excess electricity. Otherwise, the voltage will continue to increase until it reaches the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel group, and the household appliances of the load may be burned out. Therefore, power curtailment must be carried out. After the power curtailment circuit is turned on, the power curtailment load is set in advance and has a relatively large power, which can completely consume all the excess electric energy.

[0051] Start discharging electricity. Discharging electricity is to specifically set a load with a specified power, which can consume a lot of excess electricity and stabilize the voltage near the discharging conduction voltage, preventing it from rising further.

[0052] During full load, saturation, and overload.

[0053] Full load, saturation, and overload are an extreme case, but they are also necessary conditions for the theoretical limit efficiency. Otherwise, the theoretical limit efficiency cannot be achieved. It is necessary to actively create such working conditions to make the solar photovoltaic panel work at full load as much as possible, reduce electricity discharge, and reduce the occurrence of wasted electricity. Full load, saturation, and overload refer to the entire power generation system. Generally, it refers to the full load and saturation of the photovoltaic panel. Overload means that even if the photovoltaic power generation reaches the theoretical maximum value, it still cannot meet the requirements of the load. At this time, it is regarded as overload. The total power of the load electrical appliances exceeds the photovoltaic input power, that is, the super-power mode. Even if the photovoltaic panel works at 100%, it still cannot meet the load demand. At this time, the solar photovoltaic power generation glass can work continuously close to 100%. In such a case, the economic benefit can reach the maximum value without using a battery to improve the efficiency. The efficiency is completely determined by the load. The solar hierarchical power generation system has multiple outputs. When there are too many loads, they are connected to the load through multiple outputs. The outputs are graded according to the priority. The output power with a higher priority is stable, and the output with a lower priority can also meet some demands. In this case, the control method of the solar buck-boost controller can continuously approach the theoretical limit power output, realizing the maximum efficiency of power generation and electricity consumption in the photovoltaic system. Since there is no need for a battery, the cost is also relatively reasonable.

[0054] The power generation of the photovoltaic system is unstable due to weather influence, and the user's electricity consumption is also unstable. Sometimes the electricity consumption is high, and sometimes there is no one using electricity. After the peak electricity consumption period of the user passes, during the low electricity consumption period, the loads with medium and low priorities can also use electricity to work. In this way, whether it is the peak or low period, it is working at full load. In the short term, it may not be able to meet the electricity consumption requirements of the low-priority loads, but in the long run, it can meet some electricity consumption requirements of the low-priority loads and all the requirements of the high-priority output terminal loads. In this way, the instability of the solar photovoltaic panel power generation and the instability of the user's electricity consumption are both restricted, making the influence of instability smaller, and making some relatively important electrical appliances still very stable. In this way, the solar photovoltaic system can work continuously at full load, saturation, and overload while meeting the basic requirements of users, enabling the solar photovoltaic system to work continuously at the full load limit close to the power generation efficiency of the solar panel, achieving the maximum efficiency and benefit.

[0055] Full load and saturation are a situation where the total power consumption of the three-terminal circuit of t0 + t1 + t2 is exactly the same as the power generation. At this time, all three-terminal circuits are 100% conducting, and the three-terminal load operates at 100% power.

[0056] When the load continues to increase or power generation decreases, and the system moves from full load to overload, the photovoltaic system will first limit the output power of the lowest-priority t2 circuit and adjust the PWM duty cycle of this circuit. At this time, the load power of t2 decreases, while t1 and t0 remain at full load, and the system remains stable with an output efficiency of still 100%.

[0057] When the load continues to increase or power generation decreases, the power limit of t2 will be increased until this circuit is turned off. If necessary, the power of t1 can also be limited. If the voltage continues to drop, t1 may eventually be turned off. When it comes to the t0 level, the power of t0 will not be limited. At the same time, when power generation is insufficient, 220V mains electricity will be introduced and rectified to supplement the t0 circuit, so that the electrical equipment on the t0 line can operate stably. At this time, 100% of the photovoltaic power generation is preferentially used up, and a small amount of mains electricity is supplemented to the circuit.

[0058] After dark.

[0059] When the generated electricity drops to 0, there is still a load on the t0 circuit. At this time, the photovoltaic panel group basically stops working, and all power consumption is supplemented to the t0 circuit by 220V mains electricity through the built-in rectification device, finally achieving a smooth handover from day to night. At night, the power used is mains electricity, and a battery can also be connected if necessary.

[0060] After dawn in the morning, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation group first drives the load on t0. If the power generation is greater than the power consumption, the voltage will further increase to achieve a smooth transition from night to day.

[0061] Photovoltaic panel group.

[0062] The photovoltaic panel group includes: photovoltaic panels, anti-backflow diode modules, overcurrent protectors, wires, etc. The current in the photovoltaic panel group can flow to the t0 circuit, but the electricity in the t0 circuit cannot flow back into the photovoltaic panel group. Description of the Drawings

[0064] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a household hierarchical solar system.

[0065] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the mutual relationship of a household hierarchical solar host.

[0066] Figure 3 shows a partial schematic diagram of the rated power of the Jinko black-edge small panel 430w.

[0067] Figure 4 shows a partial power schematic diagram of the Trina Solar photovoltaic glass instruction manual.

[0068] Figure 5 shows an internal schematic diagram of the host of the hierarchical solar system.

[0069] Reference numerals: gfdy, power supply for the photovoltaic panel group; dy, power supply; bjq, voltage comparator; ac, 220V mains power; zlq, rectifier bridge; xp, control drive device; qd, waste electricity circuit; q1, power component 1; q2, power component 2; q3, power component 3; t0, t0-level output circuit; t1, t1-level output circuit; t2, t2-level output circuit. Detailed implementation manners

[0071] The rooftop photovoltaic of the hierarchical solar system is generally installed on the top of a house. The photovoltaic panels are used in series and can be set up in single groups or multiple groups. After sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic glass, electric energy is generated and connected to photovoltaic control equipment or converters and other devices through wires. The solar system outputs to electrical equipment through multiple channels with different priority levels and introduces mains alternating current for supplementation when necessary.

[0072] The photovoltaic glass is grouped in multiple pieces. The number of pieces in each group is determined by the average daily effective voltage at the maximum power point. It is preferably just over 330V - 340V and should not be lower than 330V. This system has advantages in winter heating and is also convenient for daytime electricity use. Based on the North China region, the photovoltaic glass is preferably at a high angle of about 50 degrees. This angle is higher than the 36 degrees of grid-connected photovoltaics, and the power generation efficiency will increase in winter. Install multiple storage water heaters in winter, with 500-liter electric water heaters. They can be heated during the day. After nightfall or when there are people at home, remove the insulation blankets on the water tanks to accelerate heat dissipation. Each 500-liter water tank requires 53 degrees of electricity to heat from 0 to 100 degrees, and multiple 500-liter water tanks can be distributed in multiple rooms. The water tanks can be insulated with blankets when necessary.

[0073] A group of 10kW photovoltaic glass can also generate approximately 50kW of electricity per day on average in winter. The cost price of photovoltaic glass is now 0.68 yuan per watt, and 6,800 yuan can buy 10kW of photovoltaic glass. Together with the solar photovoltaic host, etc., the cost is about 10,000 yuan, which can meet the basic winter heating demand. At the same time, electricity can be used during the day, and slow charging can be provided for new energy vehicles when necessary.

[0074] Household appliances such as televisions, computers, and air conditioners are generally connected to the t0 circuit, while electric cookers, electric kettles, and electric fans can be connected to the t1 circuit. Storage water heaters are generally connected to the t2 circuit. In this way, the photovoltaic system will try to maintain the stability of household appliances in the t0 circuit and, when there is surplus power, allow the loads on t1 and t2 to meet some of the demand. In this way, the entire circuit is stable, and at the same time, 100% power generation and electricity consumption efficiency can be achieved in winter.

[0075] Similarly, in the daytime of summer when the weather is hot, it can also supply power to household appliances such as air conditioners for daytime use, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the power generation system and can be used throughout the year.

[0076] As shown in Figure 5, after the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group is connected to the host, the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group undergoes capacitive-resistive voltage reduction, and after the voltage reduction, it enters the bjq comparator. After comparison, the result is returned to the xp control drive device, and the drive device directly drives the corresponding-level circuit. Generally, when the voltage reaches t1, t2, or power is discarded, the corresponding circuit is turned on or off.

[0077] When the power generation is greater than the t0 load and the current t0 circuit load is working, the current total power generation starts to increase. At this time, after the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group is connected, the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group undergoes capacitive-resistive voltage reduction, and after the voltage reduction, it enters the bjq comparator. When the voltage reaches the t1 level opening condition, after the bjq comparator compares, the result is returned to the xp control drive device, and the q1 core power component is turned on. The t1 circuit is fully turned on. However, at this time, the t1 load power is relatively large. After the t1 circuit is turned on, the total load is greater than the total power generation. At this time, the voltage starts to rise more slowly and then starts to decline. When the voltage of the entire system drops to the t1 closing voltage, the bjq comparator first detects this situation and returns the result to the xp control drive device. The drive device drives the q1 core power component 1, and the q1 closes the circuit, and the t1 circuit is fully closed. However, at this time, the total load of t0 is smaller than the total power generation of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group, so the voltage quickly stops declining and rises. When the voltage reaches the t1 opening condition again, the t1 circuit is turned on. After repeating this process, the actual output of the t1 circuit is a pwm pulsed current. When t1 is saturated, the 100% saturated pulsed current is direct current. Both the pulsed current and the direct current can drive household appliances such as electric rice cookers, electric kettles, and electric fans.

[0078] The t2-level output circuit t2 is the same as t1, and it also outputs a pwm pulsed current or direct current. The difference is that the t2 priority level is lower and the opening voltage is higher than that of t1. After the t1 pulsed current is saturated, t2 can be effectively turned on.

[0079] When the total power generation is greater than the total power consumption load and there is excess electricity. After the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group is connected, the power supply of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group is step - down by a resistor - capacitor voltage regulator and then enters the bjq comparator. After comparison, the result is returned to the xp control drive device to turn on the q1 core power component 1, and the t1 circuit is fully turned on. However, at this time, the total load of t0 + t1 is less than the power generation of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group. When the t1 circuit is turned on, the system voltage still rises rapidly and soon reaches the condition for turning on the t2 circuit. The bjq comparator sends a signal, and the result is returned to the xp control drive device to turn on the q2 core power component 2, and the t2 circuit is fully turned on. At this time, the total load of t0 + t1 + t2 is still less than the power generation of the gfdy photovoltaic panel group. When the t2 circuit is turned on, the system voltage continues to rise. When the voltage rises to the point where the qd power - wasting circuit is turned on, the bjq comparator sends a signal, and the result is returned to the xp control drive device to turn on the q3 power component 3, and the qd power - wasting circuit is turned on. Since the load power of the power - wasting circuit is set relatively large and set in advance, it can completely consume all the power generation. At this time, the total load of the power generation system is greater than the total power generation, and the voltage will slow down its rise and then start to decline. When the voltage drops to a certain value and reaches the power - wasting shutdown voltage, the bjq comparator sends a signal, and the result is returned to the xp control drive device to turn off the 3 power component 3, and the qd power - wasting circuit is turned off. At this time, the voltage stops dropping and starts to rise. When the voltage reaches the starting threshold of the qd power - wasting circuit again, the bjq comparator sends a signal, and the result is returned to the xp control drive device to turn on the q3 power component 3, and the qd power - wasting circuit is turned on. Since the load power of the power - wasting circuit is set relatively large and set in advance, it can completely consume all the power generation. At this time, the total load of the power generation system is greater than the total power generation, and the voltage will slow down its rise and then start to decline... When the power generation and power consumption do not change much, it may maintain a cycle for a long time.

[0080] . When the power generation is insufficient.

[0081] When the power generation is not enough to support the power consumption of the t0 load, the voltage will decrease. When the voltage drops to a certain level, the ac220v mains electricity is incorporated into the t0 circuit through the zlq rectifier bridge. When the mains electricity is ac230v, the theoretical voltage is about dc325v. When the system voltage drops below 325v, the ac220v mains electricity is incorporated into the t0 circuit through the zlq rectifier bridge. When the system voltage is much higher than this voltage, the mains electricity cannot be incorporated through the rectifier bridge. In this case, the voltage of the t0 - level output circuit will not be lower than the effective voltage after the mains electricity is rectified, and the stability of t0 is relatively reliable.

[0082] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hierarchical operation control method for a solar power generation system, wherein the input positive terminal and the input negative terminal of the host of the solar power generation system are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel group, and the output positive terminal and the output negative terminal of the host of the solar power generation system are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the load circuit; characterized in that: The voltage and power of the photovoltaic system change with the changes in power generation capacity and power consumption capacity, and fluctuate within a certain range. According to the fluctuations of this voltage and power, the corresponding load circuit is opened or closed to control the balance of power generation and power consumption, so as to achieve relative stability.

2. A method for controlling hierarchical operation of a solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the load is too small and the power generation is too much, the generated electricity cannot be consumed in time. The voltage of the power generation system continues to rise. When the voltage rises to the power abandonment threshold, the power abandonment circuit is turned on, which will consume the excess electricity and ensure the stability of the entire system.

3. A hierarchical operation control method for a solar power generation system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: T0 priority has no core power components, and T0 priority and solar photovoltaic panel group are connected together.

4. A hierarchical operation control method for a solar power generation system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the power consumption is greater than the power generation, t1, t2 and other circuits are restricted, the power consumption of t0 is still greater than the power generation, and the voltage will continue to drop. When the voltage is lower than the AC rectifier voltage, the AC power will automatically flow into the t0 circuit through the rectifier bridge to prevent the voltage from continuing to drop and maintain stability.

5. A hierarchical operation control method for a solar power generation system, wherein the input positive terminal and the input negative terminal of the host of the solar power generation system are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel group, and the output positive terminal and the output negative terminal of the host of the solar power generation system are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the load circuit; characterized in that: Through multi-channel classification, at different powers and voltages, the classification circuits work according to high and low priorities. When necessary, the power of low-priority circuits is limited to achieve relative stability of some high-priority circuits.

6. A photovoltaic power generation system stabilization method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hierarchical circuits operate according to high and low priorities, and when necessary, the power of the circuits with low priorities is limited to achieve relative stability of the circuits with high priorities, characterized in that: Except for the highest priority, each path has a core power component with low priority, and each core power component can be controlled to switch on and off.

7. A photovoltaic power generation system stabilization method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the circuit is opened or closed due to changes in power generation capacity and power consumption capacity, characterized in that: The voltage value of the entire power generation system, so the graded circuit, is the same.

8. A multi-channel hierarchical stabilization method for a photovoltaic power generation system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The switching frequency of the t1 classification is preferably in the range of 30-300, while the switching frequency of the t2 classification is preferably in the range of 15-220, and the switching operating frequency of the power abandonment circuit is preferably in the range of 5-150.

9. A method for setting the maximum power voltage of a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the household photovoltaic host are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel group, and the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic controller are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the load circuit; characterized in that: It is best if the conduction voltage of each level of the photovoltaic power generation system and the maximum power voltage set by the photovoltaic panel group are greater than the voltage after rectification of the mains.

10. A circuit voltage of a photovoltaic power generation system as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage of the opening and closing circuit of t1 is preferably about 5-10V greater than the voltage after rectification of the mains, and t2 is preferably 3-6V greater than t1, and the power abandonment circuit is preferably 4-7V higher than t2. The optimal operating voltage range of the solar photovoltaic glass group is greater than the voltage after rectification of the mains, and at the same time not higher than the voltage of t2 by 10V.

Images