A Dynamic Power Consumption Control Method for Phased Array Systems Based on Airspace Coverage Optimization

Abstract

The present invention provides a dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization, belonging to the technical field of phased array communication. It includes: dynamically adjusting the overlapping angle threshold to establish a dynamic mapping relationship between the target position and the effective coverage area of the current array surface; determining whether a target enters the overlapping coverage area of adjacent array surfaces; optimizing the hysteresis switching threshold through the Q-learning method to predict the trajectory of the target; starting a two-level compensation mechanism to control the transmission power; sending power configuration parameters to each array surface transmitter, and monitoring the channel temperature in real time. When it is detected that the channel temperature continuously exceeds the preset temperature, a backup channel rotation mechanism is started. By monitoring the target airspace position and beam pointing characteristics in real time, dynamically controlling the on / off state of the transceiver channels of each array surface, and adopting an overlapping coverage area optimization switching strategy and a transmission power compensation mechanism, the present invention can significantly reduce the system power consumption on the premise of ensuring the equivalent isotropic radiated power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of phased array communication, and particularly relates to a dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization, which can be used for power consumption optimization control of vehicle-mounted multi-band phased array antennas. Background Art

[0002] In the field of phased array UAV communication, the power consumption control problem caused by the cooperative operation of multiple arrays has become a key bottleneck restricting the system endurance. The commonly used fixed threshold array switching strategy in the prior art (such as the instant switching mechanism based on a fixed angle threshold) has significant defects: when the target enters the coverage area of the adjacent array, the switching operation is immediately triggered. Although it can ensure the continuity of beam coverage, it causes the power amplifier to be powered on / off frequently.

[0003] The current technical system has dual limitations in power compensation: firstly, a single compensation mechanism is difficult to balance the response speed and accuracy. For example, although the transmission power compensation can respond quickly, it will cause the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) to exceed the standard; secondly, a dynamic management model for the overlapping area has not been established, and the fixed overlapping angle setting cannot adapt to the beam characteristic differences of targets at different distances. At the control architecture level, there is a contradiction between the instruction synchronization accuracy and real-time performance in the traditional scheme. Although the existing distributed control system can achieve multi-node cooperation, its instruction transmission delay and channel response time deviation are difficult to meet the beam control accuracy requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization. The present invention can complete array switching in a short time, comprehensively reduce the energy consumption of array switching, improve the stability of EIRP, and improve the synchronization accuracy of control instructions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization, which is applied to a phased array system of a UAV. The system includes multiple arrays, each array has multiple radiation unit groups, each radiation unit group is independently controlled by a separate beamforming network, each array has a preset azimuth scanning range, and there is an overlapping coverage area between adjacent arrays; the method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step a, the airspace monitoring module receives the target three-dimensional coordinate data sent by the satellite positioning system in real time, dynamically adjusts the overlapping angle threshold based on the distance between the target and the station point, and combines the array scanning range to establish a dynamic mapping relationship between the target position and the effective coverage area of the current array, and then sends the real-time mapping data to the central control module;

[0008] Step b: After the central control module receives the real-time mapping data, it determines whether a target has entered the overlapping coverage area of adjacent arrays. If so, it sends an overlapping area warning signal to the handover decision module and proceeds to step c. If the target exceeds the boundaries of the current array by ±50°, it sends an array shutdown instruction to the power compensation module and proceeds to step d;

[0009] Step c: After the handover decision module receives the overlapping area warning signal, it optimizes the hysteresis handover threshold through the Q-learning method and then predicts the trajectory of the target. If the residence time of the target in the overlapping area is less than the set threshold, the current array is maintained and it returns to step a; if the target continues to move towards the adjacent array, the handover is triggered when it exceeds the maximum scan boundary of the current array and it returns to step a; if the target returns to the main service array, the adjacent array is closed, and an array handover instruction is sent to the distributed execution module, proceeding to step e;

[0010] Step d: After the power compensation module receives the array shutdown instruction, it starts a two-stage compensation mechanism to control the transmission power and then returns to step a;

[0011] Step e: After the distributed execution module receives the array handover instruction, it sends the power configuration parameters to each array transmitter through Gigabit Ethernet and then monitors the channel temperature in real time. When it detects that the temperature of a channel continuously exceeds the preset temperature, it starts the standby channel rotation mechanism and then returns to step a.

[0012] Furthermore, in step a, the overlapping angle threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the distance of the target from the site. The specific method is as follows:

[0013] (1) For targets within 20 km, the overlapping angle threshold is set to 10°;

[0014] (2) For targets between 20 - 50 km, the overlapping angle threshold is set to 8°;

[0015] (3) For targets over 50 km, the overlapping angle threshold is set to 5°;

[0016] (4) The overlapping angle threshold is dynamically corrected according to the target movement speed v:

[0017] ,

[0018] where is the reference angle and is the maximum tracking speed allowed by the system.

[0019] Further, the array scanning range in step (a) refers to the effective electrical scanning angle range ±r of a single phased array antenna element in the radiation element group in the azimuth direction.

[0020] Further, the dynamic mapping relationship in step (a) is specifically to establish the mapping relationship between the target position coordinates and the effective coverage array set S:

[0021]

[0022] where is the array number set in the clockwise direction, , is the radius of the array scanning range, is the azimuth angle, is the elevation angle, is the elevation coverage boundary of array N, is the distance from the target to the station, represents the target position coordinates the corresponding effective coverage array set, and is the array azimuth boundary, is the overlapping angle threshold.

[0023] Further, in step c, the state space of Q-learning includes the target azimuth angle θ, the distance D, and the load rate of adjacent arrays. The reward function is:

[0024] R = 1 / (number of handovers × power fluctuation coefficient),

[0025] The learning objective is to maximize the long-term reward through training.

[0026] Further, in step d, a two-stage compensation mechanism is started to control the transmission power. The specific method is:

[0027] (1) First-stage compensation: Increase the transmission power of the activated channels;

[0028] (2) Second-stage compensation: Adjust the attenuation value of the up-conversion module in the phased array system within 50 μs for fine power adjustment;

[0029] The two-stage compensation forms a closed-loop control. The output power is sampled through a directional coupler, compared with the target equivalent isotropic radiated power EIRP to generate an error signal, and the transmission power and attenuation value are simultaneously adjusted through a PID controller to form a double closed-loop control.

[0030] Further, in step e, the specific method of the standby channel rotation mechanism is that when the temperature of a certain channel > 85°C and lasts for more than 10 ms, it is switched to the standby channel according to the circular queue. At the same time, the power of the original channel is distributed to the adjacent channels according to the cosine square law. If the power of the original channel is , then the power distributed to the th adjacent channel is:

[0031]

[0032] wherein, is the physical distance between the th channel and the original channel, and is the maximum allowable distribution distance.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. The present invention uses a dynamic overlap angle model to effectively improve the coverage efficiency of a 50 km target;

[0035] 2. The present invention can complete the array surface switching in a short time;

[0036] 3. The present invention can comprehensively reduce the energy consumption of array surface switching, improve the stability of EIRP, and improve the synchronization accuracy of control commands. Specific embodiments

[0037] Next, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described. Obviously, these contents are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization is applied to a UAV phased array system. The system includes multiple array surfaces, each array surface has multiple radiation unit groups, each radiation unit group is independently controlled by a separate beamforming network, each array surface has a preset azimuth scanning range, and there is an overlapping coverage area between adjacent array surfaces; the method includes the following steps:

[0039] Step a, the airspace monitoring module receives the target three-dimensional coordinate data sent by the satellite positioning system in real time, dynamically adjusts the overlap angle threshold based on the distance between the target and the station, and combines the array surface scanning range to establish a dynamic mapping relationship between the target position and the effective coverage area of the current array surface, and then sends the real-time mapping data to the central control module; the array surface scanning range refers to the effective electrical scanning angle range ±r of a single phased array antenna unit in the radiation unit group in the azimuth direction.

[0040] Among them, the overlapping angle threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the distance of the target from the station. The specific method is as follows:

[0041] (1) For targets within 20 km, set the overlapping angle threshold to 10°;

[0042] (2) For targets between 20 - 50 km, set the overlapping angle threshold to 8°;

[0043] (3) For targets over 50 km, set the overlapping angle threshold to 5°;

[0044] (4) Dynamically correct the overlapping angle threshold according to the target movement speed v:

[0045] ,

[0046] where is the reference angle, is the maximum tracking speed allowed by the system.

[0047] The dynamic mapping relationship is specifically to establish the mapping relationship between the target position coordinates and the set S of effective coverage arrays:

[0048]

[0049] where is the array number set in the clockwise direction, , is the radius of the array scanning range, is the azimuth angle, is the elevation angle, is the elevation coverage boundary of array N, is the distance of the target from the station, represents the set of effective coverage arrays corresponding to the target position coordinates , and is the azimuth angle boundary of array , is the overlapping angle threshold.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, by real-time monitoring of the target azimuth angle and beam pointing parameters, a dynamic mapping relationship between the target airspace position and the effective coverage area of the array is established, where the scanning coverage range of each array is ±50° and the adjacent arrays are spaced 90°, forming a ±10° overlapping coverage area;

[0051] Step b: After the central control module receives the real-time mapping data, it determines whether a target has entered the overlapping coverage area of adjacent arrays. If so, it sends an overlapping area warning signal to the handover decision module and proceeds to step c. If the target exceeds the boundaries of the current array by ±50°, it sends an array shutdown command to the power compensation module and proceeds to step d;

[0052] Step c: When the target is in the overlapping coverage area of adjacent arrays, implement the lag handover control strategy: maintain the current serving array until the target exceeds its maximum scanning range by ±50°;

[0053] Specifically, after the handover decision module receives the overlapping area warning signal, it optimizes the lag handover threshold through the Q-learning method, and then predicts the target's trajectory. If the target's residence time in the overlapping area is less than the set threshold, maintain the current array and return to step a; if the target continues to move towards the adjacent array, trigger the handover when it exceeds the maximum scanning boundary of the current array and return to step a; if the target returns to the main serving array, close the adjacent array and send an array handover command to the distributed execution module, then proceed to step e;

[0054] Among them, the state space of Q-learning includes the target azimuth angle θ, distance D, and the load rate of the adjacent array. The reward function is:

[0055] R = 1 / (number of handovers × power fluctuation coefficient),

[0056] The learning objective is to maximize the long-term reward through training.

[0057] The lag handover specifically includes:

[0058] (1) When the target enters the overlapping area from the main serving array, maintain the current array until the target exceeds the ±50° scanning boundary of the array;

[0059] (2) When the target returns to the overlapping area of the main serving array from the adjacent array, preferentially close the adjacent array and reactivate the main serving array;

[0060] (3) Perform motion trajectory prediction on the target in the overlapping area. When the predicted residence time is less than the set threshold, prohibit the handover operation, optimize the lag handover threshold through the communication and sensing Q-learning algorithm, and dynamically adjust it in combination with the channel quality index.

[0061] Step d: After the power compensation module receives the array shutdown command, it starts a two-stage compensation mechanism to control the transmission power, and then returns to step a; the specific method of the two-stage compensation mechanism is:

[0062] (1) First-stage compensation: Increase the transmission power of the activated channels;

[0063] (2) Second - level compensation: Adjust the attenuation value of the up - conversion module in the phased - array system within 50 μs for fine power adjustment;

[0064] The two - level compensation forms a closed - loop control. The output power is sampled through a directional coupler, compared with the target equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) to generate an error signal, and the transmit power and attenuation value are simultaneously adjusted through a PID controller to form a double - closed - loop control.

[0065] This step is for the scenario where the number of active array faces decreases. Through power - compensation control, the power of each active transmitting channel is increased, and at the same time, the attenuation value of the up - conversion module is adjusted to keep the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) constant. The two - level compensation forms a closed - loop control to ensure that the EIRP fluctuation does not exceed ±0.5 dB.

[0066] Step e: After the distributed execution module receives the array - switching instruction, it sends power - configuration parameters to each array transmitter through Gigabit Ethernet, and then monitors the channel temperature in real - time. When it detects that the temperature of a channel continuously exceeds the preset temperature, it starts the standby - channel rotation mechanism and then returns to step a;

[0067] Among them, the specific method of the standby - channel rotation mechanism is that when the temperature of a certain channel > 85 °C and lasts for more than 10 ms, it switches to the standby channel according to the circular queue, and at the same time distributes the power of the original channel to adjacent channels according to the cosine - square law. If the power of the original channel is Then the power distributed to the th adjacent channel is:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, is the physical distance between the th channel and the original channel, is the maximum allowable distribution distance.

[0070] In actual operation, this method sends a fast - short frame every 200 ms, including: the target spatial distribution state (8 bits: each bit represents a beam state), the active - array - face identification combination (4 bits: each bit corresponds to the activation state of an array face), the predicted value of the target dwell time (16 bits: unit is millisecond). At the same time, it receives and parses the up - conversion attenuation instruction, and adjusts the output power of the up - conversion module to achieve a stepping accuracy of 0.1 dB.

[0071] When all array faces must be activated simultaneously, 50% of the redundant transmitting channels in each array face are turned off, and the transmit power of the activated channels is increased by 3 dB to keep the EIRP stable. The channel temperature is monitored in real - time, and when the temperature of any channel exceeds 85 °C, the standby - channel rotation mechanism is automatically enabled.

[0072] In summary, the present invention addresses the problem of redundant power consumption in a multi-array phased array system in a target tracking scenario. By real-time monitoring the target airspace position and beam pointing characteristics, dynamically controlling the on / off states of the transceiver channels of each array, and adopting an overlapping coverage area optimization switching strategy and a transmit power compensation mechanism, a significant reduction in system power consumption is achieved while ensuring the equivalent isotropic radiated power.

[0073] As described above, the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization, characterized in that Applied to a phased array system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, the system includes multiple array faces, each array face has multiple radiation element groups, each radiation element group is independently controlled by a separate beamforming network, each array face has a preset azimuth scanning range, and there is an overlapping coverage area between adjacent array faces; the method includes the following steps: Step a: The airspace monitoring module receives the target three-dimensional coordinate data sent by the satellite positioning system in real time. Based on the distance between the target and the station, the overlapping angle threshold is dynamically adjusted, and combined with the array scanning range, a dynamic mapping relationship between the target position and the current effective coverage area of the array is established, and then real-time mapping data is sent to the central control module. Among them, establishing the dynamic mapping relationship between the target position and the current effective coverage area of the array specifically means establishing the target position coordinates The mapping relationship with the set S of effective coverage arrays: Among them, is the array surface number set in the clockwise direction, , is the radius of the array surface scanning range, is the azimuth angle, is the elevation angle, is the elevation coverage boundary of array surface N, is the distance from the target to the station, represents the target position coordinates corresponding to the effective coverage array surface set, and is the array surface azimuth angle boundary, is the overlapping angle threshold; Step b, after the central control module receives the real-time mapping data, it determines whether there is a target entering the overlapping coverage area of adjacent array faces. If so, it sends an overlapping area warning signal to the handover decision module and proceeds to step c. If the target exceeds the ±50° boundary of the current array face, it sends an array face shutdown command to the power compensation module and proceeds to step d; Step c, after the handover decision module receives the overlapping area warning signal, it optimizes the hysteresis handover threshold through the Q-learning method, and then predicts the trajectory of the target. If the residence time of the target in the overlapping area is less than the set threshold, it maintains the current array face and returns to step a; if the target continues to move towards the adjacent array face, it triggers the handover when it exceeds the maximum scanning boundary of the current array face and returns to step a; if the target returns to the main service array face, it shuts down the adjacent array face and sends an array face handover command to the distributed execution module, proceeding to step e; Step d, after the power compensation module receives the array face shutdown command, it starts a two-stage compensation mechanism to control the transmit power, and then returns to step a; Step e, after the distributed execution module receives the array face handover command, it sends power configuration parameters to the transmitters of each array face through Gigabit Ethernet, and then monitors the channel temperature in real time. When it detects that there is a channel temperature continuously exceeding the preset temperature, it starts the standby channel rotation mechanism, and then returns to step a.

2. The dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization according to claim 1, wherein In step a, the overlapping angle threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the distance of the target from the site. The specific method is as follows: (1) For targets within 20 km, set the overlapping angle threshold to 10°; (2)For targets at 20 - 50 km, the overlapping angle threshold is set to 8°; (3)For targets over 50 km, set the overlapping angle threshold to 5°; (4) Dynamically correct the overlapping angle threshold according to the target motion speed v as follows: ， Among them, is the reference angle, is the maximum tracking speed allowed by the system.

3. A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that The array face scanning range in step (a) refers to the effective electrical scanning angle range ±r of a single phased array antenna element in the radiation element group in the azimuth direction.

4. A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that In step c, the state space of Q-learning includes the target azimuth angle θ, the distance D, and the load rate of the adjacent array face. The reward function is: R = 1 / (number of handovers × power fluctuation coefficient), The learning objective is to maximize the long-term reward through training.

5. A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that In step d, a two-stage compensation mechanism is started to control the transmit power. The specific method is as follows: (1) First-stage compensation: Increase the transmit power of the activated channels; (2) Second-stage compensation: Adjust the attenuation value of the up-conversion module in the phased array system within 50 μs for fine power adjustment; The two-stage compensation forms a closed-loop control. The output power is sampled through a directional coupler, compared with the target equivalent isotropic radiated power EIRP to generate an error signal, and the transmit power and attenuation value are simultaneously adjusted through a PID controller to form a double closed-loop control.

6. A dynamic power consumption control method for a phased array system based on airspace coverage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step e, the specific method of the standby channel rotation mechanism is that when the temperature of a certain channel > 85°C and lasts for more than 10 ms, it is switched to the standby channel according to the circular queue. At the same time, the power of the original channel is distributed to the adjacent channels according to the cosine square law. If the power of the original channel is , then the power distributed to the th adjacent channel is: Among them, is the physical distance between the channel and the original channel, and is the maximum allowable allocation distance.

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