Novel perovskite battery

Abstract

The invention provides a novel perovskite battery. The novel perovskite battery comprises a substrate, a plurality of battery monomers distributed on the upper surface of the substrate at intervals, and an insulating protection layer covering the upper surfaces of the plurality of battery monomers, the battery monomer comprises a perovskite layer, an ETL electrode and an HTL electrode, the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode are coated in the perovskite layer, the ETL electrode comprises a first electrode and an ETL layer coated on the outer surface of the first electrode, and the ETL layer is connected with the perovskite layer; the HTL electrode comprises a second electrode and an HTL layer wrapping the outer surface of the second electrode, and the HTL layer is connected with the perovskite layer. According to the novel perovskite cell provided by the scheme, the whole connection structure is simple and easy to realize, the process difficulty is reduced, and the qualified rate is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a novel perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also called new concept solar cells.

[0003] In the prior art, perovskite solar cells are vertically stacked structures such as those disclosed in CN114361346A, CN111192966B, etc., that is, they include a conductive glass layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electrode layer stacked in sequence; wherein the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer can be interchanged to form an inverted structure; and metal electrodes need to be prepared on the top layer. The above existing structures have the following defects:

[0004] 1. It is necessary to prepare a metal electrode (i.e., electrode layer) on the surface of the battery body. The preparation efficiency is difficult to improve and the cost is high. The metal electrode needs to pass through the underlying electron transport layer, perovskite layer, and hole transport layer in sequence to connect with the conductive layer of the adjacent monomer. The process is difficult and the pass rate is low.

[0005] 2. The metal electrodes arranged on the surface of the battery body block light, and the light conversion efficiency of the battery is difficult to improve.

[0006] 3. The substrate uses a conductive glass layer, that is, a conductive layer such as ITO (indium tin oxide) is prepared on the glass surface, which increases the cost, and the conductive layer has a certain degree of light shielding, which also affects the light conversion efficiency of the battery to a certain extent. Summary of the invention

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a new type of perovskite battery, which adopts a brand-new battery structure to improve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A novel perovskite battery comprises a substrate, a plurality of battery cells distributed at intervals on the upper surface of the substrate, and an insulating protective layer covering the upper surface of the plurality of battery cells; the battery cells comprise a perovskite layer and an ETL electrode and an HTL electrode coated in the perovskite layer, the ETL electrode comprises a first electrode and an ETL layer coated on the outer surface of the first electrode, the ETL layer is connected to the perovskite layer; the HTL electrode comprises a second electrode and an HTL layer coated on the outer surface of the second electrode, the HTL layer is connected to the perovskite layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the first electrode of the ETL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery cell, and the extension ends of the first electrodes of the plurality of battery cells are all connected to a first bus bar.

[0011] Furthermore, the second electrode of the HTL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery cell, and the extension ends of the second electrodes of the plurality of battery cells are all connected to a second bus bar.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the first electrode and the ETL layer of the ETL electrode are both less than 2 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the second electrode and the HTL layer of the HTL electrode are both less than 2 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the substrate is a light-transmitting substrate.

[0015] Furthermore, the insulating protective layer is a light-transmitting insulating protective layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the insulating protection layer is a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer.

[0017] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In the perovskite battery provided by this solution, the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode are arranged in the perovskite layer to form an inside-outside distributed battery structure. Compared with the vertical distribution structure in the prior art, the top electrode layer is eliminated, making the overall connection structure simple and easy to implement, reducing the process difficulty and effectively improving the qualified rate.

[0019] 2. The top electrode layer of the vertical distribution structure in the prior art is eliminated, thus avoiding the shading of the top electrode layer and greatly improving the light conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0020] 3. The perovskite cell provided by this solution also omits the conductive layer on the upper surface of the substrate, saving material costs and further increasing the light transmittance, further improving the light conversion efficiency of the cell to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Shown is a cross-sectional view of a novel perovskite cell in an embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a portion of the structure shown;

[0023] Figure 3 Shown is a cross-sectional view of a single ETL electrode in an embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4Shown is a cross-sectional view of a single HTL electrode in an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the ETL electrode group in the embodiment is shown; wherein the ETL electrode is a cross-sectional view;

[0026] Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the HTL electrode group in the embodiment; wherein the HTL electrode is a cross-sectional view;

[0027] Figure 7 Shown is a top view of a novel perovskite cell in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, a person of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0029] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a novel perovskite battery provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 10, a plurality of battery cells 1 spaced apart on the upper surface of the substrate 10 (and an insulating protective layer 50 covering the upper surface of the plurality of battery cells 1; specifically, the substrate 1 adopts a light-transmitting substrate, such as light-transmitting glass, etc. The insulating protective layer 50 also adopts a light-transmitting insulating protective layer, such as a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer in the prior art. At the same time, in this embodiment, three battery cells 1 are taken as an example for description, and of course, the number of battery cells 1 is not limited thereto.

[0031] The battery cell 1 includes a perovskite layer 20 and an ETL electrode 30 and an HTL electrode 40 coated in the perovskite layer 40, the ETL electrode 30 includes a first electrode 31 and an ETL layer 32 coated on the outer surface of the first electrode 31, and the ETL layer 32 is connected to the perovskite layer 20; that is, the first electrode 31, the ETL layer 32 and the perovskite layer 20 are connected in sequence from the inside to the outside; the HTL electrode 40 includes a second electrode 41 and an HTL layer 42 coated on the outer surface of the second electrode 41, and the HTL layer 42 is connected to the perovskite layer 20, that is, the second electrode 41, the HTL layer 42 and the perovskite layer 20 are connected in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0032] In the perovskite cell provided by the present solution, the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 are arranged in the perovskite layer 20, forming an inner and outer distributed cell structure. When working, the sunlight can be incident on each battery cell 1 from the upper and lower surfaces of the battery, and the current generated by the battery cell 1 is drawn from the first electrode 31 of the ETL electrode 30 and the second electrode 41 of the HTL electrode 40, thereby realizing solar power generation.

[0033] Thus, the perovskite battery provided by this solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. Compared with the vertical distribution structure in the prior art, the perovskite cell provided by this solution eliminates the top electrode layer, making the overall connection structure simple and easy to implement, reducing the process difficulty and effectively improving the qualification rate.

[0035] 2. The top electrode layer of the vertical distribution structure in the prior art is eliminated, thus avoiding the shading of the top electrode layer and greatly improving the light conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0036] 3. The perovskite cell provided by this solution also omits the conductive layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10, saving material costs and further increasing the light transmittance, thereby further improving the light conversion efficiency of the cell to a certain extent.

[0037] Preferably, in this embodiment, the first electrode 31 of the ETL electrode 30 has an extension end extending out of the battery cell 1, and the extension ends of the first electrodes 31 of the plurality of battery cells 1 are all connected to a first bus bar 33, and the first bus bar 33 and the plurality of ETL electrodes 30 thereon form an ETL electrode group. In this way, the ETL electrodes 30 of the plurality of battery cells 1 are connected together.

[0038] Similarly, the second electrode 41 of the HTL electrode 40 has an extension end extending out of the battery cell 1, and the extension ends of the second electrodes 41 of multiple battery cells 1 are all connected to a second bus bar 43, and the second bus bar 43 and the multiple HTL electrodes 40 thereon form an HTL electrode group. In this way, the HTL electrodes 40 of multiple battery cells 1 are connected.

[0039] The above-mentioned confluence arrangement of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 enables multiple ETL electrodes 30 to form a whole, and multiple HTL electrodes 40 to form a whole, which is convenient for unified preparation. That is, the ETL electrode group and the HTL electrode group can be prepared separately before preparing the battery, and then put into the perovskite layer after passing the test. In this way, the qualified rate of battery preparation can be better improved.

[0040] Specifically, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 41 may be metal electrodes, such as single-element electrodes such as gold electrodes, silver electrodes or copper electrodes, or laminated electrodes obtained by laminating multiple metal layers, or alloy electrodes, etc., as long as they can achieve conductivity.

[0041] Preferably, in order to reduce the thickness of the battery, the thickness D1 of the first electrode 31 of the ETL electrode 30 and the thickness D2 of the ETL layer 32 are both less than 2 mm; the thickness d1 of the second electrode 41 of the HTL electrode 40 and the thickness d2 of the HTL layer 42 are also less than 2 mm.

[0042] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing the novel perovskite battery, comprising the following steps:

[0043] A1, providing a substrate 10, and preparing a perovskite bottom layer on the surface of the substrate 10.

[0044] Specifically, the perovskite bottom layer can be obtained by coating the entire surface of the substrate 10 .

[0045] A2, the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 are laid on the perovskite bottom layer, and the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 are arranged in the same layer and staggered.

[0046] At the same time, the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 can be prepared in advance and used for the preparation of this step after passing the inspection, ensuring the quality pass rate of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40; greatly simplifying the battery structure and the battery production process, achieving cost savings.

[0047] A3, preparing a perovskite top layer, which is disposed on the perovskite bottom layer and covers the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 .

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the preparation of the perovskite top layer can be achieved by spraying or pouring in a mold, so that the perovskite top layer can cover the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 and ensure the flatness of the top surface.

[0049] The perovskite top layer and the perovskite bottom layer constitute the perovskite layer 20 .

[0050] Through this step, the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 can be well coated in the perovskite layer 20 composed of the perovskite bottom layer and the perovskite top layer.

[0051] A4, annealing treatment; modifying and reorganizing the perovskite layer 20 to obtain a perovskite layer 20 that meets the power generation requirements.

[0052] A5, a scratching process, etching from the surface of the perovskite layer 20 downward to the surface of the substrate 10, thereby scratching out a plurality of battery cells 1, each of which contains at least one ETL electrode 30 and one HTL electrode 40. In this embodiment, each battery cell 1 contains one ETL electrode 30 and one HTL electrode 40, and each battery cell 1 is an independent power generator, and outputs through the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 41. Of course, in other embodiments, each battery cell 1 may also contain two ETL electrodes 30 and two HTL electrodes 40, etc.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the scribing process adopts a laser scribing process.

[0054] A6, preparing an insulating light-transmitting protective layer 50 on the surface of the perovskite layer 20, and obtaining Figure 1 and Figure 7 The perovskite cell shown.

[0055] The perovskite battery prepared by the preparation method of this scheme can be subjected to EL test (electronic luminescence test) after step A5 is completed, so that unqualified products can be repaired in time to ensure the qualified rate before device packaging. That is, in this embodiment, between step A5 and step A6, step A5-1 is also included, in which each battery cell 1 is subjected to EL test, and step A6 is entered after passing the test.

[0056] Existing vertical structure batteries require a large number of large-area evaporation or deposition equipment to prepare, which requires high precision equipment, high environmental requirements, and huge investment. The preparation method adopted in this scheme effectively overcomes these shortcomings and opens up new process options for industrialization.

[0057] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: it includes a substrate, a plurality of cell units spacedly distributed on the upper surface of the substrate, and an insulating protective layer covering the upper surfaces of the plurality of cell units; each cell unit includes a perovskite layer, an ETL electrode and an HTL electrode encapsulated in the perovskite layer, the ETL electrode includes a first electrode and an ETL layer coated on the outer surface of the first electrode, and the ETL layer is connected to the perovskite layer; the HTL electrode includes a second electrode and an HTL layer coated on the outer surface of the second electrode, and the HTL layer is connected to the perovskite layer.

2. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first electrode of the ETL electrode has an extension end extending out of the cell unit, and the extension ends of the first electrodes of the plurality of cell units are all connected to a first bus bar.

3. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the second electrode of the HTL electrode has an extension end extending out of the cell unit, and the extension ends of the second electrodes of the plurality of cell units are all connected to a second bus bar.

4. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thicknesses of both the first electrode of the ETL electrode and the ETL layer are less than 2 mm.

5. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thicknesses of both the second electrode of the HTL electrode and the HTL layer are less than 2 mm.

6. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the substrate is a light-transmitting substrate.

7. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the insulating protective layer is a light-transmitting insulating protective layer.

8. The novel perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: the insulating protective layer is a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer.

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