Method for cultivating trunk-shaped pear tree by using wind-resistant and bird-proof shed frame

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a trunk-shaped pear tree through a wind-resistant and bird-proof shed frame. According to the method, a wind-resistant and bird-proof shed frame is built in a pear garden, and a cultivation method suitable for the shape of a pear trunk is combined to cultivate pear trees. The wind-resisting and bird-preventing shed frame comprises corner posts, surrounding posts, stand columns, supporting posts, ground anchors, steel wires, cloth, bird-preventing nets and other materials, the wind-resisting and bird-preventing shed frame covering the whole pear garden in the nets is built through combination of the materials, the shed frame is provided with the stand columns, and three steel wires penetrating through the tree row direction are arranged on the stand columns in a pulling mode and used for pulling and fixing side branches of a trunk tree shape. The wind-resistant and bird-proof shed frame not only resists wind and is light-transmitting, but also can effectively control the harm of birds. According to the trunk-shaped pear tree cultivation method, planting is conducted in the mode that a main cultivated variety and a pollination variety are combined, lateral branches can be remarkably reduced through steel wire tip pressing on the lateral branches of a trunk and cultivation of bearing branches, and then nutrient consumption of vegetative growth of a tree body is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating spindle-shaped pear trees using a wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola. Background Art

[0002] Pear trees are one of the important fruit trees in China, and there are various cultivation methods, among which pergola cultivation and non-pergola cultivation are two common methods. However, the yield of pear trees cultivated by pergola is often higher than that of non-pergola cultivation.

[0003] Pear trees cultivated by pergola adopt a three-dimensional cultivation method. By building a support in the orchard, it can not only provide a stable support structure for the growth of pear trees, effectively resist typhoon attacks, but also install bird-proof facilities on the pergola to fundamentally solve the problem of bird damage. At the same time, through reasonable pergola design, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of pear trees are optimized, making the space utilization rate of pear trees higher, with more sufficient sunlight and moisture, and further improving the quality and yield of pears.

[0004] At present, the pergola cultivation of pear trees in Ningbo is mainly in the open-center tree shape, with a relatively large number of main branches and branching levels, a more complex shaping and pruning technology, a greater difficulty in cultivating the tree shape, a relatively short trunk, a closed crown, and inconvenient mechanical operation. Other horizontal pergolas, V-shaped pergolas, etc., are also affected by the cultivated tree shape, planting density, or the height limit of the pergola surface, and there are also deficiencies such as slow tree formation, low early yield, inconvenient management, and inability of machinery to enter the orchard. With the aging of the population, problems such as difficult labor employment and soaring labor costs have emerged in the orchard, and there is an urgent need for a pergola cultivation method with fast tree formation, early fruiting, convenient management, and suitable for mechanized operation in the orchard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola cultivation method suitable for spindle-shaped pear trees. The cultivation method provided by the present invention not only has the characteristics of wind resistance, good ventilation and light transmission, convenient management, and fast tree formation, but also combines the erection of a net surface on the pergola and is equipped with a bird-proof net to effectively control bird damage. The cultivation of the present invention implements the spindle shape and the supporting wide-row and close-planting, offset-groove planting mode, which is a new simplified cultivation mode for pears, with early production and quick results, and this mode is suitable for mechanized operation in the orchard.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for cultivating spindle-shaped pear trees using a wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola. The wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola includes columns, perimeter columns, corner columns, and a pergola surface; steel wires are respectively pulled at a position of the columns away from the ground, and the steel wires run across the tree row direction.

[0008] Preferably, the method for cultivating spindle-shaped pear trees includes the processes of orchard selection, seedling and variety selection, land preparation and planting, trunk cultivation, fruiting branch cultivation, and branch renewal.

[0009] Preferably, the shed surface is composed of corner columns, perimeter columns and steel wires at the top of the upright columns. In the windproof and bird-proof shed frame, the shed surface is a bird-proof net, and the bird-proof net is a net covered on the shed surface later.

[0010] More preferably, in the windproof and bird-proof shed frame, the corner columns are placed at the four corners of the pear orchard. Perimeter columns are arranged on the perpendicular lines of the corner columns around the orchard. Upright columns are placed at the intersection points of the perpendicular lines of the perimeter columns inside the orchard. The longitudinal and transverse lines of the shed surface pass over the tops of the corner columns or perimeter columns at both ends.

[0011] The present invention also provides a cultivation method for the above-mentioned spindle-shaped pear trees, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Selection of orchard site: Select flat land with a pH value of 5.5 - 7.0, an organic matter content of more than 1%, a salt content of less than 1‰, and a groundwater level of less than 1.0 m.

[0013] (2) Selection of seedlings and varieties: Select two or more varieties including the main variety and the pollination variety; select current-year grafted seedlings or one-year-old seedlings for pear seedlings.

[0014] (3) Soil preparation and planting: Before planting, turn over the soil, dig drainage ditches, level the ridge surface, and dig holes for planting.

[0015] (4) Cultivation of the main trunk: After planting, cut the main trunk short, cultivate the central main trunk and support it; control the height of the pear tree at 2.6 m - 2.8 m in the second year.

[0016] (5) Cultivation of fruiting branches: When willows germinate in February - March of the second year, perform bud notching on all buds above 60 cm from the bottom and below 30 cm from the top of the main trunk; when the newly sprouted branches grow to 15 cm - 20 cm, support the branches to open them, with an angle of 70° - 80°; in the third year, perform supplementary bud notching, branch pulling and pruning on the bare parts of the main trunk.

[0017] (6) Branch renewal: For the spindle-shaped tree body of the pear tree, long-release young branches during pruning, remove over-dense branches, promptly cut short over-long branches and renew over-thick branches.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the planting ratio of the pollination variety to the main variety is 1:2 - 4.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), turn over the soil to a depth of 40 cm - 60 cm, bury crushed straw or fruit branches, dig drainage ditches with a width of 60 cm - 80 cm and a depth of 50 cm - 60 cm, adopt the "one-row-one-gutter offset planting" or "two-rows-one-gutter offset planting" mode, dig holes for planting, with a plant spacing of 1.5 m - 2.0 m and a row spacing of 3.5 m - 4.0 m. Plant 83 - 127 plants per 667 m 2 During planting, apply 10 kg - 15 kg of sheep manure per hole as the base fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, after the step (4) of planting, the main trunk is cut short, and the height of the short cut is 40 cm to 50 cm. Leave 1 to 2 plump buds under the cut for sprouting new shoots. When the new shoots grow to 15 cm to 20 cm, select 1 upright branch with strong growth potential as the central main trunk;

[0021] In the second year, control the height of the tree at 2.6 m to 2.8 m;

[0022] For trees with a height less than 2.5 m, short cut the extended branch of the central trunk to promote growth;

[0023] For trees with a height exceeding 2.5 m, slow down the growth of the extended branch of the central trunk;

[0024] When the height exceeds the target height by 80 cm to 100 cm, pull down and press the top shoots, fix the lateral branches on the steel wire line described in claim 1 by pulling the branches, and the branch pulling angle is less than 90°;

[0025] When the growth potential of the top shoot is weak, cut back and replace the head of the stronger growing branch on the shoot; when the replacement branch is strongly upright, pull down and press the shoots again.

[0026] Preferably, in the step (5), the position of bud carving is 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm above the bud, the carving depth reaches the xylem, and the carving width is 1 / 2 of the thickness of the main trunk.

[0027] Preferably, in the step (6), the fruiting branches with a thickness exceeding 1 / 3 of the central trunk should be promptly removed and renewed.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] The pergola cultivation of the present invention has the characteristics of wind resistance, good ventilation and light transmission, convenient management, and fast tree shaping. In addition, by combining the pergola with a net surface and setting up a bird-proof net, the damage caused by birds can be effectively controlled. While reducing the bad fruit rate, it also has the function of resisting natural disasters such as hail attacks. There are also columns in the pergola, and three steel wire lines running through the tree row direction are pulled on the columns for pulling and fixing the lateral branches of the main trunk tree shape. By pressing the shoots of the main trunk lateral branches with steel wire lines and cultivating the fruiting branches, the generation of lateral branches can be significantly reduced, thereby reducing the nutrient consumption of the vegetative growth of the tree body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the pergola column erection;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a front elevation schematic diagram for the erection of a pergola, where 1 is the auxiliary wire, 2 is the ground anchor, 3 is the perimeter column, 4 is the load-bearing stone, 5 is the pergola wire, 6 is the upright column, and 7 is the ground;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a front elevation schematic diagram for the erection of a pergola, where 1 is the auxiliary wire, 2 is the ground anchor, 3 is the perimeter column, 4 is the load-bearing stone, 5 is the pergola wire, 6 is the upright column, 7 is the ground, and 8 is the support column;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the cross-shaped groove at the top of the column;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram for fixing the pergola wire;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the training trellis for the main trunk tree form;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the wire guy for the main trunk tree form trellis. 9 is at 1.0 m above the ground of the upright column, 10 is at 1.5 m above the ground of the upright column, and 11 is at 2.0 m of the upright column;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the "one-row-one-gutter offset planting" and "two-rows-one-gutter offset planting" patterns with a row spacing of 4 m. 12 is the mechanical operation path, and 13 is the drainage ditch (the upper figure is "one-row-one-gutter offset planting", and the lower figure is "two-rows-one-gutter offset planting");

[0039] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pear main trunk shape. Detailed implementation method

[0040] The present invention provides a method for cultivating pears using a pergola, including the erection of a wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola and a cultivation method suitable for the main trunk shape of pears.

[0041] The materials for erecting the wind-resistant and bird-proof pergola include corner columns, perimeter columns, upright columns, support columns, ground anchors, wires, cloth, and bird-proof nets. In the main windward direction, to make the pergola body firm, support columns can be buried on the outside. The support columns are slightly lower and form a triangular support with the corner columns and perimeter columns. The upright columns are placed at the intersection of the perpendicular lines of the perimeter columns, and the upright columns are arranged in a "pin" shape with a horizontal spacing of 4 m or 8 m. The columns used for erection are 10 cm square cement columns. When burying, keep the vertical height of the above-ground parts of the corner columns, perimeter columns, and upright columns at 2.8 m to 3.0 m, and the buried depth of the underground parts is about 50 cm. When burying, large stones are placed under the column bottoms to slow down the settlement of the columns.

[0042] After the shed structure is completed, wrap the top of the cement column with rags to prevent the bird-proof net from being damaged by wind and other friction. Set horizontal wooden strips of 120cm and 80cm in length at 1.0m and 1.5m from the ground. Slots are cut at both ends of the wooden strips. Two steel wires are pulled along the direction of the tree row to pull and fix the main tree branches. Drill holes at a height of 2.0m from the column, and pull a steel wire parallel to the tree row to tie the tree trunk to reduce the shaking of the tree caused by strong wind. The sky net is laid flat on the shed surface, supported by the shed surface, and the side nets and sky nets are closely connected, covering the entire pear orchard in the net.

[0043] Cultivation methods suitable for the main trunk shape of pears include site selection, variety selection, seedling selection, land preparation and planting, main trunk cultivation, fruiting branch cultivation and branch renewal.

[0044] Varieties selected are mainly varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, strong disease resistance, stress resistance, and moderate or strong tree vigor, such as Cuiyu and Xinyu. Varieties with strong affinity, similar flowering period, large amount of pollen, high pollen germination rate, high quality, high yield and economic benefits are used as pollination varieties.

[0045] Planting pear seedlings requires one-year grafted seedlings that are healthy, have full branches and buds, a well-developed root system, and are free of diseases and insect pests. In order to facilitate mechanical planting, the "1 row 1 ditch and side ditch planting" or "2 rows 1 ditch and side ditch planting" model is adopted, and the holes are dug and planted from late November to early February of the following year after the leaves fall.

[0046] In order to reduce the root-crown ratio and promote the growth of the root system and the trunk, the trunk is pruned after planting. In the first year of planting, try to make the trunk height reach more than 2.5m, and keep 3 to 4 side branches at the base as auxiliary branches to increase the photosynthetic area and stabilize the tree. In the second year, for pear trees with a height of less than 2.5m, prune the full buds of the one-year-old central trunk extension branches to promote growth. For pear trees with a height of more than 2.5m, slow down the growth of the central trunk extension branches. If the central trunk is too weak, the lower branches can be appropriately thinned to maintain the dominance of the central trunk; when it is too strong, use weak branches to replace the head, or try to make it bear fruit, so as to control the momentum of the fruit and balance the crown up and down.

[0047] Bud carving for fruiting branches: carving buds on the main trunk or strong long branches can significantly increase the germination rate and branching rate, and increase the number of branches. Pulling branches: pulling branches to open the angle can promote the germination of buds on the rear branches, and promote the growth of a small number of short branches and leaf clusters, promoting early flowering and early fruiting. Pruning: timely thinning out strong competing branches and long branches to maintain a reasonable tree structure. Thin out dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, long branches, overcrowded branches and other branches with no retention value in the crown to save nutrients, improve ventilation and light conditions, enhance photosynthesis capacity, and facilitate the formation of flower buds. Through these methods, the problem of bare or missing branches on the main trunk can be effectively solved, and the healthy growth and high yield of trees can be promoted.

[0048] Branch renewal: For the spindle-shaped tree of pear trees, prune the young branches by long-term release, thin out the overcrowded branches, and timely renew the over-long and over-thick branches. As the tree age increases and the number of branches grows, pay attention to thinning out the upright and overgrown branches and the densely growing branches to maintain a reasonable distribution of the tree shape and avoid branch crossing and overlapping. For some overgrown branches, use methods such as twisting the shoots to change their growth angles and control their growth potential. Thin out the overcrowded branches to keep the inside of the tree crown ventilated and illuminated, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Renew the over-long and over-thick branches to keep the tree body healthy and vigorous.

[0049] Purpose and effect of pruning: Balance the tree vigor: By measures such as branch pulling and short cutting, keep the central trunk upright and strong, and the main branches gradually weaken from bottom to top, forming a tree shape with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Promote flower bud formation: Branch pulling and opening the angle can relieve the growth potential of branches, which is beneficial to flower bud formation and improve the yield and quality of pear trees. Through these pruning measures, the spindle-shaped tree body of pear trees can maintain a good tree shape structure and promote the healthy growth and high yield of pear trees.

[0050] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] The production processes, experimental methods or detection methods involved in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods in the prior art without special instructions, and their names and / or abbreviations are all conventional names in the field, which are very clear and definite in the relevant application fields. Those skilled in the art can understand the conventional process steps according to the names and apply the corresponding equipment, and implement them under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0052] There are no special restrictions on the sources of various instruments, equipment, raw materials or reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention. They are all conventional products that can be obtained through regular commercial channels, and can also be prepared according to the conventional methods well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0053] Example 1: Shed frame construction

[0054] (1) Column placement

[0055] The plan view of the shed frame column erection is as Figure 1As shown in the figure. Corner columns are placed at the four corners of the block, and perimeter columns are set every 4 m on the vertical connection lines of the corner columns. The corner columns and perimeter columns are obliquely inserted into the soil from the inside out at an angle of about 60° with the ground. Two ground anchors are buried outside each corner column, and one ground anchor is buried outside each perimeter column. The ground anchors are buried about 100 cm deep, and are pulled by φ10 mm threaded steel bars. The upper ends of the threaded steel bars are bent into hooks and exposed 5 cm - 10 cm above the ground. In the main wind direction, to strengthen the shed body, support columns can be buried outside. The support columns are slightly lower and form a triangular support with the corner columns and perimeter columns. Columns are placed at the intersection points of the perpendicular lines of the perimeter columns, and the columns are arranged in a "pin" shape with a horizontal spacing of 4 m or 8 m. The columns used for construction are 10 cm square cement columns. When burying, keep the vertical height of the above-ground parts of the corner columns, perimeter columns and columns at 2.8 m - 3.0 m, and the underground parts are buried about 50 cm deep. When burying, large stones are placed under the column bottoms to slow down the settlement of the column bodies. The schematic elevation view of the shed frame is as shown in Figure 2-3 shown, 1 auxiliary wire, 2 ground anchor, 3 perimeter column, 4 load-bearing stone, 5 shed surface wire, 6 column, 7 ground, 8 support column.

[0056] (2) Shed surface structure

[0057] The shed surface is framed by weaving φ3 mm steel wires vertically and horizontally in a criss-cross pattern from top to bottom, and the shed surface grid size is 4 m × 4 m. As shown in Figure 4-5 shown, to prevent the steel wire from sliding, a 1 cm square cross-groove is cut at the top of the cement column for placing the steel wire, and holes are drilled and tied across the steel wire about 10 cm above the top of the cement column to fix the shed surface. The two ends of the longitudinal and transverse wires of the shed surface pass through the top grooves of the corner columns or perimeter columns, and after twisting and combining with the auxiliary wires at the upper ends of the columns, they are connected to the ground anchor hooks and tightened with a wire tightener to tighten the shed surface. After the shed surface structure is completed, the top of the cement column is wrapped with a piece of cloth to prevent the anti-bird net from being damaged by wind and other frictions after covering.

[0058] (3) Wind prevention and branch pulling erection

[0059] As shown in Figure 6-7 shown, horizontal wooden strips with lengths of 120 cm and 80 cm are respectively set at 1.0 m and 1.5 m above the ground on the columns. Grooves are opened at both ends of the wooden strips, and two steel wires are pulled along the tree row direction for pulling and fixing the lateral branches of the main trunk tree shape. Holes are drilled at 2.0 m above the columns, and a steel wire is also pulled parallel to the tree row direction to tie the tree trunk to slow down the swaying of the tree body caused by strong winds. The schematic diagram of the steel wire pulling is as shown in Figure 7 shown.

[0060] (4) Anti-bird net laying

[0061] The anti-bird net should be selected as colored wire meshes such as blue and green, and the mesh size is preferably 2.5 - 3.0 cm × 2.5 - 3.0 cm. The sky net is laid flat on the shed surface and supported by the shed surface. The side net and the sky net are closely connected to cover the entire pear orchard in the net.

[0062] Cultivation Method of Pear in Central Leader Shape for Example 2

[0063] (1) Site Selection

[0064] Select flat land with good ecological environment, sufficient sunlight, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep and fertile soil layer, pH value of 5.5 - 7.0, organic matter content above 1%, salt content below 1‰, groundwater level below 1.0 m, and convenient transportation.

[0065] (2) Variety Selection

[0066] Select Cuiyu, Xinyu, etc. with excellent comprehensive traits, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, and medium or slightly strong tree vigor as the main cultivars. Select pollination cultivars with strong affinity, similar flowering periods, large pollen amounts, high pollen germination rates, high quality and high yields and economic benefits. The ratio of pollination to main cultivars is 1:2 - 4.

[0067] (3) Seedling Selection

[0068] The requirements for planting pear seedlings are one-year grafted seedlings that are robust in growth, have plump buds and branches, well-developed roots, and no diseases or pests.

[0069] (4) Land Preparation and Planting

[0070] Before planting, turn the soil to a depth of 40 cm - 60 cm and bury crushed straw or fruit branches. Then, dig drainage ditches along the row direction, with the ditch width of 60 cm - 80 cm and depth of 50 cm - 60 cm, and level the ridge surface. As Figure 8 shown, for facilitating the entry of machinery into the garden, adopt the "one-row-one-gutter offset planting" or "two-rows-one-gutter offset planting" mode, dig holes for planting from late November after defoliation to early February of the next year, with the plant spacing of 1.5 m - 2.0 m and row spacing of 3.5 m - 4.0 m, and plant 83 - 127 plants per 667 m 2 When planting, apply 10 kg - 15 kg of sheep manure per hole as the base fertilizer.

[0071] (5) Central Leader Cultivation

[0072] To reduce the root-shoot ratio and promote the growth of roots and the central leader, after planting, short-cut the central leader, with the short-cut height of 40 cm - 50 cm, and leave 1 - 2 plump buds below the cut for sprouting new shoots. When the new shoots grow to 15 cm - 20 cm, select 1 upright branch with strong growth potential as the central leader, tie and support it with a bamboo pole to guide its upright growth. Control the growth of the remaining branches through methods such as propping and pinching, especially the competing branches of the new shoots below the cut, and use toothpicks to prop the branches to open the angle above 80° to weaken their apical dominance. In the first year after planting, try to make the height of the central leader reach more than 2.5 m, and retain 3 - 4 lateral branches at the base as auxiliary branches to increase the photosynthetic area and stabilize the tree body.

[0073] In the second year, for pear trees with a tree height of less than 2.5 m, short cut the extended branch of the central trunk at the plump bud to promote growth. For pear trees with a height exceeding 2.5 m, slow down the growth of the extended branch of the central trunk. If the central trunk is too weak, appropriately thin out the lower branches to maintain the dominance of the central trunk; if it is too strong, replace the tip with a weak branch or try to make it bear fruit to control the growth by the fruit, so as to balance the upper and lower parts of the tree crown. When the height of the main trunk exceeds the target height by 80 cm - 100 cm, tie a plastic rope and pull it downward to suppress the tip, and fix the lateral branches of the main trunk on the steel wire of the shed frame column to weaken the growth of the main trunk. When suppressing the tip, to keep the branch tip upward, the pulling angle should be less than 90°, and control the tree height at 2.6 m - 2.8 m after suppressing the tip. The appropriate time for suppressing the tip is from August to September. When the growth potential of the top tip is weak, select the stronger branch on the tip and cut it back and replace the tip. If the replaced branch is very upright, continue to tie a plastic rope and pull it downward to suppress the tip.

[0074] (6) Cultivation of fruiting branches

[0075] In February - March of the second year when the willows sprout, conduct bud carving on all buds above 60 cm from the bottom of the main trunk and below 30 cm from the top with a hacksaw blade. The position of bud carving is 0.5 cm - 1.0 cm above the bud, carving deeply to reach the xylem, and the carving width is 1 / 2 of the thickness of the main trunk.

[0076] When the newly promoted branch grows to 15 cm - 20 cm, use a toothpick with two pointed ends to support the branch and open it, and the angle should be preferably 70° - 80°. When the branch is semi-lignified, if it is too upright and strong and cannot be supported by a toothpick, the tree vigor can be alleviated by twisting the branch, or a special branch pulling device can be used for branch direction regulation. Generally, the branch can be fixed in about 20 days during the growth season. After the branch is fixed, the branch pulling device needs to be removed in time to prevent the branch pulling device from embedding in the tree body and affecting growth.

[0077] In the third year, continue to conduct bud carving and branch pulling on the bare or branchless parts of the main trunk, and timely thin out strong and competitive branches, water sprouts, and overcrowded branches during pruning, and wipe out the upright branches on the back of the fruiting branches. If the growth of each fruiting branch is unbalanced, it is necessary to suppress the strong and support the weak. For strong and vigorous branches, increase the branch pulling angle; for weak branches, mainly raise the angle, appropriately short cut, and prune to leave the upper branch and upper bud to enhance the growth potential. Timely wipe out all the newly sprouted shoots below 50 cm of the central trunk of the pear tree to promote the growth of the fruiting branches. Generally, an ideal tree shape can be formed through 2 - 3 years of shaping, that is, 15 - 20 fruiting branches are formed on the main trunk, extending in a single axis, with a branch spacing of about 20 cm, and the distance between two branches in the same direction is greater than 40 cm. The branches are arranged in a spiral shape, gradually weakening from bottom to top, forming a pagoda shape with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part, as Figure 9 shown.

[0078] (7) Branch renewal

[0079] The pruning of the spindle-shaped pear tree should follow the principles of simplicity and high efficiency, mainly featuring long-term release of young branches, removal of overcrowded branches, and timely renewal of overly long and thick branches. After entering the full fruiting period, overly large and long fruiting branches at the lower part of the crown, especially those with a thickness exceeding 1 / 3 of the central trunk, should be promptly removed and renewed to avoid disturbing the tree vigor and damaging the tree structure. For those with reserved renewal branches at the base, cut them off in a timely manner for renewal; for competing branches without reserved renewal branches, they can be retracted to the base of the branch with a horseshoe-shaped cut, ensuring that the cut does not damage the central trunk, and the intercepted length is 1.0 cm - 1.5 cm; for larger branches with space, they can be twisted first, and then retracted and pruned after new branches emerge. Alternatively, the latent buds on the trunk can be notched to re-germinate and sprout branches to form fruiting branches.

[0080] Example 3 Comparison of Two Treatments for the Top Shoots of Pear Trees

[0081] During the cultivation of the spindle shape, there are currently two treatment methods for the top shoots:

[0082] 1. Truncation and renewal: During winter pruning, according to the tree vigor, retract the top shoot of the main trunk to control the tree height within the range of 2.6 m - 2.8 m. For pear trees with relatively strong growth, appropriately let it grow, with slight topping; for those with relatively weak growth vigor, conduct appropriate heavy pruning to promote the germination of new trunks. In June - July of the following year, select strong branches as the renewal branches of the main trunk, and pull the remaining sprouted branches to transform them into fruiting branches or prune them off. Retracting and renewing the main trunk is likely to sprout multiple main trunks, increasing the nutrient consumption of the tree in vegetative growth. Moreover, due to apical dominance, it is likely to cause the top branches to grow too strongly, which is not conducive to the cultivation of the tree shape.

[0083] 2. Pulling down and pressing the shoot: When the height of the cultivated main trunk exceeds the target height by more than 80 cm, use a plastic rope to tie the position slightly above the top of the main trunk and pull it down northward to press the shoot. When pressing the shoot, the pulling angle should be less than 90°, maintaining the overall upward trend of the shoot tip, and avoiding pressing the shoot too low to lose the apical growth potential, thus causing the main trunk to grow too weakly. During winter pruning, if the top shoot grows too weakly or the pressed shoot is too long, select the branch with stronger growth vigor on the pressed shoot for head replacement.

[0084] For the two treatment methods of the spindle shape, compared with the pulling-down and pressing-shoot method, the retraction and renewal method has two disadvantages. First, more new branches sprout at the top. Due to the polarity of pear tree branches, it is easy to form multiple main shoots with overly strong growth potential, increasing the nutrient consumption of the tree in vegetative growth. Moreover, these overly strong main shoots are often removed during pruning, which is equivalent to consuming useless nutrients. Second, for retraction and renewal, a relatively large cut is formed on the main trunk of the tree, which is likely to trigger trunk diseases. The investigation data of the two top-shoot treatment methods are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1 Investigation Data of Two Top-Shoot Treatments

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] As can be seen from Table 1, the amount of cut sprouting branches after the top shoot is pressed down is zero, which indicates that the operation of pressing down the top shoot can significantly reduce the generation of lateral branches, thereby reducing the nutrient consumption of the vegetative growth of the tree body.

[0089] Although the above embodiments have made a detailed description of the present invention, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating trunk-shaped pear trees using wind-resistant and bird-proof trellises, characterized in that: The wind-resistant and bird-proof shed comprises upright posts (6), surrounding posts (3), corner posts and a shed surface; steel wires are respectively pulled at positions (9), (10) and (11) of the upright posts (6) at a distance from the ground, and the steel wires are transverse to the direction of the tree rows.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for cultivating the trunk-shaped pear tree comprises the processes of site selection, seedling and variety selection, land preparation and planting, trunk cultivation, fruiting branch cultivation and branch renewal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shed surface is composed of steel wires passing through corner columns, surrounding columns (3) and the tops of upright columns (6); the shed surface in the wind-resistant and bird-proof shed is a bird-proof net, and the bird-proof net is a net that is later covered on the shed surface.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Corner columns in the wind-resistant and bird-proof shed are placed at the four corners of the pear garden area, surrounding columns are arranged on the vertical lines of the corner columns around the pear garden, and vertical columns (6) are placed at the intersection of the vertical lines of the surrounding columns inside the pear garden. The ends of the longitudinal and transverse lines of the shed surface pass through the corner columns or the tops of the surrounding columns.

5. The method for cultivating the trunk-shaped pear tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Site selection: Choose flat land with a pH value of 5.5-7.0, an organic matter content of more than 1%, a salt content of less than 1‰, and a groundwater level of less than 1.0m; (2) Selection of seedlings and varieties: Choose two or more varieties, including the main variety and the pollination variety; choose grafted seedlings of the same year or one-year-old seedlings; (3) Land preparation and planting: Before planting, turn the soil, dig drainage ditches, level the bed surface, and dig holes for planting; (4) Trunk cultivation: After planting, the trunk is shortened, the central trunk is cultivated and supported; the height of the pear tree is controlled to 2.6m to 2.8m in the second year; (5) Fruiting branch cultivation: When the willow tree sprouts in February or March of the second year, all buds above 60 cm from the bottom of the trunk and below 30 cm from the top are cut; when the new branches are 15 cm to 20 cm long, the branches are propped open at an angle of 70° to 80°; in the third year, additional bud cutting, branch pulling and pruning are performed on the bare parts of the trunk; (6) Branch renewal: Prune the main trunk of the pear tree and leave young branches, remove dense branches, and promptly shorten overly long branches and replace overly thick branches.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (2), the planting ratio of the pollination variety to the main planting variety is 1:2-4.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (3), the soil is turned to a depth of 40 cm to 60 cm, crushed straw or fruit branches are buried, and a drainage ditch is 60 cm to 80 cm wide and 50 cm to 60 cm deep. The "1 row 1 ditch and side ditch planting" or "2 rows 1 ditch and side ditch planting" mode is adopted, and the holes are dug for planting, with a plant spacing of 1.5 m to 2.0 m, a row spacing of 3.5 m to 4.0 m, and a spacing of 667 m. 2 Plant 83 to 127 plants and apply 10 to 15 kg of sheep manure as base fertilizer to each hole during planting.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step (4) further comprises: after planting, pruning the trunk to a height of 40 cm to 50 cm, leaving 1 to 2 full buds below the cut for sprouting new shoots, and when the new shoots grow to 15 cm to 20 cm, selecting an upright branch with strong growth potential as the central trunk; In the second year, the tree height should be controlled at 2.6m to 2.8m; For trees less than 2.5m in height, the central trunk extension branches are pruned to promote growth; The growth of the branches extending from the central trunk that are over 2.5m slows down; When the target height is exceeded by 80 cm to 100 cm, the top is pulled down and the side branches are fixed on the steel wire of claim 1, and the pulling angle is less than 90°; When the growth of the top shoot is weak, the branches with stronger growth on the top should be pruned back to replace the top; when the replaced branches are strongly upright, pull them down again to press them down.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (5), the bud carving position is 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm above the bud, the carving depth reaches the wood part, and the carving width is 1 / 2 of the trunk thickness.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (6), fruiting branches whose thickness exceeds 1 / 3 of the central trunk should be removed and renewed in a timely manner.

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