Mushroom culture device and mushroom culture method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and discloses a mushroom cultivation device and a mushroom cultivation method. According to the mushroom culture device provided by the invention, the inoculation surface of the culture medium is flattened, so that hyphae can be uniformly distributed on the inoculation surface, and mushroom feet are ensured to uniformly grow in the transverse direction rather than in the single longitudinal direction, so that the lengths of the mushroom feet can be effectively shortened and are uniform; furthermore, the thallus cutting amount during dried mushroom production can be obviously reduced, the loss of raw materials is reduced, and the production cost is saved; meanwhile, a plurality of atomized water vapor pipes and carbon dioxide pipes are alternately arranged right above the culture shelf in parallel, and the ventilation mode of carbon dioxide is adjusted to be top vertical ventilation from traditional side ventilation, so that the problem that more ventilation is performed on one side of the mushrooms and less ventilation is performed on the other side of the mushrooms is avoided, and all the mushrooms can uniformly absorb carbon dioxide from the top; and the growth rhythms of all mushrooms are ensured to be the same or similar, so that mushrooms which grow uniformly and have small morphological difference can be cultivated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a mushroom cultivation device and a mushroom cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] In the process of using mushrooms to produce dried mushrooms, there are relatively high requirements for the morphological consistency of mushrooms. However, the mushrooms cultivated by the existing technology have problems such as uneven lengths of mushroom feet, large differences in the lengths of mushroom stalks, and inconsistent thicknesses. Uneven lengths of mushroom feet require more mushroom bodies to be cut off during the production of dried mushrooms, resulting in greater raw material loss and higher production costs; while large differences in the lengths and inconsistent thicknesses of mushroom stalks lead to poor appearance of dried mushroom products. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation device and a mushroom cultivation method to solve the problems of uneven lengths of mushroom feet, large differences in the lengths of mushroom stalks, and inconsistent thicknesses existing in the mushrooms cultivated by the related technology.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation device, including a cultivation chamber, a cultivation rack is arranged in the cultivation chamber, a culture medium is arranged in the cultivation rack, and the inoculation surface of the culture medium is subjected to a leveling treatment;

[0005] Above the cultivation rack, a plurality of exhaust pipes are arranged in parallel, the exhaust pipes include an atomized water vapor pipe and a carbon dioxide pipe, and the atomized water vapor pipe and the carbon dioxide pipe are arranged alternately.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the leveling treatment includes ironing with a high-temperature iron plate.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the distance between any two adjacent exhaust pipes is 60 - 80 cm.

[0008] And / or, atomized water vapor outlet holes are arranged on the atomized water vapor pipe every 20 - 30 cm;

[0009] And / or, carbon dioxide outlet holes are arranged on the carbon dioxide pipe every 20 - 30 cm.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the mushroom cultivation device further includes a carbon dioxide generation unit, and the carbon dioxide generation unit includes a first power supply, a carbon dioxide generator, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a first automatic control valve;

[0011] The carbon dioxide generator is electrically connected to the first power supply;

[0012] The air inlet of the first automatic control valve is communicated with the air outlet of the carbon dioxide generator, and the air outlet of the first automatic control valve is communicated with the carbon dioxide pipe;

[0013] The carbon dioxide sensor is electrically connected to the first automatic control valve and is configured to detect the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture chamber.

[0014] In an alternative embodiment, the mushroom cultivation device further includes an atomized water vapor generation unit, and the atomized water vapor generation unit includes a second power source, an atomizer, a hygrometer and a second automatic control valve;

[0015] The atomizer is electrically connected to the second power source;

[0016] The air inlet of the second automatic control valve is communicated with the air outlet of the atomizer, and the air outlet of the second automatic control valve is communicated with the atomized water vapor pipe;

[0017] The hygrometer is electrically connected to the second automatic control valve and is configured to detect the humidity in the culture chamber.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating mushrooms, including the following steps:

[0019] (1) Level the inoculation surface of the culture medium, and then inoculate the mushroom liquid spawn on the leveled inoculation surface;

[0020] (2) Perform spawn-running cultivation on the inoculated culture medium;

[0021] (3) After the spawn-running cultivation is completed, perform primordium induction cultivation;

[0022] (4) After the primordium induction cultivation is completed, perform fruiting cultivation;

[0023] Wherein, during the spawn-running cultivation, the primordium induction cultivation and the fruiting cultivation, a plurality of exhaust pipes arranged in parallel directly above the culture rack are used to provide carbon dioxide and atomized water vapor; the exhaust pipes include an atomized water vapor pipe and a carbon dioxide pipe, and the atomized water vapor pipe and the carbon dioxide pipe are arranged alternately.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, in step (1), the leveling treatment includes ironing with a high-temperature iron plate.

[0025] In an alternative embodiment, by mass percentage, the culture medium includes:

[0026] Fermented miscellaneous wood chips 45-55%, corn cob 15-20%, wheat bran 15-20%, rice bran 8-12%, corn flour 2-3%, humic acid 0.3-0.5% and lime 0.3-0.5%.

[0027] Among them, the sawdust used to make the mixed sawdust fermentation material cannot be the sawdust of aromatic tree species such as pine, fir, camphor, etc. Generally, beech sawdust is better. The sawdust is piled up and fermented for 3 months, with a PH of 5.5-6.5 and a humidity of about 65%.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, in step (1), before the leveling treatment, the culture medium is first mixed with water to achieve a moisture content of 60-65%.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, in step (2), the conditions for the culturing of the bacteria include: dark culturing, a temperature of 24-26° C., a relative humidity of 65-75%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 3000-3200 ppm, and a culturing time of 45-60 days;

[0030] And / or, in step (3), the conditions for the bud-inducing culture include: a light intensity of 300 to 500 lx, a light exposure of 10 to 12 hours per day, a temperature of 16 to 22° C., a relative humidity of 90 to 95%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 2500 to 3000 ppm, and a culture time of 6 to 7 days;

[0031] And / or, in step (4), the conditions for fruiting culture include: light intensity of 300-400 lx, 8-10 hours of light per day, and after the mushroom stem grows to about 6 cm, the light intensity is adjusted to 600-800 lx; ​​temperature is 15-18°C, relative humidity is 90-95%, carbon dioxide concentration is 2000-2500 ppm, and the fruiting time is 90-120 days.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) In the mushroom culture device provided by the present invention, the inoculation surface of the culture medium is flattened, so that the mycelium can be evenly distributed on the inoculation surface, ensuring that the mushroom legs grow evenly in the horizontal direction rather than in the vertical direction, which can effectively shorten the length of the mushroom legs and make the length of the mushroom legs uniform, thereby significantly reducing the amount of mushroom body removal during the production of dried mushrooms, reducing the loss of raw materials, and saving production costs;

[0034] At the same time, a plurality of atomizing water vapor pipes and carbon dioxide pipes are alternately arranged in parallel just above the culture rack, and the ventilation mode of carbon dioxide is adjusted from traditional side ventilation to top vertical ventilation, thereby avoiding the problem of more ventilation on one side of the mushrooms and less ventilation on the other side. All mushrooms can absorb carbon dioxide evenly from the top, ensuring that the growth rhythm of all mushrooms is the same or similar, which is conducive to the cultivation of mushrooms with uniform growth and smaller morphological differences.

[0035] (2) The mushroom cultivation method provided by the present invention first smoothes the inoculation surface of the culture medium before inoculation, so that the mycelium can be evenly distributed on the inoculation surface, ensuring that the mushroom legs grow evenly in the horizontal direction rather than in the vertical direction, which can effectively shorten the length of the mushroom legs and make the length of the mushroom legs uniform, thereby significantly reducing the amount of mushroom body removal during the production of dried mushrooms, reducing the loss of raw materials, and saving production costs;

[0036] At the same time, during the processes of spawn culture, bud-inducing culture and mushroom fruiting culture, multiple exhaust pipes arranged in parallel just above the culture rack are used to provide carbon dioxide and atomized water vapor, and the ventilation mode of carbon dioxide is adjusted from traditional side ventilation to top vertical ventilation, thereby avoiding the problem of more ventilation on one side of the mushrooms and less ventilation on the other side, so that all the mushrooms can evenly absorb carbon dioxide from the top, ensuring that the growth rhythm of all the mushrooms is the same or similar, which is conducive to the cultivation of mushrooms with uniform growth and smaller morphological differences.

[0037] (3) In the mushroom culture device and mushroom culture method provided by the present invention, the culture medium is treated by ironing with a high-temperature iron plate. On the one hand, the high-temperature iron plate has a good ironing effect. On the other hand, the high-temperature iron plate is easy to operate in a sterile environment and can avoid the introduction of miscellaneous bacteria. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mushroom culture device provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Culture chamber; 2. Exhaust pipe; 3. Carbon dioxide generating unit; 4. Atomized water vapor generating unit; 201. Atomized water vapor pipe; 202. Carbon dioxide pipe; 301. First power supply; 302. Carbon dioxide generator; 303. Carbon dioxide sensor; 304. First automatic control valve; 401. Second power supply; 402. Atomizer; 403. Hygrometer; 404. Second automatic control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention further. They are not limited to the best mode described, and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with those of other prior arts falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] For those embodiments where specific experimental steps or conditions are not indicated, the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field can be followed. For reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not indicated, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] This embodiment provides a mushroom cultivation device.

[0047] As Figure 1 (Top view) shown, the mushroom cultivation device of this embodiment includes a cultivation chamber 1, an exhaust pipe 2, a carbon dioxide generation unit 3, and an atomized water vapor generation unit 4.

[0048] A cultivation rack (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the cultivation chamber 1, and a culture medium is arranged in the cultivation rack. The inoculation surface of the culture medium is smoothed by a high-temperature iron plate.

[0049] Multiple exhaust pipes 2 are arranged in parallel directly above the cultivation rack. The exhaust pipe 2 includes an atomized water vapor pipe 201 and a carbon dioxide pipe 202, and the atomized water vapor pipe 201 and the carbon dioxide pipe 202 are arranged alternately. The distance between any two adjacent exhaust pipes 2 is 80 cm. Atomized water vapor outlet holes are arranged on the atomized water vapor pipe 201 every 30 cm; carbon dioxide outlet holes are arranged on the carbon dioxide pipe 202 every 30 cm.

[0050] The carbon dioxide generation unit 3 includes a first power supply 301, a carbon dioxide generator 302, a carbon dioxide sensor 303, and a first automatic control valve 304. The carbon dioxide generator 302 is electrically connected to the first power supply 301. The air inlet of the first automatic control valve 304 is communicated with the air outlet of the carbon dioxide generator 302, and the air outlet of the first automatic control valve 304 is communicated with the carbon dioxide pipe 202. The carbon dioxide sensor 303 is electrically connected to the first automatic control valve 304 and is arranged to detect the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation chamber 1. When the carbon dioxide sensor 303 detects that the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation chamber 1 is lower than a preset value, the first automatic control valve 304 can be opened to supplement carbon dioxide into the cultivation chamber 1.

[0051] The atomized water vapor generating unit 4 includes a second power supply 401, an atomizer 402, a hygrometer 403, and a second automatic control valve 404. The atomizer 402 is electrically connected to the second power supply 401. The air inlet of the second automatic control valve 404 is communicated with the air outlet of the atomizer 402, and the air outlet of the second automatic control valve 404 is communicated with the atomized water vapor pipe 201. The hygrometer 403 is electrically connected to the second automatic control valve 404 and is configured to detect the humidity in the culture chamber 1. When the hygrometer 403 detects that the humidity in the culture chamber 1 is lower than a preset value, the second automatic control valve 404 can be opened to supplement atomized water vapor into the culture chamber 1.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Using the mushroom cultivation device provided in Example 1, mushroom cultivation is carried out according to the following method:

[0054] 1. Culture medium:

[0055] Fermented miscellaneous sawdust 50wt%, corncob 18wt%, wheat bran 16wt%, rice bran 12wt%, corn flour 3wt%, humic acid 0.5wt%, lime 0.5wt%.

[0056] 2. Mixing and bagging:

[0057] Mix the above culture medium with water in proportion, control the water content to 60 - 65%, and pack it into culture bags, about 1 kg per bag.

[0058] 3. Sterilization:

[0059] Sterilize the bagged culture medium at 121°C for about 3 h, then cool it to about 22°C and transfer it to the inoculation room for standby.

[0060] 4. Inoculation:

[0061] After disinfecting the inoculation room, first use a high-temperature iron plate to flatten the inoculation surface of the culture medium to be inoculated in the culture bag, and then inoculate about 30 mL of liquid antler mushroom spawn covered with mycelium onto the flattened inoculation surface.

[0062] 5. Spawn-running culture:

[0063] After inoculation, transfer the culture bags to a clean culture room, place them on the bed frame, and conduct dark culture with the temperature controlled at 24°C - 26°C; meanwhile, use the exhaust pipes arranged in parallel and alternately directly above the culture bags (or the bed frame) to control the relative air humidity in the culture room to 65% - 75% and the carbon dioxide concentration to about 3000 ppm; culture for 45 d - 60 d. During the culture process, check once every 5 d, and promptly pick out the culture bags contaminated with miscellaneous bacteria, and sterilize and inoculate them again.

[0064] 6. Primordium induction culture:

[0065] After the mycelium has fully grown in the cultivation bag for 25 to 30 days, timely rake the surface of the mycelium, and then move the entire frame of the cultivation bag into a clean fruiting area for primordium induction. The temperature in the fruiting area is maintained at 16°C to 22°C; at the same time, use the exhaust pipes arranged in parallel and alternately directly above the cultivation rack to control the relative air humidity at 95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at about 2500 ppm; the light intensity is 300 lx to 500 lx, irradiating for about 10 hours every day, and the primordium induction time is maintained for about 6 days until the primordia cover more than 2 / 3 of the surface of the substrate, and then carry out fruiting cultivation.

[0066] 7. Fruiting cultivation:

[0067] The temperature in the fruiting room is maintained at 15°C to 18°C; at the same time, use the exhaust pipes arranged in parallel and alternately directly above the cultivation rack to control the relative air humidity in the fruiting room at 90% to 95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 2000 ppm to 2500 ppm; the light intensity is maintained at 300 lx to 400 lx, irradiating for 8 to 10 hours every day, alternating between light and dark. When the mushroom stalk grows to about 6 cm, the light intensity is increased to 600 lx to 800 lx until the mushroom stalk grows to 10 cm.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Carry out mushroom cultivation according to the method of Example 2. The difference is that in step 4 of this example, the liquid mushroom spawn is replaced with the liquid spawn of Agrocybe aegerita.

[0070] Comparative example

[0071] Carry out mushroom cultivation according to the method of Example 2. The difference is that in this comparative example, during the spawn-running cultivation, primordium induction cultivation and fruiting cultivation, the ventilation method of carbon dioxide and atomized water vapor is adjusted from vertical ventilation at the top to side ventilation.

[0072] Test example

[0073] For the mushrooms cultivated in Example 2, Example 3 and the comparative example, randomly select 100 strains respectively, and use a vernier caliper to measure and count the mushroom stalk length, mushroom stalk diameter and mushroom foot length of each mushroom body, and at the same time calculate the average mushroom stalk length, average mushroom stalk diameter and average mushroom foot length respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Statistical results of mushroom morphology

[0075]

[0076] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or alterations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or alterations derived therefrom still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mushroom cultivation device, characterized in that: It comprises a culture chamber, wherein a culture rack is arranged in the culture chamber, a culture medium is arranged in the culture rack, and the inoculation surface of the culture medium is flattened; A plurality of exhaust pipes are arranged in parallel directly above the culture rack, wherein the exhaust pipes include atomized water vapor pipes and carbon dioxide pipes, and the atomized water vapor pipes and the carbon dioxide pipes are arranged alternately.

2. The mushroom cultivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flattening treatment includes ironing treatment using a high-temperature iron plate.

3. The mushroom cultivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between any two adjacent exhaust pipes is 60 to 80 cm. And / or, the atomizing water vapor pipe is provided with atomizing water vapor outlet holes every 20 to 30 cm; And / or, the carbon dioxide pipe is provided with carbon dioxide outlet holes every 20 to 30 cm.

4. The mushroom cultivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom culture device also includes a carbon dioxide generating unit, which includes a first power supply, a carbon dioxide generator, a carbon dioxide sensor and a first automatic control valve; The carbon dioxide generator is electrically connected to the first power source; The air inlet of the first automatic control valve is communicated with the air outlet of the carbon dioxide generator, and the air outlet of the first automatic control valve is communicated with the carbon dioxide pipe; The carbon dioxide sensor is electrically connected to the first automatic control valve and is configured to detect the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture chamber.

5. The mushroom cultivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom cultivation device further comprises an atomized water vapor generating unit, wherein the atomized water vapor generating unit comprises a second power supply, an atomizer, a hygrometer, and a second automatic control valve; The atomizer is electrically connected to the second power supply; The air inlet of the second automatic control valve is communicated with the air outlet of the atomizer, and the air outlet of the second automatic control valve is communicated with the atomizing water vapor pipe; The hygrometer is electrically connected to the second automatic control valve and is configured to detect the humidity in the culture chamber.

6. A mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) leveling the inoculation surface of the culture medium, and then inoculating liquid mushroom spawn onto the leveled inoculation surface; (2) culturing the inoculated culture medium; (3) After the spawn culture is completed, bud induction culture is carried out; (4) After the budding culture is completed, the mushroom production culture is carried out; Among them, during the process of the spawn culture, the bud-inducing culture and the mushroom fruiting culture, multiple exhaust pipes arranged in parallel just above the culture rack are used to provide carbon dioxide and atomized water vapor; the exhaust pipes include atomized water vapor pipes and carbon dioxide pipes, and the atomized water vapor pipes and the carbon dioxide pipes are alternately arranged.

7. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (1), the flattening treatment includes ironing using a high-temperature iron plate.

8. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the culture medium comprises: 45-55% fermented sawdust, 15-20% corn cobs, 15-20% wheat bran, 8-12% rice bran, 2-3% corn flour, 0.3-0.5% humic acid and 0.3-0.5% lime.

9. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (1), before the leveling treatment is performed, the culture medium is first mixed with water to make the moisture content be 60-65%.

10. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the conditions for the culturing of the bacteria include: dark culturing, a temperature of 24-26° C., a relative humidity of 65-75%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 3000-3200 ppm, and a culturing time of 45-60 days; And / or, in step (3), the conditions for the bud-inducing culture include: a light intensity of 300 to 500 lx, a light exposure of 10 to 12 hours per day, a temperature of 16 to 22° C., a relative humidity of 90 to 95%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 2500 to 3000 ppm, and a culture time of 6 to 7 days; And / or, in step (4), the conditions for fruiting culture include: light intensity of 300-400 lx, 8-10 hours of light per day, and after the mushroom stem grows to about 6 cm, the light intensity is adjusted to 600-800 lx; ​​temperature is 15-18°C, relative humidity is 90-95%, carbon dioxide concentration is 2000-2500 ppm, and the fruiting time is 90-120 days.

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