Dense-hole type vascular cannula

Abstract

The invention discloses a dense hole type blood vessel cannula. The cannula comprises a cannula body, a cannula main guide hole, a special-shaped drainage hole composed of a round hole and an anti-blocking hole, a main drainage groove and a drainage groove. By the adoption of the structure, when equipment such as ECMO is used for drainage operation, the phenomenon that a drainage hole is blocked by a vascular intima, namely, the wall adherence phenomenon occurs can be effectively avoided, and then the following problems are fundamentally avoided: 1, due to sudden drop of drainage amount, the treatment effect is reduced or even interrupted, and the life of a patient is endangered; 2, as the drainage hole is blocked by the endovascular intima, the endovascular intima is injured due to the high pressure difference between intravascular equipment and extracorporeal equipment; 3, thrombus generated by injury of endangium endangers the life of a patient; meanwhile, the blood drainage efficiency is greatly improved, and operation is easy and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intubation of medical devices such as ECMO, and relates to a microporous vascular intubation tube. Background Art

[0002] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important treatment method for supporting the respiration and circulation of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure through an extracorporeal circulation device, and is a top technology representing the level of critical care emergency. With the wide use of ECMO devices, the currently used intubation tubes often encounter the situation that the vascular intima closely adheres to the drainage holes of the intubation tube during blood drainage. Under the action of drainage negative pressure, it causes congestion and damage to the vascular intima, and is extremely likely to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient. Once the phenomenon of the vascular intima adhering to the drainage holes of the ECMO intubation tube occurs during the treatment process, it hinders the ECMO device from extracting the blood volume in the blood vessel, resulting in a significant decrease in the extracorporeal circulation flow rate, leading to the interruption of treatment and even affecting the life of the patient. In addition, due to the relatively thin wall thickness of the intubation tube, some damage will also be caused to the blood vessel wall during the insertion operation.

[0003] Figure 1 Fig. is a schematic structural diagram of the existing intubation tube. The right side in the figure is the main guiding hole for blood drainage of the intubation tube. The drainage holes are arranged in sequence from the main guiding hole of the intubation tube to the left. Currently, the drainage holes of the intubation tube are basically 4 drainage holes orthogonally arranged at equal intervals on the outer wall cross-section position of the intubation tube. There is no height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation tube and they have the same thickness as the tube wall of the intubation tube. The outer wall of the intubation tube between the drainage holes is smooth. Therefore, during large blood drainage volume, the vascular intima will cause the blood vessel wall to radially contract inward under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation tube, increasing the probability of the occurrence of the wall adhesion effect. Also, due to the lack of height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation tube, during large blood drainage volume, the vascular intima will closely adhere to the outer wall of the intubation tube to form a wall adhesion phenomenon under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation tube. At this time, the drainage holes will be blocked by the vascular intima. Since there is no height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation tube and they have the same thickness as the tube wall of the intubation tube, when the wall adhesion effect occurs, the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes will fill into the drainage holes under the action of pressure. The tube wall of the drainage hole is relatively thin and will cut the vascular intima when being filled by the vascular intima, causing damage. The damaged vascular intima is prone to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient.

[0004] How to optimize the structure, distribution of the drainage holes of the intubation tube of devices such as ECMO and the design of the outer wall structure of the intubation tube, improve the drainage efficiency and avoid the phenomenon of vascular intima wall adhesion, and fundamentally avoid the occurrence of blood drainage obstruction, vascular intima damage and thrombus formation has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the use of intubation tube drainage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a microporous vascular intubation tube that can effectively avoid the phenomenon of vascular intima wall adhesion, fundamentally avoid blood drainage obstruction, vascular intima damage and thrombus formation, and can improve the blood drainage efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The intubation tube includes a tube body 14. One end of the tube body 14 is provided with a main guiding hole 11 for intubation, and special-shaped drainage holes 9 are provided on the tube wall. Its characteristics are as follows:

[0007] The multiple special-shaped drainage holes 9 located on the same cross-section of the tube body 14 are arranged in a row, and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tube body 14 on the effective drainage distance 13 of the tube body 14 in multiple rows; the multiple special-shaped drainage holes 9 in each row are evenly distributed at intervals on the wall of the tube body 14;

[0008] The special-shaped drainage hole 9 is composed of a circular hole 3 and anti-blocking holes 4 protruding perpendicularly to the axial direction of the tube body on both sides thereof, a chamfer 5 for preventing damage to the drainage hole, an arc 6 for preventing damage to the drainage hole, and an arc 7 for preventing damage to the anti-blocking hole; among them:

[0009] The chamfer 5 for preventing damage to the drainage hole is an arc chamfer on the outer wall of the tube body 14 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9;

[0010] The arc 6 for preventing damage to the drainage hole is the transition arc between the circular hole 3 and the anti-blocking hole 4;

[0011] The arc 7 for preventing damage to the anti-blocking hole is the closing arc of the anti-blocking hole 4;

[0012] On the outer wall of the tube body 14, a plurality of main drainage grooves 10 are arranged along the axial direction of the tube body 14; the anti-blocking holes 4 on both sides of each special-shaped drainage hole 9 are respectively connected to the main drainage grooves 10 through hole drainage grooves 8;

[0013] The orifice of the main guiding hole 11 for intubation is an arc-shaped anti-damage orifice 2.

[0014] The wall thickness 1 of the tube body 14 of the tube body is thicker than that of the existing intubation tube wall. The value of the wall thickness 1 of the tube body is between 0.8 and 3.2 mm.

[0015] The function of the anti-damage orifice 2 of the main drainage orifice is: Since the wall thickness 1 of the tube body 14 of the tube body is thickened, it can avoid damaging the vascular intima during the insertion operation. At the same time, since there is no protrusion on the tube wall, it is also convenient for the insertion and extraction operations during the operation. The radius value of the arc of the anti-damage orifice 2 is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm.

[0016] The circular hole 3 is the main blood drainage channel. The diameter value of the circular hole 3 is between 0.8 and 8 mm.

[0017] The anti-blocking hole 4 is used to prevent blockage. When the blood flow rate is increased and the vascular intima covers the circular hole 3, due to the elastic upward warping of the blood vessel wall, the anti-blocking hole 4 cannot be blocked. The width of the anti-blocking hole 4 is about one-third of the diameter of the circular hole 3, and the value is between 0.3 and 3.0 mm.

[0018] The function of the anti-injury chamfer 5 of the drainage hole is that when the wall-attached phenomenon occurs, the radian of its arc chamfer will not damage the vascular intima. The arc chamfer radius of the anti-injury chamfer 5 of the drainage hole is 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0019] The function of the anti-injury arc 6 of the drainage hole is to avoid damaging the vascular intima when the wall-attached phenomenon occurs. The radian radius value of the anti-injury arc 6 of the drainage hole is between 0.2 - 4.0 mm.

[0020] The function of the anti-injury arc 7 of the anti-blocking hole is to prevent damage to the vascular intima and the drainage groove 8 of the connecting hole. The radian radius value of the anti-injury arc 7 of the anti-blocking hole is between 0.15 - 1.5 mm.

[0021] The hole drainage groove 8 is a drainage ditch connecting the anti-blocking hole 4 and the main drainage groove 10. In the extreme case where the outer wall of the intubation tube is completely covered by the vascular intima, the hole drainage groove 8 can also introduce blood into the anti-blocking hole 4 to ensure the success of blood drainage. The width value of the hole drainage groove 8 is between 0.2 - 3 mm, and the depth value is between 0.2 - 2.8 mm.

[0022] The wall of the hole drainage groove 8 is provided with an arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer, and its function is to prevent damage to the vascular intima. The radian radius value of the arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer is between 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0023] The function of the special-shaped drainage hole 9 is to effectively avoid the wall-attached phenomenon and cause damage to the vascular intima. At the same time, this layout method can effectively improve the blood drainage efficiency.

[0024] The main drainage groove 10 is five ditches distributed axially along the shaft tube body 14, and its function is to ensure a connection channel for the blood in the blood vessel and the blood in the intubation tube under any circumstances. The width value of the main drainage groove 10 is between 0.8 - 6.0 mm, and the depth value is between 0.2 - 2.8 mm.

[0025] The wall of the main drainage groove 10 is provided with an arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer for the main drainage groove, and its function is to prevent damage to the vascular intima; its radian radius value is between 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0026] The effective drainage distance 13 refers to the distance from the main guiding hole 11 of the intubation tube to the outside of the main drainage groove 10 farthest from the main guiding hole 11 of the intubation tube, which is the longest effective distance for blood drainage. The numerical range of the effective drainage distance 13 is 50.0 - 400.0 mm.

[0027] With the above structure, when the present invention performs a drainage operation using equipment such as ECMO, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of the phenomenon of the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes, that is, the wall attachment phenomenon, and thus fundamentally avoid the occurrence of the following problems: 1. Due to the sudden drop in the drainage volume, the treatment effect deteriorates or even interrupts, endangering the life of the patient; 2. Due to the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes, the vascular intima is injured by the high pressure difference between the inside of the blood vessel and the external equipment; 3. Thrombus is generated due to the injury of the vascular intima, endangering the life of the patient. At the same time, the blood drainage efficiency is also greatly improved, and the operation is simple and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing cannula;

[0029] Figure 2 is an unfolded view of the distribution of the special-shaped drainage holes of the present invention on the tube body;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the special-shaped drainage hole of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-injury chamfer of the drainage hole of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-damage arc opening of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1 - wall thickness of the tube body; 2 - anti-damage arc opening; 3 - circular hole; 4 - anti-blocking hole; 5 - anti-injury chamfer of the drainage hole; 6 - anti-damage arc of the drainage hole; 7 - anti-damage arc of the anti-blocking hole; 8 - hole drainage groove; 9 - special-shaped drainage hole; 10 - main drainage groove; 11 - main drainage hole of the cannula; 12 - spacing of the special-shaped drainage holes; 13 - effective drainage distance; 14 - tube body; 15 - conventional drainage hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0035] As Figure 2 shown, five of the special-shaped drainage holes 9 are arranged in a row and are arranged at intervals of 1 - N rows along the effective drainage distance 13. The distance between the special-shaped drainage holes 9 in adjacent rows is the spacing 12 of the special-shaped drainage holes, and the value of the spacing 12 of the special-shaped drainage holes is approximately between 10.0 and 50.0 mm. The present invention reduces the spacing between the drainage holes of the cannula, increases the number of drainage holes, and the total area of the drainage holes is much larger than the area of the existing cannula drainage holes, so that the drainage efficiency is increased by 20% - 65%.

[0036] When the present invention is in use, the cannula is inserted into the blood vessel in the direction of the cannula leading hole of the cannula along the direction of the blood vessel incision. The length of the cannula inserted into the blood vessel must at least include the length of the cannula from the cannula leading hole 11 to the effective drainage distance 13. The axial length range from the cannula leading hole 11 to the effective drainage distance 13 is 50.0 - 400.0 mm, so as to ensure that drainage holes 3 for surgical blood drainage are provided around the cannula inserted into the blood vessel, and all the drainage holes 3 and the main drainage groove 10 on the cannula are inside the blood vessel.

[0037] The maximum diameter of the cannula inserted into the blood vessel is smaller than the diameter of the normal blood vessel. During normal surgery, the blood between the blood vessel intima and the outer wall of the cannula will be introduced into the cannula through the main drainage groove 10, the hole drainage groove 8 and the special-shaped drainage hole 9.

[0038] When the blood drainage volume increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the circular hole 3 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9. The drainage hole anti-injury chamfer 5, the drainage hole anti-injury arc 6 and the anti-blocking hole anti-injury arc 7 can effectively prevent the blood vessel intima from being injured. At the same time, when the blood vessel intima closely adheres to the circular hole 3 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9, the elasticity of the blood vessel wall causes the blood vessel wall above the anti-blocking hole 4 to warp upward, maintaining the connection between the blood in the blood vessel and the cannula. The high pressure difference inside and outside the cannula makes the blood drainage volume of the present invention much higher than that of using an ordinary cannula under the same usage conditions. According to theoretical calculations and experimental environment simulations, the blood drainage volume is 30% - 60% higher under the same conditions.

[0039] When the blood drainage volume further increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the section of the cannula within the effective drainage distance 13 due to the relatively high pressure difference inside and outside the cannula. The section of the cannula exceeding the effective drainage distance 13 cannot be covered due to the sudden decrease in the pressure difference and the elasticity of the blood vessel wall from the section exceeding the effective drainage distance 13 to the starting point of the main drainage groove 10. At this time, the blood in the blood vessel flows into the main drainage groove 10 and then into the cannula through the hole drainage groove 8 and the anti-blocking hole 4. According to theoretical calculations and experimental environment simulations, when the section of the cannula within the effective drainage distance 13 is blocked, the blood drainage volume can still reach 60% - 90% of the normal blood drainage volume.

[0040] Through experimental simulation environment tests, the present invention can ensure that the blood vessel intima is not damaged when the blood drainage volume is not higher than 16.5 L / Min. Currently, the normal surgical blood drainage volume is about 3 - 10 L / Min; there will be no wall attachment phenomenon when the blood drainage volume is less than 13.5 L / Min. For cannulas of the same specification, using the present invention can increase the blood drainage volume by 30% - 80%.

Claims

1. A dense-hole vascular cannula, the cannula comprising a tube body (14), one end of the tube body (14) is provided with a cannula main guide hole (11), and a special-shaped drainage hole (9) is provided on the tube wall; wherein: The plurality of special drainage holes (9) located on the same cross section of the tube body (14) are arranged in a row, and are arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the tube body (14) at intervals on the effective drainage distance (13) of the tube body 14; the plurality of special drainage holes (9) in each row are evenly distributed at intervals on the wall of the tube body (14); The special drainage hole (9) is composed of a circular hole (3) and anti-blocking holes (4) protruding perpendicular to the axial direction of the tube body on both sides thereof, a drainage hole anti-damage chamfer (5), a drainage hole anti-damage arc (6) and an anti-blocking hole anti-damage arc (7); wherein: The drainage hole damage-proof chamfer (5) is a circular arc chamfer of the special drainage hole (9) on the outer wall of the tube body (14); The drainage hole anti-damage arc (6) is a transition arc between the circular hole (3) and the anti-clogging hole (4); The anti-clogging hole damage prevention arc (7) is a closing arc of the anti-clogging hole (4); A plurality of main drainage grooves (10) are arranged on the outer wall of the tube body (14) and along the axial direction of the tube body (14); the anti-blocking holes (4) on both sides of each special drainage hole (9) are connected to the main drainage grooves (10) through the hole drainage grooves (8); The opening of the main guide hole (11) of the cannula is an arc-shaped anti-damage arc opening (2).

2. The dense-hole vascular cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness (1) of the tube body is between 0.8 and 3.2 mm; the radius of the anti-damage arc (2) is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm; the diameter of the circular hole (3) is between 0.8 and 8 mm; the width of the anti-clogging hole (4) is about one-third of the diameter of the circular hole (3), and is between 0.3 and 3.0 mm; the radius of the anti-damage chamfer (5) of the drainage hole is 0.3 to 1.5 mm; the radius of the anti-damage arc (6) of the drainage hole is between 0.2 and 4.0 mm; the radius of the anti-damage arc (7) of the anti-clogging hole is between 0.15 and 1.5 mm; the width of the drainage groove (8) is between 0.2 and 3 mm, and the depth is between 0.2 and 2.8 mm; the width of the main drainage groove (10) is between 0.8 and 6.0 mm, and the depth is between 0.2 and 2.8 mm.

3. The dense-hole vascular cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall of the hole drainage groove (8) is provided with an arc-shaped anti-damage chamfer, and the radius of the arc is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

4. The dense-hole vascular cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main drainage groove (10) is provided with an arc-shaped main drainage groove damage prevention chamfer on its wall, and the radius of the arc is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

5. The dense-hole vascular cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective drainage distance (13) refers to the distance from the cannula main guide hole (11) to the outside of the main drainage groove (10) farthest from the cannula main guide hole (11); the value range of the effective drainage distance 13 is 50.0 to 400.0 mm.

6. The dense-hole vascular cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the special drainage holes (9) in adjacent rows is the special drainage hole spacing (12), and the value of the special drainage hole spacing (12) is approximately between 10.0 and 50.0 mm.

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