Cannula capable of preventing blood vessel from adhering to wall and being damaged

Abstract

The invention discloses an intubation tube capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged. The intubation tube comprises a tube body, an intubation tube main guide hole, a special-shaped drainage hole, a special-shaped drainage hole composed of a round hole and an anti-blocking hole, a follow current groove and a drainage groove. By the adoption of the structure, when equipment such as ECMO is used for drainage operation, the phenomenon that a drainage hole is blocked by a vascular intima, namely, the wall adherence phenomenon occurs can be effectively avoided, and then the following problems are fundamentally avoided: 1, due to sudden drop of drainage amount, the treatment effect is reduced or even interrupted, and the life of a patient is endangered; 2, as the drainage hole is blocked by the endovascular intima, the endovascular intima is injured due to the high pressure difference between intravascular equipment and extracorporeal equipment; 3, thrombus generated by injury of endangium endangers the life of a patient; meanwhile, the blood drainage efficiency is greatly improved, and operation is easy and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intubation of medical devices such as ECMO, and relates to an intubation with the function of preventing blood vessel wall adhesion and damage. Background Art

[0002] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important treatment method for supporting the respiration and circulation of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure through an extracorporeal circulation device, and is a top technology representing the level of critical care emergency. With the wide use of ECMO devices, the currently used intubation often encounters the problem that the vascular intima closely adheres to the drainage holes of the intubation during the blood drainage process. Under the action of drainage negative pressure, it causes congestion and damage to the vascular intima, and is extremely likely to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient. Once the vascular intima adheres to the drainage holes of the ECMO intubation during the treatment process, it will hinder the ECMO device from extracting the blood volume in the blood vessel, resulting in a significant decrease in the extracorporeal circulation flow rate, leading to the interruption of treatment and even affecting the life of the patient. In addition, due to the relatively thin wall thickness of the intubation, some damage will also be caused to the blood vessel wall during the insertion operation.

[0003] Figure 1 Fig. is a schematic structural diagram of the existing intubation. The right side in the figure is the main guiding hole of the intubation for blood drainage. The drainage holes are arranged in sequence from the main guiding hole of the intubation to the left. Currently, the drainage holes of the intubation are basically 4 drainage holes orthogonally arranged at equal intervals on the outer wall cross-section position of the intubation. There is no height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation and they have the same thickness as the intubation wall. The outer wall of the intubation between the drainage holes is smooth. Therefore, during large blood drainage volume, the vascular intima will cause the blood vessel wall to radially contract inward under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation, increasing the probability of the occurrence of the wall adhesion effect. Also, due to the lack of height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation, during large blood drainage volume, the vascular intima will closely adhere to the outer wall of the intubation to form a wall adhesion phenomenon under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation. At this time, the drainage holes will be blocked by the vascular intima. Since there is no height difference between the drainage holes and the outer wall of the intubation and they have the same thickness as the intubation wall, when the wall adhesion effect occurs, the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes will fill into the drainage holes under the action of pressure. The wall of the drainage hole is relatively thin and will cut the vascular intima when being filled by the vascular intima, causing damage. The damaged vascular intima is prone to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient.

[0004] How to optimize the structure, distribution of the drainage holes of the intubation of devices such as ECMO and the design of the outer wall structure of the intubation, improve the drainage efficiency and avoid the phenomenon of vascular intima wall adhesion, and fundamentally avoid the occurrence of blood drainage obstruction, vascular intima damage and thrombus formation has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the use of intubation for blood drainage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an intubation tube with anti-vessel wall adhesion and damage prevention functions, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of vascular intima wall adhesion, fundamentally avoid blood drainage obstruction, vascular intima damage and thrombus formation, and improve blood drainage efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The intubation tube includes a tube body 13. One end of the tube body 13 is provided with a main intubation guiding hole 14, and special-shaped drainage holes 9 are provided on the tube wall. Its characteristics are:

[0007] The three special-shaped drainage holes 9 located on the same cross-section of the tube body 13 are arranged in a row, and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tube body 13 on the drainage hole distribution distance 11 of the tube body 13; the three special-shaped drainage holes 9 in each row are arranged at intervals on the wall of the tube body 13;

[0008] The special-shaped drainage hole 9 is composed of a circular hole 3 and anti-blocking holes 4 protruding along the axial direction of the tube body on both sides thereof, a drainage hole anti-damage chamfer 5, a drainage hole anti-damage arc 6 and an anti-blocking hole anti-damage arc 7; among them:

[0009] The drainage hole anti-damage chamfer 5 is an arc chamfer on the outer wall of the tube body 13 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9;

[0010] The drainage hole anti-damage arc 6 is a transition arc between the circular hole 3 and the anti-blocking hole 4;

[0011] The anti-blocking hole anti-damage arc 7 is a closing arc of the anti-blocking hole 4;

[0012] On the outer wall of the tube body 13, a plurality of main drainage grooves 10 are arranged along the axial direction of the tube body 13, and the plurality of main drainage grooves 10 are connected by a plurality of continuous flow grooves 12; the anti-blocking holes 4 on both sides of each special-shaped drainage hole 9 are respectively connected to the main drainage groove 10 or the continuous flow groove 12 through hole drainage grooves 8;

[0013] The orifice of the main intubation guiding hole 14 is an arc-shaped anti-damage orifice 2.

[0014] The wall thickness 1 of the tube body 13 of the intubation tube is thicker than that of the existing intubation tube wall. The value of the wall thickness 1 of the tube body is between 0.8 and 3.2 mm.

[0015] The function of the anti-damage orifice 2 of the main drainage orifice is: Since the wall thickness 1 of the tube body 13 is thickened, it can avoid damaging the vascular intima during the insertion operation. At the same time, since there is no protrusion on the tube wall, it is also convenient for the insertion and extraction operations during the operation. The radian radius value of the anti-damage orifice 2 is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm.

[0016] The circular hole 3 is the main blood drainage channel. The diameter value of the circular hole 3 is between 1.0 and 8 mm.

[0017] When the drainage volume is increased, after the vascular intima covers the circular hole 3, the elastic upwarp of the blood vessel wall cannot block the anti-blocking hole 4, thus playing a role in preventing blockage. The width of the anti-blocking hole 4 is about one-third of the diameter of the circular hole 3, with a value between 0.3 and 3.0 mm.

[0018] The function of the anti-injury chamfer 5 of the drainage hole is that when the wall attachment phenomenon occurs, the radian of its arc chamfer will not damage the vascular intima. The radius of the arc chamfer of the anti-injury chamfer 5 of the drainage hole is 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0019] The function of the anti-injury arc 6 of the drainage hole is to avoid damaging the vascular intima when the wall attachment phenomenon occurs. The value of the radian radius of the anti-injury arc 6 of the drainage hole is between 0.2 and 4.0 mm.

[0020] The function of the anti-injury arc 7 of the anti-blocking hole is to prevent damage to the vascular intima and the drainage groove 8 of the connection hole. The value of the radian radius of the anti-injury arc 7 of the anti-blocking hole is between 0.15 and 1.5 mm.

[0021] The hole drainage groove 8 is a drainage channel connecting the anti-blocking hole 4 and the main drainage groove 10 or the continuous flow groove 12. In the extreme case where the outer wall of the intubation tube is completely covered by the vascular intima, the hole drainage groove 8 can also introduce blood into the anti-blocking hole 4 to ensure the success of blood drainage. The width value of the hole drainage groove 8 is between 0.2 and 3 mm, and the depth value is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm.

[0022] The wall of the hole drainage groove 8 is provided with an arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer, and its function is to prevent damage to the vascular intima. The value of the radian radius of the arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

[0023] The three special-shaped drainage holes 9 in each row are evenly distributed on the wall of the tube body 13 in a triangular pattern, and the included angle between two adjacent special-shaped drainage holes 9 is 120°. The special-shaped drainage holes 9 can effectively avoid the wall attachment phenomenon and cause damage to the vascular intima. At the same time, this arrangement can effectively improve the blood drainage efficiency.

[0024] The main drainage groove 10 is 3 - 6 ditches distributed along the axial direction of the tube body 13 and following the distribution of the special-shaped drainage holes 9. Its function is to ensure a connection channel for the blood in the blood vessel and the blood in the intubation tube under any circumstances. The width value of the main drainage groove 10 is between 0.8 and 6.0 mm, and the depth value is between 0.4 and 2.6 mm.

[0025] The wall of the main drainage groove 10 is provided with an arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer for the main drainage groove, and its function is to prevent damage to the vascular intima. The value of the radian radius of the arc-shaped anti-injury chamfer for the main drainage groove is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

[0026] The drainage hole distribution distance 11 refers to the distance from the main guiding hole 14 of the cannula to the special-shaped drainage hole 9 that is the farthest from the main guiding hole 14. According to different models of cannulas, this drainage hole distribution distance 11 can be 50 - 400 mm.

[0027] The continuous flow groove 12 is 3 - 6 connecting grooves between the main drainage grooves 10, and its function is to connect multiple main drainage grooves 10 to ensure unobstructed blood flow. The width value of the continuous flow groove 12 is between 0.8 - 6.0 mm, and the depth value is between 0.4 - 2.6 mm.

[0028] With the above structure, when the present invention is used for drainage operations with equipment such as ECMO, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes, that is, the wall attachment phenomenon, and thus fundamentally avoid the occurrence of the following problems: 1. Due to the sudden drop in the drainage volume, the treatment effect deteriorates or even interrupts, endangering the patient's life; 2. Due to the vascular intima blocking the drainage holes, the vascular intima is injured by the high pressure difference between the inside of the blood vessel and the external equipment; 3. Thrombus is generated due to the injury of the vascular intima, endangering the patient's life. At the same time, it also greatly improves the blood drainage efficiency, and the operation is simple and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing cannula;

[0030] Figure 2 is an unfolded diagram of the distribution of the special-shaped drainage holes of the present invention on the tube body;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the special-shaped drainage hole of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-injury chamfer of the drainage hole of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-damage arc opening of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1 - tube wall thickness; 2 - anti-damage arc opening; 3 - circular hole; 4 - anti-blocking hole; 5 - anti-injury chamfer of the drainage hole; 6 - anti-damage arc of the drainage hole; 7 - anti-damage arc of the anti-blocking hole; 8 - hole drainage groove; 9 - special-shaped drainage hole; 10 - main drainage groove; 11 - drainage hole distribution distance; 12 - continuous flow groove; 13 - tube body; 14 - main guiding hole of the cannula; 15 - special-shaped drainage hole spacing; 16 - conventional drainage hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] As Figure 2As shown, the special-shaped drainage holes 9 on each row are arranged in a rotationally staggered manner with the special-shaped drainage holes 9 on the adjacent row, and the numerical distribution range of the rotation angle is: 10° to 60°. The distance between the special-shaped drainage holes 9 in the adjacent rows is the special-shaped drainage hole spacing 15; the numerical value of the special-shaped drainage hole spacing 15 is approximately between 10.0 and 50.0 mm.

[0037] When the present invention is used, in the direction of the blood vessel incision, the intubation leading hole 14 of the tube body 13 is inserted into the blood vessel. The length of the tube body 13 entering the blood vessel must at least include the intubation length from the intubation leading hole 14 to the starting position of the main drainage groove 10. The axial length range from the intubation leading hole 14 to the starting position of the main drainage groove 10 is 50 to 400 mm, so as to ensure that special-shaped drainage holes 9 for surgical blood drainage are arranged around the intubation inserted into the blood vessel, and all the special-shaped drainage holes 9 and the main drainage groove 10 on the intubation are inside the blood vessel.

[0038] The maximum diameter of the intubation inserted into the blood vessel is smaller than the normal blood vessel diameter. During normal surgery, the blood between the blood vessel intima and the outer wall of the intubation will be introduced into the intubation through the main drainage groove 10, the hole drainage groove 8 and the special-shaped drainage holes 9.

[0039] When the blood drainage volume increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the circular hole 3 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9. The drainage hole anti-injury chamfer 5, the drainage hole anti-injury arc 6 and the anti-blocking hole anti-injury arc 7 can effectively prevent the blood vessel intima from being injured. At the same time, when the blood vessel intima closely adheres to the circular hole 3 of the special-shaped drainage hole 9, the elasticity of the blood vessel wall causes the blood vessel wall above the anti-blocking hole 4 to warp, maintaining the connection between the blood in the blood vessel and the intubation. The high pressure difference inside and outside the intubation makes the blood drainage volume of the present invention much higher than that of using ordinary intubation under the same usage conditions. According to theoretical calculations and experimental environment simulations, the blood drainage volume is 30% to 60% higher under the same conditions.

[0040] When the blood drainage volume further increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the section of the intubation corresponding to the drainage hole distribution distance 11 due to the relatively high pressure difference inside and outside the intubation. The intubation beyond the drainage hole distribution distance 11 cannot be covered due to the sudden reduction of the pressure difference and the elasticity of the blood vessel wall from beyond the drainage hole distribution distance 11 to the starting point of the main drainage groove 10. At this time, the blood in the blood vessel flows into the main drainage groove 10, and then flows into the intubation through the hole drainage groove 8 and the anti-blocking hole 4. According to theoretical calculations and experimental environment simulations, when the section of the intubation corresponding to the drainage hole distribution distance 11 is blocked, the blood drainage volume can still reach 60% to 80% of the normal blood drainage volume.

[0041] Through experimental simulation environment tests, the present invention can ensure that the blood vessel intima is not damaged when the blood drainage volume is not higher than 14.8 L / Min. Currently, the normal surgical blood drainage volume is about 3 to 10 L / Min; there will be no wall attachment phenomenon when the blood drainage volume is less than 11.8 L / Min.

Claims

1. A cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged, the cannula comprising a tube body (13), one end of the tube body (13) being provided with a cannula main guide hole (14), and a specially shaped drainage hole (9) being provided on the tube wall; wherein: The three special drainage holes (9) located on the same cross section of the tube body (13) are arranged in a row, and are divided into multiple rows and arranged at intervals on the drainage hole distribution distance (11) of the tube body (13) along the axial direction of the tube body (13); the three special drainage holes (9) in each row are arranged at intervals on the wall of the tube body (13); The special drainage hole (9) is composed of a circular hole (3) and anti-blocking holes (4) protruding along the axial direction of the tube body on both sides thereof, a drainage hole anti-damage chamfer (5), a drainage hole anti-damage arc (6) and an anti-blocking hole anti-damage arc (7); wherein: The drainage hole damage-proof chamfer (5) is a circular arc chamfer of the special drainage hole (9) on the outer wall of the tube body (13); The drainage hole anti-damage arc (6) is a transition arc between the circular hole (3) and the anti-clogging hole (4); The anti-clogging hole damage prevention arc (7) is a closing arc of the anti-clogging hole (4); A plurality of main drainage grooves (10) are arranged on the outer wall of the tube body (13) and along the axial direction of the tube body (13); the plurality of main drainage grooves (10) are connected to each other through a plurality of continuous flow grooves (12); the anti-blocking holes (4) on both sides of each special-shaped drainage hole (9) are connected to the main drainage groove (10) or the continuous flow groove (12) through the hole drainage groove (8); The opening of the main guide hole (14) of the cannula is an arc-shaped anti-damage arc opening (2).

2. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness (1) of the tube body is between 0.8 and 3.2 mm; the radius of the anti-damage arc (2) is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm; the diameter of the circular hole (3) is between 1.0 and 8 mm; the width of the anti-clogging hole (4) is approximately one-third of the diameter of the circular hole (3) and is between 0.3 and 3.0 mm; the radius of the anti-damage chamfer (5) of the drainage hole is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm; the radius of the anti-damage arc (6) of the drainage hole is between 0.2 and The radius of the anti-clogging hole anti-damage arc (7) is between 0.15 and 1.5 mm; the width of the hole drainage groove (8) is between 0.2 and 3 mm, and the depth is between 0.4 and 1.6 mm; the width of the main drainage groove (10) is between 0.8 and 6.0 mm, and the depth is between 0.4 and 2.6 mm; the width of the continuous flow groove (12) is between 0.8 and 6.0 mm, and the depth is between 0.4 and 2.6 mm.

3. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall of the hole drainage groove (8) is provided with an arc-shaped anti-damage chamfer, and the radius of the arc is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

4. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main drainage groove (10) is provided with an arc-shaped main drainage groove damage prevention chamfer on its wall, and the radius of the arc is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

5. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three special-shaped drainage holes (9) in each row are evenly distributed in a herringbone shape on the wall of the tube body (13), and the angle between two adjacent special-shaped drainage holes (9) is 120°.

6. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special-shaped drainage holes (9) on each row are arranged in a rotational and staggered manner with the special-shaped drainage holes (9) on the adjacent row, and the distribution range of the rotation angle values ​​is: 10° to 60°.

7. The cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage hole distribution distance (11) refers to the distance from the main guide hole (14) of the cannula to the special-shaped drainage hole (9) farthest from the main guide hole (14), and the drainage hole distribution distance (11) is 50 to 400 mm.

8. A cannula capable of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall and being damaged according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the special drainage holes (9) in adjacent rows is the special drainage hole spacing (15); the value of the special drainage hole spacing (15) is approximately between 10.0 and 50.0 mm.

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