Mounting and welding method for penetration piece of containment vessel of nuclear power station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power stations, in particular to an installing and welding method for a nuclear power station containment penetration piece. The installing and welding method comprises the steps that a plumb bob box and a horizontal ruler are arranged on the end face of the penetration piece, a plumb bob is arranged in the radial direction of the vertical direction, and the horizontal ruler is arranged in the radial direction of the horizontal direction; the intersection point between the leveling instrument and the plummet is the center point of the end face of the penetration piece, and marking the two center points of the two end faces of the penetration piece; measuring the two central points by using a total station to obtain a central axis and a central point position of the penetration piece; comparing the central axis of the penetration piece with the central axis of the mounting hole in the cylinder plate, and comparing the central point of the penetration piece with the central point of the mounting hole; and if not, adjusting the penetration pieces to enable the penetration pieces to be in one-to-one correspondence. The invention provides a mounting and welding method of a nuclear power station containment penetration piece, which aims to reduce the position deviation of the penetration piece relative to a cylinder plate after the penetration piece is welded to the cylinder plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plants, and particularly to an installation and welding method for a containment penetration of a nuclear power plant. Background Art

[0002] The containment of a nuclear power plant is the last barrier to prevent radioactive material leakage. The containment includes a cylindrical plate and penetrations welded to the cylindrical plate. Among them, the welding quality of the penetrations is crucial and is related to the long-term safe operation of the nuclear power plant.

[0003] In the prior art, the welding process of the penetrations generally includes: opening an installation hole for installing the penetrations on the cylindrical plate, then hoisting the penetrations into the installation hole and performing alignment, and then welding the welding parts between the penetrations and the cylindrical plate, etc. However, after the penetrations are welded to the cylindrical plate, there is a deviation in the position of the penetrations relative to the cylindrical plate, which affects the safety and structural integrity of the containment.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a new installation and welding method for the containment penetrations of a nuclear power plant to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an installation and welding method for a containment penetration of a nuclear power plant to reduce the deviation in the position of the penetration relative to the cylindrical plate after the penetration is welded to the cylindrical plate.

[0006] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides an installation and welding method for a containment penetration of a nuclear power plant, which includes:

[0007] S100, an opening step of opening an installation hole for installing the penetration on the cylindrical plate;

[0008] S200, a penetration hoisting and alignment step; the step S200 includes: S210, hoisting the penetration into the installation hole and performing alignment; S220, checking and adjusting the orientation of the penetration;

[0009] S300, a welding step of welding the welding parts between the penetration and the cylindrical plate;

[0010] Among them, the step S220 includes:

[0011] Setting a plumb bob box at the top end of the end face of the penetration, making the plumb bob in the plumb bob box hang down, so that on the end face of the penetration, the plumb bob is arranged radially along the vertical direction; setting a spirit level on the end face of the penetration, and on the end face of the penetration, making the spirit level arranged radially along the horizontal direction;

[0012] Among them, the intersection point between the spirit level and the plumb bob is the center point of the end face of the through member, and the two center points of the two end faces of the through member are respectively marked as the first center point and the second center point; use a total station to measure the first center point and the second center point, measure the central axis of the through member through the connection line of the first center point and the second center point, and measure the center point position of the through member through the midpoint of the connection line of the first center point and the second center point;

[0013] Compare the central axis position of the through member with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate, and compare the center point position of the through member with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate to check the orientation of the through member;

[0014] If the central axis position of the through member is inconsistent with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate, adjust the through member to make the central axis position of the through member consistent with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate; if the center point position of the through member is inconsistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate, adjust the through member to make the center point position of the through member consistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate.

[0015] Further, the step S210 includes: S211, hoist the through member without the insertion plate into the mounting hole and perform alignment, and S212, hoist the through member with the insertion plate into the mounting hole and perform alignment;

[0016] Among them, the step S211 includes: before hoisting the through member, distinguish the inner and outer sides of the through member, determine the insertion position of the through member along the axial direction, and correspondingly draw position marking lines on the through member; hoist the through member to the position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate according to the position of the position marking lines and install it into the mounting hole; then weld fixtures on both the cylinder plate and the through member, and adjust the weld gap and misalignment between the through member and the cylinder plate through the fixtures on the cylinder plate and the through member;

[0017] The step S212 includes: integrate the insertion plate and the through member into a through member assembly, before hoisting the through member assembly, distinguish the inner and outer sides of the through member assembly, determine the insertion position of the through member assembly along the axial direction, and correspondingly draw position marking lines on the through member assembly; hoist the through member assembly to the position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate according to the position of the position marking lines and install it into the mounting hole; then weld fixtures on both the cylinder plate and the through member, and adjust the weld gap and misalignment between the through member and the cylinder plate through the fixtures on the cylinder plate and the through member.

[0018] Further, in the step S300, the parts between the penetrating member assembly and the cylindrical plate, or between the penetrating member and the cylindrical plate are the parts to be welded. The step S300 includes: S310, preheating the welding part through an auxiliary heating device; S320, performing tack welding on the welding part; S330, welding the welding part.

[0019] Among them, in the step S310, the auxiliary heating device includes a thermometer, a temperature controller and a heating element. The thermometer is used to monitor the temperature of the welding part, the heating element is used to heat the welding part, and both the thermometer and the heating element are connected to the temperature controller.

[0020] The temperature controller can preset a preheating temperature range and a preheating time. The preheating temperature range includes a temperature upper limit and a temperature lower limit. The heating element is powered on and started. The heating element can raise the temperature of the welding part until the temperature of the welding part reaches the temperature upper limit, at which time the heating element is correspondingly powered off and closed. When the temperature of the welding part reaches the temperature lower limit, the heating element is correspondingly powered on and started, and at this time the heating element raises the temperature at the welding part correspondingly.

[0021] Further, the auxiliary heating device further includes a clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes an annular frame. A clamping cavity matching the penetrating member is arranged inside the annular frame. A plurality of accommodation cavities for accommodating the heating element are arranged on one side of the annular frame away from the clamping cavity. The plurality of accommodation cavities are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular frame, and the heating element is clamped in the accommodation cavity.

[0022] Further, a plurality of ear flaps are arranged on one side of the annular frame away from the clamping cavity. The plurality of ear flaps are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular frame, and the accommodation cavity is formed between adjacent ear flaps.

[0023] Further, the auxiliary heating device further includes a reinforcement mechanism. The reinforcement mechanism is used to fasten the heating element to the surface of the cylindrical plate.

[0024] The reinforcement mechanism includes a flexible member and a fixing pin. One end of the flexible member is fixedly connected to the annular frame, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing pin.

[0025] The ear flap is provided with a card hole. The fixing pin can be inserted into the card hole. After the fixing pin is inserted into the card hole, both ends of the fixing pin are located on both sides of the card hole and can respectively abut against two heating elements on both sides of the card hole, so that the heating element is clamped between the fixing pin and the cylindrical plate, and thus the heating element is fastened to the surface of the cylindrical plate.

[0026] Further, the annular frame includes a plurality of sub - frames, and the plurality of sub - frames are sequentially connected end to end to form the clamping cavity. And adjacent sub - frames are connected by a connecting component, and the connecting component can adjust the gap between adjacent sub - frames.

[0027] Further, adjacent sub - frames are respectively a first sub - frame and a second sub - frame;

[0028] The connecting component includes a threaded connector, a nut, a first connecting frame disposed on the first sub - frame, and a second connecting frame disposed on the second sub - frame. Connecting holes are provided on both the first connecting frame and the second connecting frame. After the threaded connector passes through the connecting holes on the first connecting frame and the connecting holes on the second connecting frame, it is tightened by the nut.

[0029] Further, the step S100 includes: S110, measuring and setting out lines to position the opening position on the cylindrical plate; S120, performing opening cutting at the positioned place and processing the cutting groove; S130, inspecting the cutting groove and performing liquid penetration testing;

[0030] Among them, the step S110 includes: using a measuring tool to determine the angular line and elevation line where the center of the opening position is located, and the intersection point of the angular line and the elevation line is the center point of the opening position on the cylindrical plate; taking the center point as a reference, using a drawing tool to draw the opening cutting line on the cylindrical plate;

[0031] The step S120 includes: using a cutting device to cut along the opening cutting line to form an installation hole for installing the penetrator; after cutting, processing the cutting groove;

[0032] The step S130 includes: after the groove processing is completed, performing groove inspection and liquid penetration testing.

[0033] Further, after the step S300, the installation and welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetrator further sequentially includes:

[0034] S400, the post - weld non - destructive testing step. After the penetrator or the penetrator assembly is welded, visual inspection, liquid penetration testing, ray testing, and ultrasonic testing are performed;

[0035] S500, the post - heat treatment and post - weld heat treatment step. After welding is completed, post - heat treatment is performed on the weld seam at the welding part. Among them, the post - heat temperature range of the weld seam between the penetrator and the cylindrical plate is 200℃ - 350℃, and the post - heat time is not less than 30 min; the post - heat temperature range of the weld seam between the insertion plate and the cylindrical plate is 200℃ - 350℃, and the post - heat time is not less than 2 hours;

[0036] S600, the non-destructive testing step after heat treatment.

[0037] Adopting the above technical solution, the installation and welding method of the containment penetration of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0038] In the welding method of this embodiment, first, an installation hole is opened on the cylinder plate through step S100, then the penetration is hoisted into the installation hole through step S210 and assembled, and the orientation of the penetration is inspected and adjusted through step S220. Then, the welding part between the penetration and the cylinder plate is welded through step S300, completing the welding of the penetration to the cylinder plate.

[0039] Among them, after the penetration is hoisted into the installation hole and assembled, the orientation of the penetration is inspected and adjusted through step S220, so that the central axis of the penetration is consistent with the central axis position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate, and the center point position of the penetration is consistent with the center point position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate, thereby ensuring that the relative position between the penetration and the installation hole on the cylinder plate is more accurate, reducing the deviation of the penetration relative to the cylinder plate after the penetration is welded to the cylinder plate, and improving the safety and structural integrity of the containment.

[0040] It should be noted that in step S220, the vertical radial direction on the end face of the penetration is determined by a plumb bob box, the horizontal radial direction on the end face of the penetration is determined by a spirit level, the center point of the end face of the penetration is determined by the intersection of the two, and then the total station is used to measure the first center point and the second center point to determine the central axis of the penetration and the center point position of the penetration. Then, the above two parameters are compared with the central axis and the center point position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate one by one to inspect the orientation of the penetration; if the inspection is unqualified, the orientation of the penetration is adjusted again to make the central axis of the penetration and the center point position of the penetration correspond to the central axis and the center point position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate one by one, meeting the installation requirements of the penetration, and then welding can be carried out. The operation is simple and convenient, and the device and instrument for inspecting the orientation of the penetration are relatively common and the cost is not high, which is suitable for popularization in the nuclear power plant field. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, so they should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0042] Figure 1Flow chart of the installation and welding method of the containment penetration of the nuclear power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of the penetration component installed on the cylinder plate;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of the penetration installed on the cylinder plate;

[0045] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of measuring the center point of the end face of the penetration in step S220 of the installation and welding method of the containment penetration of the nuclear power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of respectively marking the two center points of the two end faces of the penetration as the first center point and the second center point in step S220 of the installation and welding method of the containment penetration of the nuclear power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of the auxiliary heating device provided by the embodiment of the present invention (only showing part of the heating elements and the reinforcement mechanism);

[0048] Figure 7 For Figure 6 Top view of the auxiliary heating device in;

[0049] Figure 8 State of the auxiliary heating device installed on the penetration and the cylinder plate provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Reference numerals:

[0051] 1 - Penetration; 11 - Insertion plate; 2 - Cylinder plate;

[0052] 3 - Ring frame; 31 - Clamping cavity; 32 - Accommodating cavity; 33 - Sub - frame body;

[0053] 4 - Ear flap; 41 - Card hole;

[0054] 5 - Heating element;

[0055] 61 - Flexible part; 62 - Fixed pin;

[0056] 71 - Threaded connector; 72 - Nut; 73 - First connecting frame; 74 - Second connecting frame;

[0057] 81 - Plumb bob box; 82 - Plumb bob; 83 - Spirit level;

[0058] 91 - First center point; 92 - Second center point. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0062] Embodiment

[0063] Please refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment provides an installation welding method for a containment penetration of a nuclear power plant. The welding method sequentially includes the following steps: S100, an opening step to open an installation hole for installing the penetration 1 on the cylinder plate 2; S200, a penetration hoisting and alignment step; S300, a welding step; S400, a post-weld non-destructive testing step; S500, a post-heat treatment and post-weld heat treatment step; S600, a non-destructive testing step after heat treatment; S700, perform a final geometric inspection and anti-corrosion treatment.

[0064] Among them, step S100 includes: S110, measuring and laying out lines to position the opening position on the cylinder plate 2; S120, performing opening cutting at the positioned position and processing the cutting groove; S130, inspecting the cutting groove and performing liquid penetration testing.

[0065] Specifically, step S110 includes: determining the angular line and elevation line where the center of the opening position is located using surveying tools such as total stations. The intersection point of the angular line and the elevation line is the center point of the opening position on the cylindrical plate 2. For the case where the center of the fillet of the insertion plate is not at the center of the through-hole, accurately draw the center position of the fillet based on the center position of the through-hole. Taking the center point as a reference, according to the dimensions of the through-piece 1 and the insertion plate, use drawing tools such as dividers and steel straightedges to draw the opening cutting line on the cylindrical plate 2. Specifically, before drawing the line, it is necessary to clean the dirt, oxide scale and other sundries in the area to be drawn, and reserve a cutting allowance if necessary. When drawing the line, it is necessary to draw a line on both the inner and outer walls of the opening position of the cylindrical plate 2. One is the opening cutting line for cutting the straight groove, and the other is the groove edge line for groove processing, and an inspection line is set 100 mm outside the groove.

[0066] Step S120 includes: using a cutting device such as a three-dimensional cutting machine or other cutting machines to cut along the opening cutting line to form an installation hole for installing the through-piece 1. Among them, to prevent accuracy deviation during manual cutting, for a relatively large through-piece 1, a cutting allowance of 2 mm - 3 mm needs to be reserved within the opening cutting line. After cutting, process the cutting groove until it meets the installation requirements of the through-piece 1. Among them, during cutting, on the part cut off from the cylindrical plate 2, weld appropriate connecting accessories such as connecting lugs, and use lifting tools such as chain hoists or cranes to cooperate with the connecting accessories for lifting to prevent the part cut off during cutting from suddenly falling and injuring people.

[0067] Among them, when using thermal cutting for opening cutting, preheating is required, and the preheating temperature is not less than 120 °C.

[0068] Step S130 includes: after the groove processing is completed, conduct groove inspection and liquid penetration testing according to requirements, and at the same time, do a good job in protecting the finished products of the processed groove and the ground groove of the insertion plate to avoid rust or groove damage.

[0069] The above-mentioned step S200 includes: S210, hoisting the through-piece 1 into the installation hole and carrying out alignment; S220, checking and adjusting the orientation of the through-piece 1.

[0070] It should be noted that the through-piece 1 includes the through-piece 1 without an insertion plate and the through-piece 1 with an insertion plate. The through-piece 1 without an insertion plate is directly installed in the installation hole of the cylindrical plate 2 as shown in Figure 3 shown. The through-piece 1 with an insertion plate has its insertion plate installed in the installation hole of the cylindrical plate 2 as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0071] Therefore, step S210 includes: S211, hoisting the through-piece 1 without the insertion plate through into the installation hole and carrying out alignment; and S212, hoisting the through-piece 1 with the insertion plate through into the installation hole and carrying out alignment.

[0072] Specifically, step S211 includes: before hoisting the through-piece 1, distinguishing the inner and outer sides of the through-piece 1, determining the insertion position of the through-piece 1 in the axial direction, and correspondingly drawing position marking lines on the through-piece 1; selecting appropriate lifting lugs and rigging according to the weight and size of the through-piece 1, hoisting the through-piece 1 to the position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate 2 according to the position of the position marking lines, and inserting it into the installation hole; then welding fixtures on both the cylinder plate 2 and the through-piece 1, and adjusting the weld gap and misalignment between the through-piece 1 and the cylinder plate 2 through the fixtures on the cylinder plate 2 and the through-piece 1, and making the fixtures and tack welding on the same side of the through-piece 1.

[0073] Step S212 includes: integrating the insertion plate and the through-piece 1 into a through-piece assembly. Before hoisting the through-piece assembly, distinguishing the inner and outer sides of the through-piece assembly, determining the insertion position of the through-piece assembly in the axial direction, and correspondingly drawing position marking lines on the through-piece assembly; selecting appropriate lifting lugs and rigging according to the weight and size of the through-piece assembly, hoisting the through-piece assembly to the position of the installation hole on the cylinder plate 2 according to the position of the position marking lines, and inserting it into the installation hole; then welding appropriate fixtures on both the cylinder plate 2 and the through-piece 1, and adjusting the weld gap and misalignment between the through-piece 1 and the cylinder plate 2 through the fixtures on the cylinder plate 2 and the through-piece 1, and making the fixtures and tack welding on the same side of the through-piece 1.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 4 , step S220 includes: setting a plumb bob box 81 at the top end of the end face of the through-piece 1, making the plumb bob 82 in the plumb bob box 81 hang down, so that on the end face of the through-piece 1, the plumb bob 82 is arranged radially in the vertical direction; setting a spirit level 83 on the end face of the through-piece 1, and on the end face of the through-piece 1, making the spirit level 83 arranged radially in the horizontal direction.

[0075] Among them, please combine with Figure 5, the intersection point between the spirit level 83 and the plumb bob 82 is the center point of the end face of the through member 1, and the two center points of the two end faces of the through member 1 are respectively marked as the first center point and the second center point 92; use a total station to measure the first center point and the second center point 92, measure the central axis of the through member 1 through the connection line of the first center point and the second center point 92, and measure the center point position of the through member 1 through the midpoint of the connection line of the first center point and the second center point 92; compare the central axis of the through member 1 with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2, and compare the center point position of the through member 1 with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2 to check the orientation of the through member 1; if the central axis of the through member 1 is inconsistent with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2, adjust the through member 1 to make the central axis of the through member 1 consistent with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2; if the center point position of the through member 1 is inconsistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2, adjust the through member 1 to make the center point position of the through member 1 consistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2.

[0076] The welding method of this embodiment first opens a mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2 through step S100, then hoists the through member 1 into the mounting hole through step S210 and performs alignment, and checks and adjusts the orientation of the through member 1 through step S220, and then performs welding treatment on the welding part between the through member 1 and the cylinder plate 2 through step S300, completing the welding of the through member 1 to the cylinder plate 2.

[0077] Among them, after hoisting the through member 1 into the mounting hole and aligning it, the orientation of the through member 1 is checked and adjusted through step S220, so that the central axis of the through member 1 is consistent with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2, and the center point position of the through member 1 is consistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2, thereby ensuring that the relative position between the through member 1 and the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2 is more accurate, reducing the deviation of the position of the through member 1 relative to the cylinder plate 2 after the through member 1 is welded to the cylinder plate 2, and improving the safety and structural integrity of the containment vessel.

[0078] It should be noted that in step S220, the vertical radial direction on the end face of the through member 1 is determined by the plumb bob box 81, the horizontal radial direction on the end face of the through member 1 is determined by the spirit level 83, and the center point of the end face of the through member 1 is determined by the intersection of the two. Then, the total station is used to measure the first center point and the second center point 92 to determine the central axis of the through member 1 and the position of the center point of the through member 1. Then, the above two parameters are compared with the central axis and the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2 one by one to check the orientation of the through member 1. If the inspection is unqualified, the orientation of the through member 1 is adjusted so that the central axis of the through member 1 and the position of the center point of the through member 1 correspond to the central axis and the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate 2 one by one, meeting the installation requirements of the through member 1, and then welding can be carried out. The operation is simple and convenient, and the devices and instruments for inspecting the orientation of the through member 1 are relatively common and the cost is not high, which is suitable for popularization in the nuclear power plant field.

[0079] In the above step S300, it should be noted that the part between the through member assembly and the cylinder plate 2 or between the through member 1 and the cylinder plate 2 is the part to be welded. Specifically, step S300 includes: S310, preheating the welding part through an auxiliary heating device; S320, carrying out tack welding on the welding part; S330, welding the welding part.

[0080] Among them, in step S310, the auxiliary heating device includes a thermometer, a temperature controller and a heating element 5. The thermometer is used to monitor the temperature on the welding side of the welding part, the heating element 5 is used to heat the welding part, and both the thermometer and the heating element 5 are connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller can preset the preheating temperature range and preheating time, and the temperature controller correspondingly controls the heating temperature and heating time of the heating element 5. Specifically, the preheating temperature range includes a temperature upper limit and a temperature lower limit. When the heating element 5 is powered on and starts, the heating element 5 makes the temperature of the welding part gradually rise until the temperature of the welding part reaches the preset temperature upper limit, and the heating element 5 is correspondingly powered off and closed. When the temperature of the welding part reaches the preset temperature lower limit, the heating element 5 is correspondingly powered on and starts, and at this time, the heating element 5 makes the temperature at the welding part rise correspondingly, so that the welding part is kept constant between the temperature upper limit and the temperature lower limit, ensuring that the welding part and the base metal around it are evenly heated.

[0081] Preferably, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 and in combination with Figure 8 , the auxiliary heating device further includes a clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes an annular frame 3. A clamping cavity 31 matching the through member 1 is arranged inside the annular frame 3. A plurality of accommodating cavities 32 for accommodating the heating element 5 are arranged on one side of the annular frame 3 away from the clamping cavity 31. The plurality of accommodating cavities 32 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular frame 3, and the heating element 5 is clamped in the accommodating cavity 32.

[0082] When the auxiliary heating device is in use, the annular frame 3 is sleeved outside the penetrating member 1, so that the penetrating member 1 is located in the clamping cavity 31, and the annular frame 3 abuts against the cylinder plate 2, and then a plurality of heating members 5 are respectively clamped in a plurality of accommodating cavities 32.

[0083] Among them, in this auxiliary heating device, since a plurality of accommodating cavities 32 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular frame 3, after the heating members 5 are clamped in the accommodating cavities 32, the plurality of heating members 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular frame 3. Thus, the layout of the plurality of heating members 5 is uniform, and the welds can be heated evenly everywhere, without causing local overheating or insufficient heating at the welding parts, improving the uniformity of the heat treatment.

[0084] Specifically, referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , a plurality of ear flaps 4 are arranged on one side of the annular frame 3 away from the clamping cavity 31, the plurality of ear flaps 4 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular frame 3, and accommodating cavities 32 are formed between adjacent ear flaps 4.

[0085] Preferably, in this embodiment, the auxiliary heating device further includes a reinforcement mechanism for fastening the heating member 5 to the surface of the cylinder plate 2.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , as a feasible way, the reinforcement mechanism includes a flexible member 61 and a fixing pin 62. One end of the flexible member 61 is fixedly connected to the annular frame 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing pin 62; a clamping hole 41 is provided on the ear flap 4, the fixing pin 62 can be inserted into the clamping hole 41, and after the fixing pin 62 is inserted into the clamping hole 41, both ends of the fixing pin 62 are located on both sides of the clamping hole 41 and can respectively abut against two heating members 5 on both sides of the clamping hole 41, so that the heating member 5 is clamped between the fixing pin 62 and the cylinder plate 2, and thus the heating member 5 is fastened to the surface of the cylinder plate 2.

[0087] With such a setting, after the heating member 5 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 32, the fixing pin 62 is inserted into the clamping hole 41. At this time, both ends of the fixing pin 62 are located on both sides of the clamping hole 41, and both ends of the fixing pin 62 can respectively abut against two heating members 5 on both sides of the clamping hole 41, so that the heating member 5 is clamped between the fixing pin 62 and the cylinder plate 2, realizing that the heating member 5 is fastened to the surface of the cylinder plate 2 and enabling heat treatment of the surface of the cylinder plate 2.

[0088] Preferably, please refer to FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the annular frame 3 includes a plurality of sub-frame bodies 33, the plurality of sub-frame bodies 33 are sequentially connected end to end to form the clamping cavity 31, and adjacent sub-frame bodies 33 are connected by a connecting component.

[0089] For example, referring to Figure 6, the adjacent sub-frame bodies 33 are respectively the first sub-frame body and the second sub-frame body. The connecting assembly includes a threaded connecting piece 71, a nut 72, a first connecting frame 73 arranged on the first sub-frame body, and a second connecting frame 74 arranged on the second sub-frame body. Connecting holes are provided on both the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74. The threaded connecting piece 71 can pass through the connecting holes on the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74 and then be tightened by the nut 72.

[0090] Wherein, when the outer diameter of the penetrating piece 1 is relatively large, the part of the threaded connecting piece 71 located between the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74 is relatively long, making the distance between the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74 relatively large, so that the gap between the adjacent sub-frame bodies 33 increases, and the size of the clamping cavity 31 is relatively large, capable of accommodating the penetrating piece 1 with a relatively large outer diameter; when the outer diameter of the penetrating piece 1 is relatively small, the part of the threaded connecting piece 71 located between the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74 is relatively short, making the distance between the first connecting frame 73 and the second connecting frame 74 relatively small, so that the gap between the adjacent sub-frame bodies 33 decreases, and the size of the clamping cavity 31 is relatively small, capable of accommodating the penetrating piece 1 with a relatively small outer diameter.

[0091] With such a setting, the gap between the adjacent sub-frame bodies 33 can be adjusted, so that the size of the clamping cavity 31 of the annular frame 3 can be adjusted, and it can be applicable to the penetrating pieces 1 with relatively large and small outer diameters, that is, it can be applicable to the containment penetrating pieces 1 of different nuclear power plants with large differences in size, shape and structure, having sufficient flexibility and adjustability, improving the adaptability of the auxiliary heating device. When encountering penetrating pieces 1 of different specifications, it can be effectively installed and used, reducing the construction cost and time cost.

[0092] Preferably, in this embodiment, the auxiliary heating device further includes a heat-insulating cotton arranged on the welding side. The heat-insulating cotton is used to cover the back side area of the weld during the preheating process to reduce heat dissipation.

[0093] Optionally, the thermometer is a thermocouple or a non-contact infrared thermometer, which is used to monitor the temperature on the welding side. Among them, for the area with a relatively large weld thickness, the thermometer needs to monitor the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the weld.

[0094] It should be noted that, first of all, during the entire process of pre-welding preheating, a thermometer is used to monitor the temperature of the welding part in real time. The arrangement of the temperature monitoring points should cover each key part of the area to be welded, especially the edge of the penetrating piece 1 and the part with a relatively large thickness, to prevent the occurrence of temperature blind spots. The temperature controller is connected to the heating element 5 and can automatically adjust the heating intensity of the heating element 5 when the temperature deviation exceeds the preset range.

[0095] In addition, the preheating temperature is usually not lower than 150°C. For the parts with larger thickness on the penetrator 1, appropriate preheating power and preheating time should be set according to the thickness of the base metal to ensure that heat can be evenly transferred to the entire welding area.

[0096] Furthermore, it should be supplemented that during welding preheating, the heating element 5 should be preheated on the back side of the welding side, and the temperature is measured on the welding side. For the areas with larger weld thickness, the double-sided temperature detection method is adopted, and the temperature is measured on the inner and outer surfaces of the weld respectively to verify the temperature uniformity. If the measured temperature difference exceeds the standard range, local supplementary heating needs to be carried out again.

[0097] In the above step S320, the weld joint gap and misalignment can be adjusted and tack welding can be carried out simultaneously, and finally ensure that the weld joint gap and misalignment meet the requirements. The length range of the tack welds is 50 mm - 100 mm, and the spacing is 250 mm - 300 mm.

[0098] In addition, it is advisable to carry out tack welding on the outer side of the cylinder plate 2, and after tack welding, it is divided into several workstations according to the weld length of the penetrator 1 or the insert plate, and multiple welders are arranged to carry out welding symmetrically. After welding the root pass and part of the fill pass, the back of the weld is gouged. Plasma arc gouging, carbon arc gouging plus gouging or direct grinding gouging can be used. The gouging and grinding should be smooth for the next layer of welding, and relevant non-destructive testing is carried out after gouging and grinding.

[0099] In step S330, during the welding process, it is necessary to continuously monitor the temperature of the welding part to ensure that the temperature change is stable during the welding process and prevent cracks or thermal stress concentration in the weld.

[0100] During the welding process between the penetrator 1 or the insert plate and the cylinder plate 2, an auxiliary heating device is arranged on the reverse side of the welding area. For the irregular circular insert plate, the trapezoidal heating element 5 or the rectangular heating element 5 can be used as the auxiliary heating device. If the electric heating element 5 is used, heat insulation cotton needs to be laid on the welding side to ensure that the preheating temperature on the side to be welded is not lower than 150°C.

[0101] In the above step S400, after the penetrator 1 or the penetrator assembly is welded, after the stress is stabilized and the hydrogen content diffusion time is satisfied, relevant non-destructive testing is carried out, such as visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, radiographic testing and ultrasonic testing, etc.

[0102] In the above step S500, after welding is completed, the weld of the welding part is immediately post-heated, and heat insulation cotton is set on the welding side. The post-heating temperature range of the weld between the penetrator 1 and the cylinder plate 2 is 200°C - 350°C, and the post-heating time is not less than 30 min; the post-heating temperature range of the weld between the insert plate and the cylinder plate 2 is 200°C - 350°C, and the post-heating time is not less than 2 hours.

[0103] If it is necessary to suspend welding and preheating before the weld at the welding part is completed, then the weld at the welding part shall be completed at least 25 mm or the minimum of 25% of the weld thickness, and at the same time, the post-welding heat treatment time shall be at least 2 hours, and the post-welding heat treatment temperature range shall be 250°C - 350°C.

[0104] It should be noted that after the post-welding heat treatment is completed, the heating element 5 of the heat preservation cotton and the auxiliary heating device shall not be removed first until the temperature at the weld of the welding part drops to the ambient temperature.

[0105] In the above step S600, for the penetrator 1 and the penetrator assembly that need post-weld heat treatment, it is carried out after the liquid penetrant inspection of the weld is qualified; for 15% of the welds randomly selected after the heat treatment of the penetrator assembly welds, the liquid penetrant inspection is carried out again, and it must be selected for the weld T-joint.

[0106] It should be noted that steps S500 and S600 are non-essential welding steps, and it is necessary to select whether to carry out steps S500 and S600 according to actual needs.

[0107] In the above step S700, the final form and position inspection and anti-corrosion are carried out after all relevant inspections of the welds connecting the penetrator 1 or the penetrator assembly and the cylinder plate 2 are completed.

[0108] In summary, the welding method of this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0109] (1) Improve welding quality: By a reasonable preheating method, the temperature gradient during welding can be reduced, thermal stress concentration can be avoided, and the generation probability of material cracks can be reduced, thereby significantly improving the welding quality.

[0110] (2) Save energy: In this embodiment, by using trapezoidal or rectangular heating elements 5 and supplemented with heat preservation cotton, the heat loss is effectively reduced, the heating efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

[0111] (3) Enhance the accuracy and consistency of operation: The auxiliary heating device of this embodiment can flexibly adjust the heating method according to the different shapes and sizes of the penetrator 1, and at the same time, real-time temperature monitoring and control ensure the accuracy of operation and improve the stability of construction.

[0112] (4) Use the plumb bob box 81 and the spirit level 83 to find the center point of the end face of the penetrator 1, with high accuracy, reduce manual errors, and provide a reliable basis for the follow-up. Secondly, use a total station to measure the center points of both end faces, obtain multi-dimensional data, and ensure comprehensive and scientific evaluation. Finally, effectively adjust according to the results to ensure the accurate axis orientation and guarantee the project quality and safety.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing and welding a nuclear power plant containment penetration, characterized in that: include: S100, a hole-opening step, in which a mounting hole for mounting the penetration member (1) is opened on the cylinder plate (2); S200, a step of hoisting and assembling the penetration piece; the step S200 comprises: S210, hoisting the penetration piece (1) into the installation hole and assembling; S220, checking and adjusting the position of the penetration piece (1); S300, a welding step, performing welding processing on the welding portion between the penetration piece (1) and the cylinder plate (2); Wherein, the step S220 includes: A plumb box (81) is arranged at the top end of the end surface of the penetration member (1), and a plumb (82) in the plumb box (81) is made to hang down, so that the plumb (82) is arranged radially in the vertical direction on the end surface of the penetration member (1); a level ruler (83) is arranged at the end surface of the penetration member (1), and the level ruler (83) is arranged radially in the horizontal direction on the end surface of the penetration member (1); The intersection of the level ruler (83) and the plumb line (82) is the center point of the end face of the penetration member (1), and the two center points of the two end faces of the penetration member (1) are respectively marked as a first center point (91) and a second center point (92); the first center point (91) and the second center point (92) are measured by a total station, the center axis of the penetration member (1) is measured through the line connecting the first center point (91) and the second center point (92), and the center point position of the penetration member (1) is measured through the midpoint of the line connecting the first center point (91) and the second center point (92); Comparing the central axis of the penetration piece (1) with the central axis position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2), and comparing the central point position of the penetration piece (1) with the central point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2), so as to check the orientation of the penetration piece (1); If the central axis of the penetration member (1) is inconsistent with the central axis of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2), the penetration member (1) is adjusted so that the central axis of the penetration member (1) is consistent with the central axis of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2); if the center point position of the penetration member (1) is inconsistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2), the penetration member (1) is adjusted so that the center point position of the penetration member (1) is consistent with the center point position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2).

2. The installation welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S210 comprises: S211, hoisting the penetration piece (1) without the insert plate (11) into the installation hole and performing pairing, and S212, hoisting the penetration piece (1) with the insert plate (11) into the installation hole and performing pairing; Wherein, the step S211 comprises: before the penetration piece (1) is hoisted, the inner and outer sides of the penetration piece (1) are distinguished, and the insertion position of the penetration piece (1) along the axial direction is determined, and a position identification line is drawn on the penetration piece (1) correspondingly; the penetration piece (1) is hoisted to the position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2) according to the position of the position identification line, and is installed into the mounting hole; then, fixtures are welded on the cylinder plate (2) and the penetration piece (1), and the weld gap and misalignment between the penetration piece (1) and the cylinder plate (2) are adjusted by the fixtures on the cylinder plate (2) and the penetration piece (1); The step S212 comprises: the insert plate (11) and the through-piece (1) are integrated into a through-piece assembly; before the through-piece assembly is hoisted, the inner and outer sides of the through-piece assembly are distinguished, and the axial insertion position of the through-piece assembly is determined, and a position identification line is drawn on the through-piece assembly accordingly; the through-piece assembly is hoisted to the position of the mounting hole on the cylinder plate (2) according to the position of the position identification line, and is installed into the mounting hole; then, fixtures are welded on the cylinder plate (2) and the through-piece (1), and the weld gap and misalignment between the through-piece (1) and the cylinder plate (2) are adjusted by the fixtures on the cylinder plate (2) and the through-piece (1).

3. The installation welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S300, the portion between the penetration component and the cylinder plate (2), or between the penetration component (1) and the cylinder plate (2) is a portion to be welded, and the step S300 comprises: S310, preheating the welding portion by an auxiliary heating device; S320, performing tack welding on the welding portion; S330, welding the welding portion; Wherein, in the step S310, the auxiliary heating device comprises a thermometer, a temperature controller and a heating element (5), the thermometer is used to monitor the temperature of the welding part, the heating element (5) is used to heat the welding part, and the thermometer and the heating element (5) are both connected to the temperature controller; The temperature controller is capable of presetting a preheating temperature range and a preheating time, wherein the preheating temperature range includes an upper temperature limit and a lower temperature limit; the heating element (5) is powered on and started, and the heating element (5) is capable of causing the temperature of the welding part to rise until the temperature of the welding part reaches the upper temperature limit, at which time the heating element (5) is powered off and shut down; when the temperature of the welding part reaches the lower temperature limit, the heating element (5) is powered on and started, at which time the heating element (5) causes the temperature of the welding part to rise accordingly.

4. The installation welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The auxiliary heating device also includes a clamping mechanism, which includes an annular frame (3), a clamping cavity (31) matching the penetration member (1) is provided in the annular frame (3), and a plurality of accommodating cavities (32) for accommodating the heating member (5) are provided on a side of the annular frame (3) away from the clamping cavity (31), the plurality of accommodating cavities (32) being evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular frame (3), and the heating member (5) is clamped in the accommodating cavities (32).

5. The installation welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of ear lobes (4) are arranged on one side of the annular frame (3) away from the clamping cavity (31); the plurality of ear lobes (4) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular frame (3); and the accommodating cavity (32) is formed between adjacent ear lobes (4).

6. The installation welding method of a nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary heating device further comprises a reinforcement mechanism, wherein the reinforcement mechanism is used to fasten the heating element (5) to the surface of the cylinder plate (2); The reinforcement mechanism comprises a flexible member (61) and a fixing pin (62); one end of the flexible member (61) is fixedly connected to the annular frame (3), and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing pin (62); The ear flap (4) is provided with a clamping hole (41), and the fixing pin (62) can be inserted into the clamping hole (41). After the fixing pin (62) is inserted into the clamping hole (41), the two ends of the fixing pin (62) are respectively located on both sides of the clamping hole (41), and can respectively abut against the two heating elements (5) on both sides of the clamping hole (41), so that the heating element (5) is clamped between the fixing pin (62) and the cylinder plate (2), so that the heating element (5) is fastened to the surface of the cylinder plate (2).

7. The installation welding method of a nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 4, characterized in that: The annular frame (3) comprises a plurality of sub-frame bodies (33), wherein the plurality of sub-frame bodies (33) are sequentially connected end to end to form the clamping cavity (31), and adjacent sub-frame bodies (33) are connected via a connecting component, and the connecting component is capable of adjusting the gap between adjacent sub-frame bodies (33).

8. The installation welding method of a nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjacent sub-frame bodies (33) are respectively a first sub-frame body and a second sub-frame body; The connection assembly comprises a threaded connection member (71), a nut (72), a first connection frame (73) arranged on the first sub-frame body, and a second connection frame (74) arranged on the second sub-frame body. The first connection frame (73) and the second connection frame (74) are both provided with connection holes. The threaded connection member (71) can pass through the connection holes on the first connection frame (73) and the connection holes on the second connection frame (74) and then be tightened by the nut (72).

9. The installation welding method of a nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The step S100 comprises: S110, measuring and laying out to locate the opening position on the cylinder plate (2); S120, performing opening cutting at the location and processing the cutting groove; S130, inspecting the cutting groove and conducting liquid penetration testing; Wherein, the step S110 comprises: using a measuring tool to determine the angle line and the elevation line where the center of the opening position is located, the intersection point of the angle line and the elevation line is the center point of the opening position on the cylinder plate (2); using a drawing tool to draw the opening cutting line on the cylinder plate (2) based on the center point; The step S120 comprises: using a cutting device to cut along the opening cutting line to form a mounting hole for mounting the penetration member (1); after cutting, processing the cutting groove; The step S130 includes: after the groove processing is completed, performing groove inspection and liquid penetration testing.

10. The installation welding method of a nuclear power plant containment penetration piece according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: After step S300, the installation welding method of the nuclear power plant containment penetration component further includes: S400, a post-weld non-destructive testing step, after the penetration (1) or the penetration assembly is welded, a visual inspection, a liquid penetrant test, a radiographic test and an ultrasonic test are performed; S500, post-heating and post-weld heat treatment step, after welding is completed, the weld of the welding part is post-heated; wherein the post-heating temperature of the weld between the penetration piece (1) and the cylinder plate (2) is in the range of 200°C-350°C, and the post-heating time is not less than 30 minutes; the post-heating temperature of the weld between the insert plate (11) and the cylinder plate (2) is in the range of 200°C-350°C, and the post-heating time is not less than 2 hours; S600, non-destructive testing step after heat treatment.

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