High-precision PCB drilling equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of PCB manufacturing, and particularly discloses high-precision PCB drilling equipment which comprises a rack and a workbench fixedly installed at the top of the rack and used for positioning a PCB, the workbench is provided with a sliding table unit used for driving a drill bit to move in multiple directions, and the sliding table unit is provided with split type dust collecting parts distributed on the outer side of the drill bit. In the invention, the dust collection cover automatically finishes separation and closing along with the lifting of the Z-axis sliding table, the joint of the drill bit and the electric spindle can be exposed without a tool, and an operator can directly contact key parts such as a cutter handle conical surface and a chuck locking nut at the original position of the drill bit, so that the single maintenance time is greatly shortened; particularly, in a high-frequency maintenance scene (such as the real-time cleaning requirement in continuous drilling operation), the production line utilization rate is remarkably improved, and in the separated state, the dust collection cover completely retracts to the outer side of the drill bit, and a 360-degree unshielded operation space is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of PCB board manufacturing, and more specifically, it relates to a high-precision PCB board drilling device. Background Art

[0002] Modern high-precision PCB boards are usually of multi-layer structure. Electrical connections between circuits on each layer need to be achieved through via holes. Via holes are mainly divided into three types: through holes, blind holes, and buried holes. Through holes are holes that penetrate the entire PCB board and can connect the top layer and the bottom layer or the circuits on intermediate layers, thus forming a complete circuit. Their processing usually adopts the method of directly drilling through the entire board thickness in a single drilling.

[0003] In the prior art, the dust collection hood of the PCB board drilling device wraps the drill bit through an opening at the bottom. As shown in the Chinese utility model patent application with the authorization publication number CN217168787U, although dust collection can be achieved, there are certain defects: However, when manual intervention is required in special scenarios (such as when processing PCB substrates with high silicon content or flexible PI substrates, resin melt on the conical surface of the tool holder will frequently accumulate and need to be manually cleaned, and the chuck torque needs to be manually calibrated), the fixed dust collection hood will block the operation area. Workers cannot directly clean the handle with cotton swabs and need to use tweezers to extend the tool or temporarily remove the dust collection hood, or remove the drill bit for cleaning.

[0004] But first of all, disassembling the dust collection hood is rather cumbersome, which affects the processing efficiency, and frequent disassembly and assembly easily lead to loosening of the fasteners. When using tools such as tweezers for cleaning, the force application accuracy of the hand is limited, and it is difficult to completely remove the resin melt in the conical surface gap. Finally, removing the drill bit for cleaning requires additional steps such as loosening the chuck, removing the drill bit, reinstalling after cleaning, and calibrating the coaxiality. Compared with directly cleaning in place, the single operation time will be greatly extended. Especially for high-frequency maintenance scenarios (cleaning resin residues in batch drilling of PCB boards), the cumulative time consumption significantly affects the production capacity.

[0005] In addition, currently, the replacement of the drill bit is carried out by a tool-changing robotic arm from below the main shaft, then moving up to align with the drill bit tool holder to grab and disassemble the drill bit, and then the robotic arm moves to the tool magazine, selects the corresponding new tool and returns to the main shaft position for tool installation. That is to say, an execution space for the robotic arm needs to be left inside the fixed dust collection hood, which results in the inability to set a guiding structure outside the drill bit. The high-speed rotation of the drill bit will generate high-frequency and low-amplitude radial runout, and the fiberglass cloth of the PCB board cannot be completely cut vertically, thus generating more burrs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a high-precision PCB board drilling device to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] The present invention provides a high-precision PCB board drilling device, including: a frame and a workbench fixedly installed on the top of the frame and used for positioning the PCB board. A sliding table unit for driving the drill bit to move in multiple directions is arranged on the workbench, and a split dust collection part distributed outside the drill bit is arranged on the sliding table unit.

[0008] The split dust collection part includes a dust collection component used for closing during drilling to form a dust collection space and opening to expose the drill bit area during non-drilling, and a self-adjusting component used for adjusting the opening and closing of the dust collection component as the Z-axis sliding table rises and falls.

[0009] A guiding part for guiding the drill bit when the dust collection component is closed is arranged inside the dust collection component.

[0010] Furthermore, the sliding table unit includes an X-axis sliding table, a Y-axis sliding table and a Z-axis sliding table which are connected to each other. The X-axis sliding table, the Y-axis sliding table and the Z-axis sliding table are all composed of a motor, a driving lead screw, a limiting rod and a sliding frame. The sliding frame is threadedly connected with the driving lead screw and slidably sleeved on the limiting rod. The driving lead screw is driven by the motor, and the drill bit is fixedly installed at the bottom of the Z-axis sliding frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a motorized spindle for driving the drill bit is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the Z-axis sliding frame, and the drill bit is detachably installed at the output end of the motorized spindle.

[0012] Furthermore, the dust collection component includes a mounting sleeve fixedly installed outside the motorized spindle and two symmetrically arranged ear plates fixedly installed outside the mounting sleeve. A chute is opened at the bottom of the ear plate, a slider is slidably installed in the chute, and a spring telescopic rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slider.

[0013] Furthermore, a dust collection cover is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod. The left and right dust collection covers are symmetric with each other, and an exhaust duct is fixedly installed on the right dust collection cover.

[0014] Furthermore, the guiding part includes two symmetrically arranged slide rails fixedly installed on the adjacent sides of the two dust collection covers. A mounting plate is slidably installed up and down in the slide rails. Guide plates are fixedly installed on the adjacent sides of the two mounting plates. The guide plates are semi-circular, and a number of evenly spaced rollers are rotatably installed on the inner wall of the guide plates. A return spring is fixedly installed between the mounting plate and the bottom wall of the slide rail.

[0015] Furthermore, the self-adjusting component includes a rod sleeve fixedly sleeved on the fixed section of the spring telescopic rod. A Z-shaped rod is fixedly installed at the rear side of the rod sleeve. A fixing plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the X-axis sliding frame. Two symmetrically arranged adjusting grooves are opened at the front side of the fixing plate. The rear ends of the two Z-shaped rods respectively extend into the corresponding adjusting grooves and are slidably matched with the adjusting grooves.

[0016] Further, the adjustment groove is composed of a short vertical section, an inclined section, and a long vertical section in sequence from top to bottom.

[0017] Further, two limit rings are fixedly sleeved on the rear end of the Z-shaped rod. The two limit rings are distributed on the front and rear sides of the fixed plate and are slidably connected to the fixed plate to limit the Z-shaped rod.

[0018] Further, the workbench is a platform with a vacuum adsorption function.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this application, the dust collection hood automatically separates and closes with the lifting of the Z-axis slide. Without the aid of tools, the connection between the drill bit and the electric spindle can be exposed. The operator can directly contact key parts such as the tool holder taper surface and the chuck locking nut in situ of the drill bit, greatly compressing the single maintenance time. In the high-frequency maintenance scenario where resin melt accumulates rapidly during continuous drilling operations, the production line utilization rate is significantly improved. Moreover, in the separated state, the dust collection hood completely retracts to the outside of the drill bit, forming a 360° unobstructed operation space, making operations such as cleaning, calibration, and tool setting in the tool holder area more convenient.

[0020] 2. In this application, when the dust collection hood is closed, the guiding plate forms multiple-point contact with the drill bit shank through rollers, forming limit guiding, greatly improving the perpendicularity of the drill bit axis to the surface of the PCB board. As a result, the fiberglass cloth of the PCB board can be cut more vertically, improving the drilling accuracy, ensuring that the hole wall is vertically aligned with the copper foils of each layer of the circuit, avoiding the risk of interlayer short circuit, significantly reducing the incidence rate of burrs, and greatly shortening the burr length, significantly reducing the time consumed for removing burrs in the post-processing process. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is the present invention Figure 1 partial enlarged view of part A therein.

[0023] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the guiding part, electric spindle, exhaust duct, X-axis slide, and Z-axis slide parts of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the Z-shaped rod, fixed plate, adjustment groove, and ear plate parts of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the mounting sleeve, chute, slider, spring telescopic rod, and dust collection hood parts of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6It is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the dust collection hood, mounting rack and guiding plate of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a state diagram of the present invention during drilling.

[0028] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, PCB board; 3, workbench; 4, sliding table unit; 41, Y-axis sliding table; 42, X-axis sliding table; 43, Z-axis sliding table; 5, split dust collection part; 51, dust collection assembly; 511, mounting sleeve; 512, chute; 513, slider; 514, spring telescopic rod; 515, dust collection hood; 516, ear plate; 52, self-adjusting assembly; 521, rod sleeve; 522, Z-shaped rod; 523, fixing plate; 524, adjustment groove; 525, limit ring; 6, guiding part; 61, slide rail; 62, return spring; 63, mounting plate; 64, guiding plate; 7, electric spindle; 8, drill bit; 9, exhaust duct. Specific embodiments

[0029] Now, the subject matter described herein will be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed so that those skilled in the art can better understand and thus implement the subject matter described herein. The functions and arrangements of the elements discussed can be changed without departing from the scope of protection of the content of this specification. Each example can omit, substitute, or add various processes or components as needed. Additionally, the features described relative to some examples can also be combined in other examples.

[0030] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in this embodiment, a high-precision PCB board drilling device is proposed, including a frame 1 and a workbench 3 fixedly installed on the top of the frame 1 and used for positioning the PCB board 2. The workbench 3 is a platform with a vacuum adsorption function. A sliding table unit 4 for driving the drill bit 8 to move in multiple directions is arranged on the workbench 3, and a split dust collection part 5 distributed outside the drill bit 8 is arranged on the sliding table unit 4.

[0031] It should be noted that the surface of the workbench 3 is provided with uniformly distributed air holes and is connected to an external vacuum pump (not shown in the figure) through pipelines for adsorbing and fixing the PCB board 2 (a laminated structure including a backing plate, a PCB substrate, and a cover plate).

[0032] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3, the slide unit 4 includes an X-axis slide 42, a Y-axis slide 41 and a Z-axis slide 43 which are connected to each other. The X-axis slide 42, the Y-axis slide 41 and the Z-axis slide 43 are all composed of a motor, a driving lead screw, a limiting rod and a sliding frame. The sliding frame is threadedly connected to the driving lead screw and slidably sleeved on the limiting rod. The driving lead screw is driven by the motor. The drill bit 8 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the Z-axis sliding frame.

[0033] Explanation of the Cartesian rectangular coordinate system in this application: X-axis: corresponding to the left-right direction; Y-axis: corresponding to the front-back direction; Z-axis: corresponding to the up-down direction.

[0034] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a motorized spindle 7 for driving the drill bit 8 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the Z-axis sliding frame. The drill bit 8 is detachably installed at the output end of the motorized spindle 7.

[0035] During specific use, first, control the driving lead screw of the X-axis to rotate through the X-axis motor, driving the X-axis sliding frame to move along the X-axis to the target position; similarly, the Y-axis slide 41 repeats the above operation to complete the XY-plane positioning of the drill bit 8; after the positioning is completed, the motor brake locks the driving lead screws of the X-axis and the Y-axis to prevent displacement caused by processing vibration. Then, start the Z-axis motor to control the driving lead screw of the Z-axis to rotate, driving the Z-axis sliding frame to move along the Z-axis closer to the PCB board 2. During this process, the drill bit 8 gradually approaches the PCB board 2, and at the same time, the split dust collection part 5 gradually closes and adheres tightly to the PCB board 2.

[0036] Refer to Figure 3 , the split dust collection part 5 includes a dust collection component 51 for closing during drilling to form a dust collection space and opening to expose the area of the drill bit 8 during non-drilling, and a self-adjusting component 52 for adjusting the opening and closing of the dust collection component 51 as the Z-axis slide 43 moves up and down.

[0037] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the dust collection component 51 includes a mounting sleeve 511 fixedly installed outside the motorized spindle 7 and two symmetrically arranged ear plates 516 fixedly installed outside the mounting sleeve 511. A chute 512 is opened at the bottom of the ear plate 516, and a slider 513 is slidably installed in the chute 512. A spring telescopic rod 514 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slider 513.

[0038] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod 514 is fixedly installed with a dust collection cover 515. The two dust collection covers 515 on the left and right are symmetric to each other, and an exhaust duct 9 is fixedly installed on the right dust collection cover 515, and an air inlet is opened on the left dust collection cover 515.

[0039] It should be noted that a silicone rubber strip is embedded at the bottom edge of the dust collection hood 515, forming a seal with the surface of the PCB board 2 when closed, providing a basis for adsorbing drill chips, preventing small-sized drill chips from adhering to the surface of the PCB board 2 and causing secondary pollution, and at the same time avoiding drill chips from blocking the holes and affecting the subsequent electroplating and filling process of the PCB board 2.

[0040] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in

[0041] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 The adjustment groove 524 is composed of a short vertical section, an inclined section, and a long vertical section from top to bottom.

[0042] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in

[0043] During specific use, when the Z-axis slide 43 drives the electric spindle 7 and the dust collection assembly 51 to move downward, the rear end of the Z-shaped rod 522 starts to slide along the adjustment groove 524 of the fixed plate 523. At the initial stage of the descent of the Z-axis slide 43, the Z-shaped rod 522 is located in the short vertical section (initial position) of the adjustment groove 524. At this time, the dust collection hood 515 is in a separated state (maximum distance). As the Z-axis slide 43 continues to descend, the Z-shaped rod 522 enters the inclined section of the adjustment groove 524. During the process of passing through the inclined section, the Z-shaped rod 522 presses the adjustment groove 524, pushing the rod sleeve 521 and the spring telescopic rod 514 to move towards the electric spindle 7. At the same time, the slider 513 slides towards each other in the chute 512 of the ear plate 516, and finally the two dust collection hoods 515 on the left and right are synchronously closed. Then, by controlling the positive and negative rotation of the output shaft of the Z-axis motor to control the Z-axis drive lead screw to drive the sliding frame to move vertically back and forth, driving the drill bit 8 to drill the PCB board 2. At the same time, during the drilling process, the X-axis slide 42 and the Y-axis slide 41 cooperate with each other to precisely adjust the position of the drill bit 8 in the horizontal direction to perform drilling operations at different positions on the PCB board 2 (such as Figure 7As shown, the exhaust duct 9 continuously adsorbs the glass fiber dust and resin debris generated during the drilling process of the drill hole.

[0044] It should be noted that when the Z-axis slide 43 descends to the long vertical section position, the dust collection hood 515 is completely closed, and the bottom silicone rubber strip abuts against the surface of the PCB board 2 to form an annular space. The exhaust duct 9 of the right dust collection hood 515 synchronously starts vacuum dust collection. At this time, the spring telescopic rod 514 is in a slightly compressed state, and the elastic force is used to ensure that the dust collection hood 515 presses tightly against the PCB board 2.

[0045] After the drilling is completed, the Z-axis slide 43 drives the dust collection assembly 51 to rise, the Z-shaped rod 522 slides reversely along the inclined section of the adjustment groove 524, and the spring telescopic rod 514 releases the elastic potential energy, pulling the dust collection hood 515 to separate to both sides and finally returning to the initial position of the short vertical section. At this time, the connection part (such as the tool holder taper surface and the chuck locking nut) between the drill bit 8 and the electric spindle 7 is completely exposed, and the operator can directly perform manual intervention operations such as cleaning the tool holder taper surface, adjusting the chuck tightness, or calibrating the tool setter, greatly improving the convenience of manual operation.

[0046] It should be noted that during the whole process, the limit ring 525 restricts the axial movement of the Z-shaped rod 522, and the cooperation between the sliding groove 512 and the sliding block 513 ensures the straightness of the horizontal movement of the dust collection hood 515.

[0047] Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , a guiding part 6 for guiding the drill bit 8 when the dust collection assembly 51 is closed is arranged inside the dust collection assembly 51.

[0048] Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the guiding part 6 includes two slide rails 61 which are fixedly installed on the adjacent sides of the two dust collection hoods 515 and are symmetrical to each other. An installation plate 63 is slidably installed up and down in the slide rail 61. Guide plates 64 are fixedly installed on the adjacent sides of the two installation plates 63. The guide plates 64 are semi-circular, and a number of rollers are rotatably installed on the inner wall of the guide plates 64 at equal intervals. A return spring 62 is fixedly installed between the installation plate 63 and the bottom wall of the slide rail 61. When the two dust collection hoods 515 are closed, the two guide plates 64 are also butted against each other to form a limit guide for the drill bit 8.

[0049] During actual use, when the dust hood 515 descends with the Z-axis slide 43 and starts to close, the left and right guiding plates 64 move synchronously towards the center. After the dust hood 515 is completely closed, the guiding plates 64 form a complete circular guiding hole. The rollers are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the shank of the drill bit 8, restricting the radial displacement of the drill bit 8. Moreover, the multi-point contact between the rollers and the shank forms a dynamic damping system, which has a filtering effect on the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit 8. Furthermore, the perpendicularity between the drill bit 8 and the PCB board 2 is greatly improved, the drilling accuracy is enhanced, ensuring that the hole wall is vertically aligned with the copper foils of each layer of the circuit, and avoiding the risk of interlayer short circuit.

[0050] After the drilling is completed, the Z-axis slide 43 drives the dust collection assembly 51 to rise. During the process of the two dust hoods 515 separating from each other, the two guiding plates 64 also separate synchronously, releasing the limit guiding of the drill bit 8.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that: Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision PCB board drilling device, comprising: A frame (1) and a workbench (3) fixedly mounted on the top of the frame (1) and used for positioning a PCB board (2), the workbench (3) being provided with a slide unit (4) for driving a drill bit (8) to move in multiple directions, characterized in that the slide unit (4) is provided with a split dust collecting part (5) distributed on the outside of the drill bit (8); The split dust collecting part (5) comprises a dust collecting component (51) which is closed when drilling to form a dust collecting space and is opened to expose the drill bit (8) area when not drilling, and a self-adjusting component (52) which is used to adjust the opening and closing of the dust collecting component (51) as the Z-axis slide table (43) rises and falls; A guide portion (6) is provided on the inner side of the dust collecting assembly (51) for guiding the drill bit (8) when the dust collecting assembly (51) is closed.

2. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide unit (4) comprises an X-axis slide (42), a Y-axis slide (41) and a Z-axis slide (43) which are connected to each other. The X-axis slide (42), the Y-axis slide (41) and the Z-axis slide (43) are all composed of a motor, a driving screw, a limit rod and a slide frame. The slide frame is threadedly connected to the driving screw and is slidably sleeved with the limit rod. The driving screw is driven by the motor. The drill bit (8) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the Z-axis slide frame.

3. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An electric spindle (7) for driving a drill bit (8) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the Z-axis sliding frame, and the drill bit (8) is detachably mounted on the output end of the electric spindle (7).

4. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dust collecting assembly (51) comprises a mounting sleeve (511) fixedly mounted on the outside of the electric spindle (7) and two ear plates (516) fixedly mounted on the outside of the mounting sleeve (511) and symmetrical to each other, a slide groove (512) is provided at the bottom of the ear plate (516), a slider (513) is slidably mounted in the slide groove (512), and a spring telescopic rod (514) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the slider (513).

5. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dust collecting cover (515) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod (514), the left and right dust collecting covers (515) are symmetrical to each other, and an exhaust pipe (9) is fixedly mounted on the right dust collecting cover (515).

6. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide part (6) comprises two slide rails (61) fixedly mounted on the adjacent sides of the two dust collecting covers (515) and symmetrical to each other, a mounting plate (63) being mounted in the slide rail (61) for sliding up and down movement, a guide plate (64) being fixedly mounted on the adjacent sides of the two mounting plates (63), the guide plate (64) being semi-arc-shaped, and a plurality of rollers evenly spaced are rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the guide plate (64), and a return spring (62) being fixedly mounted between the mounting plate (63) and the bottom wall of the slide rail (61).

7. A high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The self-adjusting component (52) comprises a rod sleeve (521) fixedly mounted on the outside of the fixed section of the spring telescopic rod (514); a Z-shaped rod (522) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the rod sleeve (521); a fixing plate (523) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the X-axis sliding frame; two left-right symmetrical adjustment grooves (524) are formed on the front side of the fixing plate (523); and rear ends of the two Z-shaped rods (522) respectively extend into corresponding adjustment grooves (524) and are slidably matched with the adjustment grooves (524).

8. The high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment groove (524) is composed of a short vertical section, an inclined section and a long vertical section in sequence from top to bottom.

9. The high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rear end fixing sleeve of the Z-shaped rod (522) is provided with two limiting rings (525), which are distributed on the front and rear sides of the fixing plate (523) and are slidably connected to the fixing plate (523) to limit the position of the Z-shaped rod (522).

10. The high-precision PCB board drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (3) is a platform with a vacuum adsorption function.

Images