Method for preparing foliar fertilizer from coal gangue

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer from coal gangue. The prepared gangue-based foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the yield of lettuce and shallot, and the highest yield increase rates respectively reach 187.15% and 196.52%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing foliar fertilizer using coal gangue. Background Art

[0002] As an inevitable by-product in the process of coal mining and washing, the generation mechanism of coal gangue is closely related to the geological occurrence conditions of coal resources and mining technologies. During the geological history period of coal formation, the coal-forming substances and surrounding sediments underwent complex geological processes under the action of pressure, temperature, etc., forming intercalated gangue layers symbiotic with coal seams. During mining, these intercalated gangue layers are mined out with coal, becoming the main source of coal gangue. In the washing and processing stage, in order to improve the quality of coal, impurities need to be removed through processes such as screening, jigging, and dense medium separation, further generating about 10% - 15% of coal gangue. Coal gangue is mainly composed of aluminosilicate minerals, carbonaceous components, sulfides, and trace elements. Among them, clay minerals are mainly kaolinite and illite, the quartz content can reach 20% - 40%, and sulfides such as pyrite are prone to oxidation to produce acidic substances in a humid environment. This complex material composition determines its potential environmental risks. The cumulative stockpile of coal gangue has exceeded 3 billion tons, occupying more than 12,000 hectares of land area. Vegetation damage has led to a decline in regional biodiversity, and the change in surface runoff pattern has exacerbated soil erosion.

[0003] Although traditional resource utilization methods such as brick-making and road-paving can partially consume coal gangue, they have significant technical and economic defects. During the production of coal gangue sintered bricks, a large amount of energy is consumed, and the strength of the products is lower than the standard of clay bricks. When used as a subgrade material, its high-silica property makes it difficult to meet the compaction standard, and modifiers such as lime need to be admixed, increasing the process complexity. Although the chemical method for extracting alumina can achieve high-value conversion, there are technical bottlenecks such as calcium-silicon ratio imbalance and large consumption of caustic alkali, resulting in high production costs, far exceeding the market acceptance. The phenomenon of regional development imbalance is particularly prominent in the field of coal gangue resource utilization.

[0004] As a new carrier for plant nutrient supplementation, the technical requirements of foliar fertilizers highly coincide with the characteristics of coal gangue. The humic acid content in coal gangue can be transformed into fulvic acid and brown humic acid through activation treatment. Functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure have a chelating effect on trace elements. When silicon exists in the form of soluble silicic acid, it can significantly enhance the stress resistance of crops. Through technical means such as microwave-assisted acidification and ultrasonic-assisted extraction in the activation process, the efficient release of nutrient elements can be achieved. In terms of environmental benefits, for every 10,000 tons of coal gangue utilized, the occupied area of the storage yard can be reduced by 0.04 hectares, and 12 - 15 spontaneous combustion risk points can be reduced. The resource utilization of coal gangue, as a typical solid waste disposal problem, requires following the 3R principles of circular economy (reduction, reuse, and recycling). The development path of foliar fertilizers has achieved a qualitative change from "environmental burden" to "agricultural resources" through the reconstruction of material flow. Future research should focus on multi-scale structural characterization, life cycle assessment (LCA), and industrialization demonstration to provide theoretical support and practical examples for the high-value conversion of bulk solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing foliar fertilizer using coal gangue, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain coal gangue activated powder;

[0007] (2) Take mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder, stir evenly, and introduce mold for fermentation to obtain fermented material;

[0008] (3) Mix water and the fermented material, stir for 0.5 - 2.5 days, perform solid-liquid separation, and collect the liquid to obtain coal gangue aqueous extract.

[0009] (4) Pulverize beetroot to obtain beetroot pulp; mix wolfberry original pulp, beetroot pulp, and coal gangue aqueous extract, stir evenly, and add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation to obtain coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the calcination time is 0.5 - 4.5 hours, and the calcination temperature is 550 - 1050 °C.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2.5 - 17.5:10 - 40:100.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the fermentation temperature is 15 - 45 °C, and the fermentation time is 5 - 25 days;

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the mold is any one of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus glaucus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma pseudokoningii.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), water and fermented material are mixed at a liquid-solid ratio of 2.5 to 47.5:1 mL / g.

[0015] Preferably, in step (4), the mixed wolfberry puree, beetroot pulp, and coal gangue aqueous extract are mixed at a volume ratio of 0.25 to 2.75:2.5 to 12.5:100.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the fermentation time is 5 to 15 days, and the fermentation temperature is 15 to 45 °C. Preferably, the mixed fermentation bacteria in step (4) include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus aerophilus, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus niabensis, Bacillus thiaminolyticus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus microflavus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Halobacillus halophilus, Stamsella stamsii, Halobacillus salifodinae, Bacillus boroniphilus; the photosynthetic bacteria is any one of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum.

[0017] Reaction mechanism

[0018] During the calcination process of coal gangue, reactions such as decomposition, oxidation, and recrystallization occur, generating amorphous SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3Substances such as these cause lattice distortion in the minerals of coal gangue, generating a large number of crystal defects, and significantly enhancing the mineral activity and ion exchangeability. Mixing mushroom residue, earthworm cast soil, and activated coal gangue powder, the active minerals in coal gangue are fully mixed with the crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, organic carbon, minerals, humus, amino acids, and microbial communities and residual mycelia in mushroom residue and earthworm cast soil. During the fermentation process, molds convert raw materials into useful products through their metabolic activities, and a series of complex chemical reactions occur through enzymatic reactions and the synergistic catalysis of fungal enzymes, achieving the decomposition of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, organic carbon, minerals, humus, and amino acids, and generating mixed active metabolites. The active metabolites of fungal enzymes are mixed and attached to the active minerals in coal gangue and react with the active minerals. Mixing water and the fermentation material, the bacteria, enzymes, soluble minerals, soluble metabolites, and secondary substances in the fermentation material dissolve into the water body. Mixing wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and the aqueous extract of coal gangue, the wolfberry polysaccharides, wolfberry flavonoid prebiotics, amino acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and various elements such as zinc / selenium contained in wolfberry puree and the various vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, pectin, betaine, antioxidants, and other bioactive substances (components with antioxidant activity such as coumarins, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenes) contained in beetroot puree react initially with the bacteria, enzymes, soluble minerals, soluble metabolites, and secondary substances in the aqueous extract of coal gangue to form some preliminary complexes or coordination compounds. The bacteria and enzymes in the aqueous extract of coal gangue begin to carry out preliminary hydrolysis of the macromolecular substances in wolfberry puree and beetroot puree, providing available carbon sources and active substances for subsequent fermentation. Adding mixed fermentation bacteria, Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria utilize various active substances and metabolites in the mixed solution for energy metabolism and substance synthesis through metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, secrete extracellular enzymes, degrade complex organic substances, and increase available nutritional components. Photosynthetic bacteria secrete photosynthetic hydrolysis enzyme complexes and generate a variety of useful compounds through different metabolic pathways during the metabolic process. Bacillus utilizes soluble carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and other various substances in the mixed solution for growth and reproduction, and simultaneously produces various metabolites such as organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.), amino acids, vitamins, etc., and can further enrich substances such as wolfberry flavonoids, antioxidants, and various vitamins, and synthesize and produce various active enzymes. The extracellular enzymes secreted by Bacillus (such as protease, cellulase, pectinase, etc.) can further degrade the complex substances in wolfberry puree and beetroot puree, such as decomposing proteins into small molecule peptides and amino acids, and decomposing dietary fiber into soluble fiber and oligosaccharides, increasing the nutritional components and biological activity of the mixed solution. Photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus act synergistically to synthesize organic substances using the metabolites of Bacillus and the active substances in the mixed slurry. The organic substances synthesized by photosynthetic bacteria include fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides, etc., which can be used as nutritional supplements during the fermentation process to promote the growth of other microorganisms.Photosynthetic bacteria produce some useful compounds (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) during their metabolic processes, and these substances accumulate in the fermentation broth.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] The preparation method of the present invention is simple, and the main raw materials involved are bulk solid wastes, with extremely wide sources. The present invention obtains a highly active water extract of coal gangue through calcination, reasonable batching, and pre-fermentation, and then obtains a general foliar fertilizer through further batching and compound deep fermentation. The prepared coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer can effectively increase the harvest of lettuce and scallions, and the highest yield increase rates reach 187.15% and 196.52% respectively. Description of the drawings

[0021] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] Coal gangue: The coal gangue comes from Shanxi Xishan Coal and Electricity Co., Ltd., mainly including 46.87% SiO 2 、33.51% Al 2 O 3 、12.04% Fe 2 O 3 、2.72% CaO、2.36K 2 O、1.37% TiO 2 and other components (inevitable impurities and loss on ignition);

[0023] Mushroom residue: The mushroom residue comes from Shanghai XueRong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the raw material types are mainly Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus eryngii residues, which are divided into fresh materials (containing 50% - 90% water), semi-composted materials (compost treatment), and finished organic fertilizers;

[0024] Earthworm manure soil: The earthworm manure soil comes from Shanghai Fengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which is of the type of livestock and poultry manure conversion, granular, contains more than 5% humic acid, and has a neutral pH value;

[0025] Wolfberry puree: The wolfberry puree comes from Ningxia Huabao Wolfberry Industry Co., Ltd., and the raw material source is Ningxia Zhongning red wolfberries, with wolfberry polysaccharides ≥ 600mg;

[0026] Beetroot: The beetroot comes from NOW Foods, and the raw material type is red beetroot.

[0027] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder, where the calcination time is 0.5 - 4.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 550 - 1050 °C. Mix the mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder in a mass ratio of 2.5 - 17.5:10 - 40:100, stir evenly, introduce mold for fermentation to obtain a fermented material, where the fermentation temperature is 15 - 45 °C, the fermentation time is 5 - 25 days, and the mold is any one of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus glaucus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma pseudokoningii. Mix water and the fermented material in a liquid-solid ratio of 2.5 - 47.5:1 mL / g, stir for 0.5 - 2.5 days, perform solid-liquid separation, and collect the liquid to obtain the coal gangue aqueous extract. Pulverize the beetroot to obtain beetroot pulp. Mix the wolfberry puree, beetroot pulp, and coal gangue aqueous extract in a volume ratio of 0.25 - 2.75:2.5 - 12.5:100, stir evenly, add a mixed fermentation bacterium for fermentation to obtain a coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer, where the fermentation time is 5 - 15 days, the fermentation temperature is 15 - 45 °C, and the mixed fermentation bacterium includes Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is any one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus aerophilus, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus nealsonii, Bacillus thiaminolyticus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus microflavus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Halobacillus halophilus, Stamsella stamsii, Halobacillus salifodinae, and Bacillus boroniphilus; the photosynthetic bacterium is any one of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, and Erythrobacter sulfidophilus.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Example 1 Influence of the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0030] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder. The calcination time is 0.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 550 °C. Mix mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder according to the mass ratios of 1:10:100, 1.5:10:100, 2:10:100, 2.5:2.5:100, 2.5:5:100, 2.5:7.5:100, 2.5:10:100, 10:10:100, 17.5:10:100, 2.5:25:100, 10:25:100, 17.5:25:100, 2.5:40:100, 10:40:100, 17.5:40:100, 17.5:45:100, 17.5:50:100, 17.5:55:100, 20:40:100, 22.5:40:100, 25:40:100, stir evenly, introduce molds for fermentation to obtain fermented material. The fermentation temperature is 15 °C and the fermentation time is 5 days. The mold is Aspergillus niger (strain number: CGMCC 3.3287). Mix water and the fermented material according to a liquid-solid ratio of 2.5:1 mL / g, stir for 0.5 days, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain coal gangue aqueous extract. Extract the juice from beet roots to obtain beet root pulp. Mix wolfberry puree, beet root pulp, and coal gangue aqueous extract according to a volume ratio of 0.25:2.5:100, stir evenly, add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation to obtain a coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer. The fermentation time is 5 days and the fermentation temperature is 15 °C. The mixed fermentation bacteria include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis (strain number: CGMCC 1.397); the photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain number: CGMCC 1.2349).

[0031] Comparative experiment on the cultivation of lettuce and scallions: Select two identical plots to plant lettuce or scallions, namely Plot No. 1 and Plot No. 2. The cultivation and plant protection processes of lettuce or scallions are the same, and the same production cycle is maintained. No foliar fertilizer is sprayed on Plot No. 1, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed on Plot No. 2 once every seven days (the dosage of foliar fertilizer per mu of land is 1 kg, and it is used after diluting 300 times with water). The total amount of lettuce or scallions picked is counted during the entire picking period.

[0032] Calculation of the yield increase rate of lettuce and scallions: The difference between the total amount of lettuce or scallions harvested from Plot No. 2 and the total amount of lettuce or scallions harvested from Plot No. 1 is divided by the total amount of lettuce or scallions harvested from Plot No. 1 to obtain the yield increase rate of lettuce or scallions.

[0033] The test results of this example are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1 Influence of the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] As can be seen from Table 1, when the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder is less than 2.5:10:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder = 2:10:100, 1.5:10:100, 1:10:100, 2.5:7.5:100, 2.5:5:100, 2.5:2.5:100, and lower ratios not listed in Table 1), the addition of mushroom residue and earthworm manure is less, and the reaction of the three materials and the metabolic products of fungal enzymes during the mold fermentation process is insufficient, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions obtained from planting both decrease significantly as the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder decreases. When the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder is equal to 2.5 - 17.5:10 - 40:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder = 2.5:10:100, 10:10:100, 17.5:10:100, 2.5:25:100, 10:25:100, 17.5:25:100, 2.5:40:100, 10:40:100, 17.5:40:100), the mixed mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder are mixed, and the active minerals in the coal gangue are fully mixed with the crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, organic carbon, minerals, humus, amino acids, and microbial community and residual mycelia in the mushroom residue and earthworm manure. During the fermentation process, the mold converts the raw materials into useful products through its metabolic activities, and a series of complex chemical reactions occur through enzymatic reactions and the synergistic catalysis of fungal enzymes, achieving the decomposition of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, organic carbon, minerals, humus, and amino acids, and generating mixed active metabolic products. The active metabolic products of fungal enzymes are mixed and attached to the active minerals in the coal gangue and react with the active minerals. Finally, the yield increase rate of lettuce is higher than 68% and the yield increase rate of scallions is higher than 84%. When the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder is greater than 17.5:40:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder = 17.5:45:100, 17.5:50:100, 17.5:55:100, 20:40:100, 22.5:40:100, 25:40:100, and higher ratios not listed in Table 1), the addition of mushroom residue and earthworm manure is excessive, and the metabolic reaction of the three materials and fungal enzymes during the fermentation process is unbalanced, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions both decrease significantly as the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and coal gangue activated powder further increases.

[0038] Therefore, overall, considering the benefits and costs, when the mass ratio of mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder is 2.5 - 17.5:10 - 40:100, it is most beneficial to improve the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0039] Example 2: Influence of Fermentation Time on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0040] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder, where the calcination time is 2.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 800 °C. Mix the mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder according to the mass ratio of 17.5:40:100, stir evenly, introduce mold for fermentation to obtain the fermented material, where the fermentation temperature is 30 °C and the fermentation times are 2.5 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 15 days, 25 days, 27.5 days, 30 days, 32.5 days, and the mold is Aspergillus oryzae (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503). Mix water and the fermented material according to the liquid-solid ratio of 25:1 mL / g, stir for 1.5 days, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the water extract of coal gangue. Squeeze the beetroot to obtain beetroot pulp. Mix the wolfberry pulp, beetroot pulp, and the water extract of coal gangue according to the volume ratio of 1.5:7.5:100, stir evenly, add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation to obtain the coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer, where the fermentation time is 10 days and the fermentation temperature is 30 °C. The mixed fermentation bacteria include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain number: CGMCC 1.15674); the photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain number: CGMCC 1.3368).

[0041] The comparison test of lettuce and scallion planting and the calculation of the yield increase rate of lettuce and scallion are the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2: Influence of Fermentation Time on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0043] Fermentation time Yield increase rate of lettuce Yield increase rate of scallions 2.5 days 48.32％ 60.84％ 3 days 57.13％ 73.91％ 4 days 65.75％ 84.58％ 5 days 82.14％ 100.39％ 15 days 86.71％ 106.43％ 25 days 89.52％ 111.85％ 27.5 days 79.46％ 97.67％ 30 days 66.78％ 89.54％ 32.5 days 60.35％ 76.72％

[0044] As can be seen from Table 2, when the fermentation time is less than 5 days (such as in Table 2, fermentation time = 4 days, 3 days, 2.5 days and lower values not listed in Table 2), the fermentation time of mold is short and the mold fermentation is insufficient, resulting in the degradation of the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions obtained from planting both decrease significantly as the fermentation time decreases. When the fermentation time is equal to 5 - 25 days (such as in Table 2, fermentation time = 5 days, 15 days, 25 days), during the fermentation process, the mold converts the raw materials into useful products through its metabolic activities and a series of complex chemical reactions occur through enzymatic reactions and the synergistic catalysis of fungal enzymes, achieving the decomposition of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, organic carbon, minerals, humus, and amino acids, and generating a mixture of active metabolites. The active metabolites of fungal enzymes are mixed and attached to the active minerals in coal gangue and react with the active minerals. Finally, the yield increase rate of lettuce is higher than 82% and the yield increase rate of scallions is higher than 100%. When the fermentation time is greater than 25 days (such as in Table 2, fermentation time = 27.5 days, 30 days, 32.5 days and higher values not listed in Table 2), the fermentation time of mold is too long, and the metabolic reactions of the three materials and fungal enzymes are unbalanced during the fermentation process, resulting in the degradation of the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions both decrease significantly as the fermentation time further increases.

[0045] Therefore, generally speaking, considering both benefits and costs, when the fermentation time is equal to 5 - 25 days, it is most beneficial to improve the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0046] Example 3 Influence of the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0047] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder. The calcination time is 4.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 1050 °C. Mix mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder according to a mass ratio of 17.5:40:100, stir evenly, introduce mold for fermentation to obtain a fermented material. The fermentation temperature is 45 °C, the fermentation time is 25 days, and the mold is Aspergillus terreus (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503). Mix water and the fermented material according to a liquid-solid ratio of 47.5:1 mL / g, stir for 2.5 days, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a water extract of coal gangue. Extract juice from beet roots to obtain beet root pulp. Mix wolfberry puree, beet root pulp, and the water extract of coal gangue according to volume ratios of 0.1:2.5:100, 0.15:2.5:100, 0.2:2.5:100, 0.25:1:100, 0.25:1.5:100, 0.25:2:100, 0.25:2.5:100, 1.5:2.5:100, 2.75:2.5:100, 0.25:7.5:100, 1.5:7.5:100, 2.75:7.5:100, 0.25:12.5:100, 1.5:12.5:100, 2.75:12.5:100, 2.75:15:100, 2.75:17.5:100, 2.75:20:100, 3:12.5:100, 3.25:12.5:100, 3.5:12.5:100, stir evenly, add a mixed fermentation bacterium for fermentation to obtain a coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer. The fermentation time is 15 days, the fermentation temperature is 45 °C, and the mixed fermentation bacterium includes Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Paenibacillus polymyxa (strain number: CGMCC 1.15984); the photosynthetic bacterium is Rhodobacter capsulatus (strain number: CGMCC 1.3366).

[0048] The comparative test of lettuce and scallion planting and the calculation of the yield increase rate of lettuce and scallion are the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3 Influence of the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beet root pulp, and the water extract of coal gangue on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from Table 3, when the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract is less than 0.25:2.5:100 (as in Table 3, the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract = 0.2:2.5:100, 0.15:2.5:100, 0.1:2.5:100, 0.25:2:100, 0.25:1.5:100, 0.25:1:100, and lower ratios not listed in Table 3), the addition of wolfberry puree and beetroot puree is less, and the reaction of the three materials and the metabolites of bacteria and enzymes during the compound bacteria fermentation is insufficient, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions obtained from planting both decrease significantly as the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract decreases. When the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract is equal to 0.25 - 2.75:2.5 - 12.5:100 (as in Table 3, the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract = 0.25:2.5:100, 1.5:2.5:100, 2.75:2.5:100, 0.25:7.5:100, 1.5:7.5:100, 2.75:7.5:100, 0.25:12.5:100, 1.5:12.5:100, 2.75:12.5:100), when the wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract are mixed, the wolfberry polysaccharides, wolfberry flavonoid prebiotics, amino acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and various elements such as zinc / selenium contained in the wolfberry puree and the various vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, pectin, betaine, antioxidants, and other bioactive substances (components with antioxidant activity such as coumarins, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpenoids) contained in the beetroot puree react initially with the bacteria, enzymes, soluble minerals, soluble metabolites, and secondary substances in the coal gangue aqueous extract to form some preliminary complexes or coordination compounds. The bacteria and enzymes in the coal gangue aqueous extract begin to carry out preliminary hydrolysis on the macromolecular substances in the wolfberry puree and beetroot puree, providing available carbon sources and active substances for subsequent fermentation. Finally, the yield increase rate of lettuce is higher than 90% and the yield increase rate of scallions is higher than 115%. When the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract is greater than 2.75:12.5:100 (as in Table 3, the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract = 2.75:15:100, 2.75:17.5:100, 2.75:20:100, 3:12.5:100, 3.25:12.5:100, 3.5:12.5:100, and higher ratios not listed in Table 3), the addition of wolfberry puree and beetroot puree is excessive, and the metabolic reaction of the three materials and bacteria and enzymes is unbalanced during the fermentation process, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rates of lettuce and scallions both decrease significantly as the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract further increases.

[0053] Therefore, overall, considering both benefits and costs, when the volume ratio of wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract is 0.25 - 2.75:2.5 - 12.5:100, it is most conducive to improving the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0054] Example 4: Influence of Mold on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0055] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder, where the calcination time is 4.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 1050 °C. Mix mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder according to a mass ratio of 17.5:40:100, stir evenly, introduce mold for fermentation to obtain fermented material, where the fermentation temperature is 45 °C and the fermentation time is 25 days. The mold is any one of Aspergillus niger (strain number: CGMCC 3.3287), Aspergillus oryzae (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503), Aspergillus terreus (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503), Aspergillus sydowii (strain number: CGMCC 3.13944), Aspergillus versicolor (strain number: CGMCC3.15654), Aspergillus glaucus (strain number: CGMCC 3.3975), Rhizopus oryzae (strain number: CGMCC 3.17463), Trichoderma viride (strain number: CGMCC 3.15484), and Trichoderma pseudokoningii (strain number: CGMCC 3.18014). Mix water and the fermented material according to a liquid-solid ratio of 47.5:1 mL / g, stir for 2.5 days, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain coal gangue aqueous extract. Squeeze the beetroot to obtain beetroot puree. Mix wolfberry puree, beetroot puree, and coal gangue aqueous extract according to a volume ratio of 2.75:12.5:100, stir evenly, add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation to obtain coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer, where the fermentation time is 10 days and the fermentation temperature is 45 °C. The mixed fermentation bacteria include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus sonorensis (strain number: CGMCC 1.15888); the photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain number: CGMCC 1.2176).

[0056] The comparative experiment of lettuce and scallion planting and the calculation of the yield increase rate of lettuce and scallion are the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 4.

[0057] Table 4: Influence of Mold on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] As can be seen from Table 4, when the mold is any one of Aspergillus niger (strain number: CGMCC 3.3287), Aspergillus oryzae (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503), Aspergillus terreus (strain number: CGMCC 3.15503), Aspergillus sydowii (strain number: CGMCC 3.13944), Aspergillus versicolor (strain number: CGMCC 3.15654), Aspergillus glaucus (strain number: CGMCC 3.3975), Rhizopus oryzae (strain number: CGMCC 3.17463), Trichoderma viride (strain number: CGMCC 3.15484) and Trichoderma pseudokoningii (strain number: CGMCC 3.18014), the foliar fertilizer prepared can significantly increase the yield of lettuce and scallions.

[0061] Example 5 Effect of Bacillus on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0062] Put the coal gangue into a furnace for calcination, and then grind the calcined material to obtain activated coal gangue powder. The calcination time is 4.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 1050 °C. Mix mushroom residue, earthworm manure, and activated coal gangue powder according to a mass ratio of 17.5:40:100, stir evenly, introduce mold for fermentation to obtain fermented material. The fermentation temperature is 45 °C, the fermentation time is 25 days, and the mold is Trichoderma pseudokoningii (strain number: CGMCC 3.18014). Mix water and the fermented material according to a liquid-solid ratio of 47.5:1 mL / g, stir for 2.5 days, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain coal gangue aqueous extract. Squeeze the beetroot to obtain beetroot pulp. Mix wolfberry puree, beetroot pulp, and coal gangue aqueous extract according to a volume ratio of 2.75:12.5:100, stir evenly, add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation to obtain coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer. The fermentation time is 15 days, the fermentation temperature is 45 °C, and the mixed fermentation bacteria include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus are Bacillus subtilis (strain number: CGMCC 1.397), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain number: CGMCC1.15674), Paenibacillus polymyxa (strain number: CGMCC 1.15984), Bacillus sonorensis (strain number: CGMCC 1.15888), Bacillus aerophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15886), Bacillus paralicheniformis (strain number: CGMCC1.15832), Bacillus niabensis (strain number: CGMCC 1.16140), Bacillus thiaminolyticus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16118), Bacillus firmus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16095), Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC1.16094), Bacillus microflavus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16090), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16087), Halobacillus halophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16083), Bacillus stamsii (strain number: CGMCC1.16082), Halobacillus salifodinae (strain number: CGMCC1.15964), Bacillus boroniphilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15846); the photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (strain number: CGMCC 1.2192).

[0063] The comparison test of lettuce and scallion planting and the calculation of the yield increase rate of lettuce and scallion are the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 5.

[0064] Table 5 Influence of Bacillus on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 5, when the Bacillus is any one of Bacillus subtilis (strain number: CGMCC 1.397), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain number: CGMCC 1.15674), Paenibacillus polymyxa (strain number: CGMCC 1.15984), Bacillus sonorensis (strain number: CGMCC 1.15888), Bacillus aerophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15886), Bacillus paralicheniformis (strain number: CGMCC 1.15832), Bacillus niabensis (strain number: CGMCC 1.16140), Bacillus aneurinolyticus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16118), Bacillus firmus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16095), Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC 1.16094), Bacillus microflavus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16090), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16087), Halobacillus halophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.16083), Stamsella sp. (strain number: CGMCC 1.16082), Halobacillus salifodinae (strain number: CGMCC 1.15964), Borobacillus boroniphilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15846), the foliar fertilizer prepared can significantly increase the yield of lettuce and scallions.

[0068] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing foliar fertilizer using coal gangue, comprising the following steps: (1) placing coal gangue in a furnace for calcining, and then grinding the calcined material to obtain coal gangue activated powder; (2) taking mushroom residue, earthworm castings, and activated coal gangue powder, stirring them evenly, and introducing mold to ferment them to obtain a fermented material; (3) stirring water and fermented material for 0.5 to 2.5 days, separating the solid and liquid, and collecting the liquid to obtain the coal gangue water extract. (4) Squeeze beetroot pulp to obtain beetroot pulp; mix wolfberry pulp, beetroot pulp, and coal gangue water extract, stir evenly, add mixed fermentation bacteria for fermentation, and obtain coal gangue-based foliar fertilizer.

2. According to the method of claim 1, the calcination time in step (1) is 0.5 to 4.5 hours and the calcination temperature is 550 to 1050°C.

3. According to the method of claim 1, in step (2), the mushroom residue, earthworm castings and activated coal gangue powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2.5 to 17.5:10 to 40:

100.

4. According to the method of claim 1, the fermentation temperature in step (2) is 15-45°C and the fermentation time is 5-25 days.

5. according to the method described in claim 1, in step (2), the mold is any one of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus polypoly, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus glaucus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma pseudokoningii.

6. According to the method of claim 1, in step (3), water and fermentation material are mixed at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2.5 to 47.5:1 mL / g.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the wolfberry puree, beetroot pulp and coal gangue water extract are mixed in a volume ratio of 0.25-2.75:2.5-12.5:

100.

8. According to the method of claim 1, the fermentation time in step (4) is 5 to 15 days and the fermentation temperature is 15 to 45°C And / or, in step (4), the mixed fermentation bacteria include Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, the Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus sonora, Bacillus aerophilus, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus niab, Bacillus thiamine solubilizing, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus flavescentis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus halophilus, Bacillus stamersii, Bacillus halophilus, Bacillus borax; and the photosynthetic bacteria is any one of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, and Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophilus.

9. A foliar fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of foliar fertilizer for increasing the yield of lettuce and shallot, the foliar fertilizer being prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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