Preparation method of cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer based on biological enhancement and fermentation treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural technologies, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer based on biological enhancement and fermentation treatment.The preparation method comprises the steps that composite flora and a corn flour matrix are mixed, then water is added, the humidity is adjusted to 60%, standing and propagation expanding are conducted for 15 days under the condition that the temperature is smaller than or equal to 10 DEG C, and stirring is conducted once every two days in the period; the composite flora consists of saccharomycetes, bacillus and lactobacillus; by adopting plateau specific flora, efficient propagation can still be completed in an environment of less than or equal to 10 DEG C, and the limitation of a traditional composting technology on temperature is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of organic fertilizer for cattle and sheep manure based on biofortification and fermentation treatment. Background Art

[0002] At present, the treatment of cattle and sheep manure in alpine pastoral areas mainly adopts the following methods: the manure is stacked in the open air for 3 - 6 months, relying on environmental microorganisms for natural composting; some herders directly use the dried cattle and sheep manure as domestic fuel, especially when fuel is scarce in winter, making up for the shortage of other energy sources in alpine areas; there are also those who transport the collected manure to low-altitude areas for sale and use it as raw materials for local organic fertilizer factories or agricultural production to generate economic benefits.

[0003] Among them, in the above methods, the natural composting method has defects when implemented in alpine pastoral areas. Traditional fermentation inoculants lose their activity in an environment with an average annual temperature ≤ 10°C in the plateau. The natural composting period is as long as 90 - 120 days, the composting period is long, nutrient loss is relatively large, and the activity of microorganisms is limited in cold climates, resulting in low composting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of organic fertilizer for cattle and sheep manure based on biofortification and fermentation treatment to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of organic fertilizer for cattle and sheep manure based on biofortification and fermentation treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Mix the composite microbial community with corn flour matrix and add water to adjust the humidity to 60%, and stand for propagation for 15 days at ≤ 10°C, stirring once every 2 days during this period;

[0008] The composite microbial community is composed of yeast, bacillus, and lactobacillus;

[0009] S2. Add nitrogen source to the cattle and sheep manure to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material reach 25 - 35:1;

[0010] S3. Adjust the water content of the material to 60 - 65% to form a natural surface shell;

[0011] S4. Stack the conditioned material into a bun-shaped heap with a height ≥ 2 meters and a single heap weight ≥ 20 tons;

[0012] S5. Apply the fermentation inoculant obtained in step S1 to the inner pores of the heap at a ratio of 1 kg / ton;

[0013] S6. Control the central temperature of the heap body to experience three-stage changes of 50 - 60 °C, above 65 °C, and natural cooling. During this period, turn the heap 1 - 2 times, and the total fermentation cycle is 30 - 40 days;

[0014] S7. After fermentation is completed, add a composite functional microbial community containing low-temperature active microorganisms at a ratio of 0.3 - 0.5 billion CFU / kg, and conduct secondary fermentation for 10 - 20 days to prepare organic fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, 1% urea is added to the corn flour matrix in step S1, and the propagation ratio is microbial agent dry powder : corn flour matrix : water = 1 kg : 50 kg : 20 kg.

[0016] Preferably, the nitrogen source addition amount in step S2 is 2 - 3 kg per ton of cattle and sheep manure.

[0017] Preferably, the heap body in step S4 is treated in an open-air environment and relies on the natural shell for water and heat preservation.

[0018] Preferably, the first turning time in step S6 is when the central temperature of the heap body first reaches 65 °C, and the second turning is carried out when the temperature rises to 65 °C again.

[0019] Preferably, the composite functional microbial community in step S7 contains at least two of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and biocontrol bacteria.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) By adopting plateau-specific microbial communities, efficient propagation can still be completed in an environment of ≤10 °C, reducing the temperature limitation of traditional composting technology.

[0022] (2) Through carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation and dynamic turning technology, the fermentation cycle is compressed, improving the preparation efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is one of the process flowcharts of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of fermented sheep manure of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. Mix the composite microbial community with corn flour matrix, add water to adjust the humidity to 60%, and let it stand and multiply for 15 days at a temperature of ≤10°C, stirring once every 2 days during this period;

[0029] The composite microbial community consists of yeast, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus;

[0030] S2. Add nitrogen source to the cattle and sheep manure to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material reach 25 - 35:1;

[0031] S3. Adjust the water content of the material to 60 - 65% to form a natural surface shell;

[0032] S4. Stack the conditioned material into a bun-shaped pile with a height of ≥2 meters and a single pile weight of ≥20 tons;

[0033] S5. Apply the fermentation inoculant obtained in step S1 to the inner pores of the pile at a ratio of 1 kg / ton;

[0034] S6. Control the central temperature of the pile to experience three stages of change: 50 - 60°C, above 65°C, and natural cooling. During this period, turn the pile 1 - 2 times, and the total fermentation cycle is 30 - 40 days;

[0035] S7. After fermentation is completed, add a composite functional microbial community containing low-temperature active microorganisms at a ratio of 0.3 - 0.5 billion CFU / kg, and perform secondary fermentation for 10 - 20 days to prepare the organic fertilizer.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, 1% urea is added to the corn flour matrix in step S1, and the multiplication ratio is inoculant dry powder: corn flour matrix: water = 1 kg: 50 kg: 20 kg.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the addition amount of the nitrogen source in step S2 is 2 - 3 kg / ton of cattle and sheep manure.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pile in step S4 is treated in an open-air environment, and water and heat are retained by relying on the natural shell.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the timing of the first pile turning in step S6 is when the central temperature of the pile first reaches 65°C, and the second pile turning is performed when the temperature rises to 65°C again.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composite functional microbial community in step S7 contains at least two of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and biocontrol bacteria.

[0041] Example 2: Preparation of Cow Dung Organic Fertilizer in Hongguang Village, Zoige County

[0042] (1) Collect 20 tons of local yak dung with a moisture content of 45%, a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 32:1, and a pH value of 6.8.

[0043] (2) Preparation of microbial agents:

[0044] Propagation and fermentation bacteria: Take 1 kg of compound microbial agent dry powder (containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC33055, Bacillus sp. CGMCC1.1657, Lactobacillus sp. ACCC11023) and mix it with 50 kg of corn flour + 1.5 kg of urea, add 20 kg of water to adjust the humidity to 60%, and let it stand and propagate in a constant temperature room at 8°C for 15 days. During this period, mechanically stir for 5 minutes every 48 hours; obtain a liquid microbial agent with a viable bacteria count ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0045] (3) Fermentation treatment:

[0046] Add 3 kg of urea per ton to the cow dung to adjust the C / N ratio to 28:1; spray atomized water to increase the material humidity to 62%, and form a 2-cm-thick natural shell on the surface of the pile; use a forklift to stack it into a conical pile with a bottom diameter of 4 m × a height of 2.3 m; drill 12 holes at a spacing of 1 m in the center of the pile and inject 20 kg of the prepared liquid microbial agent.

[0047] (4) Fermentation process:

[0048] On the 5th day: The central temperature reaches 58°C, and the first turning of the pile is carried out;

[0049] On the 12th day: The temperature rises back to 68°C, and the second turning of the pile is carried out;

[0050] On the 25th day: The temperature stabilizes below 40°C, and white mycelia appear;

[0051] The total fermentation period is 35 days.

[0052] Add a compound microbial agent containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria ACCC11081 and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria CGMCC1.2536 (viable bacteria count ≥ 2×10 9 CFU / g), and evenly spread it at a ratio of 0.4 kg / ton for secondary fermentation for 15 days.

[0053] Detect the organic fertilizer, and the detection results are as follows:

[0054] Organic fertilizer indicators: Total nutrients 12.3%, organic matter 55.6%, viable bacteria count 47 million / g, pH 6.5, parasite egg mortality rate 100%.

[0055] Application effect, the results are as follows:

[0056] Broadcast at 300 - 400 kg per mu on natural pastures. After 6 months of measurement, the forage yield increased by more than 40%, the soil organic matter increased from 2.1% to 3.4%, and the proportion of weeds decreased from 35% to 12%.

[0057] Example 3: Comparative experiment on sheep manure treatment in Hongxing Town

[0058] The experimental group used the method of Claim 1 to treat 20 tons of sheep manure, with a single turning of the pile and a total cycle of 38 days; the control group used traditional natural composting (without adding microbial agents and without adjusting the C / N ratio), with a cycle of 90 days;

[0059] Collect data on the composting time, organic matter content, viable bacteria count, heavy metal passivation rate, and inactivation of weed seeds. The specific data is as follows:

[0060] Index Experimental group Control group Maturity time 38 days 90 days Organic matter content 53.2％ 41.8％ Viable bacteria count 0.38 billion / g 0.05 billion / g Heavy metal passivation rate 85％ 32％ Weed seed inactivation 100％ 67％

[0061] Example 4: Scheme for avoiding turning the pile in remote pastoral areas

[0062] Treat 30 tons of cow dung in a remote pastoral area at an altitude of 3450m: adjust the C / N ratio to 30:1 and the humidity to 61%; increase the height of the pile to 2.5m and extend the fermentation to 55 days;

[0063] Under the condition of not turning the pile, the peak central temperature reached 63°C and lasted for 8 days, the organic matter content was 51.3%, and fecal coliforms were not detected.

[0064] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix the composite bacterial community with the corn flour matrix, add water to adjust the humidity to 60%, and place it at ≤10°C for 15 days, stirring it every 2 days; The composite flora consists of yeast, bacillus and lactobacillus; S2, adding nitrogen source to cattle and sheep manure to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material reach 25-35:1; S3, adjusting the moisture content of the material to 60-65% to form a natural shell on the surface; S4. Pile the quenched and tempered materials into a steamed bun-shaped pile with a height of ≥2 meters and a single pile weight of ≥20 tons; S5, applying the fermentation agent obtained in step S1 to the pores in the pile at a rate of 1 kg / ton; S6. Control the temperature of the center of the pile to experience three stages of change: 50-60°C, above 65°C, and natural cooling. Turn the pile 1-2 times during this period. The total fermentation period is 30-40 days. S7. After the fermentation is completed, a composite functional bacterial flora containing low-temperature active microorganisms is added at a ratio of 30-50 million CFU / kg, and a secondary fermentation is performed for 10-20 days to prepare an organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn flour matrix described in step S1 is added with 1% urea, and the propagation ratio is dry powder of bacterial agent: corn flour matrix: water = 1kg: 50kg: 20kg.

3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of nitrogen source added in step S2 is 2-3 kg / ton of cattle and sheep manure.

4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pile body in step S4 is treated in an open air environment, relying on the natural shell to retain water and heat.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first turning of the compost in step S6 is performed when the temperature at the center of the compost reaches 65°C for the first time, and the second turning of the compost is performed when the temperature rises to 65°C again.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure based on bioaugmentation and fermentation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite functional bacterial community in step S7 comprises at least two of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and biocontrol bacteria.

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