Cotton fiber waste decomposing inoculant, application method thereof and prepared decomposing substrate

Abstract

The invention discloses a cotton fiber waste decomposing microbial inoculum, an application method thereof and a prepared decomposing substrate. The cotton fiber waste decomposing microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, geobacillus stearothermophilus and streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules. The cotton fiber waste decomposing microbial inoculum provided by the invention can effectively decompose cotton fiber waste with high crystallinity, and can effectively improve the carbon nitrogen ratio and fertility of a decomposed substrate by adding livestock manure and regulating temperature in the application process, so that the cotton fiber waste decomposing microbial inoculum can be widely applied to the fields of agriculture and microorganisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, and particularly relates to a cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent, its application method, and the prepared composting substrate. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural composting substrates are obtained by microbial fermentation and decomposition, which convert organic waste into stable, harmless, and humus-rich organic fertilizers or cultivation substrates. The core lies in the biodegradation process, which transforms complex organic substances (such as cellulose, lignin, proteins, etc.) into small molecule substances like humic acid and fulvic acid, while eliminating pathogens, weed seeds, and harmful substances.

[0003] Through the fermentation and decomposition of organic waste by microorganisms, not only can the resource utilization rate be improved and the treatment cost be reduced, but also the prepared composting substrate can be used to improve soil structure, provide nutrient slow release, promote microbial activity, and thus enhance the growth efficiency of crops. According to different raw material sources, composting substrates can be divided into livestock manure type, straw type, mixed organic waste type, etc. Among them, substrates made from cellulose-containing waste (such as cotton fiber) have attracted much attention due to their rich resources and high carbon content.

[0004] Cotton fiber is a natural cellulose material developed from the epidermal cells of cotton seeds, mainly composed of cellulose (accounting for more than 90%), a small amount of hemicellulose, wax, pectin, and ash. It has a wide range of sources, including textile waste, agricultural residues, and domestic waste. The global annual output of cotton fiber waste exceeds 20 million tons, but the utilization rate is less than 30%. Traditional treatment methods mainly include landfill or incineration, which not only occupy land but also release carbon dioxide and harmful gases.

[0005] The high cellulose content of cotton fiber makes it an ideal raw material for composting substrates. However, its structure is dense, with a high crystallinity (the cellulose crystallinity reaches 60 - 70%), and it contains anti-degradation components such as wax and pectin, resulting in slow natural decomposition and the need for artificial intervention to accelerate composting.

[0006] Due to the high crystallinity of cotton fiber, existing technologies often use chemical treatment methods to destroy its crystal structure before composting. However, chemical reagents often affect the survival of microorganisms and cause environmental pollution. At the same time, the composting efficiency of cotton fiber is low, the degradation period is long, and the prepared composting substrate has a high carbon content but a low nitrogen content, resulting in a serious imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio and making it unable to be directly applied in the agricultural production process.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite microbial agent that can efficiently compost cotton fiber, as well as an application method that can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio and fertility of the composting substrate. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Object of the Invention: Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a composite microbial agent that can efficiently decompose cotton fibers, and an application method and the prepared decomposed substrate that can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio and fertility of the decomposed substrate.

[0009] Technical Solution: On the one hand, the present invention provides a microbial agent for decomposing cotton fiber waste, and the microbial agent for decomposing cotton fiber waste includes Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules; The strain of Bacillus subtilis is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation date is November 20, 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 14929; The strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation date is January 9, 1996, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.1866; The strain of Streptococcus thermophilus is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation date is June 21, 2005, and the preservation number is CGMCC1.3996.

[0010] Furthermore, the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent for decomposing cotton fiber waste is not less than 5×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is not less than 1×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus is not less than 3×10 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of Bacillus subtilis > the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus > the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus.

[0011] For example, the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent for decomposing cotton fiber waste is 5×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus is 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0012] By using Bacillus subtilis as the main active strain for decomposing cotton fibers, the present invention can effectively decompose low-crystalline fibers in the waste and disassemble the fiber structure in the medium-temperature environment in the early stage. Then, in the high-temperature environment in the middle stage, Geobacillus stearothermophilus can decompose both high-crystalline fibers and livestock manure simultaneously, not only achieving efficient decomposition of cotton fibers, but also improving the carbon-nitrogen ratio and component uniformity of the matured substrate, thereby enhancing its application value.

[0013] Further, the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is prepared through the following steps: (1) Prepare a Bacillus subtilis microbial agent through the cultivation and scale-up cultivation of Bacillus subtilis; (2) Prepare a Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial agent through the cultivation and scale-up cultivation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus; (3) Prepare a Streptococcus thermophilus microbial agent through the cultivation, scale-up cultivation, and microencapsulation of Streptococcus thermophilus; (4) Mix the Bacillus subtilis microbial agent and the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial agent, and then perform freeze-drying for standby; (5) Mix the freeze-dried Streptococcus thermophilus microbial agent with the product of step (4) to obtain the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent.

[0014] By adding microcapsules of Streptococcus thermophilus, the present invention can continue to decompose cellulose in the later stage of composting and catalyze the polymerization of substances such as phenols in the substrate to form humic acid, thereby forming a stable humic substance structure and being effectively applied in agricultural planting.

[0015] Further, in step (1), the culture medium is LB liquid culture medium; In step (2), the culture medium is TSB culture medium; In step (3), the culture medium is MRS culture medium, and the microcapsule is sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsule.

[0016] By forming the Streptococcus thermophilus microbial agent into the form of microcapsules, on the one hand, it can avoid the influence of the acidity of Streptococcus thermophilus on the activities of the other two strains during the mixing process; on the other hand, the microcapsules gradually break and release Streptococcus thermophilus in the middle and later stages of composting, which can not only avoid its adverse effects on the early stage of composting, but also maintain its own activity and effectively carry out the composting process in the later stage.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention provides an application method of any of the above cotton fiber waste composting microbial agents, including the following steps: (1) Mechanically crush the cotton fiber waste to 2 - 5 cm, then add the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent to form a waste pile, and turn the pile once a day for 5 - 7 days; (2)When the temperature of the heap rises to 50 - 55 °C, add livestock manure and buffer agent, mix evenly, then turn the heap to control the temperature and spray water to keep the humidity, and continue for 25 - 30 days; (3)When the temperature of the heap drops to 40 - 45 °C, compact the waste heap, adjust the turning frequency to once a week, and add calcium phosphate to adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5, and continue for 10 - 15 days; (4)When the temperature of the heap drops to 25 - 30 °C, spread out the waste heap for drying in the sun, dry it naturally through ventilation, then sieve it and conduct quality inspection to make a mature substrate.

[0018] In the application method provided by the present invention, the changes in the composting stage are detected through temperature changes, enabling simple and effective control of the temperature, humidity, and pH in different stages, thereby achieving rapid response in different stages and improving the composting efficiency and effect.

[0019] Furthermore, the addition amount of the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is 1.5 - 2% of the mass of the cotton fiber waste.

[0020] Furthermore, the addition amount of the livestock manure is 25 - 35% of the mass of the cotton fiber waste.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (1), the waste heap is in the shape of a long trapezoid, with a heap height of 1 - 1.5 m, a bottom width of 2 - 3 m, and a top width of 1 - 1.5 m; In step (2), the buffer agent is selected from at least one of calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate, and the addition amount of the buffer agent is 1 - 3% of the total mass of the cotton fiber waste and the livestock manure; In step (2), the temperature for turning the heap to control the temperature is 60 - 65 °C, and the humidity for spraying water to keep the humidity is 50 - 60%; In step (4), the water content after drying is 30 - 40%, and the sieving is through a 3 - 5 mm sieve.

[0022] Furthermore, the humic acid content of the mature substrate is 20 - 25%, the germination index is not less than 80%, and the Escherichia coli content is not more than 100 CFU / g.

[0023] Finally, the present invention provides a mature substrate prepared by the application method of any one of the above cotton fiber waste composting microbial agents.

[0024] The mature substrate provided by the present invention has a balanced carbon-nitrogen ratio, a relatively high humic acid content, is rich in various nutrient elements, and has a uniform and stable structure, which can effectively improve soil fertility and water retention capacity, enabling it to be widely used in the agricultural field.

[0025] Beneficial effects: (1) The cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention is prepared by microencapsulating Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Streptococcus thermophilus, which can effectively decompose cotton fiber waste with high crystallinity. Meanwhile, by adding livestock manure during the application process and regulating the temperature, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and fertility of the composted substrate can be effectively improved, thereby enabling it to be widely used in the agricultural and microbial fields.

[0026] (2) For the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention, by using Bacillus subtilis as the main active strain for cotton fiber decomposition, it can effectively decompose the low-crystalline fibers in the waste and disassemble the fiber structure in the medium-temperature environment in the early stage. Then, in the high-temperature environment in the middle stage, Geobacillus stearothermophilus can decompose both the high-crystalline fibers and livestock manure simultaneously, not only achieving efficient decomposition of cotton fibers but also increasing the carbon-nitrogen ratio and component uniformity of the composted substrate, and enhancing its application value.

[0027] (3) For the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention, by adding microcapsules of Streptococcus thermophilus, it can continue to decompose cellulose in the later stage of composting and catalyze the polymerization of substances such as phenols in the substrate to form humic acid, thereby forming a stable humus structure and being effectively applied in agricultural planting.

[0028] (4) For the application method of the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention, by detecting the changes in the composting stage through temperature changes, it can simply and effectively regulate the temperature, humidity, and pH in different stages, thereby achieving rapid response in different stages and improving the composting efficiency and effect.

[0029] (5) For the application method of the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention, through the selection of the types and preparation forms of each inoculant and the regulation of temperature, humidity, and pH, not only can the high-efficiency action of each strain in a single stage be achieved, maintaining the activity of the strains between different stages, but also a synergistic effect can be achieved, improving the decomposition rate of cotton fiber waste and the application value of the composted substrate.

[0030] (6) The composted substrate prepared by the application method of the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant of the present invention has a balanced carbon-nitrogen ratio, a relatively high humic acid content, is rich in various nutrient elements, and has a uniform and stable structure, which can effectively improve soil fertility and water retention capacity, enabling it to be widely used in the agricultural field. Specific Embodiments

[0031] The following will illustrate the present invention in combination with specific implementation schemes. It should be noted that the following examples are examples of the present invention, only used to illustrate the present invention, and not to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various improvements within the concept of the present invention can be made without departing from the main idea or scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1 The cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is prepared through the following steps: (1) The Bacillus subtilis microbial agent is prepared by culturing and expanding Bacillus subtilis in LB liquid medium; (2) The Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial agent is prepared by culturing and expanding Geobacillus stearothermophilus in TSB medium; (3) The Streptococcus thermophilus microbial agent is prepared by culturing, expanding and embedding Streptococcus thermophilus in sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules in MRS medium; (4) The Bacillus subtilis microbial agent and the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial agent are mixed and then freeze-dried for standby; (5) The Streptococcus thermophilus microbial agent is freeze-dried and then mixed with the product of step (4) to obtain the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent; The viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is 5×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus is 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0033] The cotton fiber waste is composted using the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent through the following steps: by weight, (1) After 100 parts of cotton fiber waste are mechanically crushed to 5 cm, 2 parts of the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent are added to form a waste pile with a stack height of 1 m, a bottom width of 2 m, and a top width of 1 m. The pile is turned once a day for 7 days; (2) When the pile temperature rises to 50 °C, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2.5 parts of calcium carbonate are added. After mixing evenly, the pile is turned to control the temperature at 60 - 65 °C and water is sprayed to maintain the humidity at 50 - 60% for 30 days; (3) When the pile temperature drops to 45 °C, the waste pile is compacted, the turning frequency is adjusted to once a week, and calcium phosphate is added to adjust the pH to 7.0 for 14 days; (4) When the pile temperature drops to 25 °C, the waste pile is flattened and dried by natural ventilation. After passing through a 5 mm sieve and quality inspection, a compost substrate is made.

[0034] Example 2 Basically the same as Example 1, the difference is that the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is 5×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 2×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus is 3×10 8 CFU / g; During the composting process, the addition amount of the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent is 1.5 parts, and the addition amount of livestock and poultry manure is 25 parts.

[0035] Example 3 Basically the same as Example 1, the difference is that the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant is 8×10 9 CFU / g, the viable count of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 1.5×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus is 4×10 8 CFU / g; During the composting process, the addition amount of the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant is 2 parts, and the addition amount of livestock and poultry manure is 35 parts.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 The cotton fiber waste composting inoculant is changed to a Bacillus subtilis inoculant with a viable count of 6.5×10 9 CFU / g, and the composting method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 2 The cotton fiber waste composting inoculant is changed to a composite inoculant of Bacillus subtilis with a viable count of 5.5×10 9 CFU / g and Geobacillus stearothermophilus with a viable count of 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the composting method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 3 Basically the same as Example 1, the difference is that Streptococcus thermophilus is not made into a microcapsule form.

[0039] Performance Test Detection of cotton fiber decomposition rate and carbon-nitrogen ratio: Detect the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted substrates prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and the content of cotton fiber, and calculate the cotton fiber decomposition rate. The cotton fiber decomposition rate = (cotton fiber content in cotton fiber waste - cotton fiber content in composted substrate) / cotton fiber content in cotton fiber waste. The detection results are shown in Table 1 below: According to the detection results of Examples 1-3, the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant and its application method provided by the present invention can effectively decompose high-crystallinity cotton fiber and balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the composted substrate, and avoid the use of chemical reagents, effectively improving the resource utilization rate and the application value of the composted substrate.

[0040] According to the comparison of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1, the cotton fiber waste composting inoculant provided by the present invention, by compounding the microcapsules of Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus, has a significantly improved decomposition rate of cotton fiber compared with the Bacillus subtilis inoculant in the prior art, and can effectively decompose high-crystallinity cotton fiber.

[0041] According to the comparison of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that by adding Streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules to the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention, the decomposition rate of cotton fibers can be further increased in the later stage of composting.

[0042] According to the comparison and control of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3, by forming Streptococcus thermophilus into microcapsule form in the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention, the active influence on the other two microbial agents can be effectively alleviated, and the cotton fibers can be further decomposed successfully in the later stage of composting, improving the composting effect.

[0043] Quality inspection of the composting substrate: Detect the humic acid content, germination index and Escherichia coli content of the composting substrates prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The detection results are shown in Table 2 below: According to the detection results of Examples 1-3, the composting substrate prepared from the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention and its application method has a high humic acid content, can significantly improve the germination index of the soil, has excellent application value, and can be widely applied in agricultural production.

[0044] According to the comparison of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1, by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules in the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention, the humic acid content and nutrient element content in the composting substrate can be significantly increased, thereby improving its application value.

[0045] According to the comparison of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that by adding Streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules to the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention, the decomposition rate of cotton fibers can be further increased in the later stage of composting, and the synthesis of humic acid can be promoted, improving its application value.

[0046] According to the comparison and control of the detection results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3, by forming Streptococcus thermophilus into microcapsule form in the cotton fiber waste composting microbial agent provided by the present invention, the active influence on the other two microbial agents can be effectively alleviated, and the cotton fibers can be further decomposed successfully in the later stage of composting, improving the synthesis of humic acid and regulating its components, and further improving its application value in the agricultural field.

[0047] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those who are familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cotton fiber waste composting agent, characterized in that: The cotton fiber waste decomposition bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus microcapsules; The Bacillus subtilis strain was deposited in the China General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) on November 20, 2017, with a deposit number of CGMCC 14929. The Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration (CGMCC) on January 9, 1996, with a deposit number of CGMCC 1.1866. The Streptococcus thermophilus strain was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) on June 21, 2005, with a deposit number of CGMCC 1.3996.

2. The cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of viable Bacillus subtilis in the cotton fiber waste decomposition agent is not less than 5×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Geobacillus stearothermophilus is not less than 1×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable thermophilic streptococci is not less than 3×10 8 CFU / g, and the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis > the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus stearothermophilus > the number of viable bacteria of Streptococcus thermophilus.

3. The cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cotton fiber waste composting agent is prepared by the following steps: (1) Producing a Bacillus subtilis inoculant by culturing and expanding the culture of Bacillus subtilis; (2) preparing a Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterial agent by culturing and expanding the culture of Geobacillus stearothermophilus; (3) The thermophilic streptococcus agent is prepared by culturing, expanding and encapsulating the thermophilic streptococcus; (4) mixing the Bacillus subtilis inoculum and the Bacillus stearothermophilus inoculum and freeze-drying them for later use; (5) freeze-drying the thermophilic streptococcus agent and mixing it with the product of step (4) to obtain the cotton fiber waste composting agent.

4. The cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The culture medium in step (1) is LB liquid culture medium; The culture medium in step (2) is TSB culture medium; In the step (3), the culture medium is MRS culture medium, and the microcapsules are sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules.

5. The application method of the cotton fiber waste composting agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After the cotton fiber waste is mechanically crushed to 2-5 cm, a cotton fiber waste composting agent is added to form a waste pile, which is turned over once a day for 5-7 days; (2) When the temperature of the pile rises to 50-55°C, add poultry and livestock manure and buffer, mix well, turn the pile, control the temperature, and spray water to keep it moisturized for 25-30 days; (3) When the pile temperature drops to 40-45°C, compact the waste pile, adjust the frequency of turning the pile to once a week, and add calcium phosphate to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5 for 10-15 days; (4) When the pile temperature drops to 25-30℃, the waste pile is spread out for drying. After natural ventilation and drying, it is screened and inspected for quality to make a decomposed matrix.

6. The application method of the cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The added amount of the cotton fiber waste composting agent is 1.5-2% of the mass of the cotton fiber waste.

7. The application method of the cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The amount of livestock manure added is 25-35% of the mass of the cotton fiber waste.

8. The application method of the cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (1), the waste pile is in the shape of a long trapezoid, with a pile height of 1-1.5 m, a pile bottom width of 2-3 m, and a pile top width of 1-1.5 m; In step (2), the buffer is selected from at least one of calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate, and the amount of the buffer added is 1-3% of the total mass of the cotton fiber waste and livestock manure; In step (2), the temperature for turning the compost and controlling the temperature is 60-65°C, and the humidity for spraying water for moisturizing is 50-60%; The moisture content after drying in step (4) is 30-40%, and the sieve is 3-5 mm.

9. The application method of the cotton fiber waste composting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The decomposed substrate has a humic acid content of 20-25%, a germination index of not less than 80%, and an Escherichia coli content of not more than 100 CFU / g.

10. A decomposed matrix prepared by the application method of the cotton fiber waste decomposing bacteria agent according to any one of claims 5 to 9.

Images