Prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face

Abstract

The present application provides an assembled raise construction method that follows the rise of the mining face, belonging to the field of mining. Among them, the stope is divided in the middle-section ore body, and the pedestrian raises, draw-off headings and bottom structures of ore-drawing funnels at both ends of the stope are constructed, and ore is drawn in the draw-off heading; the first layer of assembled raises is installed near the boundary pillars at both ends inside the stope. The assembled raise is composed of a number of I-beam crossbeams and vertical baffles. Both ends of the I-beam crossbeams are fixed to the surrounding rock by bolts, and the vertical baffles are fixed between the I-beam crossbeams to form a square barrel-shaped space; the assembled raises are installed layer by layer, and the installation position rises synchronously with the mining face; after the installation of each layer of assembled raises is completed, blasting ore caving and ore drawing operations are carried out, and the installation is gradually extended to the upper layer until it is installed to the top of the stope. By improving the raise layout method, the present application significantly improves the construction safety, efficiency and economy on the premise of maintaining the original function of the raise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method for constructing an assembled skylight that rises along with a mining working face. Background Art

[0002] For mining steeply inclined thin veins, the most commonly used mining method is the ore-retention mining method. The traditional ore-retention mining method's mining preparation works include a skylight, connecting roads, bottom tunnels, and bottom funnel structures. This type of mining preparation work is all excavated and constructed within the ore rock mass to provide the necessary channels for mining and stoping operations. Among them, the main function of the skylight is to provide pedestrian access and ventilation for mining operations. It is usually arranged in the intermediate pillars between two stopes or in the upper surrounding rock, and is excavated and arranged using traditional drilling and blasting methods. However, this arrangement method has certain limitations. Mining operations can only be carried out after the skylight is arranged in one go. It has the disadvantages of a long construction period, high cost, high difficulty, and high operational risks. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a method for constructing an assembled shaft that rises with the mining working face. By changing the construction layout of the mining shaft of the traditional ore-retaining mining method, the assembled shaft is formed by gradually installing components in a manual assembly manner as the mining working face rises, which significantly reduces the construction period and cost and improves the safety of the operation.

[0004] The present application provides a method for constructing an assembled skylight that rises with the mining working face, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Divide the middle section of the ore body into a stope, construct pedestrian shafts at both ends of the stope, pull bottom tunnels and the bottom structure of the ore drawing funnel, and carry out ore extraction in the pull bottom tunnels;

[0006] S2. Install a first-tier prefabricated skylight near the two end pillars within the stope. The prefabricated skylight consists of several I-beams and vertical baffles. The ends of the I-beams are anchored to the surrounding rock with anchor rods, and the vertical baffles are fixed between the I-beams, forming a square barrel-shaped space. After installation, blasting and ore removal operations are carried out.

[0007] S3. Install the prefabricated skylights layer by layer, with the installation position rising synchronously with the mining working face. After each layer of prefabricated skylights is installed, blasting and mining operations are carried out, and the installation is gradually extended to the upper layers until it is installed at the top of the mining area.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present application, the length of the I-beam is 1.2~1.5m and the thickness is 0.5~1cm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, the distance between the installation position of the prefabricated raise and the adjacent intermediate pillar is 1.2 - 1.5 m.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the I-beam crossbeams are evenly distributed at intervals of 0.5 - 1 m along the height direction of the raise.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the thickness of the vertical baffle is 0.4 - 0.6 cm, the width is 0.2 - 0.3 m, and the length is equal to the spacing of the I-beam crossbeams.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present application, the lower part of the prefabricated raise is connected to the pedestrian raise crossheading, and the upper part is 0.5 - 1 m away from the roof.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, the installation height of each layer of the prefabricated raise is 1.5 - 2 m.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, the length of the stope is 50 - 90 m, and the height is 35 - 45 m.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, the diameter of the ore discharge opening of the ore discharge funnel is 1 - 2 m, and the spacing of the ore discharge funnels is 4.5 - 5 m.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, the bolt is a slit-tube bolt with a length of 1 - 1.5 m.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0018] The present application provides a method for constructing a prefabricated raise that follows the rise of the mining face. By dividing the ore body in the middle section into stopes, constructing the pedestrian raises, the undercut headings and the bottom structures of the ore discharge funnels at both ends of the stope, and discharging ore in the undercut heading; installing the first layer of prefabricated raises near the intermediate pillars at both ends inside the stope. The prefabricated raise is composed of several I-beam crossbeams and vertical baffles. The two ends of the I-beam crossbeams are fixed to the surrounding rock by bolts, and the vertical baffles are fixed between the I-beam crossbeams to form a square barrel-shaped space; after the installation is completed, blasting and ore discharging operations are carried out; the prefabricated raises are installed layer by layer, and the installation position rises synchronously with the mining face; after the installation of each layer of the prefabricated raise is completed, blasting and ore discharging operations are carried out, and the installation is gradually extended to the upper layer until it is installed to the top of the stope. The present application provides a safe passage and operation platform for mining operations by installing prefabricated raises inside the stope, reducing the safety risks of personnel in mining operations. The prefabricated raises are installed layer by layer according to the rise of the mining face, and the installation position rises synchronously with the mining face, which can meet the requirements of different mining operations. By installing prefabricated raises layer by layer and carrying out blasting and ore discharging operations, mineral resources can be mined more effectively, and the resource utilization rate can be improved.

[0019] Through the improvement of the shaft arrangement method, without changing the function of the shaft, the following significant advantages are achieved compared with the traditional shaft construction arrangement method: the construction arrangement period of the development project is shortened; the construction risks of the shaft excavated by drilling and blasting are avoided; the construction cost of the shaft is significantly reduced; the difficulty of the shaft construction is significantly lower than that of the traditional shaft excavated by drilling and blasting; the collapse risk of the shaft excavated in the rock roadway is avoided, ensuring its safe and stable operation.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to understand the technical means of this application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are given below. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the installation position and method of the assembled shaft in the embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the assembled shaft in the embodiment of this application;

[0024] Description of the reference numerals: 1, assembled shaft; 101, I-beam crossbeam; 102, vertical baffle; 103, anchor bolt; 2, ore drawing funnel; 3, sill pillar; 4, intermediate pillar; 5, traditional rock roadway shaft. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0025] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this application more clearly, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of this application.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity, specific order, or primary-secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is more than two, unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0028] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this text generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "a plurality of groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "a plurality of pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation", "connection", "coupling", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can also be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] The development engineering of the traditional shrinkage stoping method includes raises, crosscuts, sill drifts, and bottom funnel structures. All the development engineering of this type of mining method is driven and constructed within the ore and rock mass to provide necessary passageways for the mining and extraction operations. Among them, raises are generally arranged in the intermediate pillars between two stopes or in the hanging wall rock of the upward panel. When arranged by the traditional drilling and blasting method, the raises must be arranged all at once before the mining operation can be carried out, which has the disadvantages of long construction period, high cost, great difficulty, and high operation risks.

[0034] To solve the technical problems of the long construction period, high cost, great difficulty, and high operation risks of the traditional raise construction, this application provides an assembled raise construction method that rises with the mining face. Among them, by improving the raise layout method, while maintaining the original function of the raise, the construction safety, efficiency, and economy are significantly improved, the construction difficulty and risks are reduced, and an efficient, safe, and economic solution is provided for the mining operation.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 , the embodiment of this application provides an assembled raise construction method that rises with the mining face, including the following steps:

[0036] S1. Divide the ore body in the level into stopes, construct the manways, sill drifts, and the bottom structures of the ore-drawing funnels 2 at both ends of the stope, and draw ore in the sill drift.

[0037] S2. Install the first layer of assembled raises 1 near the intermediate pillars 4 at both ends inside the stope. The assembled raise 1 is composed of several I-beam crossbeams 101 and vertical baffles 102. The two ends of the I-beam crossbeam 101 are fixed to the surrounding rock by bolts 103, and the vertical baffles 102 are fixed between the I-beam crossbeams 101 to form a square barrel-shaped space; after the installation is completed, carry out blasting for ore caving and ore drawing operations.

[0038] S3. Install the assembled raises 1 layer by layer, and the installation position rises synchronously with the mining face; after each layer of the assembled raise 1 is installed, carry out blasting for ore caving and ore drawing operations, and gradually expand the installation upward until it is installed to the top of the stope.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, after the ore body is divided and arranged into mining areas using the ore-retention mining method, pedestrian skylights, bottom lanes and the bottom structure of the ore discharge funnel 2 at both ends of the construction area are constructed to provide the necessary infrastructure for pedestrians, transportation and ore discharge. After the collapsed slag is removed in the bottom lane, the two ends are ensured to be flat, and the first layer of prefabricated skylight 1 is installed before the first top blasting mining. Specifically, the first layer of prefabricated skylight 1 is installed near the two end columns 4 inside the mining area to form a stable passage and operating platform. The I-beam 101 is fixed by anchor rods 103, which enhances the stability of the structure and reduces the risk of collapse. The mining width is consistent with the length of the I-beam 101. According to the rise of the mining working face, the prefabricated skylight 1 is installed layer by layer, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the skylight and adapting to the constant changes of the mining working face. After the installation of each layer of prefabricated skylight 1 is completed, blasting and ore discharge operations are carried out, which improves the mining efficiency and resource utilization of the ore, reduces the safety risks during the construction process, and improves the safety of the construction.

[0040] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the stope is 50-90m long and 35-45m high. Based on the stope's length and height, the mining and preparation engineering is rationally arranged to ensure that the layout of the pedestrian skylight, bottom laneway, and bottom structure of the ore draw funnel 2 meets mining requirements. The construction of the foundation structure provides stable support and access for the subsequent installation of the prefabricated skylight 1 and mining operations.

[0041] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the discharge opening of the ore-drawing funnel 2 is 1-2m, and the spacing between the ore-drawing funnels 2 is 4.5-5m. In this way, by setting up a plurality of ore-drawing funnels 2 on the bottom pillar 3, the ore can be discharged quickly and smoothly, the ore-drawing efficiency can be improved, and the ore-drawing cycle can be shortened.

[0042] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the length of the I-beam 101 is 1.2~1.5m and the thickness is 0.5~1m. The I-beam 101 is evenly distributed at intervals of 0.5~1m along the height direction of the skylight. The thickness of the vertical baffle 102 is 0.4~0.6cm, the width is 0.2~0.3m, and the length is equal to the spacing between the I-beams 101. The length of the I-beam 101 determines the width of the skylight, while the installation position of the I-beam 101 determines the length of the skylight. The thickness of the I-beam 101 is a key factor in determining its load-bearing capacity. Thicker beams can withstand greater loads, including the impact force generated by blasting, the weight of ore, and the weight of personnel and equipment. The spacing of the I-beam 101 determines the spacing between the support points of the vertical baffle 102, which in turn affects the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire skylight. The width and thickness of the vertical baffles 102 can enhance the overall stability of the patio and prevent the vertical baffles 102 from being displaced or falling off when impacted.

[0043] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1 shown, the distance between the installation position of the prefabricated shaft 1 and the adjacent intermediate pillar 4 is 1.2 - 1.5 m. The lower part of the prefabricated shaft 1 is connected to the pedestrian shaft connection roadway, and the upper part is 0.5 - 1 m away from the roof. The installation height of each layer of the prefabricated shaft 1 is 1.5 - 2 m.

[0044] Specifically, in some embodiments, the first blasting is designed to break down about 1.4 m of the roof ore body, forming a slag layer of about 1.6 m. That is, the height of the first layer of the installed shaft is about 1.8 m. The lower part of the shaft is connected to the pedestrian shaft connection roadway, and the upper part cannot be too close to the roof to ensure a certain space height requirement for personnel access. The distance between the installation position of the prefabricated shaft 1 and the adjacent intermediate pillar 4 is 1.2 - 1.5 m, that is, the length of the shaft is 1.2 - 1.5 m. According to the designed shaft height, a number of I-beam crossbeams 101 are fixed on the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates by bolts 103. The bolts 103 are split tube bolts with a length of 1 - 1.5 m. The I-beam crossbeams 101 are wrapped by vertical baffles 102 with a thickness of 0.4 - 0.6 cm. The vertical baffles 102 are steel plates and are fixed to the crossbeams at both ends by wire, forming a square barrel-shaped space. That is, the first layer of the prefabricated shaft 1 is formed, and a ladder can be installed inside for use. Figure 1 The arrow in the figure indicates the direction of air flow. After the first blasting is completed, 30 - 35% of the ore is released, and then the second layer of the prefabricated shaft 1 can be installed. The second layer of the shaft is required to be above the first layer of the shaft and 0.5 - 1 m away from the roof. After installing the shafts on both sides according to the above method, the second layer of blasting for ore caving can be started. According to this method, the shafts are continuously installed. As the mining working face rises, the shafts are gradually installed and raised until they are installed at the required position of the uppermost layer of the stope. The installation methods of the shafts at both ends of the stope are the same.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, the traditional rock roadway shaft 5 is arranged in the intermediate pillar 4 and is excavated and arranged by the traditional drilling and blasting method. Compared with the traditional rock roadway shaft 5, the prefabricated shaft 1 that rises with the mining working face provided by the present application has the following significant advantages:

[0046] (1) Reducing the mining and cutting ratio and saving the engineering quantity: Compared with the conventional drilling and blasting method for driving shafts, the mining and cutting ratio of a stope is reduced from about 35 m 3 / kt to 14 - 15 m 3 / kt.

[0047] (2) Significantly reducing the cost: The driving cost of the drilling and blasting shaft is about 200,000 yuan, while the installation cost of the prefabricated shaft 1 is about 30,000 yuan, and the prefabricated components can be recycled with a recycling cost of about 10,000 yuan. Therefore, the cost of forming the shaft in each stope can be saved by about 180,000 yuan.

[0048] (3) Shorten the construction period: When using the drill and blast tunneling method, the raise construction period for one stope is 40 - 50 days, while for the prefabricated raise 1, it only takes 20 days, saving 20 - 30 days of construction period.

[0049] (4) Improve safety: The prefabricated raise 1 avoids the construction safety risks of the drill and blast raise, improving the construction safety.

[0050] (5) Reduce the subsequent works: The prefabricated raise 1 reduces the post - mining plugging works, lowering the subsequent maintenance cost.

[0051] (6) Comply with safety codes: After the installation of the prefabricated raise 1 is completed, it complies with the safety regulations and codes of the state and the industry.

[0052] In summary, the prefabricated raise construction method provided in this application that rises with the mining face has significant economic and social benefits. It not only reduces costs, shortens the construction period, improves safety, but also reduces the subsequent project volume, complies with the safety code requirements of the state and the industry, and has significant technical and economic effects and broad prospects for popularization and application.

[0053] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above - mentioned implementation manners. The above - mentioned implementation manners are only examples, and implementation manners with the same structure and the same function and effect as the technical idea within the technical solution scope of this application are all included in the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope not departing from the main idea of this application, various deformations that those skilled in the art can think of imposed on the implementation manners and other manners constructed by combining some constituent elements in the implementation manners are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An assembled raise construction method following the rise of a mining face, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Divide the stope of the middle - section ore body, construct the man - way raises, undercut headings and bottom structures of ore - drawing funnels at both ends of the stope, and carry out ore drawing in the undercut headings; S2. Install the first - layer assembled raise near the end - pillars at both ends inside the stope. The assembled raise is composed of several I - beam cross - beams and vertical baffles. Both ends of the I - beam cross - beams are fixed on the surrounding rock by bolts, and the vertical baffles are fixed between the I - beam cross - beams to form a square - barrel - shaped space. After installation, carry out blasting ore caving and ore - drawing operations; S3. Install the assembled raises layer by layer, and the installation position rises synchronously with the mining working face. After the installation of each layer of assembled raises is completed, carry out blasting ore caving and ore - drawing operations, and gradually expand the installation upward until it is installed to the top of the stope.

2. The fabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of the I - beam cross - beam is 1.2 - 1.5 m, and the thickness is 0.5 - 1 cm.

3. The fabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the installation position of the assembled raise and the adjacent end - pillar is 1.2 - 1.5 m.

4. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 2, wherein, The I - beam cross - beams are evenly distributed at intervals of 0.5 - 1 m along the height direction of the raise.

5. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the vertical baffle is 0.4 - 0.6 cm, the width is 0.2 - 0.3 m, and the length is equal to the spacing of the I - beam cross - beams.

6. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 1, wherein, The lower part of the assembled raise is connected to the man - way raise liaison drift, and the upper part is 0.5 - 1 m away from the roof.

7. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 6, characterized in that, The installation height of each layer of assembled raise is 1.5 - 2 m.

8. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the stope is 50 - 90 m, and the height is 35 - 45 m.

9. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the ore - drawing opening of the ore - drawing funnel is 1 - 2 m, and the spacing of the ore - drawing funnels is 4.5 - 5 m.

10. The prefabricated raise construction method following the rise of the mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bolt is a slotted - tube bolt with a length of 1 - 1.5 m.

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