A sensor-based forest soil hydrological monitoring device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a forest soil hydrological monitoring device and method based on sensor technology, belonging to the field of environmental monitoring technology. It includes multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules buried at various monitoring points, and also includes an active data acquisition module for collecting the stored data from the fixed-point data acquisition modules at each monitoring point. Each fixed-point data acquisition module includes a cylinder containing a sensor module. A cylinder cover is hinged to one side of the top of the cylinder, with a torsion spring at the hinge. A locking component for securing the cylinder cover is also provided at the top of the cylinder. By incorporating the fixed-point data acquisition modules, a cover-opening component, and a cover-closing component, this monitoring device enables automated operation of the sensor-based forest soil hydrological monitoring device at various monitoring points, improving monitoring efficiency, reducing manual intervention, and providing a more convenient, efficient, and accurate technical means for forest soil hydrological monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically a forest soil hydrological monitoring device and method based on sensor technology. Background Technology

[0002] Accurate monitoring of forest soil hydrological parameters, such as soil moisture, soil temperature, soil pore water pressure, and surface runoff, helps to deepen the understanding of the water cycle patterns in forest ecosystems and provides crucial data support for forest resource management, soil and water conservation, and climate change research. Forest soil hydrological monitoring devices based on sensor technology can achieve continuous and high-precision monitoring of these parameters, overcoming the limitations of traditional monitoring methods and possessing significant application value.

[0003] Existing sensors for monitoring hydrological parameters of forest soil are generally buried in the soil. When collecting data at each monitoring point periodically, it is often necessary to manually connect the sensors and external equipment. This manual operation method lacks automation and is inefficient. In some hard-to-reach locations, such as muddy areas, the mud, slippery conditions, and difficulty of walking increase the difficulty and risk of manual monitoring. After data collection at each monitoring point, it is generally necessary to mark each monitoring point so that staff can intuitively understand the progress of monitoring work in the entire forest area. However, existing devices require manual removal and placement of the marking components, and the marking work is often tedious and time-consuming.

[0004] To address these issues, we provide a forest soil hydrological monitoring device and method based on sensor technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems in the prior art by providing a forest soil hydrological monitoring device and method based on sensor technology.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology includes multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules buried at various monitoring points, and also includes an active data acquisition module for collecting the stored data from the fixed-point data acquisition modules at each monitoring point.

[0008] The fixed-point data acquisition module includes a cylinder, a sensor module is provided inside the cylinder, a cylinder cover is hinged to one side of the top of the cylinder, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge. The top of the cylinder is also provided with a locking component for locking the cylinder cover.

[0009] The activity data acquisition module includes a mobile vehicle body and a top seat located above the mobile vehicle body. A ball joint for adjusting the orientation of the top seat is provided between the top seat and the mobile vehicle body. A cantilever is provided through the top seat. A mobile platform is fixed to the end of the cantilever. A mounting frame is provided on the mobile platform. The mounting frame is provided with an opening component for squeezing the snap-fit ​​component to open the cylinder cover and automatically connect with the sensor module to establish data transmission, and a closing component for closing the cylinder cover.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, the sensor module includes a circuit board fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder; the top of the circuit board is provided with a connection socket, and the bottom of the circuit board is provided with a plurality of mounting rods with a set length, and the bottom end of the mounting rod is provided with a sensor body.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, both sides of the cylinder are integrally formed with supports, and the supports are provided with mounting holes. The snap-fit ​​component is located inside the support and includes a fixed seat and a connecting rod slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support. A movable rod is provided through the fixed seat, and a pressure plate is fixedly provided at the top end of the movable rod. A second spring is sleeved on the movable rod between the pressure plate and the fixed seat, and a first wedge block is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the movable rod. A second wedge block that cooperates with the first wedge block is fixedly provided at one end of the connecting rod. A third spring is sleeved on the connecting rod between the second wedge block and the inner wall of the support. A locking block is fixedly provided at the other end of the connecting rod. A locking groove that cooperates with the locking block is provided on the surface of the cylinder cover. A sealing ring is provided at the top of the cylinder, and a moisture-absorbing and drying ring is provided inside the sealing ring.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the ball joint includes a ball head seat fixed to the top of the mobile vehicle body, a ball head body ball jointed in the ball head seat, and a foot pedal locking member for locking the two together; the locking member includes a rack slidably disposed in the ball head seat, a rubber extrusion block for squeezing the ball head body fixedly disposed at the end of the rack, a gear meshing with the rack below the rack, the gear being rotatably disposed in the ball head seat, and a torsion spring being disposed on the shaft of the gear, and a foot pedal extending out of the ball head seat being fixedly disposed at the edge of the gear.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, the top of the top seat is provided with a solar panel and a pusher.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the cover opening assembly includes a first electric push rod fixed on a mounting bracket; the push rod end of the first electric push rod is provided with a connecting plug that mates with a connecting socket, a mounting plate is fixedly sleeved on the push rod of the first electric push rod, and pressure rods are movably provided through both ends of the mounting plate, a fixing block is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the pressure rod, and a first spring is sleeved on the pressure rod between the fixing block and the mounting plate; the bottom of the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of laser positioning lamp beads evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure rod, a camera for capturing the position of the laser positioning lamp beads is provided on the bottom surface of the end of the mounting bracket, and a display screen for displaying camera images and monitoring parameters is provided inside the push bracket.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, the closing assembly includes a second electric push rod; the push rod end of the second electric push rod is hinged to a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a first electromagnet for adsorbing the cylinder cover, the other end of the second electric push rod is hinged to a mounting frame, and the mounting frame is provided with an elastic support platform for supporting the second electric push rod.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, the fixed-point data acquisition module also includes a marking plate located in the groove at the top of the cylinder cover for marking completed monitoring points. One end of the marking plate is hinged to the cylinder cover, and the other end is provided with a magnetic strip that magnetically attracts the cylinder cover. The mounting base is also provided with a second electromagnet for attracting the marking plate to drive it to stand upright. The groove at the top of the cylinder cover is also provided with a ratchet and a pawl for locking the marking plate in the upright state.

[0017] As a further optimization of the present invention, the marking plate is provided with a delayed release unit for controlling the automatic separation of the pawl and the ratchet so that the marking plate returns to a flat position under its own weight; the delayed release unit includes a liquid storage chamber for storing viscous liquid located inside the marking plate, a piston is provided in the liquid storage chamber, a piston rod is fixedly provided on the piston, the piston rod extends to the outside of the marking plate and a third wedge block is fixedly provided at its end, a fourth wedge block is provided on the side of the third wedge block to cooperate with it, the pawl is rotatably provided on the fourth wedge block, and a spring post is provided on the side of the fourth wedge block.

[0018] This invention also provides a method for monitoring forest soil hydrology based on sensor technology, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Bury multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules in the soil at each monitoring point to ensure that the sensor modules are in close contact with the soil.

[0020] S2. Periodically drive the activity data acquisition module to move sequentially to each monitoring point to collect data;

[0021] When the active data acquisition module reaches the monitoring point, the orientation of the mounting bracket is first adjusted using the ball joint to position it above the fixed-point data acquisition module. Then, the orientation of the mounting bracket is further adjusted using the XY moving platform to position it directly above the fixed-point data acquisition module. The cover opening component pushes down the snap-fit ​​component to open the cylinder cover and expose the sensor module. At the same time, the cover opening component automatically connects to the sensor module, and the sensor module begins data acquisition, transmitting soil hydrological data at different depths to the control terminal inside the top mount. After monitoring is completed, the cover opening component resets upward and disconnects from the sensor module, and then the cylinder cover is closed using the cover closing component.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By setting up an opening and closing component, this invention enables the automated operation of a forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology at various monitoring points, improving monitoring efficiency, reducing manual intervention, and providing a more convenient, efficient, and accurate technical means for forest soil hydrological monitoring.

[0024] 2. By setting up a ball joint, a cantilever, and an XY moving platform, the present invention makes the device more adjustable, adaptable to use in different conditions, and convenient for collecting data from locations that are inconvenient for the human body to reach.

[0025] 3. By setting up a marking board, the present invention can mark the collected monitoring points, so that staff can intuitively understand the progress of the monitoring work in the entire forest area. In addition, by setting up a delayed release unit, it can automatically return to the initial flat position after a set time without the need for electronic component control, which improves the ease of use of the marking board, reduces manual intervention, and improves the convenience and automation of the marking operation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket, opening assembly, and closing assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the locking component structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixed-point data acquisition module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical structure of the fixed-point data acquisition module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the card connector structure of the fixed-point data acquisition module of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the marking plate of the present invention in its flat position;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the marking plate of the present invention in its upright state;

[0035] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the marking plate of the present invention.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1. Activity data acquisition module; 2. Ball connector; 201. Ball head seat; 202. Ball head body; 203. Locking component; 203a. Rubber extrusion block; 203b. Rack; 203c. Gear; 203d. Foot pedal; 3. Top seat; 301. Solar panel; 302. Push frame; 303. Display screen; 4. Cantilever component; 401. Pin hole; 5. XY moving platform; 6. Mounting bracket; 601. Camera; 602. Elastic support platform; 7. Opening assembly; 701. First electric push rod; 702. Connecting plug; 703. Mounting plate; 704. Pressure rod; 705. Fixing block; 706. First spring; 707. Laser positioning lamp bead; 8. Closing assembly; 801. Second electric push rod; 802. Mounting base; 803. First electromagnet; 804. Second electromagnet; 9. Fixed point data acquisition module; 901. Cylinder 901a, Support; 901b, Mounting Hole; 901c, Sealing Ring; 901d, Moisture Absorption and Drying Ring; 902, Sensor Module; 902a, Circuit Board; 902b, Connecting Socket; 902c, Mounting Rod; 902d, Sensor Body; 903, Cylinder Cover; 903a, Slot; 904, Snap-fit ​​Part; 904a, Fixing Base; 904b, Movable Rod; 904c, Pressure Plate; 904d, ... 904e, second spring; 904f, connecting rod; 904g, second wedge block; 904h, locking block; 904i, third spring; 905, marking plate; 905a, magnetic strip; 905b, liquid storage chamber; 905c, piston; 905d, piston rod; 905e, third wedge block; 905f, fourth wedge block; 905g, spring post; 905h, pawl; 905i, ratchet. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] To address the issues of low automation and insufficient monitoring efficiency in existing forest soil hydrological monitoring devices, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 5 This invention provides a forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology, comprising multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules 9 buried at various monitoring points, and a mobile data acquisition module 1 for collecting the stored data from the fixed-point data acquisition modules 9 at each monitoring point. The fixed-point data acquisition module 9 includes a cylinder 901, within which a sensor module 902 is housed. A cylinder cover 903 is hinged to one side of the top of the cylinder 901, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge. A locking member 904 for securing the cylinder cover 903 is also provided at the top of the cylinder 901. The mobile data acquisition module 1 includes a mobile vehicle (tracked walkway) and a device located above the mobile vehicle. The top seat 3 has a ball joint 2 between it and the mobile vehicle body for adjusting its orientation. A solar panel 301 and a pusher 302 are mounted on the top of the top seat 3. The entire monitoring device can be powered by a combination of the solar panel 301 and a rechargeable battery (such as a lithium-ion battery). A cantilever 4 runs through the top seat 3, and an XY moving platform 5 is fixed to the end of the cantilever 4. A mounting frame 6 is mounted on the XY moving platform 5. The mounting frame 6 has an opening assembly 7 for pressing the snap-fit ​​904 to open the cylinder cover 903 and automatically connect it to the sensor module 902 to establish data transmission, and a closing assembly 8 for closing the cylinder cover 903. This sensor-based forest soil and hydrological monitoring device enables automated operation at various monitoring points, improving monitoring efficiency, reducing manual intervention, and providing a more convenient, efficient, and accurate technical means for forest soil and hydrological monitoring.

[0042] like Figures 5-6As shown, the sensor module 902 includes a circuit board 902a fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder 901; the top of the circuit board 902a is provided with a connection socket 902b, and the bottom of the circuit board 902a is provided with multiple mounting rods 902c of a set length. The bottom end of the mounting rods 902c is provided with a sensor body 902d. The sensor body 902d can be a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil pore water pressure sensor, etc. The connection socket 902b is located in the sealed cavity between the circuit board 902a and the cylinder cover 903, effectively protecting it from the intrusion of rainwater, debris, etc. In order to further ensure the normal operation of the connection socket 902b, the top of the cylinder 901 is provided with a sealing ring 901c, and the inner side of the sealing ring 901c is provided with a moisture-absorbing drying ring 901d.

[0043] like Figures 6-7 As shown, both sides of the cylinder 901 are integrally formed with supports 901a. Supports 901a have mounting holes 901b. A snap-fit ​​component 904 is located inside the support 901a and includes a fixed seat 904a and a connecting rod 904f slidably disposed within the cavity of the support 901a. A movable rod 904b passes through the fixed seat 904a. A pressure plate 904c is fixedly mounted on the top end of the movable rod 904b. A second [unclear - possibly a component or part] is sleeved on the movable rod 904b between the pressure plate 904c and the fixed seat 904a. The bottom end of the spring 904e and the movable rod 904b is fixedly provided with a first wedge block 904d; one end of the connecting rod 904f is fixedly provided with a second wedge block 904g that cooperates with the first wedge block 904d; a third spring 904i is sleeved on the connecting rod 904f between the second wedge block 904g and the inner wall of the support 901a; the other end of the connecting rod 904f is fixedly provided with a locking block 904h; and a locking groove 903a that cooperates with the locking block 904h is provided on the surface of the cylinder cover 903.

[0044] In use, when the pressure plate 904c is squeezed by the cover opening assembly 7, it drives the movable rod 904b and the first wedge block 904d to move downward. At this time, the second spring 904e is compressed, and the first wedge block 904d squeezes the second wedge block 904g, causing it to move horizontally away from the cover 903. The second wedge block 904g drives the connecting rod 904f and the locking block 904h to move. At this time, the third spring 904i is stretched, and the locking block 904h leaves the locking groove 903a. Under the action of the torsion spring of the rotating shaft of the cover 903, the cover 903 is automatically popped up.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 4As shown, the ball joint 2 includes a ball head seat 201 fixed to the top of the mobile vehicle body, a ball head body 202 ball jointed in the ball head seat 201, and a foot pedal locking member 203 for locking the two together; the locking member 203 includes a rack 203b slidably disposed in the ball head seat 201, a rubber extrusion block 203a for extruding the ball head body 202 fixed at the end of the rack 203b, a gear 203c meshing with the rack 203b at the bottom, the gear 203c rotatably disposed in the ball head seat 201, and a torsion spring disposed on the shaft of the gear 203c, and a foot pedal 203d extending out of the ball head seat 201 fixed at the edge of the gear 203c. When in use, step down on the foot pedal 203d. The foot pedal 203d drives the gear 203c to rotate. At this time, the torsion spring twists, the gear 203c drives the rack 203b to move, and the rack 203b drives the rubber extrusion block 203a to move, separating it from the ball head body 202. At this time, the operator can freely adjust the position of the ball head body 202. After the adjustment is completed, release the foot pedal 203d and lock the ball head body 202 again by the rubber extrusion block 203a.

[0046] The cantilever component 4 can be a regular cantilever structure or a robotic arm structure combining a movable arm and a telescopic arm, as long as it achieves the cantilever function. For portability, the cantilever component 4 in this embodiment is a regular cantilever with multiple equally spaced pin holes 401. The cantilever is fixed to the top seat 3 by pins. The extension length of the cantilever is adjusted according to actual needs. The cantilever design makes it convenient for the device to collect data from locations that are inaccessible to the human body, such as muddy areas.

[0047] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the cover opening assembly 7 includes a first electric push rod 701 fixed on the mounting bracket 6; the push rod end of the first electric push rod 701 is provided with a connecting plug 702 that mates with the connecting socket 902b; a mounting plate 703 is fixedly sleeved on the push rod of the first electric push rod 701; a pressure rod 704 is movably passed through both ends of the mounting plate 703; a fixing block 705 is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the pressure rod 704; a first spring 706 is sleeved on the pressure rod 704 between the fixing block 705 and the mounting plate 703; a plurality of laser positioning lamp beads 707 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure rod 704 at the bottom of the mounting plate 703; a camera 601 for capturing the position of the laser positioning lamp beads 707 is provided on the bottom surface of the end of the mounting bracket 6; and a display screen 303 for displaying the image of the camera 601 and monitoring parameters is provided inside the push bracket 302.

[0048] In use, the laser positioning lamp 707 positions the pressure rod 704 until it is directly above the pressure plate 904c. Then, the first electric push rod 701 drives the connector 702 and the mounting plate 703 to descend. The mounting plate 703 drives the pressure rod 704 to press against the pressure plate 904c, thereby opening the cylinder cover 903. The first electric push rod 701 is controlled to continue to move down until the connector 702 is inserted into the connector socket 902b.

[0049] The closing assembly 8 includes a second electric push rod 801; the push rod end of the second electric push rod 801 is hinged to a mounting base 802, the mounting base 802 is provided with a first electromagnet 803 for adsorbing the cylinder cover 903, the other end of the second electric push rod 801 is hinged to a mounting frame 6, and the mounting frame 6 is provided with an elastic support platform 602 for supporting the second electric push rod 801.

[0050] When in use, after the data collection at the monitoring point is completed, the first electromagnet 803 attracts the cylinder cover 903, and then the second electric push rod 801 drives the mounting base 802 to extend, thereby driving the cylinder cover 903 to rotate and close.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Based on Example 1, in order to enable staff to intuitively understand the progress of monitoring work throughout the entire forest area, such as... Figures 8-11 As shown, the fixed-point data acquisition module 9 also includes a marking plate 905 for marking completed monitoring points located in the top groove of the cylinder cover 903. One end of the marking plate 905 is hinged to the cylinder cover 903, and the other end is provided with a magnetic strip 905a that magnetically attracts the cylinder cover 903. The mounting base 802 is also provided with a second electromagnet 804 for attracting the marking plate 905 to drive it to stand upright. The top groove of the cylinder cover 903 is also provided with a ratchet 905i and a pawl 905h for locking the marking plate 905 in the upright state. After data collection at a certain monitoring point is completed, the marker plate 905 is attracted by the second electromagnet 804, and then the second electric push rod 801 is controlled to retract, thereby driving the marker plate 905 from a flat position to an upright position. During the rotation of the marker plate 905, since the pawl 905h is rotated on the fourth wedge block 905f, it can move along the ratchet 905i. When the marker plate 905 is upright, the pawl 905h is locked into the ratchet 905i to lock the marker plate 905, so that the staff can intuitively understand the monitoring point where the data has been collected through the marker plate 905.

[0053] To improve the ease of use of the marking plate 905, the marking plate 905 is provided with a delayed release unit for controlling the automatic separation of the pawl 905h and the ratchet 905i so that the marking plate 905 returns to a flat position under its own weight. The delayed release unit includes a liquid storage chamber 905b located inside the marking plate 905 for storing viscous liquid. A piston 905c is provided in the liquid storage chamber 905b. A piston rod 905d is fixedly provided on the piston 905c. The piston rod 905d extends to the outside of the marking plate 905 and a third wedge block 905e is fixedly provided at its end. A fourth wedge block 905f is provided on the side of the third wedge block 905e to cooperate with it. The pawl 905h is rotatably mounted on the fourth wedge block 905f, and a spring post 905g is provided on the side of the fourth wedge block 905f. When the marking plate 905 is adjusted from a flat position to an upright position, after the set time, such as one hour, the pawl 905h and ratchet 905i automatically separate under the action of the delay release unit. At this time, the marking plate 905 loses the locking mechanism and rotates downward to a flat position under its own gravity, and is magnetically attracted to the cylinder cover 903 by the magnetic strip 905a. The viscous liquid can be high-viscosity silicone oil, and its viscosity range is adjusted according to the required delay time. For example, for a delay of about one hour, silicone oil with a viscosity of 500-1000 centipoise can be selected.

[0054] In practical use, after the marking plate 905 is locked in place, the delayed release unit starts to work. At this time, the viscous liquid in the reservoir 905b slowly descends under the action of gravity, slowly pushing the piston 905c down. The piston 905c drives the piston rod 905d and the third wedge block 905e down. Due to the resistance of the viscous liquid, the descent of the viscous liquid will continue for a certain period of time, such as one hour. When the piston 905c moves to a certain extent, the squeezing force of the third wedge block 905e on the fourth wedge block 905f is greater than the elastic force of the spring column 905g. At this time, the fourth wedge block 905f is squeezed to the side of the spring column 905g, and drives the pawl 905h to disengage from the tooth groove of the ratchet 905i. The marking plate 905 loses the locking mechanism and gradually returns to its initial horizontal position under its own gravity.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A method for monitoring forest soil hydrology based on sensor technology includes the following steps:

[0057] S1. Based on the monitoring objectives and forest topography, select representative monitoring points for the installation of fixed-point data acquisition modules 9. Bury multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules 9 in the soil at each monitoring point to ensure that the sensor module 902 is in close contact with the soil. The cylinder 901 can extend a certain height from the ground, such as 5cm, to avoid soil covering the fixed-point data acquisition modules 9.

[0058] S2. Periodically drive the activity data acquisition module 1 to move sequentially to each monitoring point to perform data acquisition;

[0059] When the activity data acquisition module 1 reaches the monitoring point, the position of the mounting bracket 6 is first adjusted by the ball connector 2 so that it is above the fixed-point data acquisition module 9. Then, the position of the mounting bracket 6 is further adjusted by the XY moving platform 5 so that it is directly above the fixed-point data acquisition module 9.

[0060] The cover 903 is opened by pressing the snap-fit ​​904 downwards by the cover opening component 7 to expose the sensor module 902. At the same time, the cover opening component 7 automatically connects to the sensor module 902, and the sensor module 902 begins to collect data, transmitting soil hydrological data at different depths to the control terminal inside the top seat 3.

[0061] After monitoring is completed, the opening assembly 7 resets upward and disconnects from the sensor module 902, and then the closing assembly 8 closes the cylinder cover 903.

[0062] Finally, the closing assembly 8 adjusts the flat marking plate 905 to an upright position to mark the collected monitoring points.

[0063] The above-described embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology, comprising multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules (9) buried at various monitoring points, characterized in that: It also includes an activity data acquisition module (1) for collecting the stored data from the fixed-point data acquisition module (9) at each monitoring point; The fixed-point data acquisition module (9) includes a cylinder (901), a sensor module (902) is provided inside the cylinder (901), a cylinder cover (903) is hinged to one side of the top of the cylinder (901), and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge. The top of the cylinder (901) is also provided with a snap-fit ​​part (904) for clamping the cylinder cover (903). The activity data acquisition module (1) includes a mobile vehicle body and a top seat (3) located above the mobile vehicle body. A ball joint (2) for adjusting the position of the top seat (3) is provided between the top seat (3) and the mobile vehicle body. A cantilever (4) is provided through the top seat (3). An XY mobile platform (5) is fixedly provided at the end of the cantilever (4). A mounting bracket (6) is provided on the XY mobile platform (5). The mounting bracket (6) is provided with an opening assembly (7) for pressing the snap fastener (904) to open the cylinder cover (903) and automatically connect with the sensor module (902) to establish data transmission, and a closing assembly (8) for closing the cylinder cover (903).

2. The forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor module (902) includes a circuit board (902a) fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder (901). The circuit board (902a) has a connection socket (902b) on its top and multiple mounting rods (902c) of a set length on its bottom. The bottom end of the mounting rod (902c) is provided with a sensor body (902d).

3. The forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the cylinder (901) are integrally formed with supports (901a), and the supports (901a) are provided with mounting holes (901b). The snap-fit ​​member (904) is located inside the support (901a) and includes a fixed seat (904a) and a connecting rod (904f) slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support (901a). A movable rod (904b) is provided through the fixed base (904a). A pressure plate (904c) is fixed at the top of the movable rod (904b). A second spring (904e) is sleeved on the movable rod (904b) between the pressure plate (904c) and the fixed base (904a). A first wedge block (904d) is fixed at the bottom of the movable rod (904b). One end of the connecting rod (904f) is fixedly provided with a second wedge block (904g) that cooperates with the first wedge block (904d). A third spring (904i) is sleeved on the connecting rod (904f) between the second wedge block (904g) and the inner wall of the support (901a). The other end of the connecting rod (904f) is fixedly provided with a locking block (904h). The surface of the cylinder cover (903) is provided with a locking groove (903a) that cooperates with the locking block (904h). The top of the cylinder (901) is provided with a sealing ring (901c), and the inner side of the sealing ring (901c) is provided with a moisture-absorbing and drying ring (901d).

4. The forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball joint (2) includes a ball head seat (201) fixed to the top of the mobile vehicle body, a ball head body (202) ball-jointed in the ball head seat (201), and a foot-operated locking member (203) for locking the two together. The locking member (203) includes a rack (203b) slidably disposed in the ball head seat (201). The end of the rack (203b) is fixedly provided with a rubber extrusion block (203a) for extruding the ball head body (202). A gear (203c) meshing with the rack (203b) is provided below the rack (203b). The gear (203c) is rotatably disposed in the ball head seat (201) and a torsion spring is provided on the shaft. A foot pedal (203d) extending out of the ball head seat (201) is fixedly provided at the edge of the gear (203c).

5. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the top seat (3) is provided with a solar panel (301) and a pusher (302).

6. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The opening assembly (7) includes a first electric push rod (701) fixed on the mounting bracket (6). The first electric push rod (701) has a connecting plug (702) at its push rod end that mates with the connecting socket (902b). A mounting plate (703) is fixedly sleeved on the push rod of the first electric push rod (701). A pressure rod (704) is movably passed through both ends of the mounting plate (703). A fixing block (705) is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the pressure rod (704). A first spring (706) is sleeved on the pressure rod (704) between the fixing block (705) and the mounting plate (703). The bottom of the mounting plate (703) is provided with a plurality of laser positioning lamp beads (707) evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure rod (704). The bottom surface of the end of the mounting frame (6) is provided with a camera (601) for capturing the position of the laser positioning lamp beads (707). The push frame (302) is provided with a display screen (303) for displaying the image of the camera (601) and monitoring parameters.

7. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closing assembly (8) includes a second electric push rod (801); The second electric push rod (801) has a mounting base (802) hinged to its push rod end. The mounting base (802) is provided with a first electromagnet (803) for adsorbing the cylinder cover (903). The other end of the second electric push rod (801) is hinged to the mounting frame (6), and the mounting frame (6) is provided with an elastic support platform (602) for supporting the second electric push rod (801).

8. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed-point data acquisition module (9) also includes a marking plate (905) for marking completed monitoring points located in the groove at the top of the cylinder cover (903). One end of the marking plate (905) is hinged to the cylinder cover (903), and the other end is provided with a magnetic strip (905a) that magnetically attracts the cylinder cover (903). The mounting base (802) is also provided with a second electromagnet (804) for adsorbing the marker plate (905) to drive it to stand upright. The top groove of the cylinder cover (903) is also provided with a ratchet (905i) and a pawl (905h) for locking the marking plate (905) in the upright state.

9. A forest soil hydrological monitoring device based on sensor technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The marking plate (905) is provided with a delayed release unit for controlling the automatic separation of the pawl (905h) and the ratchet (905i) so that the marking plate (905) returns to a flat position under its own gravity; The delayed release unit includes a reservoir (905b) for storing viscous liquid located inside the marking plate (905). A piston (905c) is provided inside the reservoir (905b). A piston rod (905d) is fixedly provided on the piston (905c). The piston rod (905d) extends to the outside of the marking plate (905) and a third wedge block (905e) is fixedly provided at its end. A fourth wedge block (905f) is provided on the side of the third wedge block (905e) to cooperate with it. A pawl (905h) is rotatably provided on the fourth wedge block (905f), and a spring post (905g) is provided on the side of the fourth wedge block (905f).

10. A method for monitoring forest soil hydrology based on sensor technology, employing a forest soil hydrology monitoring device based on sensor technology as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Bury multiple fixed-point data acquisition modules (9) in the soil at each monitoring point to ensure that the sensor module (902) is in close contact with the soil; S2. Periodically drive the activity data acquisition module (1) to move to each monitoring point in sequence to collect data; When the activity data acquisition module (1) arrives at the monitoring point, the position of the mounting frame (6) is first adjusted by the ball connector (2) so that it is above the fixed point data acquisition module (9), and then the position of the mounting frame (6) is further adjusted by the XY moving platform (5) so that it is directly above the fixed point data acquisition module (9). The cover opening assembly (7) presses down on the snap-fit ​​piece (904) to open the cylinder cover (903) and expose the sensor module (902). At the same time, the cover opening assembly (7) automatically connects to the sensor module (902), and the sensor module (902) begins to collect data, transmitting soil hydrological data at different depths to the control terminal inside the top seat (3). After monitoring is completed, the opening assembly (7) is reset upward and disconnected from the sensor module (902), and then the cylinder cover (903) is closed by the closing assembly (8).

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