Comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method and system for pseudo-classic architecture

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method and system for a pseudo-classic architecture, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining and processing multivariate data of the pseudo-classic architecture, and building a pseudo-classic architecture information database; according to the method, by obtaining multivariate data, the steps of model construction, energy consumption analysis, strategy making, scheme generation, simulation evaluation and final transformation and monitoring are closely connected, and comprehensiveness and scientificity of energy-saving optimization design are ensured; through the combination of the traditional energy-saving strategy of the pseudo-classic architecture and the modern energy-saving technology and materials, the energy-saving potential of the pseudo-classic architecture at different levels is fully excavated, and the organic combination of the traditional intelligence and the modern science and technology is realized; by means of a building and environment coupling model, the energy consumption of the pseudo-classic building is analyzed from multiple dimensions of time and space; various energy-saving schemes are generated by applying a genetic algorithm, quantitative evaluation is performed through a comprehensive evaluation index system, energy conservation, economy, environmental protection and culture protection are considered, and multi-target balance is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antique architecture, and particularly to a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method and system for antique architecture. Background Art

[0002] As a unique existence in the field of architecture, antique architecture carries extremely rich and profound historical and cultural connotations. It is like a bridge connecting the past and the present. One end is firmly rooted in the long historical and cultural soil, deeply condensing many elements such as architectural techniques, artistic aesthetics, social customs, and philosophical thoughts in different historical periods. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of predecessors and a witness to history. The other end actively integrates into the trend of modern architecture development, combining modern architectural techniques, materials, and functional requirements with traditional architectural styles, showing new vitality. Antique architecture carries rich historical and cultural connotations and is an important manifestation of the combination of traditional culture inheritance and modern architecture development. However, most current antique architecture designs are limited to the retro appearance, and the consideration of the key element of energy conservation is seriously insufficient;

[0003] First, traditional energy-saving technologies are difficult to adapt to the unique structure and style of antique architecture, and the design process lacks a systematic analysis of the energy consumption of antique architecture, resulting in widespread energy waste;

[0004] Second, existing energy-saving design methods have not fully explored the energy-saving potential of antique architecture itself, nor effectively integrated emerging technologies, and cannot meet the growing energy conservation and environmental protection requirements;

[0005] Therefore, a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method and system for antique architecture are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention hope to provide a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method and system for antique architecture to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial option.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in this application is: a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique architecture, including the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Obtain and process the multi-source data of the antique architecture to establish an antique architecture information database;

[0009] Step 2: Based on the multi-source data in the antique architecture information database, construct a building-environment coupling model;

[0010] Step 3: Based on the building-environment coupling model, analyze the energy consumption of the antique architecture from the time dimension and the space dimension to generate a multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis result;

[0011] Step 4: Based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of ancient architecture replicas, combined with modern energy-saving technologies and materials, formulate an energy-saving strategy set applicable to the ancient architecture replicas;

[0012] Step 5: According to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and the energy-saving strategy set, use an optimization algorithm to generate multiple energy-saving optimization plans;

[0013] Step 6: Based on the building-environment coupling model, simulate multiple energy-saving optimization plans respectively and generate multiple simulation prediction results;

[0014] Step 7: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, quantitatively evaluate multiple simulation prediction results respectively, and select the optimal energy-saving optimization plan;

[0015] Step 8: Reconstruct the ancient architecture replicas according to the optimal energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

[0016] Provided as a further optimization of this technical solution, in Step 2, the method for constructing the building-environment coupling model includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 201: Extract the building data of the ancient architecture replicas from the ancient architecture information database and use 3D modeling software to construct a 3D model of the ancient architecture replicas;

[0018] Step 202: Based on geographic information system technology and computational fluid dynamics technology, combined with the geographical environment data in the ancient architecture information database, generate an environmental flow field model;

[0019] Step 203: Import the 3D model of the ancient architecture replicas into the virtual environment containing the environmental flow field model to construct the building-environment coupling model;

[0020] Step 204: Verify and calibrate the building-environment coupling model and adjust the parameters in the model.

[0021] Provided as a further optimization of this technical solution, in Step 5, the optimization algorithm selects the genetic algorithm; the method for using the optimization algorithm to generate multiple energy-saving optimization plans includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 501: Encode the energy-saving related parameters of the ancient architecture replicas using binary or real number encoding methods and determine the value ranges of each variable;

[0023] Step 502: According to the encoding method and the variable value ranges, randomly generate a population containing multiple individuals;

[0024] Step 503: Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population according to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and energy-saving goals of the ancient architecture replicas, and iteratively update the population through selection, crossover, and mutation operations;

[0025] Step 504: After the number of iterations reaches the preset threshold, stop the iteration, screen out high-quality individuals, and convert them into energy-saving optimization solutions.

[0026] Preferably, as a further improvement of this technical solution, in step four, the traditional energy-saving strategies of the ancient architecture include: natural ventilation strategy, natural lighting strategy, thermal insulation strategy, and energy recycling strategy.

[0027] Preferably, as a further improvement of this technical solution, in step three, the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results include: energy consumption analysis results in the time dimension, energy consumption analysis results in the space dimension, and comprehensive energy consumption analysis results.

[0028] Preferably, as a further improvement of this technical solution, in step one, the multi-source data includes: building basic information data, building structure data, building material data, building decoration and structure data, historical and cultural data, meteorological data, geographical environment data, and energy usage data.

[0029] Preferably, as a further improvement of this technical solution, in step seven, the comprehensive evaluation index system consists of energy-saving effect indicators, economic cost indicators, environmental impact indicators, and cultural protection indicators.

[0030] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted by this application is: a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for ancient architecture, the system includes; a data acquisition and management module, a model construction module, an energy consumption analysis module, a strategy formulation module, a solution generation module, a simulation and prediction module, an evaluation and decision-making module, and an implementation and monitoring module;

[0031] The data acquisition and management module is configured to acquire multi-source data of the ancient architecture, process it, and establish an ancient architecture information database;

[0032] The model construction module is configured to construct a building-environment coupling model based on the multi-source data in the ancient architecture information database;

[0033] The energy consumption analysis module is configured to analyze the energy consumption of the ancient architecture from the time dimension and the space dimension based on the building-environment coupling model, and generate multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results;

[0034] The strategy formulation module is configured to formulate a set of energy-saving strategies applicable to the ancient architecture based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of the ancient architecture, combined with modern energy-saving technologies and materials;

[0035] The solution generation module is configured to generate multiple energy-saving optimization solutions according to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and the set of energy-saving strategies, using an optimization algorithm;

[0036] The simulation prediction module is configured to simulate a plurality of energy-saving optimization schemes respectively based on the building and environment coupling model, and generate a plurality of simulation prediction results;

[0037] The evaluation and decision-making module is configured to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, quantitatively evaluate various simulation prediction results, and select the best energy-saving optimization solution;

[0038] The implementation and monitoring module is configured to renovate the antique building according to the best energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

[0039] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the data acquisition and management module further includes a data collection unit, a data preprocessing unit and a database management unit; the data collection unit is used to collect multivariate data of antique buildings in various ways; the data preprocessing unit is used to clean, convert and standardize the multivariate data; the database management unit is used to store the preprocessed multivariate data into the antique building information database.

[0040] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in the model building module, when constructing the three-dimensional model of the antique building, the three-dimensional modeling software used has a parametric modeling function.

[0041] The embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0042] 1. The present invention adopts a complete and systematic antique building energy-saving optimization design process, from acquiring multivariate data to build a database, to building models, analyzing energy consumption, formulating strategies, generating plans, simulation evaluation, and finally to the final transformation and monitoring. Each step is closely linked and interlocked, ensuring the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the energy-saving optimization design;

[0043] 2. This invention fully taps the energy-saving potential of antique buildings at different levels by combining traditional energy-saving strategies of antique buildings with modern energy-saving technologies and materials, and realizes the organic combination of traditional wisdom and modern technology;

[0044] 3. The present invention uses a building and environment coupling model to analyze the energy consumption of antique buildings from multiple dimensions of time and space, clearly grasp the energy consumption distribution law and key influencing factors; use genetic algorithms to generate various energy-saving plans, and quantify the evaluation through a comprehensive evaluation index system, taking into account energy conservation, economy, environmental protection and cultural protection, to achieve a multi-objective balance.

[0045] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for an ancient architecture imitation of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing a building-environment coupling model of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for generating multiple energy-saving optimization schemes using an optimization algorithm of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for an ancient architecture imitation of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0051] The following will describe the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0052] It should be clear that the following illustrates the implementation manners of the present disclosure through specific specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present disclosure without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0053] It should be noted that the following description relates to various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is for illustrative purposes only. Based on this disclosure, those skilled in the art should understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement an apparatus and / or practice a method. Additionally, this apparatus and / or method can be implemented using other structures and / or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0054] It should also be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only schematically illustrate the basic concept of the present disclosure. The components related to the present disclosure are only shown in the drawings, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and proportion of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex.

[0055] In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for an antique building in an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if there are substantially the same results, the method of the present application is not limited to Figure 1 the process sequence shown. As Figures 1-3 shown: A comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for an antique building includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Obtain and process the multi-source data of the antique building, and establish an antique building information database;

[0058] Specifically, first, obtain the multi-source data of the antique building through various methods; on-site measurement and investigation can directly obtain the actual information of the building. Tools such as laser rangefinders and total stations are used to measure the building dimensions, and on-site records are made of the building structure, decoration, and construction; by consulting historical documents, archival materials, and academic research results, information such as the age, historical background, and traditional construction techniques of the building can be obtained; using professional platforms such as weather stations and geographic information systems (GIS) to collect meteorological data and geographical environment data; energy usage data can also be collected with the help of smart meters and energy consumption monitoring devices;

[0059] Then, clean, transform, and standardize the multi-source data of the antique-style buildings; when cleaning the data, remove duplicate, incorrect, and invalid data, such as energy consumption data that significantly deviates from the normal range; transform the data format to unify data from different sources into a format convenient for processing, like converting text-form meteorological data into numerical format; standardize the data to ensure its consistency and comparability, for example, unify the units of physical property parameters of building materials with different units.

[0060] Finally, store the preprocessed data in the antique-style building information database; classify and store the data according to data types, establish data tables for basic building information, structure, materials, etc., establish associations between tables by setting primary keys and foreign keys, and build the database using a relational database management system (such as MySQL, Oracle) or a non-relational database (such as MongoDB), regularly maintain and update the database, timely input new data to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data, and at the same time set user permissions to ensure data security.

[0061] Step 2: Based on the multi-source data in the antique-style building information database, construct a building-environment coupling model.

[0062] Specifically, first, according to the design plan of the antique-style building, use advanced 3D modeling technology to create an accurate building model, meticulously restoring the building's appearance, internal structure, and material properties.

[0063] Then, based on the collected environmental data, use geographic information system (GIS) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies to construct an environmental model around the building, simulating environmental factors such as natural wind fields, light distributions, and temperature fields.

[0064] Finally, couple the building model with the environmental model to form a simulation system that can truly reflect the operating state of the antique-style building in the actual environment, realizing the dynamic simulation of the energy exchange and material transfer processes between the building and the environment.

[0065] Step 3: Based on the building-environment coupling model, analyze the energy consumption of the antique-style building from the time dimension and the space dimension to generate multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results.

[0066] Specifically, first, with the help of the constructed coupling model, deeply analyze the energy consumption of the antique-style building from multiple dimensions, not only considering conventional energy consumption such as heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation, but also combining the usage functions and characteristics of the antique-style building to analyze the energy consumption requirements of special functional areas (such as exhibition spaces, religious activity places, etc.).

[0067] Then, by applying the heat transfer principles such as heat conduction, convection, and radiation, as well as theories such as lighting optics and aerodynamics, accurately calculate the energy consumption distribution of each part of the building. Adopt a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively evaluate the overall energy consumption level of the antique-style building, determine the energy consumption grade, identify high-energy consumption areas and key energy consumption links, and generate multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results.

[0068] Step Four: Based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of the antique-style building, combined with modern energy-saving technologies and materials, formulate an energy-saving strategy set applicable to this antique-style building;

[0069] Specifically, conduct in-depth research on the traditional energy-saving wisdom contained in antique-style buildings, such as using courtyard layouts to guide natural ventilation, optimizing daylighting through building orientation and window and door positions, etc. Combine modern energy-saving technologies and materials to formulate targeted energy-saving strategies; for the large roof structure, adopt new types of heat-insulating and heat-preserving materials to improve the heat-preserving performance without changing the appearance of the roof; for the wooden structure, develop environmentally friendly fireproof and heat-preserving treatment technologies to enhance its energy-saving effect and safety; use intelligent control technologies to design adaptive daylighting, ventilation, and shading systems that automatically adjust according to environmental changes to achieve efficient energy utilization; in addition, also consider the application of renewable energy, such as installing solar photovoltaic panels on the building roof or at appropriate positions around the building to collect solar energy for power generation and hot water supply; use ground-source heat pump technology to achieve winter heating and summer cooling, reducing dependence on traditional energy sources.

[0070] Step Five: According to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and the energy-saving strategy set, use optimization algorithms to generate multiple energy-saving optimization plans;

[0071] Specifically, for example, for the roof energy consumption problem, adopt a new type of aerogel heat-insulating material, which has an extremely low thermal conductivity, is lightweight, and does not affect the appearance and structure of the roof; transform the external windows and replace them with wood-look windows made of broken bridge aluminum, equipped with insulating Low-E glass, to improve the heat-insulating and heat-preserving performance of the windows; use the principles of traditional courtyard layouts to optimize the ventilation paths inside the building, set adjustable ventilation openings and shading facilities, and achieve intelligent control of natural ventilation and daylighting; install solar photovoltaic panels on the building roof, and calculate the installed capacity of the photovoltaic panels according to the roof area and local lighting conditions, which is expected to meet part of the building's electricity demand.

[0072] Step Six: Based on the building-environment coupling model, simulate each of the multiple energy-saving optimization plans respectively and generate multiple simulation prediction results;

[0073] Specifically, apply the formulated energy-saving optimization plan to the coupling model for simulation verification. By comparing the energy consumption data of the building before and after optimization, indoor environmental comfort indicators (such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc.), and the preservation of the building's appearance and cultural characteristics, evaluate the effect of the energy-saving optimization plan. Use virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies to intuitively display the optimized building effect, enabling designers and owners to feel the changes after energy-saving renovation personally. According to the simulation results, adjust and improve each energy-saving optimization plan to ensure that each plan achieves the best balance in terms of energy-saving effect, economic feasibility, and cultural protection.

[0074] Step 7: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, quantitatively evaluate the multiple simulation prediction results respectively, and select the optimal energy-saving optimization plan.

[0075] Specifically, first, collect the relevant data in the simulation prediction results of each energy-saving optimization plan, and organize them according to a unified standard to ensure that the data of different plans are comparable on the same scale. For example, convert the energy consumption data into the same unit (kilowatt-hour), unify the economic cost into currency amount (yuan), and use the same calculation method and standard unit for environmental indicators.

[0076] Then, use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) or the expert scoring method to determine the weights of each evaluation index. For ancient architecture replicas with high cultural protection requirements, the weight of the cultural protection index can be appropriately increased; for projects that focus on economic benefits, the weight of the economic cost index can be increased. For example, through pairwise comparison of the importance of each index by experts, construct a judgment matrix, and calculate that the weights of the energy-saving effect, economic cost, environmental impact, and cultural protection indexes are 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, and 0.25 respectively.

[0077] Next, for each energy-saving optimization plan, multiply the quantified value of each plan on each evaluation index by the corresponding weight and sum them to obtain the comprehensive score. For example, if the energy consumption reduction rate of Plan A is 30%, the score is 0.3×30 (assuming a full score of 100); the initial investment cost is 500,000 yuan, and the score is 0.25×(1 - 50 / total budget ceiling)×100; and so on, calculate the comprehensive score of Plan A.

[0078] Finally, compare the comprehensive scores of each plan, select the plan with the highest score as the optimal energy-saving optimization plan. If the scores are similar, further analyze the key indicators or organize expert demonstration, and comprehensively consider factors such as the feasibility, stability, and innovation of the plan to finally determine the optimal plan.

[0079] Step 8: Renovate the ancient architecture replica according to the optimal energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

[0080] Specifically, regarding the renovation of ancient imitation buildings, first, based on the optimal energy-saving optimization plan, carefully draw construction drawings, elaborate on the preparation of technical disclosure materials, clarify the specific models, precise installation positions, and key technical parameters of energy-saving equipment (such as high-efficiency energy-saving air conditioners and LED lighting fixtures), as well as the construction technology and material specifications for the renovation of the building envelope structure (such as adding wall insulation layers and replacing energy-saving doors and windows); then, form a construction team covering professional personnel such as building craftsmen, electrical engineers, and equipment installation experts to renovate the ancient imitation buildings.

[0081] Regarding the establishment of an energy consumption monitoring system, first, select appropriate energy consumption monitoring equipment, such as smart meters, water meters, gas meters, and indoor environmental monitoring sensors (temperature, humidity, CO 2 concentration, light intensity sensors, etc.); the smart meter should have high-precision measurement and data transmission functions, be able to record electricity consumption data in real time and upload it to the monitoring platform; the water meter and gas meter should adapt to the water and gas flow ranges of the building to ensure accurate measurement; install corresponding monitoring equipment at the distribution box, main water pipe, and gas inlet of the building, and the indoor environmental sensors are evenly distributed in each functional area, such as exhibition halls, offices, living rooms, etc., to ensure that the indoor environmental conditions can be comprehensively reflected.

[0082] Then, configure a data acquisition system, set the acquisition frequency (such as collecting data every 15 minutes) and data storage format, and use wired or wireless transmission methods (such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.) to transmit the monitoring data to the data processing center, establish a data communication network, ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission, avoid data loss or delay, and for wireless transmission devices, reasonably set the signal strength and frequency band to avoid interference.

[0083] Finally, build an energy consumption monitoring data processing and analysis platform, use a database management system (such as MySQL, SQLServer) to store a large amount of monitoring data, develop data analysis software with data visualization functions (such as drawing energy consumption curves, bar charts, pie charts, etc.), and perform statistical analysis (such as daily, monthly, and annual energy consumption statistics, energy consumption trend analysis) and correlation analysis (such as the correlation analysis between energy consumption and environmental factors, equipment operation status) on the energy consumption data. Through data analysis, promptly discover abnormal energy consumption situations, evaluate the energy-saving renovation effect, and provide a basis for subsequent optimization and adjustment.

[0084] In one embodiment, specifically, in step two, the method for constructing a building-environment coupling model includes the following steps:

[0085] Step 201: Extract the building data of the ancient imitation building from the ancient imitation building information database, and use 3D modeling software to construct a 3D model of the ancient imitation building.

[0086] Specifically, building data is extracted from the antique building information database, such as building structure data (main structure form, dimensions and materials of beams and columns, etc.), building decoration and construction data (styles and dimensions of doors and windows, etc.). Using professional 3D modeling software (such as 3ds Max, Revit), a 3D model of the antique building is constructed based on these data. When modeling, it is necessary to accurately restore the appearance of the building, the internal space layout, as well as the geometric dimensions and material characteristics of each part, ensuring that the model can truly reflect the actual situation of the antique building and providing an accurate building model basis for subsequent simulation analysis;

[0087] Step 202: Based on geographic information system technology and computational fluid dynamics technology, combined with the geographic environment data in the antique building information database, an environmental flow field model is generated;

[0088] Specifically, based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, the geographic environment data in the antique building information database is processed. These data include the geographical location (latitude and longitude) of the building site, topographical and geomorphic features (mountains, plains, etc.), geological conditions, as well as the distribution of the surrounding natural environment and buildings. Through GIS technology, information such as the topographical and geomorphic features and the distribution of ground objects around the building can be accurately obtained, providing an accurate geographical space basis for subsequent simulation. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, using its principle of solving the Navier-Stokes equation, the environmental flow field conditions such as the natural wind field, temperature field, and humidity field around the building are simulated. By inputting meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, etc.), an environmental flow field model is generated, which can visually display the distribution and changes of the environmental flow field around the building;

[0089] Step 203: The 3D model of the antique building is imported into the virtual environment containing the environmental flow field model to construct a building-environment coupling model;

[0090] Specifically, the 3D model of the antique building is imported into the virtual environment containing the environmental flow field model. Through spatial coordinate matching and data association, the antique building model and the environmental model are accurately corresponding in spatial position. Using data interaction interfaces and coupling algorithms, the simulation of the energy and material exchange process between the building model and the environmental model is realized, such as heat transfer and air flow between the building and the external environment, thereby constructing a building-environment coupling model. Such a coupling model can comprehensively consider the interaction between the characteristics of the building itself and the surrounding environmental factors, providing a more accurate model basis for energy consumption analysis;

[0091] Step 204: The building-environment coupling model is verified and calibrated, and the parameters in the model are adjusted;

[0092] Specifically, collect the measured data on-site of the antique architecture, such as the temperature, wind speed, light intensity at specific locations, etc. Compare and analyze these measured data with the model simulation results to judge the accuracy of the model. According to the comparison results, adjust the parameters in the model, such as the thermal conductivity of materials, the roughness of the building surface, meteorological parameters, etc. By continuously optimizing the model parameters, improve the simulation accuracy of the model to ensure that the building-environment coupling model can accurately reflect the real situation of the antique architecture in the actual environment, providing reliable model support for subsequent energy consumption analysis and simulation of energy-saving optimization schemes.

[0093] In one embodiment, specifically, in step five, the optimization algorithm selects the genetic algorithm; the method of using the optimization algorithm to generate multiple energy-saving optimization schemes includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 501: Encode the energy-saving related parameters of the antique architecture using binary or real number encoding, and determine the value range of each variable;

[0095] Specifically, first, analyze the energy consumption influencing factors of the antique architecture, and determine parameters such as the heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope, the airtightness performance parameters of doors and windows, the power and efficiency of lighting equipment, and the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning system as energy-saving related parameters. For the building envelope, if different materials and structures are used, its heat transfer coefficient will be different; the airtightness performance of doors and windows affects the energy loss caused by air infiltration;

[0096] Then, select a suitable encoding method according to the parameter characteristics. For some discrete parameters, such as the selection of different types of energy-saving equipment, binary encoding can be used, with 0 and 1 representing different equipment types; for continuous parameters, such as the thickness of thermal insulation materials, real number encoding is used to determine the reasonable value range of each parameter, such as the thickness of thermal insulation materials is between 5 - 20 cm, and the air conditioning energy efficiency ratio is between 3 - 6, etc., which is determined based on the actual situation of the building, the performance of existing materials and equipment in the market, and energy-saving standards.

[0097] Step 502: According to the encoding method and variable value range, randomly generate a population containing multiple individuals;

[0098] Specifically, first, according to the determined encoding method and value range, use a random number generator to generate a population containing a certain number of individuals, and each individual represents a combination of energy-saving schemes; for example, an individual is represented as: the thickness of thermal insulation materials is 10 cm (real number encoding), select energy-saving lighting equipment A (represented by binary encoding), the air conditioning energy efficiency ratio is 4.5 (real number encoding), etc., which is a set of parameter settings.

[0099] Then, determine the population size. The size of the population is determined according to the complexity of the problem and the computing resources. Generally speaking, for the more complex energy-saving problems of ancient architecture imitation, the population size can be set between 50 and 200 to ensure sufficient diversity in the search space, but without causing excessive computational effort that leads to too long calculation time.

[0100] Step 503: Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population based on the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and energy-saving goals of the ancient architecture imitation, and iteratively update the population through selection, crossover, and mutation operations.

[0101] Specifically, first, construct a fitness function based on the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and energy-saving goals of the ancient architecture imitation. The fitness function can comprehensively consider factors such as the degree of energy consumption reduction, economic cost savings, and improvement of environmental impact. For example, the fitness function can be: Fitness = Energy consumption reduction weight × (Original energy consumption - Scheme energy consumption) / Original energy consumption + Economic cost weight × (Original cost - Scheme cost) / Original cost + Environmental impact weight × (Original emissions - Scheme emissions) / Original emissions, where the weights are determined according to the importance of each factor.

[0102] Then, evaluate the individuals in the population through fitness calculation. The selection operation can adopt methods such as roulette wheel selection or tournament selection, and select individuals with high fitness to enter the next generation population to ensure the inheritance of excellent individuals. The crossover operation adopts single-point crossover or multi-point crossover according to the coding method. For example, for binary coding, exchange some gene segments of two individuals at a random position; for real number coding, adopt arithmetic crossover and other methods. The mutation operation randomly changes some genes of individuals with a small probability. For example, in real number coding, add or subtract a small random value to a certain parameter to introduce new gene combinations and prevent the algorithm from falling into a local optimum. Continuously iterate and update the population to make the population gradually evolve towards a better energy-saving scheme.

[0103] Step 504: After the number of iterations reaches the preset threshold, stop the iteration, screen out high-quality individuals, and convert them into energy-saving optimization schemes.

[0104] Specifically, first, set the preset threshold for the number of iterations, such as 100 - 500 iterations. When the number of iterations reaches the preset threshold, stop the iteration process. This is because as the number of iterations increases, the evolution speed of the population will gradually slow down. If the iteration continues, the consumption of computing resources will increase, but the improvement of the optimization effect obtained is not obvious.

[0105] Then, after stopping the iteration, sort based on the fitness values of the individuals, and select the top several individuals with higher fitness values, such as the first 10 - 20 individuals. Convert the parameter combinations represented by these high-quality individuals into actual energy-saving optimization plans. These plans are the energy-saving optimization plans for ancient imitation buildings with high potential generated by the genetic algorithm and can be used for further evaluation and selection.

[0106] In one embodiment, specifically, in step four, the traditional energy-saving strategies for ancient imitation buildings include: natural ventilation strategy, natural lighting strategy, thermal insulation strategy, and energy recycling strategy.

[0107] Among them, the natural ventilation strategy includes: reasonable building layout and adjustable ventilation opening settings.

[0108] Reasonable building layout: Through a well-proportioned building layout, such as a courtyard-style layout, utilize spaces such as courtyards and skylights to organize and guide natural wind into the building interior, form cross ventilation, accelerate air circulation, take away indoor heat, and achieve natural cooling in summer.

[0109] Adjustable ventilation opening settings: Set flexible ventilation openings such as doors, windows, and grilles, and manually adjust the size and direction of the ventilation openings according to seasonal and weather changes. Reduce the influx of cold air in winter and introduce more cool air in summer to effectively adjust the indoor air environment.

[0110] The natural lighting strategy includes: optimization of orientation and window-wall ratio, and sunshade and light reflection structures.

[0111] Optimization of orientation and window-wall ratio: Based on the local solar trajectory and climate characteristics, select a suitable building orientation, such as facing south, and at the same time reasonably design the window-wall ratio so that the building can obtain more solar heat in winter and avoid excessive direct sunlight in summer, reducing the indoor cooling demand.

[0112] Sunshade and light reflection structures: Adopt traditional sunshade structures such as eaves, sunshades, and louvers to block direct sunlight in summer and reduce the indoor temperature; use structures such as white walls and reflective floors to reflect light, improve the uniformity of indoor lighting, and reduce the dependence on artificial lighting during the day.

[0113] The thermal insulation strategy includes: utilization of material properties and roof and wall structures.

[0114] Utilization of material properties: Select local traditional materials with good thermal insulation performance, such as adobe, blue bricks, and wood, and through reasonable material combinations and construction methods, such as thick soil walls and double-layer wooden windows, form a good thermal insulation effect and reduce heat exchange between indoors and outdoors.

[0115] Roof and wall structure: The sloping roof form is adopted, and the air layer in the roof space is used for heat insulation; in the wall structure, thick walls, partition walls, etc. are adopted, and heat insulation materials such as rice husks and sawdust are filled to enhance the heat preservation and insulation ability of the walls;

[0116] Energy recycling strategies include: rainwater collection and utilization and biomass energy utilization;

[0117] Rainwater collection and utilization: By setting up facilities such as patios, eaves gutters, and water tanks, rainwater is collected for non-drinking water uses such as building irrigation and washing, reducing the dependence on municipal water supply and realizing the recycling of water resources;

[0118] Biomass energy utilization: In some areas of ancient architecture replicas with conditions, the surrounding biomass resources, such as wood waste and crop straws, are used and burned through traditional stove designs for winter heating or cooking, realizing the local sourcing and recycling of energy.

[0119] In one embodiment, specifically, in step three, the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results include: time-dimensional energy consumption analysis results, space-dimensional energy consumption analysis results, and comprehensive energy consumption analysis results;

[0120] Among them, the time-dimensional energy consumption analysis results include: seasonal energy consumption distribution, day-night energy consumption difference, and typical day energy consumption curve;

[0121] Seasonal energy consumption distribution: Clearly define the total energy consumption values of the ancient architecture replica in each of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, as well as the proportion of sub-item energy consumption such as heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting in different seasons. For example, the proportion of winter heating energy consumption in the total energy consumption, the specific value and proportion of summer cooling energy consumption, etc., so as to find out the peak energy consumption season;

[0122] Day-night energy consumption difference: Statistically analyze the total energy consumption during the day and night and the energy consumption distribution of each energy-using system (such as lighting, electrical equipment, etc.) during the day and night periods, and analyze the energy consumption characteristics brought by natural lighting and human activities during the day, as well as the energy consumption situation of equipment standby and heat preservation at night;

[0123] Typical day energy consumption curve: Draw the curve of energy consumption change over time of the ancient architecture replica on typical working days and rest days, clearly showing the energy consumption fluctuations at different times of a day, such as the energy consumption peaks and valleys during different periods such as working hours, lunch break hours, and off-duty hours;

[0124] The space-dimensional energy consumption analysis results include: floor energy consumption distribution, energy consumption situation of functional areas, and energy consumption contribution of the building envelope;

[0125] Floor energy consumption distribution: Calculate the total energy consumption of each floor of the antique building, and analyze the energy consumption differences caused by factors such as orientation, lighting, and usage functions on different floors. For example, the top floor has a higher energy consumption due to greater solar radiation, and the bottom floor has different energy consumption performances due to different ventilation conditions;

[0126] Energy consumption of functional areas: Statistically analyze the energy consumption of different functional areas (such as living spaces, office areas, exhibition halls, etc.) in the antique building, and clarify the main energy-consuming equipment and energy consumption ratios of each functional area. For example, the lighting and air-conditioning systems in the exhibition hall have a higher energy consumption, and the domestic hot water energy consumption in the living space accounts for a relatively large proportion;

[0127] Energy consumption contribution of the building envelope: Evaluate the energy consumption losses of different parts of the building envelope (walls, roofs, doors and windows, etc.), and determine the weak links of the building envelope with high energy consumption. For example, by calculating the heat conduction loss of the wall, find the wall area with poor insulation performance;

[0128] The comprehensive energy consumption analysis results include: correlation analysis of energy consumption influencing factors, energy consumption trend prediction, and energy-saving potential assessment;

[0129] Correlation analysis of energy consumption influencing factors: Analyze the influence of the interaction of factors in the time dimension and space dimension on energy consumption, and find the key factor combinations that affect energy consumption. For example, the increase in cooling energy consumption caused by orientation and solar radiation on a certain floor in the afternoon of summer;

[0130] Energy consumption trend prediction: Based on historical energy consumption data and multi-dimensional analysis results, predict the energy consumption trend of the antique building in the future for a certain period (such as one year, one season), providing a forward-looking basis for the formulation of energy-saving strategies;

[0131] Energy-saving potential assessment: According to the energy consumption analysis results, evaluate the energy-saving potential of the antique building in different dimensions, and determine the key directions and areas for optimization. For example, the maximum energy-saving effect obtained by taking energy-saving measures in a specific season, specific floor, or specific functional area.

[0132] In one embodiment, specifically, in step one, the multi-source data includes: building basic information data, building structure data, building material data, building decoration and construction data, historical and cultural data, meteorological data, geographical environment data, and energy usage data;

[0133] Among them, the building basic information data includes: the age of the antique building, style type (such as Tang and Song styles, Ming and Qing styles, etc.), building use (residential, commercial, cultural display, etc.); the floor area, building area, number of floors, and floor height of the building; the overall layout of the building, including courtyard distribution, room function zoning, and other information;

[0134] The building structure data includes: the form of the main structure, such as wooden structure forms like the beam - raising type and the column - passing type, or the specific types of masonry structures; the dimensions and materials of the main structural components such as beams, columns, and walls; the form (hip - roof, gable - and - hip roof, etc.), slope, and construction levels of the roof;

[0135] The building material data includes: the names, origins, and usage parts of various building materials, such as the types of wood (e.g., pine, fir, etc.), the types of stone (e.g., bluestone, granite, etc.); the physical property parameters of the materials, including thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density, etc., which are used for subsequent energy consumption analysis and energy - saving design;

[0136] The building decoration and construction data includes: the patterns, colors, and techniques (such as wood carving, brick carving, colored painting, etc.) of the interior and exterior decoration of the building; the styles, dimensions, and quantities of doors and windows, the materials of door and window frames (wood, metal, etc.), the types and properties of glass (ordinary glass, insulating glass, etc.); the dimensions, positions, and functions of special structures such as patios, corridors, and fire walls;

[0137] The historical and cultural data includes: the historical background, cultural allusions, and inheritance stories of the building; the traditional folk activities related to the building and their impacts on the use of the building; the traditional building construction techniques and methods in the local area, including construction processes, construction details, etc.;

[0138] The meteorological data includes: the average temperature, extreme temperature in the area where the building is located for many years, the temperature change curves in the four seasons; the annual precipitation, the seasonal characteristics of precipitation distribution; the average wind speed, the dominant wind direction, the wind speed changes in different seasons; the lighting duration, the solar radiation intensity, the lighting conditions in different orientations; the annual and seasonal changes of relative humidity;

[0139] The geographical environment data includes: the geographical location information (latitude and longitude) of the building site; the topographical and geomorphic features, such as mountains, plains, waterside, etc.; the geological conditions, including soil types, bearing capacity, groundwater level; the surrounding natural environment, such as the types and coverage of vegetation, the positions and scales of water bodies such as rivers and lakes; the distribution, heights, spacings, and usage natures of the surrounding buildings;

[0140] The energy usage data includes: the past energy consumption data of the antique - style building, including the usage amounts and usage periods of energy such as electricity, gas, heat, etc.; the types, powers, and usage frequencies of various energy - using equipment (such as lighting fixtures, air - conditioning systems, heating equipment, etc.).

[0141] In one embodiment, specifically, in step seven, the comprehensive evaluation index system consists of an energy - saving effect index, an economic cost index, an environmental impact index, and a cultural protection index;

[0142] Among them, the energy - saving effect index includes: the energy consumption reduction rate and the energy structure optimization degree;

[0143] Energy consumption reduction rate: Calculate the reduction ratio of the annual total energy consumption predicted by each energy-saving optimization plan compared to the energy consumption of the original building. The higher this ratio, the better the energy-saving effect;

[0144] Degree of energy structure optimization: Evaluate the improvement in the proportion of renewable energy (such as solar energy, geothermal energy, etc.) in the total energy consumption after the implementation of the plan. The higher the proportion, the more reasonable and cleaner the energy structure;

[0145] Economic cost indicators include: initial investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and payback period;

[0146] Initial investment cost: Statistically calculate the one-time input costs such as equipment purchase costs, material costs, and construction costs required for energy-saving renovation;

[0147] Operation and maintenance cost: Estimate the energy costs, equipment maintenance costs, personnel management costs, etc. within a certain operation period (such as 5 years, 10 years) after the implementation of the plan;

[0148] Payback period: Calculate the investment recovery period of the plan based on the energy-saving benefits and the initial investment cost. The shorter the recovery period, the higher the economic feasibility;

[0149] Environmental impact indicators include: reduction in carbon emissions and improvement in indoor environmental quality;

[0150] Reduction in carbon emissions: Account for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide after the implementation of each plan compared to the original building, reflecting the contribution of the plan to environmental protection;

[0151] Improvement in indoor environmental quality: Evaluate the improvement degree by simulating and predicting indoor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and daylighting after the implementation of the plan and comparing them with relevant national standards or the indoor environmental conditions of the original building;

[0152] Cultural protection indicators include: integrity of the exterior appearance and retention rate of traditional architectural elements;

[0153] Integrity of the exterior appearance: Evaluate the impact degree of energy-saving renovation measures on the exterior appearance of the imitation ancient building to ensure that the historical style and features of the building are retained after renovation;

[0154] Retention rate of traditional architectural elements: Statistically calculate the retention ratio of traditional architectural elements (such as woodcarvings, brick carvings, bracket sets, etc.) during the implementation of the plan. The higher the retention rate, the more beneficial it is to cultural inheritance.

[0155] In summary, the comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for ancient architecture provided by this embodiment covers a comprehensive and detailed process. In the data collection stage, a variety of data about the building are comprehensively collected through on-site measurement, literature review, and professional platforms, such as building information, environmental data, energy usage, etc., and are carefully processed and stored in the database. Subsequently, a building-environment coupling model is constructed, and advanced technologies are used and strictly verified and calibrated to ensure its accuracy. Based on this model, energy consumption analysis is carried out, deeply analyzing from the time dimension such as seasons and day and night, and the space dimension such as floors and functional areas, to obtain detailed multi-dimensional energy consumption results. At the same time, energy consumption correlation analysis, trend prediction, and potential assessment are carried out. Then, a set of strategies is generated by integrating traditional energy-saving wisdom and modern technology materials, and genetic algorithms are used to generate multiple solutions and screen them. Finally, building renovation is implemented according to the optimal solution, and a perfect energy consumption monitoring system is established, and appropriate equipment is selected to collect and analyze data, comprehensively ensuring the scientificity and effectiveness of the energy-saving optimization of ancient architecture, and achieving a multi-objective balance of energy conservation, economy, environmental protection, and cultural protection.

[0156] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for ancient architecture according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 4 shown, a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for ancient architecture includes: a data acquisition and management module, a model construction module, an energy consumption analysis module, a strategy formulation module, a solution generation module, a simulation and prediction module, an evaluation and decision-making module, and an implementation and monitoring module;

[0157] The data acquisition and management module is configured to acquire diverse data of the ancient architecture and process them to establish an information database of the ancient architecture.

[0158] The model construction module is configured to construct a building-environment coupling model based on the diverse data in the information database of the ancient architecture.

[0159] The energy consumption analysis module is configured to analyze the energy consumption of the ancient architecture from the time dimension and the space dimension based on the building-environment coupling model, and generate multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results.

[0160] The strategy formulation module is configured to formulate a set of energy-saving strategies applicable to the ancient architecture based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of the ancient architecture and combined with modern energy-saving technologies and materials.

[0161] The solution generation module is configured to generate multiple energy-saving optimization solutions by using an optimization algorithm according to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and the set of energy-saving strategies.

[0162] The simulation and prediction module is configured to simulate multiple energy-saving optimization solutions respectively based on the building-environment coupling model and generate multiple simulation and prediction results.

[0163] An evaluation and decision-making module, configured to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, quantitatively evaluate various simulation and prediction results respectively, and select the optimal energy-saving optimization plan;

[0164] An implementation and monitoring module, configured to transform the antique building according to the optimal energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

[0165] In one embodiment, specifically, the data acquisition and management module further includes a data collection unit, a data preprocessing unit, and a database management unit; the data collection unit is used to collect multivariate data of the antique building through various methods; the data preprocessing unit is used to clean, transform, and standardize the multivariate data; the database management unit is used to store the preprocessed multivariate data into the antique building information database.

[0166] In one embodiment, specifically, in the model construction module, when constructing the three-dimensional model of the antique building, the three-dimensional modeling software used has parametric modeling capabilities.

[0167] In summary, the comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for an antique building provided in this embodiment, through the close cooperation of each module, comprehensively realizes the whole process of energy-saving optimization of the antique building from data collection to plan implementation and effect monitoring, ensuring that the energy-saving design is scientific and effective and taking into account the balance of various factors.

[0168] Regarding other details of the implementation technical solutions of each module in the above-mentioned comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for an antique building in the above embodiment, reference can be made to the description in the above-mentioned comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for an antique building in the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0169] It should be noted that each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For system embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the method embodiments.

[0170] The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be pointed out that the advantages, advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are only examples and not limitations. It cannot be considered that these advantages, advantages, effects, etc. are essential for each embodiment of the present disclosure. In addition, the above-mentioned specific details of the disclosure are only for the purpose of illustration and easy understanding, rather than limitations. The above details do not limit the present disclosure to necessarily adopt the above specific details to implement.

[0171] In this disclosure, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems involved in this disclosure are only illustrative examples and do not intend to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, and configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. are open-ended terms, meaning "including but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with each other. The words "or" and "and" used herein refer to the word "and / or", and can be used interchangeably with it, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The word "such as" used herein refers to the phrase "such as but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with it.

[0172] In addition, as used herein, the "or" used in the listing of items starting with "at least one" indicates a disjunctive listing, so that for example, the listing of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, the wording "exemplary" does not mean that the examples described are preferred or better than other examples.

[0173] It should also be noted that in the systems and methods of this disclosure, each component or each step can be decomposed and / or recombined. These decompositions and / or recombinations should be regarded as equivalent solutions of this disclosure.

[0174] Various changes, substitutions, and alterations to the technologies described herein can be made without departing from the teachings defined by the appended claims. In addition, the scope of the claims of this disclosure is not limited to the specific aspects of the processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of events, means, methods, and acts described above. Current or later-developed processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of events, means, methods, or acts that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding aspects described herein can be utilized. Thus, the appended claims include such processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of events, means, methods, or acts within their scope.

[0175] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0176] The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit embodiments of the present disclosure to the form disclosed herein. Although several example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize some of their variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations.

Claims

1. A comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Acquire and process multivariate data of antique buildings to establish an antique building information database; Step 2: Based on the multivariate data in the antique building information database, a coupling model of architecture and environment is constructed; Step 3: Based on the building and environment coupling model, analyze the energy consumption of antique buildings from the time dimension and space dimension to generate multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results; Step 4: Based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of antique buildings, combined with modern energy-saving technologies and materials, formulate a set of energy-saving strategies suitable for the antique buildings; Step 5: Generate multiple energy-saving optimization solutions using optimization algorithms based on the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and energy-saving strategy sets; Step 6: Simulate various energy-saving optimization schemes based on the building and environment coupling model, and generate various simulation prediction results; Step 7: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, conduct quantitative evaluation on various simulation prediction results, and select the best energy-saving optimization plan; Step 8: Renovate antique buildings according to the best energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

2. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the method for constructing a building and environment coupling model includes the following steps: Step 201: extracting architectural data of antique buildings from an antique building information database, and constructing a three-dimensional model of the antique building using three-dimensional modeling software; Step 202: Generate an environmental flow field model based on geographic information system technology and computational fluid dynamics technology in combination with geographic environment data in the antique building information database; Step 203, importing the antique building three-dimensional model into the virtual environment including the environmental flow field model, and constructing a building and environment coupling model; Step 204: Verify and calibrate the building and environment coupling model, and adjust the parameters in the model.

3. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 5, the optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm; the method of using the optimization algorithm to generate multiple energy-saving optimization schemes includes the following steps: Step 501: Encode the energy-saving related parameters of the antique building in binary or real number encoding, and determine the value range of each variable; Step 502: randomly generate a population including multiple individuals according to the encoding method and the variable value range; Step 503: Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population according to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results of the antique buildings and the energy-saving target, and iteratively update the population through selection, crossover, and mutation operations; Step 504: After the number of iterations reaches a preset threshold, the iteration is stopped, and high-quality individuals are screened out and converted into energy-saving optimization solutions.

4. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the traditional energy-saving strategies of the antique building include: natural ventilation strategy, natural lighting strategy, thermal insulation strategy and energy recycling strategy.

5. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step three, the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results include: time dimension energy consumption analysis results, space dimension energy consumption analysis results and comprehensive energy consumption analysis results.

6. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step one, the multivariate data includes: basic building information data, building structure data, building material data, building decoration and construction data, historical and cultural data, meteorological data, geographical environment data and energy use data.

7. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step seven, the comprehensive evaluation index system is composed of energy-saving effect index, economic cost index, environmental impact index and cultural protection index.

8. A comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for antique buildings, applied to a comprehensive energy-saving optimization design method for antique buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system includes: data acquisition and management module, model building module, energy consumption analysis module, strategy formulation module, solution generation module, simulation prediction module, evaluation and decision module and implementation and monitoring module; The data acquisition and management module is configured to acquire and process multi-dimensional data of antique buildings to establish an antique building information database; The model building module is configured to build a building and environment coupling model based on multivariate data in the antique building information database; The energy consumption analysis module is configured to analyze the energy consumption of the antique building from the time dimension and the space dimension based on the building and environment coupling model, and generate a multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis result; The strategy formulation module is configured to formulate a set of energy-saving strategies applicable to the antique building based on the traditional energy-saving strategies of the antique building and in combination with modern energy-saving technologies and materials; The solution generation module is configured to generate a plurality of energy-saving optimization solutions using an optimization algorithm according to the multi-dimensional energy consumption analysis results and the energy-saving strategy set; The simulation prediction module is configured to simulate a plurality of energy-saving optimization schemes respectively based on the building and environment coupling model, and generate a plurality of simulation prediction results; The evaluation and decision-making module is configured to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, quantitatively evaluate various simulation prediction results, and select the best energy-saving optimization solution; The implementation and monitoring module is configured to renovate the antique building according to the best energy-saving optimization plan and establish an energy consumption monitoring system.

9. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for antique buildings according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The data acquisition and management module further includes a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit and a database management unit; the data acquisition unit is used to collect multivariate data of antique buildings in various ways; the data preprocessing unit is used to clean, convert and standardize the multivariate data; The database management unit is used to store the pre-processed multivariate data into the antique building information database.

10. The comprehensive energy-saving optimization design system for antique buildings according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In the model building module, when constructing the antique building three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional modeling software used has a parametric modeling function.

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