Modularized bus jump and relocation scheduling method considering stop time

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular bus jump and relocation scheduling method considering stop time, and belongs to the field of urban public transport operation scheduling. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring geographical location information of a certain conventional bus route and a station and travel data information of bus passengers, and determining the number of passengers getting on and off the bus at the station; the method comprises the following steps: defining a jump station and relocation coupling operation as a decision variable, and establishing a relational expression between the stop time of a modular bus at a stop and the number of passengers getting on and off according to a modular bus single-door design characteristic and a bus combination form; taking the minimum sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as an objective function, setting a modular bus flow constraint and an operation time constraint, and constructing a modular bus scheduling optimization model; and solving to obtain an optimal modularized bus jump station and relocation scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of the corresponding line. According to the invention, for a bus route scene where part of bus stations are relatively high in load, modular bus operation scheduling which efficiently utilizes bus transport capacity resources is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of urban public transportation operation and dispatching, and particularly relates to a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning dispatching method considering the dwell time. Background Art

[0002] Urban public transportation plays an increasingly significant role in promoting sustainable development and green travel. However, traditional buses face many challenges in practical applications. On the one hand, due to the randomness of passengers' travel demands, urban public transportation faces uneven changes in demand in terms of time and space. On the other hand, fixed-capacity buses generally adopt a service mode of stopping at every station, which easily causes large fluctuations in the passenger load factor inside the buses and relatively low vehicle turnover efficiency.

[0003] Modular vehicles are new types of vehicles in which each module can be dissociated and coupled with each other. Modular buses are composed of modular vehicles, and passengers can walk and transfer between different combined modular vehicles. Based on this flexibility feature, the modular bus operation service mode based on the skip-stop strategy enables passengers who need to receive services at the skipped stations to move to the designated modular vehicle and then receive services at that station, while other vehicles skip that station to save running time, achieving an improvement in the overall utilization rate of the public transportation system without compromising passengers' travel demands. In the case of a limited total number of modular vehicles, a repositioning strategy can be combined, that is, modular buses that are idle due to a decrease in the number of on-board passengers during the previous journey are repositioned in advance according to the needs of the subsequent journey to the stations where they can be coupled for the subsequent journey, and passengers can board in advance and wait, thereby reducing the dwell time of modular buses at that station.

[0004] Currently, the modular bus dispatching method has not fully utilized the flexibility features of modular vehicles, resulting in limited potential for modular bus skip-stops. Moreover, in the existing research on modular buses, the dwell time of modular buses is rarely considered and is only set as a fixed value, which cannot comprehensively reflect the time consistency of coupling between modular buses after dissociation and skip-stops. Therefore, in the modular bus skip-stop operation and dispatching method, how to combine the repositioning dispatching method and consider its dwell time according to the characteristics of modular buses will effectively improve the potential of the modular bus skip-stop strategy, match passengers' travel demands, and provide a new perspective for the modular bus dispatching theory. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning dispatching method considering the dwell time, which is beneficial to improving the allocation of modular vehicle resources to meet the fluctuating passenger demands at stations and providing dispatching strategy support for bus operators to put modular buses into operation in the future.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: A modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering dwell time, including: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops; Define the skip-stop and repositioning coupling operation as a decision variable, and establish a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form; Take the minimum sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and set the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model; Solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand.

[0007] Further, the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops includes: the name of the bus stop, the position sequence of the bus stops , the operation sequence of the modular bus , the fleet travel sequence after skip-stop dissociation in the modular fleet itinerary , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i + 1 ; The bus passenger travel data information includes: the relationship formula of passengers arriving at stop i with time , the proportion of bus passengers getting on at the stop and getting off at stop i .

[0008] Further, obtaining the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determining the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops are specifically implemented as follows: (1.1) Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information; (1.2) According to the bus passenger travel data information obtained in (1.1), determine the number of passengers getting on and off the modular bus trip j vehicle k at stop i. The formula is as follows: ; Where respectively represent the number of passengers getting on and off the modular bus trip j vehicle k at stop i, represents the moment when the modular trip j vehicle k leaves stop i.

[0009] Furthermore, define the coupled operation of skipping stations and relocation as decision variables. According to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, establish the relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off. The specific implementation is as follows: (2.1)Define the skipping station and relocation operations as decision variables , where is the decision variable for the skipping station operation. When the modular bus of shift j and trip k serves station i, , otherwise ; When the modular bus of shift j and trip k is coupled at station i , otherwise ; When the modular bus of shift j and trip k forms a convoy of n vehicles during the journey, dissociates at station i and skips station i + 1 until before coupling, , otherwise ; is the decision variable for the relocation operation. When the modular bus relocates from shift j station to shift j station i , otherwise , ; (2.2)According to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, establish the relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and the number of passengers getting off. The formula is as follows: ; where is the dwell time of the modular bus, respectively represent the unit passenger boarding time and the unit passenger alighting time, represents the time when the modular bus of shift j and trip k arrives at station i, represents the time when the modular bus of shift j and trip k + 1 arrives at station i, and , represents the number of modular buses served at each station, represents the sequence number S of the bus stops excluding station 1 and station I.

[0010] Furthermore, with the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, construct the modular bus scheduling optimization model. The specific implementation is as follows: (3.1)Construct the objective function with the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost. The formula is as follows: ; where and respectively represent the operation cost of modular bus unit vehicles, the relocation cost of modular bus unit vehicles, the waiting time cost per passenger unit, and the in-vehicle time cost per passenger unit. represents the departure interval between modular bus trip j and trip j + 1. represents the number of passengers in the vehicle after modular bus trip j, vehicle k departs from stop i; (3.2) Set the modular bus flow constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ; where represents the number of modular vehicles required when modular bus trip j starts service, c represents the capacity of a unit modular vehicle, and M is a positive number approaching infinity; (3.3) Set the modular bus operation time constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ; where respectively represent the minimum and maximum departure intervals of modular buses, represents a time interval, such that there is enough time for the modular bus relocation to adjust and be put into service after arriving at the stop, represents the time constraint value that the modular bus can be coupled with other modular buses at subsequent stops after dissociation and skipping a stop.

[0011] Furthermore, use the commercial solver CPLEX to solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model.

[0012] Furthermore, solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus stop-skipping and relocation scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand, and the specific implementation is as follows: When calculating the minimum value of the objective function, obtain the optimal modular bus stop-skipping and relocation scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand, including: the departure interval of modular buses , the modular bus stop-skipping scheme and , the modular bus relocation scheme and the number of modular buses serving each stop .

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention makes full use of the flexibility characteristics of modular buses, combines the modular bus relocation scheduling method into the stop-skipping scheduling scheme, and flexibly changes the total capacity of modular buses during operation on the premise of achieving fairness, and can contribute to the implementation of the modular bus stop-skipping method; (2) The present invention combines the design features and combination forms of modular buses, takes into account the dwell time of modular buses at stations, helps analyze the time consistency of the coupling between modular buses and other vehicles after skipping stations and dissociation, thus being more in line with the actual situation, and providing a decision-making basis for the bus operation management department to formulate modular bus scheduling operation plans. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 FIG. is a flowchart of a modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering dwell time provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of a modular bus involved in the present invention; Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of a modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further description of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0017] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0018] The present invention provides a modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering dwell time, including: Obtaining the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations and the bus passenger travel data information, and determining the number of passengers getting on and off at stations; Defining the skip-stop and relocation coupling operation as a decision variable, and establishing a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the single-door design feature and vehicle combination form of the modular bus; Taking the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model; Solving the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling plan under the corresponding line passenger demand.

[0019] The following is the specific implementation process of the present invention.

[0020] As Figure 1 shown, a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering dwell time in the present invention includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops. Step S2: Define the skip-stop and repositioning coupling operation as a decision variable. As Figure 2 shown in the modular bus schematic diagram, according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, establish the relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop and the number of passengers getting on and off. Step S3: Take the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and set the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model. Step S4: Solve the model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of this line.

[0021] In step S1, to obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops, the specific process of step S1 is as follows: S11: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops, including: the name of the bus stop, the position sequence of the bus stop , the operation shift sequence of the modular bus , the fleet travel sequence after skip-stop dissociation in the modular fleet itinerary , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i + 1 ; the bus passenger travel data information, including: the relationship formula of passengers arriving at stop i with time , the proportion of bus passengers getting on at the stop and getting off at stop i .

[0022] S12: According to the bus passenger travel data information obtained in S11, determine the number of passengers getting on and off of the modular bus shift j trip k at stop i. The formula is as follows: ; where respectively represent the number of passengers getting on and off of the modular bus shift j trip k at stop i, represents the moment when the modular shift j trip k leaves stop i.

[0023] In step S2, the coupled operation of skipping stations and repositioning is defined as a decision variable. According to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off is established. The specific implementation of step S2 is as follows: S21. Define the skipping station and repositioning operations as decision variables , where is the decision variable for the skipping station operation. When the modular bus of shift j, trip k serves station i, , otherwise ; When the modular bus of shift j, trip k is coupled at station i , otherwise ; When the modular bus of shift j, trip k dissociates into a fleet of n vehicles at station i during the journey and skips station i + 1 until before coupling, , otherwise ; is the decision variable for the repositioning operation. When the modular bus repositions from shift j, station to shift j, station i , otherwise , ; S22. According to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, establish a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and the number of passengers getting off. The formula is as follows: ; where is the dwell time of the modular bus, respectively represent the unit passenger boarding time and the unit passenger alighting time, represents the time when the modular bus of shift j, trip k arrives at station i, represents the time when the modular bus of shift j, trip k + 1 arrives at station i, and , represents the number of modular buses served at each station, represents the order S of the bus stop positions excluding station 1 and station I.

[0024] In step S3, with the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost being minimized as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, a modular bus scheduling optimization model is constructed. The specific implementation of step S3 is as follows: S31. Construct the objective function with the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost being minimized. The formula is as follows: ; where and respectively represent the operation cost of modular bus unit vehicles, the relocation cost of modular bus unit vehicles, the waiting time cost per passenger unit, and the in-vehicle time cost per passenger unit. represents the departure interval between modular bus trip j and trip j + 1. represents the number of passengers in the vehicle after modular bus trip j, vehicle k departs from stop i. S32. Set the modular bus flow constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ; where represents the number of modular vehicles required when modular bus trip j starts service, c represents the capacity of a unit modular vehicle, and M is a relatively large positive number, usually taking a positive number of infinity; S33. Set the modular bus operation time constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ; where respectively represent the minimum and maximum departure intervals of modular buses, represents a time interval, such that there is enough time for modular bus relocation to adjust and be put into service after arriving at the stop, represents the time constraint value for modular buses to be able to couple with other modular buses at subsequent stops after dissociation and skipping stops.

[0025] In step S4, an advanced commercial solver CPLEX is used to accurately solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model. When calculating the minimum value of the objective function, the optimal modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand is obtained, as shown in the schematic diagram of the modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method such as Figure 3 , including the departure interval of modular buses , the modular bus skip-stop scheme and , the modular bus relocation scheme and the number of modular buses serving each stop .

[0026] In summary, the present invention provides a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time. The method obtains the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations and the bus passenger travel data information, and determines the number of passengers getting on and off at stations. Defining the skip-stop and repositioning coupling operation as a decision variable, according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, a relational expression between the dwell time of the modular bus at stations and the number of passengers getting on and off is established. Taking the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, a modular bus scheduling optimization model is constructed. Solving the model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of this line. Through the present invention, the flexibility characteristics of the modular bus can be effectively utilized to flexibly change the total capacity of the modular bus during operation, and it can contribute to the implementation of the modular bus skip-stop method. In addition, the present invention considers the dwell time relational expression based on the design characteristics and combination form of the modular bus, making up for the deficiency in the consideration of the time consistency analysis of the coupling between the modular bus and other vehicles after skip-stop dissociation, thus being more in line with the actual situation and providing a decision-making basis for the bus operation management department to formulate the modular bus scheduling operation plan.

[0027] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0028] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for realizing the functions specified in one Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0029] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufacture including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one process Figure 1 or more processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or more blocks.

[0030] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operational steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing steps for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 or more processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or more blocks.

[0031] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time, characterized in that: include: Obtain the geographic location information of a regular bus route and station and bus passenger travel data information to determine the number of passengers getting on and off the bus at the station; The skipping and relocation coupling operations are defined as decision variables. According to the design characteristics of modular bus single door and vehicle combination, the relationship between the station time of modular bus and the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is established. Taking the minimum sum of passenger travel time cost and vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting modular bus flow constraints and operation time constraints, a modular bus scheduling optimization model is constructed; The modular bus scheduling optimization model is solved to obtain the optimal modular bus skipping and relocation scheduling plan under the corresponding line passenger demand.

2. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geographic location information of a regular bus route and bus stops, including: the name of the bus stop, the order of the bus stop location , Modular bus operation schedule , the order of the convoy trip after the jump station separation in the modular convoy trip , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i+1 ; Public transport passenger travel data information, including: the relationship between passengers arriving at station i over time , bus passengers from the station The proportion of passengers boarding and getting off at station i .

3. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 2, characterized in that: Get the geographic location information of a regular bus route and station and the travel data of bus passengers, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off the bus at the station. The specific implementation is as follows: (1.1) Obtain the geographic location information of a regular bus route and station and bus passenger travel data information; (1.2) Based on the bus passenger travel data information obtained in (1.1), determine the number of passengers getting on and off the modular bus j at station i. The formula is as follows: ； in They represent the number of passengers getting on and getting off at station i for modular bus trip j and bus k respectively. It represents the time when the modular shift j train k leaves the station i.

4. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 3, characterized in that: The skipping and relocation coupling operations are defined as decision variables. According to the design characteristics of modular bus single doors and vehicle combination forms, the relationship between the station time of modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is established. The specific implementation is as follows: (2.1) Define station skipping and relocation operations as decision variables ,in is the decision variable for skipping station operation. When the modular bus schedule j serves station i, ,otherwise ; When modular bus schedule j and bus number k are coupled at station i ,otherwise ; When a modular bus trip j and bus k consists of n vehicles in the trip, it dissociates at station i and skips station i+1 until before coupling, ,otherwise ; is the decision variable for the relocation operation. When the modular bus leaves the station of shift j When relocating to shift j station i ,otherwise , ; (2.2) Based on the design characteristics of the single door of the modular bus and the vehicle combination form, the relationship between the station time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is established. The formula is as follows: ； in is the station time of the modular bus, They represent the time when a passenger gets on the bus and the time when a passenger gets off the bus, respectively. represents the time when bus number k of shift j arrives at station i, represents the time when the train k+1 of shift j arrives at station i, and , represents the number of modular bus vehicles served at each station, Represents the bus stop location sequence S that does not include stop 1 and stop I.

5. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 4, characterized in that: Taking the minimum sum of passenger travel time cost and vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting modular bus flow constraints and operation time constraints, a modular bus scheduling optimization model is constructed. The specific implementation is as follows: (3.1) The objective function is constructed by minimizing the sum of passenger travel time cost and vehicle operation cost. The formula is as follows: ； in and They represent the modular bus unit vehicle operation cost, the modular bus unit vehicle relocation cost, the passenger unit waiting time cost and the passenger unit on-board time cost, respectively. represents the departure interval between modular bus schedule j and schedule j+1, It represents the number of people on board the modular bus j after the bus k departs from the station i; (3.2) Set the modular bus flow constraints, the formula is as follows: ； in represents the number of modular vehicles required when modular bus schedule j starts service, c represents the capacity of one unit of modular vehicle, and M is an infinite positive number; (3.3) Set the modular bus operation time constraint condition, the formula is as follows: ； in They represent the minimum and maximum intervals for modular bus departures, It is expressed as a time interval, which allows the modular bus to have enough time to adjust and put into service after arriving at the station. It represents the time constraint value that a modular bus can couple with other modular buses at subsequent stations after it dissociates from the station.

6. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 5, characterized in that: The commercial solver CPLEX is used to solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model.

7. A modular bus stop skipping and relocation scheduling method considering station time according to claim 6, characterized in that: Solve the modular bus dispatch optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skipping and relocation dispatching scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand. The specific implementation is as follows: When the objective function is calculated to be the minimum, the optimal modular bus skipping and relocation scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand is obtained, including: modular bus departure time interval , Modular bus skipping solution and , Modular bus relocation solution and the number of modular buses served at each station .

Images