Automobile engine model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of teaching models, in particular to an automobile engine model which comprises a model body, a mounting cavity is formed in the model body, a plurality of cylinder bodies are arranged in the mounting cavity, pistons are arranged in the cylinder bodies, a crankshaft is rotationally arranged in the mounting cavity, the crankshaft is connected with the pistons, and the pistons are arranged in the mounting cavity. A crankshaft is arranged on one side of the model body, a driving mechanism in power connection with the crankshaft is arranged on one side of the model body, a shell fixedly connected with the model body is arranged on the driving mechanism, a gear shifting mechanism is arranged in the shell, a rotating hand wheel is arranged to drive the crankshaft and a piston to move, and the participation degree is improved in a manual driving mode; the output torque of the driving mechanism is controlled through the gear shifting mechanism, and when the specific movement condition of the piston needs to be displayed, the output torque is increased, and the rotation speed of the crankshaft is reduced, so that the movement frequency of the piston is reduced, and careful observation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of teaching models, and particularly to an automobile engine model. Background Art

[0002] An engine is a machine that can convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy, including, for example, internal combustion engines (reciprocating piston engines), external combustion engines (Stirling engines, steam engines, etc.), jet engines, electric motors, etc. For example, an internal combustion engine usually converts chemical energy into mechanical energy; an engine is applicable to power generating devices and can also refer to the entire machine including the power device (such as a gasoline engine, an aviation engine). The engine displacement is the sum of the working volumes of each cylinder of the engine, generally expressed in liters (L), and the cylinder working volume refers to the gas volume swept by the piston from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, also known as the single-cylinder displacement, which depends on the cylinder diameter and the piston stroke. The common cylinder numbers of automobile engines are 3 cylinders, 4 cylinders, 6 cylinders, 8 cylinders, 10 cylinders, 12 cylinders, etc.

[0003] In order to restore the real engine structure, an engine model is usually used during teaching to demonstrate the working principle of the engine. Currently, the engine model mainly shows the movement of the piston, demonstrates the trajectory changes of multiple pistons during the movement process, and shows the position of the piston when it stops, thus facilitating teaching.

[0004] However, in actual use, it is usually driven by a motor or other power devices. When the piston of the engine model moves, the movement frequency is fast, making it difficult to observe in detail. Moreover, students have less interaction and low participation during the teaching process, which affects the teaching effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages in the prior art that when the piston of the engine model moves, the movement frequency is fast, it is difficult to observe, there is less interaction with students, the participation is low, and the teaching effect is affected, and to propose an automobile engine model.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] Design an automobile engine model, including a model main body. An installation cavity is opened on the model main body. A plurality of cylinders are arranged in the installation cavity. Pistons are arranged in each cylinder. A crankshaft is rotatably arranged in the installation cavity. The crankshaft is connected to the plurality of pistons. Both ends of the crankshaft penetrate through the model main body. An intake device is arranged on the model main body. One end of the crankshaft is power-connected to the intake device. A driving mechanism power-connected to the other end of the crankshaft is arranged on one side of the model main body. A housing fixedly connected to the model main body is arranged on the driving mechanism. A shifting mechanism is arranged in the housing.

[0008] Further, the driving mechanism includes a handwheel, a transmission rod is fixedly arranged on the handwheel, the transmission rod penetrates through the housing and is rotatably connected to the model main body, and a gear assembly power-connected to the transmission rod is arranged in the housing;

[0009] A support frame cooperating with the gear assembly is rotatably arranged on the transmission rod, a transmission wheel power-connected to the gear assembly is rotatably arranged on the support frame, a mounting frame is arranged on the model main body, and a linkage rod power-connected to the crankshaft and the transmission wheel is arranged on the mounting frame.

[0010] Further, a spring telescopic rod is fixedly arranged on the linkage rod, an output rod of the spring telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a transmission member, and the transmission member has a contact surface cooperating with the transmission wheel.

[0011] Further, the spring telescopic rod includes a cylinder body, an elastic member and an output rod, a synchronous protrusion is arranged on the outer wall of the output rod, a synchronous groove corresponding to the synchronous protrusion is formed in the inner wall of the cylinder body, a worm is sleeved on the linkage rod, and a worm gear meshed with the worm is key-connected to the crankshaft.

[0012] Further, a mounting seat rotatably connected with the transmission rod is fixedly arranged on the housing, the shifting mechanism includes a shift lever fixedly arranged on the support frame, and a connecting portion cooperating with the mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the support frame.

[0013] Further, a cavity is arranged in the connecting portion, a first spring is arranged in the cavity and is connected with a clamping member through the first spring, and the clamping member abuts against the mounting seat.

[0014] Further, a slot with an inclined surface is formed in the clamping member, a plug rod cooperating with the slot is movably inserted on the shift lever, a pressing cap is fixedly arranged on the plug rod, and a second spring is arranged between the plug rod and the shift lever.

[0015] Further, an annular groove is formed in the mounting seat, a plurality of clamping blocks are arranged at intervals in the annular groove, a plurality of positioning blocks are fixedly arranged on the clamping member, and the positioning blocks and the clamping blocks are alternately inserted.

[0016] Further, the air intake device is provided with an air intake hole and an exhaust hole cooperating with the cylinder block, control valves are arranged in both the air intake hole and the exhaust hole, a driving rod cooperating with the control valve is rotatably arranged on the air intake device, and the driving rod is power-connected to the crankshaft.

[0017] Further, an air vent communicating with the cylinder block is formed on the air intake device. An activity plate is movably inserted into the air intake device, and a sealing portion cooperating with the air vent is fixedly arranged on the activity plate.

[0018] Further, a limiting portion cooperating with the activity plate is fixedly arranged in the activity groove. A tension spring is arranged between the limiting portion and the activity plate, and a guide rod movably inserted into the activity plate is further arranged in the activity groove.

[0019] Further, a connection ring is fixedly arranged on the driving rod. The connection ring is connected with a sliding ring through a plurality of two-link mechanisms. The sliding ring is slidably connected with the driving rod. A driving column is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the activity plate, and a frustum cooperating with the driving column is arranged on the sliding ring.

[0020] An automobile engine model proposed by the present invention has the beneficial effects that:

[0021] In the present invention, by arranging a rotating handwheel to drive the crankshaft and the piston to move, the participation degree is improved by means of manual driving, the teaching effect is improved by interacting with students, and meanwhile, the energy loss generated by driving devices such as motors is avoided and the emission is reduced, which is applicable to different teaching environments;

[0022] Secondly, in the present invention, the output torque of the driving mechanism is controlled by a shifting mechanism. When it is necessary to display the specific movement condition of the piston, the output torque is increased and the rotation speed of the crankshaft is reduced, so as to reduce the movement frequency of the piston and facilitate careful observation. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile engine model proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation cavity of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cylinder block of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission wheel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the spring telescopic rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic enlarged structural diagram of Area A of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of Area B of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ventilation port of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting ring of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slip ring of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tension spring of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1, model main body; 2, installation cavity; 3, cylinder block; 4, piston; 5, crankshaft; 6, intake device; 61, control valve; 62, drive rod; 63, ventilation port; 64, movable plate; 641, limiting part; 642, tension spring; 643, guide rod; 65, sealing part; 66, connecting ring; 67, slip ring; 68, drive column; 7, drive mechanism; 71, handwheel; 72, transmission rod; 73, gear assembly; 74, support frame; 75, transmission wheel; 76, mounting bracket; 77, spring telescopic rod; 771, cylinder body; 772, elastic member; 773, output rod; 78, transmission member; 79, worm; 8, shift mechanism; 81, shift lever; 82, connecting part; 83, first spring; 84, clamping member; 85, slot; 86, inserting rod; 87, second spring; 9, mounting seat; 91, clamping block. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0037] Refer to Figures 1-12 , an automobile engine model, including a model main body 1, an installation cavity 2 is opened on the model main body 1, a plurality of cylinder blocks 3 are arranged in the installation cavity 2, pistons 4 are arranged in each cylinder block 3, a crankshaft 5 is rotatably arranged in the installation cavity 2, the crankshaft 5 is connected to a plurality of pistons 4, both ends of the crankshaft 5 penetrate through the model main body 1, an intake device 6 is arranged on the model main body 1, intake structures such as an intake valve and an intake hole are arranged in the intake device 6, which are prior art and will not be elaborated here. One end of the crankshaft 5 is power-connected to the intake device 6, a drive mechanism 7 power-connected to the other end of the crankshaft 5 is arranged on one side of the model main body 1, a housing fixedly connected to the model main body 1 is arranged on the drive mechanism 7, and a shift mechanism 8 is arranged in the housing.

[0038] In the present invention, power is provided to the engine model by cooperating an artificial operation with the driving mechanism 7. During teaching, trainees can be randomly selected to operate, interacting with students to improve the teaching effect. At the same time, energy losses generated by driving devices such as motors are avoided and emissions are reduced, making it applicable to different teaching environments, such as workshops with inconvenient power supply. The output torque of the driving mechanism 7 is controlled by the shifting mechanism 8. When it is necessary to display the specific movement of the piston 4, the output torque is increased, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the crankshaft 5, achieving a reduction in the movement frequency of the piston 4 and increasing the time required for the piston 4 to complete one movement cycle, facilitating careful observation.

[0039] Further, in this embodiment, the driving mechanism 7 includes a handwheel 71. A transmission rod 72 is fixedly arranged on the handwheel 71. The transmission rod 72 penetrates through the outer shell and is rotatably connected to the model main body 1. A gear assembly 73 power-connected to the transmission rod 72 is arranged inside the outer shell. By manually rotating the handwheel 71, the transmission rod 72 is driven to move, and the direction of power output is changed through the gear assembly 73 to drive the crankshaft 5 and the piston 4 to move. The gear assembly 73 includes at least two meshing bevel gears, and the included angle between the two bevel gears is 90 degrees.

[0040] In this embodiment, a support frame 74 cooperating with the gear assembly 73 is rotatably arranged on the transmission rod 72. A transmission wheel 75 power-connected to the gear assembly 73 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 74. An installation frame 76 is arranged on the model main body 1, and a linkage rod power-connected to the crankshaft 5 and the transmission wheel 75 is arranged on the installation frame 76. The gear assembly 73 composed of two bevel gears is supported by the support frame 74 to provide a supporting force. The transmission wheel 75 is driven to rotate through the gear assembly 73. At the same time, the support frame 74 can rotate around the transmission rod 72 as the center to adjust the position of the transmission wheel 75 and change the output torque.

[0041] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a spring telescopic rod 77 is fixedly arranged on the linkage rod. The output rod of the spring telescopic rod 77 is fixedly connected with a transmission part 78. The transmission part 78 has a contact surface cooperating with the transmission wheel 75. When the position of the transmission wheel 75 changes, its contact position with the transmission part 78 changes, and the transmission ratio also changes accordingly, thereby changing the torque and rotational speed of the crankshaft 5.

[0042] In this embodiment, the spring telescopic rod 77 includes a cylinder 771, an elastic member 772 and an output rod 773. The cylinder 771 is fixedly connected to the linkage rod. The outer wall of the output rod 773 is provided with a synchronization protrusion, and the inner wall of the cylinder 771 is provided with a synchronization groove corresponding to the synchronization protrusion. The elastic member 772 pushes the output rod 773 to move outward, thereby tightly contacting the transmission member 78 with the transmission wheel 75 to prevent loosening and slipping. At the same time, when the transmission member 78 is driven to rotate, the output rod 773 drives the cylinder 771 and the linkage rod to rotate under the action of the synchronization protrusion, thereby providing power for the linkage rod.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a worm 79 is sleeved on the connecting rod, and a worm wheel meshing with the worm 79 is keyed on the crankshaft 5. When the connecting rod rotates, the worm 79 rotates accordingly, and the worm wheel and the crankshaft 5 are driven to rotate through the worm 79, and then the piston 4 is driven to move through the crankshaft 5.

[0044] In addition, in the present embodiment, a mounting seat 9 rotatably connected to the transmission rod 72 is fixedly provided on the outer shell, and the shift mechanism 8 includes a gear lever 81 fixedly provided on the support frame 74, and a connecting portion 82 matched with the mounting seat 9 is fixedly provided on the support frame 74. The mounting seat 9 and the connecting portion 82 are movably connected. When the support frame 74 is driven to rotate by controlling the gear lever 81, the support frame 74 rotates with the mounting seat 9 as the center of the circle, thereby changing the position and angle of the transmission wheel 75.

[0045] In this embodiment, a cavity is provided in the connecting portion 82, and the mounting seat 9 is partially inserted into the cavity. A first spring 83 is provided in the cavity and a clamp 84 is connected through the first spring 83. The clamp 84 abuts against the mounting seat 9. The first spring 83 supports the clamp 84 and abuts against the mounting seat 9 to form a damping structure to fix the support frame 74 to prevent the transmission rod 72 from rotating and driving the support frame 74 to rotate when the hand wheel 71 is rotated, causing the bevel gear in the gear assembly 73 to not rotate or the rotation amplitude to be reduced, thereby affecting the operating effect.

[0046] In detail, in the present embodiment, a slot 85 with an inclined surface is provided on the card member 84, and an insertion rod 86 cooperating with the slot 85 is movably connected to the gear lever 81. The insertion rod 86 has an inclined surface, and a pressing cap is fixedly provided on the insertion rod 86. A second spring 87 is provided between the insertion rod 86 and the gear lever 81. By applying force to the pressing cap, the insertion rod 86 is driven to move, and the insertion rod 86 abuts against the inclined surface of the slot 85, driving the card member 84 to move in a direction away from the mounting seat 9, thereby separating the card member 84 from the mounting seat 9, canceling the damping state, and the support frame 74 and the transmission wheel 75 can be rotated to adjust the angle at will to change the output torque.

[0047] In this embodiment, the intake device 6 is provided with intake holes and exhaust holes that cooperate with the cylinder block 3. Control valves 61 are arranged in both the intake holes and the exhaust holes. A drive rod 62 that cooperates with the control valve 61 is rotatably arranged on the intake device 6. The drive rod 62 is power-connected to the crankshaft 5. A plurality of cams are arranged on the drive rod 62, and the cams abut against the control valve 61 to control its opening and closing.

[0048] More specifically, in this embodiment, an air vent 63 communicating with the cylinder block 3 is formed on the intake device 6. A movable plate 64 is movably inserted into the intake device 6. A sealing portion 65 that cooperates with the air vent 63 is fixedly arranged on the movable plate 64. By providing the air vent 63, when the air vent 63 is opened, the resistance during the movement of the piston 4 is reduced, making the rotation of the drive rod 62 and the crankshaft 5 smoother and reducing the burden on the operator.

[0049] In this embodiment, a limiting portion 641 that cooperates with the movable plate 64 is fixedly arranged in the movable groove. A tension spring 642 is arranged between the limiting portion 641 and the movable plate 64. A guide rod 643 that is movably inserted into the movable plate 64 is also arranged in the movable groove. By providing the tension spring 642 to generate an upward pulling force, the movable plate 64 and the sealing portion 65 are pulled upward to open the air vent 63. The pulling force of the tension spring 642 is greater than the gravity received by the movable plate 64 and the sealing portion 65.

[0050] In this embodiment, a connecting ring 66 is fixedly arranged on the driving rod 62. The connecting ring 66 is connected with a slip ring 67 through a plurality of two-link mechanisms. A return spring is arranged between the slip ring 67 and the connecting ring 66. The two-link mechanism includes two connecting rods. The two connecting rods are respectively rotationally connected with the connecting ring 66 and the slip ring 67, and the two connecting rods are rotationally connected. A counterweight structure is arranged at the connection part. The slip ring 67 is slidably connected with the driving rod 62. A driving column 68 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the movable plate 64. A frustum matching with the driving column 68 is rotationally arranged on the slip ring 67. When the rotation speed of the driving rod 62 is relatively fast, that is, the movement frequency of the piston 4 is high, the centrifugal force of the counterweight structure increases, and the force applied to the two connecting rods is greater than the elastic force of the return spring, so that the internal included angle of the two-link mechanism decreases, pulling the slip ring 67 to move, resulting in a change in the contact surface between the frustum and the driving column 68. The driving column 68 and the movable plate 64 are pulled up by the tension spring 642, and the sealing part 65 is separated from the air vent 63. The air vent 63 is communicated with the outside, and the resistance when the piston 4 moves is reduced, reducing the burden on the operator. When the rotation speed decreases, the return spring applies a force to the slip ring 67, driving the slip ring 67 and the frustum to move. The frustum applies a force to the driving column 68, causing the driving column 68 and the movable plate 64 to move downward. The sealing part 65 is inserted into the air vent 63 to form a sealing structure. In some embodiments, a limiting block matching with the movable plate 64 is arranged on the air intake device 6. When the slip ring 67 and the frustum are under the action of the return spring, a downward force is applied to the driving column 68. This force and the total gravity received by the movable plate 64 and the sealing part 65 are greater than the pulling force of the tension spring 642. At this time, the movable plate 64 is driven to move downward.

[0051] In some embodiments, an annular groove is formed in the mounting seat 9. A plurality of clamping blocks 91 are arranged at intervals in the annular groove. A plurality of positioning blocks are fixedly arranged on the clamping member 84. The positioning blocks and the clamping blocks 91 are alternately inserted. The angle of the support frame 74 is fixed by the alternate insertion of the positioning blocks and the clamping blocks 91, preventing its position from changing during use, which may cause a change in the output torque. Chamfers are arranged on both sides of the clamping blocks 91 and the positioning blocks to facilitate mutual insertion.

[0052] Working mode; during work, the hand wheel 71 is manually rotated to drive the transmission rod 72 to move, and the direction of power output is changed through the gear assembly 73. The transmission wheel 75 is driven to rotate through the gear assembly 73. The transmission member 78 and the worm 79 are driven to rotate through the transmission wheel 75. The rotation of the worm 79 drives the worm gear and the crankshaft 5 to rotate, and then the piston 4 is driven to move through the crankshaft 5.

[0053] When adjusting the rotational speed of the crankshaft 5 by changing the output torque, applying a force to the pressing cap drives the insertion rod 86 to move. The insertion rod 86 abuts against the inclined surface of the slot 85, driving the clamping member 84 to move away from the mounting base 9, thereby separating the clamping member 84 from the mounting base 9. Applying a force to the gear lever 81 drives it to rotate around the mounting base 9, changing the position and angle of the transmission wheel 75. The contact position between the transmission wheel 75 and the transmission member 78 changes, and the transmission ratio also changes accordingly, thereby changing the torque and rotational speed of the crankshaft 5.

[0054] As described above, the above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A car engine model, comprising a model body (1), characterized in that: The model body (1) is provided with an installation cavity (2), a plurality of cylinder bodies (3) are provided in the installation cavity (2), a piston (4) is provided in each of the cylinder bodies (3), a crankshaft (5) is rotatably provided in the installation cavity (2), the crankshaft (5) is connected to the plurality of pistons (4), both ends of the crankshaft (5) pass through the model body (1), an air intake device (6) is provided on the model body (1), one end of the crankshaft (5) is dynamically connected to the air intake device (6), a driving mechanism (7) dynamically connected to the other end of the crankshaft (5) is provided on one side of the model body (1), a shell fixedly connected to the model body (1) is provided on the driving mechanism (7), a shifting mechanism (8) is provided in the shell.

2. The automobile engine model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (7) comprises a hand wheel (71), a transmission rod (72) is fixedly arranged on the hand wheel (71), the transmission rod (72) passes through the housing and is rotationally connected to the model body (1), and a gear assembly (73) is arranged in the housing and is dynamically connected to the transmission rod (72); A support frame (74) matched with the gear assembly (73) is rotatably provided on the transmission rod (72), a transmission wheel (75) connected to the gear assembly (73) by power is rotatably provided on the support frame (74), a mounting frame (76) is provided on the model body (1), and a linkage rod connected to the crankshaft (5) and the transmission wheel (75) by power is provided on the mounting frame (76).

3. The automobile engine model according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spring telescopic rod (77) is fixedly arranged on the linkage rod, an output rod of the spring telescopic rod (77) is fixedly connected to a transmission member (78), and the transmission member (78) has a contact surface that matches the transmission wheel (75).

4. The automobile engine model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spring telescopic rod (77) comprises a cylinder (771), an elastic member (772) and an output rod (773); the outer wall of the output rod (773) is provided with a synchronous protrusion; the inner wall of the cylinder (771) is provided with a synchronous groove corresponding to the synchronous protrusion; a worm (79) is sleeved on the linkage rod; and a worm wheel meshingly connected to the worm (79) is keyed on the crankshaft (5).

5. The automobile engine model according to claim 2, characterized in that: A mounting seat (9) rotatably connected to the transmission rod (72) is fixedly arranged on the housing, and the shift mechanism (8) comprises a gear lever (81) fixedly arranged on the support frame (74), and a connecting portion (82) matched with the mounting seat (9) is fixedly arranged on the support frame (74), and a cavity is arranged in the connecting portion (82), and a first spring (83) is arranged in the cavity and a clamping member (84) is connected via the first spring (83), and the clamping member (84) abuts against the mounting seat (9).

6. The automobile engine model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamp (84) is provided with a slot (85) having an inclined surface, the gear lever (81) is movably plugged with an insertion rod (86) that matches the slot (85), a pressing cap is fixedly provided on the insertion rod (86), and a second spring (87) is provided between the insertion rod (86) and the gear lever (81).

7. The automobile engine model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake device (6) is provided with an air intake hole and an air exhaust hole which match the cylinder body (3), and a control valve (61) is provided in each of the air intake hole and the air exhaust hole. A driving rod (62) which matches the control valve (61) is rotatably provided on the air intake device (6), and the driving rod (62) is dynamically connected to the crankshaft (5).

8. The automobile engine model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air intake device (6) is provided with an air vent (63) connected to the cylinder body (3), and the air intake device (6) is provided with a movable groove, in which a movable plate (64) is movably inserted, and a sealing portion (65) matching the air vent (63) is fixedly provided on the movable plate (64).

9. The automobile engine model according to claim 8, characterized in that: A limiting portion (641) matched with the movable plate (64) is fixedly arranged in the movable groove, a tension spring (642) is arranged between the limiting portion (641) and the movable plate (64), and a guide rod (643) movably plugged with the movable plate (64) is also arranged in the movable groove.

10. The automobile engine model according to claim 9, characterized in that: A connecting ring (66) is fixedly provided on the driving rod (62), and the connecting ring (66) is connected to a slip ring (67) through a plurality of two-link mechanisms, and the slip ring (67) is slidably connected to the driving rod (62). A driving column (68) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the movable plate (64), and a frustum matching the driving column (68) is provided on the slip ring (67).

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