Single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna, which comprises a single-layer dielectric substrate, the single-layer dielectric substrate is used as a support of the antenna, a cavity junction is designed in a partial area of the back surface, a radiating antenna is arranged in a cavity and is coupled with a dielectric surface pattern high-frequency coupling patch and a dielectric surface pattern low-frequency coupling patch, the bandwidth of the antenna is increased, and the bandwidth of the antenna is increased; the antenna is designed into a single layer so as to simplify the structure and improve the environmental adaptability of the antenna; a pattern-attached high-frequency coupling patch is attached to the center of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate, and a gap is formed along the edge of the pattern-attached high-frequency coupling patch by a circle; and a low-frequency coupling patch is attached to the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate except the pattern high-frequency coupling patch and the gap. According to the invention, on the premise of maintaining miniaturization and structure simplification of the antenna, multi-band, high bandwidth and high reliability are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and particularly to a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of global satellite communication and positioning and navigation technologies, services such as positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) have been widely applied in daily life, military, aviation, navigation, and other fields. As the core component for receiving satellite signals, the performance of the antenna directly affects the overall performance of the communication system. Currently, the antennas used for satellite reception mainly include helical antennas, microstrip patch antennas, and parabolic antennas, etc. Among them, the microstrip patch antenna is widely used in devices that require miniaturized design, such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers, vehicle-mounted satellite communication devices, and handheld navigation devices, because of its compact structure, light weight, easy integration, and low manufacturing cost. However, in the application of positioning antennas, traditional stacked patch antennas have exposed obvious defects, mainly manifested in the following aspects: narrow bandwidth: Traditional stacked patch antennas usually have the characteristic of narrow bandwidth, with a limited frequency band coverage range, making it difficult to meet the satellite communication requirements for multi-band signal reception and transmission. The narrow bandwidth limits the compatibility of the antenna with multi-frequency and multi-mode satellite signals and is difficult to meet the requirements of wide-band signals in modern satellite communication. In addition, the bandwidth expansion of traditional patch antennas often relies on multi-layer structures or complex feeding designs, which not only increases the manufacturing cost and structural complexity of the antenna but also poses higher requirements for installation accuracy. To achieve high-gain and high-bandwidth performance, complex coupled feeding methods are usually adopted in existing designs. However, antennas with multi-layer structures are relatively bulky and are more likely to be damaged in harsh environments, reducing the reliability of the antenna. Especially in long-term outdoor applications, antennas with complex structures are more vulnerable to factors such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical shock. In addition, the complex multi-layer structure increases the processing difficulty and cost of the antenna, limiting the economy of large-scale applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna, which realizes multi-band, high bandwidth, and high reliability on the premise of maintaining the miniaturization and structural simplification of the antenna. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other advantages according to the present invention, a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna is provided, including:

[0004] A single-layer dielectric substrate, which serves as the support of the antenna. A cavity structure is designed in a partial area on the back surface. A radiation antenna is arranged in the cavity and forms a coupling with a flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch and a low-frequency coupling patch on the dielectric surface, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna. And it is designed as a single layer to simplify the structure and improve the environmental adaptability of the antenna;

[0005] At the center position of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate, a flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch is attached, and a slit is provided along the edge of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch;

[0006] On the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate, except for the positions of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch and the slit, a low-frequency coupling patch is attached;

[0007] Metal patches are respectively attached to multiple sides of the single-layer dielectric substrate, and a metal coupling patch is provided above each metal patch, which is convenient for flexible debugging and enables it to cover a larger frequency range, improving the receiving and transmitting performance of the antenna;

[0008] A metal ground is provided on one end surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate far from the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch, and the metal ground is connected to the low-frequency coupling patch through a metal through hole.

[0009] Preferably, the low-frequency coupling patch is connected to the metal coupling patch, and the frequency is changed through the metal patch.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of cavities are opened inward on one end surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate where the metal ground is located, and low-frequency radiation antennas are placed in the cavities.

[0011] Preferably, the cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity have the same structure, and the third cavity and the fourth cavity have the same structure. The structures of the first cavity and the second cavity are both T-shaped structures, and the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged adjacent to each other. A first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna and a second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna are respectively placed in the first cavity and the second cavity. The structures of the first cavity and the second cavity are both crescent-shaped, and the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged adjacent to each other; a first semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna and a second semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna are respectively placed in the first cavity and the second cavity. The first semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna, the second semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna and the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch form a coupling. The first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna, the second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna and the low-frequency coupling patch form a coupling. This structure miniaturizes the antenna and simplifies the structure, thereby achieving high gain, high bandwidth and high reliability, and is suitable for application scenarios that require high-performance antennas in satellite communication systems.

[0012] Preferably, two feeding points are respectively provided on the first semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna, the second semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna, the first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna and the second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna to realize circularly polarized waves with frequency division in high and low frequency bands, enhancing the polarization performance of the antenna.

[0013] The present invention provides a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna, which achieves high gain, high bandwidth, and high reliability while maintaining antenna miniaturization and structural simplification, and is applicable to application scenarios that require high-performance antennas in satellite communication systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 is a side view of a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 is a bottom view of a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 is a top view of a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Referring to Figure 1 , a single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna includes:

[0020] A PCB board 13, on the upper surface of which there is a plane; the PCB board 13 is a planar reflector.

[0021] A single-layer dielectric substrate 12, which is fixedly connected to the PCB board 13; by adopting the design of a single-layer dielectric substrate, the complexity of the multi-layer structure is avoided, the damage risk is reduced, the environmental adaptability and anti-damage ability of the antenna are improved, and it is particularly suitable for applications in outdoor or harsh environments. The single-layer dielectric substrate 12 and the PCB board 13 are welded and connected through an integrated cylindrical feeding structure. The size of the single-layer dielectric substrate (12) is 55 mm in length and width and 13 mm in height.

[0022] Furthermore, the single-layer dielectric substrate 12 is selected from high-performance and low-loss dielectric engineering plastics to ensure signal transmission efficiency and antenna performance.

[0023] Further, a flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01 is attached to the center position of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 12, and a slit 11 is provided along the edge of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01; a low-frequency coupling patch 02 is attached to the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 12 except for the positions of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01 and the slit 11; the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01 and the low-frequency coupling patch 02 are isolated from each other by the slit 11, thereby reducing the mutual interference between high and low frequencies.

[0024] Metal patches 16 are respectively attached to multiple sides of the single-layer dielectric substrate 12, and a metal coupling patch 15 is provided above each metal patch 16; the low-frequency coupling patch 02 is connected to the metal coupling patch 15, forms a coupling with the metal coupling patches (16) attached around, and changes the frequency through the metal patch 16. The dielectric size can be reduced, and flexible frequency tuning can be obtained.

[0025] A metal ground 32 is provided on one end face of the single-layer dielectric substrate 12 away from the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01, and the metal ground 32 is connected to the low-frequency coupling patch 02 through a metal via hole. The metal via holes include a first metal via hole 03, a second metal via hole 04, a third metal via hole 05, a fourth metal via hole 06, a fifth metal via hole 07, a sixth metal via hole 08, a seventh metal via hole 09, and an eighth metal via hole 10.

[0026] Further, a plurality of cavities are formed inside one end face of the single-layer dielectric substrate 12 where the metal ground 32 is located, and low-frequency radiation antennas are placed in the cavities.

[0027] Further, the cavities include a first cavity 26, a second cavity 27, a third cavity 30, and a fourth cavity 31, wherein the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27 have the same structure, and the third cavity 30 and the fourth cavity 31 have the same structure.

[0028] Further, the structures of the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27 are both T-shaped structures, and the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27 are arranged adjacent to each other. A first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 24 and a second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 25 are respectively placed in the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27. It helps to work effectively at a lower frequency and provides good polarization performance. The first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 24 and the second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 25 respectively have independent feeding points to optimize signal transmission.

[0029] Furthermore, the structures of the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27 are both crescent-shaped, and the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27 are arranged adjacent to each other; a first semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 28 and a second semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 29 are respectively placed in the first cavity 26 and the second cavity 27. The signal concentration is enhanced through the curve shape. The first semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 28 and the second semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 29 respectively have independent feeding points to optimize signal transmission.

[0030] Furthermore, the first semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 28, the second semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 29 and the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch 01 form a coupling. The relative bandwidth of the high frequency is broadened by 30%, ensuring wide frequency coverage.

[0031] Furthermore, the first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 24, the second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 25 and the low-frequency coupling patch 02 form a coupling. The relative bandwidth of the antenna is broadened by 40%, improving the signal receiving and transmitting performance.

[0032] Furthermore, a cylindrical feeding structure integrated with the single-layer dielectric substrate 12. The cylindrical feeding structure includes a first feeding cylinder 20, a second feeding cylinder 21, a third feeding cylinder 22 and a fourth feeding cylinder 23. The first feeding cylinder 20 inputs the signal for the first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 24; the second feeding cylinder 21 inputs the signal for the second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna 25; the third feeding cylinder 22 inputs the signal for the second semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 29; the fourth feeding cylinder 23 inputs the signal for the first semi-circular high-frequency radiation antenna 28. The designed height of the feeding structure is a 2.0-mm cylindrical structure, and a metal layer is formed by electroplating, which is convenient for welding with the PCB 13.

[0033] In summary, the patch coupling method effectively broadens the bandwidth of the antenna. High bandwidth performance: By using the patch coupling method and the design of the coupling patch structure, a relative bandwidth of more than 30% - 40% is achieved, enabling the antenna to operate in a larger frequency range, improving the compatibility with multi-frequency and multi-mode satellite signals, and realizing the integration of receiving and transmitting. High reliability: The single-layer dielectric substrate design is adopted, avoiding the complexity of the multi-layer structure, reducing the risk of damage, and improving the environmental adaptability and anti-damage ability of the antenna, which is particularly suitable for applications outdoors or in harsh environments. Compared with the traditional multi-layer wide-beam antenna, the present invention achieves high bandwidth through a single-layer structure, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, reduces the production cost, and is suitable for large-scale applications.

[0034] The number of devices and the processing scale described herein are used to simplify the description of the present invention, and applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily achieved. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to specific details and the illustrated examples described herein.

Claims

1. A single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna, characterized in that: include: A single-layer dielectric substrate (12); A flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch (01) is attached to the center of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate (12), and a gap (11) is provided around the edge of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch (01); A low-frequency coupling patch (02) is attached to the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate (12) at the position of the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch (01) and the gap (11); Metal patches (16) are respectively attached to multiple side surfaces of the single-layer dielectric substrate (12), and a metal coupling patch (15) is arranged above each metal patch (16); A metal ground (32) is provided on an end surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate (12) that is away from the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch (01), and the metal ground (32) is connected to the low-frequency coupling patch (02) via a metal through hole.

2. A single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency coupling patch (02) is connected to the metal coupling patch (15), and the frequency is changed through the metal patch (16).

3. The single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-layer dielectric substrate (12) is provided with a plurality of cavities facing inward at one end thereof located on the metal ground (32), and a low-frequency radiation antenna is placed in the cavity.

4. A single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The cavity comprises a first cavity (26), a second cavity (27), a third cavity (30) and a fourth cavity (31), wherein the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27) have the same structure, and the third cavity (30) and the fourth cavity (31) have the same structure.

5. A single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The structures of the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27) are both T-shaped structures, and the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27) are arranged adjacent to each other. A first T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna (24) and a second T-shaped low-frequency radiation antenna (25) are respectively placed in the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27).

6. A single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The structures of the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27) are both crescent-shaped, and the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27) are arranged adjacent to each other; a first semicircular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna (28) and a second semicircular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna (29) are respectively placed in the first cavity (26) and the second cavity (27).

7. The single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first semicircular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna (28), the second semicircular arc-shaped high-frequency radiation antenna (29) and the flower-shaped high-frequency coupling patch (01) form a coupling.

8. The single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first T-shaped low-frequency radiating antenna (24), the second T-shaped low-frequency radiating antenna (25) and the low-frequency coupling patch (02) form a coupling.

9. The single-layer coplanar multi-band positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical feeding structure integrated with a single-layer dielectric substrate (12), the cylindrical feeding structure comprising a first feeding cylinder (20), a second feeding cylinder (21), a third feeding cylinder (22) and a fourth feeding cylinder (23); The first feeding cylinder (20) is a signal input for a first T-shaped low-frequency radiating antenna (24); the second feeding cylinder (21) is a signal input for a second T-shaped low-frequency radiating antenna (25); the third feeding cylinder (22) is a signal input for a second semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiating antenna (29); and the fourth feeding cylinder (23) is a signal input for a first semi-circular arc-shaped high-frequency radiating antenna (28).

Images