Method and system for testing solar photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic module test method and system, and relates to the photovoltaic technical field, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the external defect inspection of a photovoltaic module according to an appearance inspection standard, and recording a first detection result; performing internal defect inspection on the photovoltaic module by using the EL tester, and recording a second detection result; a power tester is calibrated, the calibrated power tester is used to carry out an electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module, and a third detection result is recorded; and determining a corresponding processing strategy according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result in combination with a preset boundary condition. According to the invention, the quality defect of the photovoltaic module can be rapidly and accurately detected, a corresponding processing strategy is generated according to a test result, reliable operation of a power station is guaranteed, and unnecessary loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more particularly to a test method and system for solar photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] For developing countries in the process of industrialization, clean energy is a key issue to be solved in the energy field. Photovoltaic modules are products that use solar energy to generate electricity, which can replace traditional power generation technologies, reduce energy consumption, improve the environment, and promote the development of new energy. In recent years, the photovoltaic industry in China has developed well. With the continuous increase in newly installed photovoltaic capacity, the output of photovoltaic modules has also been increasing.

[0003] The quality of photovoltaic modules has a crucial impact on power generation efficiency and lifespan. However, many market specifications in the current photovoltaic industry are not perfect, and the quality of modules varies widely. To ensure the quality and performance of photovoltaic modules, it is necessary to detect and maintain the components of photovoltaic power stations so that the power generation of photovoltaic power stations can operate normally. There are many common defects in photovoltaic modules, including: material defects such as hidden cracks, broken grid lines, black heart chips, and black spot chips; cell defects such as fragments and hidden cracks; cell or module preparation process defects such as broken grid chips, dark chips, and black chips; failure defects during module use such as diode breakdown defects and PID defects. However, some quality problems are hidden inside the battery panels or occur after the photovoltaic power station has been operating for some time, so they are not easily identified during the acceptance inspection of the battery panels when they are delivered; moreover, defects always exist, and as long as they do not affect use to a certain extent, they are acceptable. However, the prior art does not distinguish these defects, resulting in some unnecessary losses.

[0004] Therefore, how to quickly and accurately detect the quality defects of photovoltaic modules, ensure the reliable operation of power stations, and reduce unnecessary losses is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a test method and system for solar photovoltaic modules, which solves the problems existing in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A test method for solar photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Inspect the external defects of the photovoltaic module according to the appearance inspection standard, and record the first test result;

[0009] Use an EL tester to inspect the internal defects of the photovoltaic module, and record the second test result;

[0010] Calibrate the power tester, and use the calibrated power tester to perform electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic modules, and record the third test results;

[0011] Combined with the preset boundary conditions, determine the corresponding processing strategies according to the first test results, the second test results, and the third test results.

[0012] Optionally, perform external defect inspection on the photovoltaic modules, specifically:

[0013] Use an image acquisition and analysis instrument to inspect the outer surface of the photovoltaic modules, and take the number, location, and size of the defects on the outer surface of the photovoltaic modules as the first test results.

[0014] Optionally, the EL tester includes a handheld gimbal, an EL camera, and a solar panel, and the solar panel powers the EL tester;

[0015] The handheld gimbal includes: a gimbal assembly for mounting the EL camera and a handheld mechanism for supporting the gimbal assembly. The gimbal assembly includes a plurality of rotating shaft mechanisms, and each rotating shaft mechanism includes a first rotating shaft portion, a connecting arm, and a second rotating shaft portion; one end of the first rotating shaft portion is rotatably connected to the handheld mechanism, and the other end of the first rotating shaft portion is connected to the second rotating shaft portion through the connecting arm.

[0016] Optionally, perform internal defect inspection on the photovoltaic modules, specifically including the following steps:

[0017] Obtain a number of EL images of the photovoltaic modules and perform preprocessing to construct a training data set;

[0018] Build an internal defect detection model based on the YOLOv network, and train the internal defect detection model through the training data set until the loss function converges to obtain a trained internal defect detection model;

[0019] Use the trained internal defect detection model to perform defect detection on the images of the photovoltaic modules taken by the EL tester to obtain the defect types and defect degrees as the second test results.

[0020] Optionally, calibrate the power tester, specifically including the following steps:

[0021] Perform stabilization processing on the photovoltaic modules that meet the preset parameters, and perform calibration tests on the stabilized photovoltaic modules through a reference cell, and take the obtained nominal value as the calibration reference value;

[0022] Calibrate the power tester with the calibration reference value to obtain a calibrated power tester.

[0023] Optionally, perform electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic modules, specifically including the following steps:

[0024] After conducting the initial stability experiment on the photovoltaic module, perform an electrical performance test to obtain the first performance result;

[0025] Conduct the first load salt spray test, apply static load, apply dynamic load, and the second load salt spray test on the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module after the test;

[0026] Perform an electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module after the test to obtain the second performance result;

[0027] Based on the first performance result and the second performance result, determine whether the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module meets the requirements.

[0028] Optionally, a test fixture is provided between the photovoltaic module and the power tester;

[0029] The test fixture includes: a fixture main body, a connecting component disposed on the fixture main body, a buffer structure disposed on one side of the connecting component, and an auxiliary structure disposed on the side of the fixture main body away from the photovoltaic module;

[0030] The photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the power tester through the connecting component.

[0031] Optionally, determine the corresponding processing strategy, specifically:

[0032] When the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result do not exceed the preset defect degree, do not dispose;

[0033] When there is a situation where the first detection result / the second detection result / the third detection result exceeds the preset defect degree, immediately send an alarm message to the staff and stop using.

[0034] A test system for a solar photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0035] An external detection module for performing external defect inspection on the photovoltaic module according to the appearance inspection standard and recording the first detection result;

[0036] An internal detection module for performing internal defect inspection on the photovoltaic module by using an EL tester and recording the second detection result;

[0037] A performance detection module for calibrating the power tester and performing electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module by using the calibrated power tester and recording the third detection result;

[0038] A processing module for determining the corresponding processing strategy according to the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result by combining the preset boundary conditions.

[0039] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and system for testing a solar photovoltaic module, which can test the external defects, internal defects, and electrical performance of the photovoltaic module, quickly and accurately detect the quality defects of the photovoltaic module, and ensure the reliable operation of the power station; in addition, it can also evaluate the threat level of the quality problem according to the detection result, determine whether treatment is needed, has higher practicability, and reduces unnecessary losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for testing a solar photovoltaic module provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for testing a solar photovoltaic module, as Figure 1 shown, including the following steps:

[0044] Check the external defects of the photovoltaic module according to the appearance inspection standard, and record the first test result;

[0045] Use an EL tester to check the internal defects of the photovoltaic module, and record the second test result;

[0046] Calibrate the power tester, and use the calibrated power tester to test the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module, and record the third test result;

[0047] Combined with the preset boundary conditions, determine the corresponding treatment strategy according to the first test result, the second test result, and the third test result.

[0048] Further, the inspection of the external defects of the photovoltaic module is specifically:

[0049] The outer surface of the photovoltaic module is inspected by using an image acquisition analyzer, and the number, location and size of defects on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module are taken as the first inspection result.

[0050] Further, the EL tester includes a handheld gimbal, an EL camera, and a solar panel, and the solar panel is used to power the EL tester;

[0051] The handheld gimbal includes: a gimbal assembly for mounting an EL camera and a handheld mechanism for supporting the gimbal assembly, the gimbal assembly includes a plurality of rotating shaft mechanisms, each rotating shaft mechanism includes a first rotating shaft portion, a connecting arm and a second rotating shaft portion; one end of the first rotating shaft portion is rotatably connected to the handheld mechanism, and the other end of the first rotating shaft portion is connected to the second rotating shaft portion via the connecting arm.

[0052] With the rapid development of gimbal technology, it has been widely used in drones, handheld portable cameras and other equipment. However, in order to leave enough movement space for the yaw axis, pitch axis and roll axis, the existing gimbal is not portable enough. In the present application, the shaft part can be pivoted to the connecting arm through a pivot, so that the shaft part can rotate toward / away from the connecting arm around the pivot, and then the shaft part and the connecting arm can be overlapped / separated with each other, and the gimbal assembly can be switched between folding and unfolding, which is convenient to carry and improves the convenience of the handheld gimbal.

[0053] In addition, the handheld mechanism is provided with a battery compartment for storing batteries, including an outer shell and an upper cover, the outer shell including an upper opening, a lower opening and a accommodating cavity located between the upper opening and the lower opening; the upper cover covers the upper opening and has an installation groove on the upper cover that is detachably connected to the gimbal assembly.

[0054] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module is inspected for internal defects, specifically including the following steps:

[0055] Acquire several EL images of photovoltaic modules and perform preprocessing to construct a training data set;

[0056] An internal defect detection model is built based on the YOLOv network, and the internal defect detection model is trained using the training data set until the loss function converges to obtain a trained internal defect detection model.

[0057] The trained internal defect detection model is used to perform defect detection on the photovoltaic module image taken by the EL tester to obtain the defect type and defect degree as the second detection result.

[0058] Specifically, the acquired image set is classified and marked with defects and defect types, wherein defect types include cracks, splinters, material defects, and chipped corners, etc. The training set is constructed after data augmentation and preprocessing.

[0059] Due to the diverse defect types, different positions, and existence in the complex cell background of photovoltaic modules, it is not easy to distinguish them, and manual detection is time-consuming and laborious. EL testers are widely used in the defect detection of photovoltaic modules. The internal defect detection model is trained through the collected image set, and the trained model is used to automatically identify internal defects. This method can improve the detection accuracy and speed, providing a reference for the internal detection of photovoltaic modules.

[0060] Since the principles of each type of solar cell are different, the method of calibrating the tester through mature crystalline silicon standard cells in the prior art is not universal, and the calibration results will cause deviations in the performance test results. Therefore, this embodiment further proposes a technical solution for calibrating the power tester, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0061] Perform stabilization treatment on the photovoltaic module that meets the preset parameters, perform calibration tests on the stabilized photovoltaic module through a reference cell, and use the obtained nominal value as the calibration reference value; calibrate the power tester with the calibration reference value to obtain the calibrated power tester.

[0062] Specifically, the preset parameters include structural parameters (dimensions, material properties, manufacturing processes), electrical performance parameters (voltage, current), and composition parameters, etc. Use a tester with a solar simulator to test the I-V characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module, and obtain the electrical performance parameters of the photovoltaic module according to the I-V characteristic curve to further judge the stability of the photovoltaic module. The power tester calibrated by this application using the calibration reference value can accurately perform electrical performance tests on photovoltaic modules, improve the accuracy of test results, and thus ensure the quality of photovoltaic modules.

[0063] Furthermore, perform electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic module, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Perform electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic module after an initial stability experiment to obtain the first performance result;

[0065] Perform the first load salt spray test, apply static load, apply dynamic load, and the second load salt spray test on the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module after the test;

[0066] Perform electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic module after the test to obtain the second performance result;

[0067] Based on the first performance result and the second performance result, determine whether the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module meets the requirements.

[0068] Due to the continuous potential-induced degradation effect of the system voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system on the photovoltaic modules, which leads to the decline of the electrical performance of the photovoltaic modules, it is of great significance to conduct electrical performance tests. However, the existing test methods cannot test the photovoltaic modules that have been in operation for a period of time and have withstood load effects, and the accuracy is not high. In this application, load salt spray tests are carried out before and after applying static loads and dynamic loads, which can make the test results closer to the actual situation, eliminate interference, and improve the accuracy of the test results.

[0069] In addition, when conducting electrical performance tests, the photovoltaic modules need to be electrically connected to the power tester through a test tooling. However, the existing test tooling is prone to deformation, which affects the test results. For this reason, this embodiment proposes a test tooling, including: a tooling main body, a connecting component arranged on the tooling main body, a buffer structure arranged on one side of the connecting component, and an auxiliary structure arranged on the side of the tooling main body away from the photovoltaic modules; the photovoltaic modules and the power tester are electrically connected through the connecting component.

[0070] Based on the above design, the buffer structure can support the connecting component, play a buffering role, and prevent the tooling from deforming; the auxiliary structure can provide auxiliary buffering for the tooling main body, further prevent the tooling from deforming, ensure full contact between the power tester and the connecting component, increase the contact area, ensure the stable progress of the electrical performance test, and avoid the influence of tooling deformation on the test results.

[0071] In the above solution, this application can realize external defect inspection, internal defect inspection, electrical performance test, etc. of photovoltaic modules, quickly and accurately detect the quality problems of photovoltaic modules, and timely handling can avoid greater threats during subsequent use and ensure the normal operation of the power station. However, we should know that defects always exist. As long as they do not affect the use, they can be accepted, and dealing with each problem will result in higher costs and longer handling times. Therefore, this application further provides a technical solution for determining the corresponding treatment strategy, specifically:

[0072] When the first test result, the second test result, and the third test result do not exceed the preset defect degree, no treatment is carried out;

[0073] When there is a situation where the first test result / the second test result / the third test result exceeds the preset defect degree, an alarm message is immediately sent to the staff and the use is stopped.

[0074] In other embodiments, weights can also be assigned to the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result. When the calculated evaluation value is within a preset range, no action is taken; otherwise, an alarm message is sent and the use is stopped. Through the above method, it is possible to determine which problems need to be addressed and which do not, providing a guiding solution for the refined processing of photovoltaic modules, which is beneficial to cost reduction and disposal time savings.

[0075] Corresponding to Figure 1 the method described above, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a test system for solar photovoltaic modules, which is used to Figure 1 For the specific implementation of the method in, a test system for solar photovoltaic modules provided by an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a computer terminal or various mobile devices, and specifically includes:

[0076] An external detection module, which is used to perform external defect inspection on the photovoltaic module according to the appearance inspection standard and record the first detection result;

[0077] An internal detection module, which performs internal defect inspection on the photovoltaic module by using an EL tester and records the second detection result;

[0078] A performance detection module, which is used to calibrate the power tester and perform electrical performance testing on the photovoltaic module by using the calibrated power tester, and record the third detection result;

[0079] A processing module, which determines the corresponding processing strategy according to the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result by combining preset boundary conditions.

[0080] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.

[0081] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Conduct external defect inspection on photovoltaic modules according to appearance inspection standards and record the first inspection results; Use an EL tester to inspect the internal defects of the photovoltaic module and record the second inspection results; Calibrate the power tester, and use the calibrated power tester to test the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module, and record the third test result; In combination with preset boundary conditions, a corresponding processing strategy is determined according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.

2. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Conduct external defect inspection on PV panels, specifically: The outer surface of the photovoltaic module is inspected by using an image acquisition analyzer, and the number, location and size of defects on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module are taken as the first inspection result.

3. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The EL tester includes a handheld gimbal, an EL camera, and a solar panel. The solar panel provides power for the EL tester. The handheld gimbal includes: a gimbal assembly for mounting an EL camera and a handheld mechanism for supporting the gimbal assembly, the gimbal assembly includes a plurality of rotating shaft mechanisms, each rotating shaft mechanism includes a first rotating shaft portion, a connecting arm and a second rotating shaft portion; one end of the first rotating shaft portion is rotatably connected to the handheld mechanism, and the other end of the first rotating shaft portion is connected to the second rotating shaft portion via the connecting arm.

4. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Internal defect inspection of photovoltaic modules includes the following steps: Acquire several EL images of photovoltaic modules and perform preprocessing to construct a training data set; An internal defect detection model is built based on the YOLOv network, and the internal defect detection model is trained using the training data set until the loss function converges to obtain a trained internal defect detection model. The trained internal defect detection model is used to perform defect detection on the photovoltaic module image taken by the EL tester to obtain the defect type and defect degree as the second detection result.

5. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calibrate the power tester, including the following steps: Stabilize the photovoltaic modules that meet the preset parameters, perform calibration tests on the stabilized photovoltaic modules using reference cells, and use the obtained nominal values ​​as calibration reference values; The power tester is calibrated by using the calibration reference value to obtain a calibrated power tester.

6. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical performance test of photovoltaic modules includes the following steps: Conducting an electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module after an initial stability test to obtain a first performance result; Performing a first load salt spray test, applying a static load, applying a dynamic load, and a second load salt spray test on the photovoltaic module to obtain a photovoltaic module after the test; Conducting an electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module after the test to obtain a second performance result; Based on the first performance result and the second performance result, it is determined whether the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module meets the requirements.

7. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A test fixture is provided between the photovoltaic module and the power tester; The test tool comprises: a tool body, a connecting component arranged on the tool body, a buffer structure arranged on one side of the connecting component, and an auxiliary structure arranged on a side of the tool body away from the photovoltaic module; The photovoltaic module and the power tester are electrically connected via a connecting component.

8. A method for testing a solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the appropriate handling strategy, specifically: When the first test result, the second test result, and the third test result do not exceed the preset defect level, no treatment is taken; When the first test result / the second test result / the third test result has a defect that exceeds the preset degree, an alarm message is immediately sent to the staff and the device is stopped from use.

9. A solar photovoltaic module testing system, characterized in that: include: An external inspection module, used to perform external defect inspection on the photovoltaic module according to the appearance inspection standard and record a first inspection result; An internal inspection module, which performs internal defect inspection on the photovoltaic module by using an EL tester and records a second inspection result; The performance detection module is used to calibrate the power tester, and use the calibrated power tester to perform an electrical performance test on the photovoltaic module, and record a third detection result; The processing module determines a corresponding processing strategy according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result by combining preset boundary conditions.

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