Quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of quantum network communication.The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method comprises the steps that a first quantum entanglement state is obtained, a first quantum bit is transmitted to a second sender, and a third quantum bit is received; determining a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information, then determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third quantum bit, transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmitting the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server carries out network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key. According to the method, the congestion problem of transmission of the quantum state in the bottleneck channel and the bottleneck node can be solved, and the communication efficiency and the network throughput of the quantum network are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of quantum network communication, and in particular, to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Quantum homomorphic encryption allows local clients without sufficient computing power to entrust encrypted private quantum information to a cloud server with powerful computing power, and complex computational operations on ciphertexts can homomorphically reflect on the decrypted plaintexts. Existing quantum homomorphic encryption schemes only consider that a single client satisfies the homomorphic property during the quantum evaluation process, without considering the situation when multiple clients perform quantum homomorphic evaluations simultaneously.

[0003] When multiple clients perform homomorphic evaluations on the quantum network simultaneously, the existence of bottleneck channels will cause congestion in quantum state transmission, affecting the evaluation speed and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium to solve the defect that quantum states are congested during transmission through bottleneck channels and bottleneck nodes in the prior art, and to improve the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network.

[0005] The present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method applied to a first sender, including the following steps: Obtain a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, the first qubit and the second qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit; Transmit the first qubit to a second sender, and receive a third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to a first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit. The third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be transmitted; Determine a first measurement result based on the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent, then determine a second quantum state based on the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmit the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to a second recipient; Determine a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmit the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first recipient, so that the first recipient decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0006] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel, and the transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server includes: Transmit the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs the network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the second bottleneck server, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first recipient and the second recipient respectively.

[0007] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the determining a first measurement result based on the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent, then determining a second quantum state based on the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server includes: Determine a first measurement result based on the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent; Encrypt the third qubit according to the first measurement result to obtain a first quantum ciphertext; Transmit the first information in the first measurement result to the second sender, and receive the second information transmitted by the second sender. The first information is part or all of the information in the first measurement result, and the second information is part or all of the information in the second measurement result, so that the second sender determines a second auxiliary ciphertext according to the first information; Encrypt a preset first auxiliary qubit according to the second information to obtain a first auxiliary ciphertext. The first quantum ciphertext and the first auxiliary ciphertext form the second quantum state. The preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation; Transmit the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server performs the preset evaluation operation on the first quantum ciphertext in the second quantum state to obtain a first post-evaluation ciphertext, and performs a quantum measurement on the first auxiliary ciphertext to obtain a first auxiliary measurement result. The first post-evaluation ciphertext and the first auxiliary measurement result form the first operation result, and transmit the first operation result to the second receiver.

[0008] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. Determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server includes: Determine the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit; Transmit the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel. The second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0009] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the preset evaluation operation is a cascade of one-eighth gates and Hadamard gates. Determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit includes: Determine the target key from the first measurement result and the target random number; Or, The preset evaluation operation is a cascade of one-eighth A gate, a Hadamard gate, and a phase gate, where the target random numbers include a first random number and a second random number. Determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random numbers corresponding to the preset first auxiliary quantum bits includes: Performing an exclusive OR operation on the first random number and the second random number to obtain a random number result; Determining the first measurement result and the random number result as the target key.

[0010] The present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method applied to a first receiving party, including the following steps: Receiving a second operation result transmitted by a second evaluation server. The second operation result is obtained when a second sender transmits a first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines it according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation. The first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to a second measurement result and a first quantum bit. The first quantum bit is a quantum bit in a first quantum entanglement state obtained by a first sender and transmitted to the second sender. The second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be transmitted. The fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; Receiving a target key transmitted by a bottleneck channel server. The target key is determined by the first sender according to a first measurement result to obtain a first initial key, and the first initial key is transmitted to the bottleneck channel server. The bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel; Decrypting the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is the result of performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0011] According to the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. Receiving the target key transmitted by the bottleneck channel server includes: Receiving the target key transmitted by the second bottleneck server, where the target key is obtained by the first sender transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key, and then transmitting the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmitting the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0012] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the second operation result includes a second evaluated ciphertext and a second auxiliary measurement result. The second evaluated ciphertext is obtained by the second evaluation server performing a preset evaluation operation on the second quantum ciphertext, and the second auxiliary measurement result is obtained by the second evaluation server measuring the first auxiliary ciphertext. The second quantum ciphertext is encrypted by the second sender for the first qubit according to the second measurement result. The first qubit is a qubit in the first entangled quantum state obtained by the first sender, and the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted. The fourth qubit is a qubit in the second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender. The first auxiliary ciphertext is encrypted for the preset first auxiliary qubit according to the second information, where the second information is part or all of the information in the second measurement result, and the preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation. Decrypting the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, including: Decrypting the second evaluated ciphertext according to the second auxiliary measurement result and the target key to obtain the first plaintext result.

[0013] The present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method applied to a bottleneck channel server, including the following steps: Receiving the first initial key transmitted by the first sender, where the first initial key is determined according to the first measurement result, and the first measurement result is determined by the first sender according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be transmitted, and the second qubit is a qubit in the first quantum entangled state obtained by the first sender; Receiving the second initial key transmitted by the second sender, where the second initial key is determined according to the second measurement result, and the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted, and the fourth qubit is a qubit in the second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender; Performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key; Transmit the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first recipient and the second recipient, so that the first recipient decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain the first plaintext result, and the second recipient decrypts the first operation result according to the target key to obtain the second plaintext result. The first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted, and the second plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0014] According to a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention, the network encoding of the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key includes: Perform an exclusive OR operation on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

[0015] The present invention also provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, which is applied to the first sender and includes the following modules: An entangled state acquisition module, configured to acquire a first quantum entangled state, where the first quantum entangled state includes a first quantum bit and a second quantum bit, the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit have an entangled relationship, and both the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit include at least one quantum bit; A quantum exchange module, configured to transmit the first quantum bit to the second sender and receive the third quantum bit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits the first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines the second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to the first recipient. The first quantum state is determined according to the second measurement result and the first quantum bit. The third quantum bit is a quantum bit in the second quantum entangled state acquired by the second sender. The second quantum entangled state further includes a fourth quantum bit. The third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit have an entangled relationship, and both the third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit include at least one quantum bit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth quantum bit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted; A quantum measurement module, configured to determine a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determine a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third quantum bit, and transmit the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines the first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to the second recipient; A key determination module, configured to determine a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmit the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmit the target key to the first receiver through the bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0016] The present invention further provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, applied to a first receiver, including the following modules: A result receiving module, configured to receive a second operation result transmitted by a second evaluation server, where the second operation result is determined by a second sender transmitting a first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, the first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to a second measurement result and a first qubit, the first qubit is a qubit in a first quantum entanglement state obtained by a first sender and transmitted to the second sender, the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be sent, and the fourth qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; A key receiving module, configured to receive a target key transmitted by a bottleneck channel server, where the target key is obtained by the first sender determining a first initial key according to a first measurement result, transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server performing network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender, and the network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel; A ciphertext decryption module, configured to decrypt the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent.

[0017] The present invention further provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, applied to a bottleneck channel server, including the following modules: A first key module, configured to receive a first initial key transmitted by a first sender, where the first initial key is determined according to a first measurement result, and the first measurement result is determined by the first sender according to a second qubit and first plaintext information to be sent, and the second qubit is a qubit in a first quantum entanglement state obtained by the first sender; A second key module, configured to receive a second initial key transmitted by a second sender, where the second initial key is determined according to a second measurement result, and the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be transmitted, and the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; A key encoding module, configured to perform network encoding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key; A key transmission module, configured to transmit the target key to a first receiver and a second receiver through a bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts a second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, and the second receiver decrypts a first operation result according to the target key to obtain a second plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted, and the second plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0018] The present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, where when the processor executes the computer program, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0019] The present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0020] The present invention further provides a computer program product, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0021] The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, device, electronic device, and storage medium provided by the present invention can solve the congestion problem of quantum state transmission in a bottleneck channel and a bottleneck node by encoding an initial key, and improve the communication efficiency and network throughput of a quantum network. Description of the Drawings

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1It is one of the schematic flowcharts of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is the second of the schematic flowcharts of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is the third of the schematic flowcharts of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is the overall schematic flowchart of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method based on cascaded TH gates provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is the quantum circuit diagram based on cascaded TH gates provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method based on cascaded THP gates provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is the quantum circuit diagram based on cascaded THP gates provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 It is one of the schematic structural diagrams of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 It is the second of the schematic structural diagrams of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 It is the third of the schematic structural diagrams of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 12 It is the schematic physical structure diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Quantum homomorphic encryption allows local clients with insufficient computing power to entrust encrypted private quantum information to a cloud server with powerful computing power. Complex computational operations on the ciphertext can be homomorphically reflected on the decrypted plaintext. Existing quantum homomorphic encryption schemes only consider that a single client satisfies the homomorphic property during the quantum evaluation process, without considering the situation when multiple clients perform quantum homomorphic evaluation simultaneously. When multiple clients perform homomorphic evaluation on the quantum network simultaneously, the existence of bottleneck channels will lead to congestion in the transmission of quantum states, affecting the evaluation speed and efficiency. Therefore, based on single-client homomorphic encryption, how to expand the communication link to a one-to-many or many-to-many mesh structure to solve the congestion problem during homomorphic evaluation in bottleneck channels is an issue that must be considered for the practical networking of quantum homomorphic encryption.

[0037] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method. By obtaining a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, transmitting the first qubit to a second sender, and receiving a third qubit transmitted by the second sender, determining a first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmitting the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmitting the target key through the bottleneck channel to a first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result. This method can solve the congestion problem of quantum state transmission in bottleneck channels and bottleneck nodes, and improve the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network.

[0038] The local client encrypts the private quantum information and sends it to the cloud evaluation server to perform a certain evaluation operation. The local client receives the evaluated data and decrypts it to obtain the result of the evaluation operation directly acting on the plaintext quantum information, which is called "homomorphic encryption". "Homomorphic encryption" means that the encryption and decryption operations and the evaluation operation satisfy the homomorphic property.

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1FIG. 0 is one of the schematic flowcharts of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method can be applied to the first sender or the second sender, and the first sender or the second sender can be an electronic device, which can be various types of devices with information processing capabilities during implementation. For example, the electronic device can include a personal computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, or a server, etc.; the electronic device can also be a mobile terminal, for example, the mobile terminal can include a mobile phone, an in-vehicle computer, a tablet computer, or a projector, etc. As Figure 1 shown, the method can include the following steps 101 to 104: Step 101: Obtain a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, the first qubit and the second qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit.

[0041] It should be noted that the first quantum entanglement state generated by the first sender can be a pair of maximum quantum entanglement states or not, and the present invention does not limit the type of the first quantum entanglement state. The first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit. Correspondingly, the second sender can also generate a pair of maximum quantum states, which is the second quantum entanglement state, and the second quantum entanglement state includes a third qubit and a fourth qubit.

[0042] Step 102: Transmit the first qubit to the second sender and receive the third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits the first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to the first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to the second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is the qubit in the second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit. The third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0043] It should be noted that the first sender and the second sender can exchange one qubit in the entanglement state, that is, the first sender exchanges the first qubit with the third qubit of the second sender.

[0044] Step 103: Determine the first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent. Then, determine the second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmit the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines the first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to the second recipient.

[0045] It should be noted that the first sender determines the first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent. It can be that the first sender performs a joint Bell basis measurement on the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent to obtain the first measurement result. Then, determining the second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit can be encrypting the third qubit with the first measurement result to determine the second quantum state, and then transmitting the second quantum state to the first evaluation server. So that the first evaluation server determines the first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to the second recipient. Among them, the preset evaluation operation can be a quantum evaluation operation that executes a cascaded TH gate or a cascaded THP gate. Among them, the cascaded TH gate is a cascade of an octal gate and a Hadamard gate, and the cascaded THP gate is a cascade of an octal gate, a Hadamard gate, and a phase gate.

[0046] Correspondingly, the second sender can perform a joint Bell basis measurement on the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be sent to obtain the second measurement result. Then, determining the second quantum state according to the second measurement result and the first qubit can be encrypting the first qubit with the second measurement result to determine the first quantum state, and then transmitting the first quantum state to the second evaluation server. So that the second evaluation server determines the second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to the first recipient.

[0047] Step 104: Determine the first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmit the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first recipient, so that the first recipient decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain the first plaintext result. The first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0048] It should be noted that the first sender determines a first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmits the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server. Correspondingly, the second sender determines a second initial key according to the second measurement result and transmits the second initial key to the bottleneck channel server. So that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result.

[0049] Among them, the network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel. Exemplarily, the bottleneck channel server performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key may be that the bottleneck channel server performs an exclusive OR operation on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

[0050] Exemplarily, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention can be applied to a butterfly network, that is, two senders on the butterfly network can simultaneously encrypt their respective private quantum states, and after the evaluation server performs cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gate operations, and cross-transmits them to two receivers on the butterfly network, so that the receivers obtain the result of the evaluation operation directly acting on the corresponding private quantum state after decryption.

[0051] It can be understood that the traditional bottleneck channel server, i.e., the network node, can only perform storage and forwarding operations. In this application, the relay node, i.e., the bottleneck channel server, uses network coding technology to perform network coding on the received information to achieve the effect of improving the multicast network capacity, thereby alleviating the problem of quantum state transmission congestion caused by bottleneck channels and bottleneck nodes on the quantum network.

[0052] In some embodiments, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. The transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server may include: transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs the network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the second bottleneck server, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0053] It should be noted that by transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, i.e., the first bottleneck node, the first bottleneck server transmits the obtained target key after encoding to the second bottleneck server, i.e., the second bottleneck node, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first recipient and the second recipient respectively for decryption. The congestion problem of quantum states in the bottleneck channel and bottleneck node transmission is solved by quantum network coding, improving the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network.

[0054] It can be understood that using quantum network coding technology to process keys at the bottleneck nodes of the butterfly network makes the bottleneck channels in this network model no longer an obstacle to the cross-evaluation and transmission of quantum states, solves the bottleneck problem when both sending parties perform cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gate evaluations simultaneously, and improves the overall evaluation efficiency and throughput of the network.

[0055] In some embodiments, evaluation errors will occur when the evaluation server performs complex quantum operations including non-Clifford T gates. To eliminate this error, a unique evaluation method and corresponding quantum circuit diagram need to be designed.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, determining the first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent, then determining the second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to the first evaluation server may include: determining the first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent; encrypting the third qubit according to the first measurement result to obtain a first quantum ciphertext; transmitting the first information in the first measurement result to the second sender and receiving the second information transmitted by the second sender, where the first information is part or all of the information in the first measurement result, and the second information is part or all of the information in the second measurement result, so that the second sender determines a second auxiliary ciphertext according to the first information; encrypting a preset first auxiliary qubit according to the second information to obtain a first auxiliary ciphertext, and the first quantum ciphertext and the first auxiliary ciphertext form the second quantum state, and the preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation; transmitting the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server performs the preset evaluation operation on the first quantum ciphertext in the second quantum state to obtain a first post-evaluation ciphertext, performs quantum measurement on the first auxiliary ciphertext to obtain a first auxiliary measurement result, the first post-evaluation ciphertext and the first auxiliary measurement result form the first operation result, and transmits the first operation result to the second recipient.

[0057] It should be noted that, in view of the problem that the evaluation server generates evaluation errors when performing complex quantum operations including non-Clifford T gates, the present invention eliminates such errors by additionally adding auxiliary qubits and designing a unique evaluation method for the case where cascaded T gates are used as evaluation operators.

[0058] For the cases where cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gates are used as evaluation operators, the present invention designs a unique evaluation method and a corresponding quantum circuit diagram on a butterfly network, and eliminates the evaluation errors when cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gates are used as evaluation operators by introducing auxiliary qubits.

[0059] Further, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, and the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. The determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server may include: determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit; transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0060] It should be noted that the quantum network coding solves the congestion problem of quantum state transmission in the bottleneck channel and bottleneck nodes, and improves the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network.

[0061] Further, the preset evaluation operation is a cascaded TH gate. The determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit may include: determining the first measurement result and the target random number as the target key; Alternatively, the preset evaluation operation is a cascaded THP gate, and the target random number includes a first random number and a second random number. The determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit may include: performing an exclusive OR operation on the first random number and the second random number to obtain a random number result; determining the first measurement result and the random number result as the target key.

[0062] It should be noted that the quantum gate operations involved in the present invention have the following matrix representation forms: , , where \(i\) is the imaginary unit and \(e\) is the natural constant, is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

[0063] The necessity of preparing the auxiliary qubit lies in that when the server executes complex quantum operations involving non-Clifford T gates, evaluation errors will occur: , where , when a P error will occur. Therefore, for the case where the cascaded T gate is used as the evaluation operator, additional auxiliary qubits need to be added and a unique evaluation method needs to be designed to eliminate this error.

[0064] Figure 2 is the second schematic diagram of the process of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method can be applied to the first receiving party or the second receiving party. The first receiving party or the second receiving party can be an electronic device, and during implementation, this electronic device can be various types of devices with information processing capabilities. For example, the electronic device can include a personal computer, a laptop, a handheld computer, or a server, etc.; this electronic device can also be a mobile terminal. For example, the mobile terminal can include a mobile phone, an in-vehicle computer, a tablet computer, or a projector, etc. As Figure 2 shown, this method can include the following steps 201 to step 203: Step 201: Receive the second operation result transmitted by the second evaluation server. The second operation result is obtained when the second sender transmits the first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines it according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation. The first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to the second measurement result and the first qubit. The first qubit is the qubit in the first quantum entanglement state obtained by the first sender and transmitted to the second sender. The second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be sent. The fourth qubit is the qubit in the second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; Step 202: Receive the target key transmitted by the bottleneck channel server. The target key is determined by the first sender according to the first measurement result to obtain the first initial key, and the first initial key is transmitted to the bottleneck channel server. The bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel; Step 203: Decrypt the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent.

[0065] It can be understood that in this application, the relay node, i.e., the bottleneck channel server, uses network coding technology to perform network coding on the received information to achieve the effect of improving the multicast network capacity, thereby alleviating the congestion problem of quantum state transmission caused by the bottleneck channel and bottleneck nodes on the quantum network.

[0066] In some embodiments, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. Receiving the target key transmitted by the receiving bottleneck channel server may include: receiving the target key transmitted by the second bottleneck server, where the target key is obtained by the first sender transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key, and then transmitting the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel. The second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0067] It can be understood that using quantum network coding technology to process keys at the bottleneck node of the butterfly network makes the bottleneck channel in this network model no longer an obstacle to quantum state cross-evaluation and transmission, solves the bottleneck problem when both sending parties perform cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gate evaluations simultaneously, and improves the overall evaluation efficiency and throughput of the network.

[0068] In some embodiments, the second operation result includes a second evaluated ciphertext and a second auxiliary measurement result. The second evaluated ciphertext is obtained by the second evaluation server performing a preset evaluation budget on a second quantum ciphertext. The second auxiliary measurement result is obtained by the second evaluation server measuring a first auxiliary ciphertext. The second quantum ciphertext is obtained by a second sender encrypting a first qubit according to a second measurement result. The first qubit is a qubit in a first entangled quantum state obtained by a first sender. The second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be sent. The fourth qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The first auxiliary ciphertext is obtained by encrypting a preset first auxiliary qubit according to second information. The second information is partial information or all information in the second measurement result. The preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation. Decrypting the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result may include: decrypting the second evaluated ciphertext according to the second auxiliary measurement result and the target key to obtain the first plaintext result.

[0069] It can be understood that in view of the case where there is an evaluation error when cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gates are used as evaluation operators, a unique evaluation method and a corresponding quantum circuit diagram are designed. By introducing auxiliary qubits, the evaluation error when cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gates are used as evaluation operators is eliminated, and the accuracy of quantum information transmission is improved.

[0070] Figure 3 It is the third schematic flow chart of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method can be applied to a bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server can be an electronic device, which can be various types of devices with information processing capabilities during implementation. For example, the electronic device may include a personal computer, a laptop, a palm computer, or a server, etc.; the electronic device can also be a mobile terminal. For example, the mobile terminal may include a mobile phone, an in-vehicle computer, a tablet computer, or a projector, etc. As Figure 3 shown, the method may include the following steps 301 to step 304: Step 301: Receive a first initial key transmitted by a first sender. The first initial key is determined according to a first measurement result. The first measurement result is determined by the first sender according to a second qubit and first plaintext information to be sent. The second qubit is a qubit in a first quantum entanglement state obtained by the first sender.

[0071] Step 302: Receive the second initial key transmitted by the second sender. The second initial key is determined according to the second measurement result, which is determined by the second sender based on the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be sent. The fourth qubit is the qubit in the second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender.

[0072] Step 303: Perform network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

[0073] Step 304: Transmit the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver through the bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain the first plaintext result, and the second receiver decrypts the first operation result according to the target key to obtain the second plaintext result. The first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the second plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be sent.

[0074] It can be understood that the traditional bottleneck channel server, i.e., the network node, can only perform storage and forwarding operations. In this application, the relay node, i.e., the bottleneck channel server, adopts network coding technology to perform network coding on the received information to achieve the effect of improving the multicast network capacity, thereby alleviating the quantum state transmission congestion problem caused by the bottleneck channel and bottleneck nodes on the quantum network.

[0075] Further, the performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key may include: performing an exclusive OR operation on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

[0076] It can be understood that using quantum network coding technology to process keys at the bottleneck node of the butterfly network makes the bottleneck channel in this network model no longer an obstacle to the cross-evaluation and transmission of quantum states, solves the bottleneck problem when both sending parties perform cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gate evaluations simultaneously, and improves the overall evaluation efficiency and throughput of the network.

[0077] Next, an exemplary application of the embodiment of the present invention in a practical application scenario will be described.

[0078] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the present invention. The solid arrows represent the transmission direction of quantum information in the quantum channel, and the dashed arrows represent the transmission direction of classical information in the classical channel. As Figure 4 shown, the method includes the following steps: 1. Key generation phase: Two senders respectively generate a pair of maximally entangled states and exchange one qubit in the entangled states. The plaintext quantum state to be sent is jointly measured with one qubit in the entangled state using the Bell basis, and the measurement result is used as the encryption key for the next step. The two senders exchange a part of the key through a secure channel as the encryption key for the auxiliary qubits, i.e., the auxiliary encryption key.

[0079] 2. Plaintext encryption phase: The two senders encrypt the qubits that were not jointly measured using the Bell basis in the previous step with the encryption key generated in the previous step. The two senders prepare auxiliary qubits according to the rules.

[0080] 3. Quantum evaluation phase: The two senders send the quantum ciphertext and the auxiliary quantum ciphertext obtained in the previous step to the evaluation server to perform quantum evaluation operations of cascaded TH gates or cascaded THP gates. The two senders transmit the encryption key (including the encryption key and the auxiliary encryption key) through the classical channel to bottleneck node 1 for network coding operations, ensuring that only one use of the bottleneck channel is required for the two receivers to simultaneously obtain sufficient decryption keys, ensuring that the cross-evaluation operations can be completed simultaneously. Bottleneck node 1 transmits the encoded key through the bottleneck channel to bottleneck node 2, and then distributes it to the two receivers.

[0081] 4. Ciphertext decryption phase: The two receivers receive the quantum ciphertext and the auxiliary quantum ciphertext evaluated by the evaluation server, and perform decryption operations using the key obtained from the bottleneck node to obtain the result of directly applying the cascaded TH gate or cascaded THP gate to the quantum plaintext.

[0082] Among them, the quantum gate operations involved in the present invention have the following matrix representation forms: , , where i is the imaginary unit and e is the natural constant, is the pi.

[0083] In addition, the necessity of preparing auxiliary qubits lies in that the evaluation server will generate evaluation errors when performing complex quantum operations including non-Clifford T gates: , where , when a P error will occur. Therefore, for the case where the cascaded T gate is used as the evaluation operator, additional auxiliary qubits need to be added and a unique evaluation method needs to be designed to eliminate this error.

[0084] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method based on cascaded TH gates provided by the present invention. As Figure 5As shown, for the case where the evaluation operator is a cascaded TH gate, the quantum plaintext states that the two senders want to send are respectively and . The cross quantum homomorphic encryption method provided by the present invention includes the following steps: Sender generates a pair of maximally entangled states , where the subscript represents the th qubit generated by sender . Similarly, sender generates a pair of maximally entangled states . The two senders exchange qubits and . The two senders respectively perform joint Bell basis measurements on the qubit pairs and , and respectively obtain two-bit encryption keys after the measurement. The two senders exchange a part of the encryption keys and in a secure manner.

[0085] After the joint Bell basis measurement in the previous step, the remaining qubits of the two senders are respectively and . Then, according to the encryption keys obtained in the previous step, encrypt their respective qubits to obtain quantum ciphertexts and respectively. The two senders prepare auxiliary qubits. The preparation process can be that for the initial auxiliary qubit , the two senders first each act on a gate to obtain . Sender then acts on the gate and the gate according to the encryption keys exchanged in the previous step to obtain ; similarly, sender then acts on the gate and the gate to obtain . Where is a random number, , is an exclusive OR operation.

[0086] Sender sends the two-bit quantum state to the evaluation server 1 through a quantum channel, where represents the direct product. The evaluation server performs cascaded H gate and T gate operations on the quantum ciphertext . Then, perform a controlled NOT gate operation, where the evaluated quantum ciphertext For controlling qubits, the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. After that, the auxiliary qubit after the controlled-NOT gate operation is measured in the Z basis, and the measurement result and the evaluated quantum ciphertext are transmitted to the receiver . Similarly, the sender sends the two-bit quantum state to the evaluation server 2 through the quantum channel. The evaluation server performs H gate and T gate operations on the quantum ciphertext concatenation. Then, a controlled-NOT gate operation is performed, where the evaluated quantum ciphertext is the control qubit, and the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. After that, the auxiliary qubit after the controlled-NOT gate operation is measured in the Z basis, and the measurement result and the evaluated quantum ciphertext are transmitted to the receiver .

[0087] The bottleneck node 1 receives the 3-bit encryption key and the 3-bit encryption key transmitted by the sender and , performs an exclusive OR operation to obtain a 4-bit new key , which is transmitted to the bottleneck node 2 through a bottleneck channel with a channel capacity of 4 bits. After that, the 3-bit keys and are respectively forwarded to the two receivers and . If network coding is not used, then to transmit these 6-bit keys, the bottleneck channel with a capacity of 4 bits needs to be used at least twice, resulting in the two receivers not being able to complete the decryption operation and obtain the evaluation results simultaneously.

[0088] The receiver makes the following settings: , , applies the decryption algorithm to the evaluated quantum ciphertext , and can obtain the result of the concatenated TH evaluation operator directly acting on the plaintext . Similarly, the receiver makes the following settings: , , applies the decryption algorithm and can obtain the result of the concatenated TH evaluation operator directly acting on the plaintext .

[0089] Figure 6 is the quantum circuit diagram based on the concatenated TH gate provided by the present invention. AsFigure 6 Shown is a quantum circuit diagram for implementing cascaded TH gate cross quantum homomorphic encryption on a butterfly network.

[0090] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method based on cascaded THP gates provided by the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, for the case where the evaluation operator is a cascaded THP gate, in the cross quantum homomorphic encryption method provided by the present invention, the quantum plaintext states that two senders want to send are respectively and , and the detailed steps of the method are as follows: Sender generates a pair of maximally entangled states , where the subscript represents the th qubit generated by sender . Similarly, sender generates a pair of maximally entangled states . The two senders exchange qubits and . The two senders respectively perform joint Bell basis measurements on the qubit pairs and , and respectively obtain two-bit encryption keys after the measurement. The two senders exchange the encryption keys and through a secure manner.

[0091] After the joint Bell basis measurement in the previous step, the remaining qubits of the two senders are respectively and . Then, encrypt their respective qubits according to the encryption keys obtained in the previous step, and respectively obtain quantum ciphertexts and . Sender prepares two auxiliary qubits. The preparation process can be to first apply the gate to the initial auxiliary qubit to obtain , and then apply and as well as and respectively according to the encryption keys exchanged in the previous step to obtain two auxiliary qubits and ; similarly, sender prepares two auxiliary qubits, first apply the gate, and then apply and as well as and , two auxiliary qubits are obtained and . Among them, is a random number, , is an exclusive OR operation.

[0092] The sender sends the three-bit quantum state to the evaluation server 1 through the quantum channel, where represents the direct product. The evaluation server performs operations of the P gate, H gate, and T gate on the quantum ciphertext cascade. Then, the first controlled-NOT gate operation is performed, where the auxiliary qubit is the control qubit, and the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. Then, the second controlled-NOT gate operation is performed, where the evaluated quantum ciphertext is the control qubit, and the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. After that, the two auxiliary qubits that have undergone the controlled-NOT gate operation are measured in the Z basis, and the measurement result and the evaluated quantum ciphertext are transmitted to the receiver . Similarly, the sender sends the three-bit quantum state to the evaluation server 2 through the quantum channel. The evaluation server performs operations of the P gate, H gate, and T gate on the quantum ciphertext cascade. Then, the first controlled-NOT gate operation is performed, where the auxiliary qubit is the control qubit, and the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. Then, the second controlled-NOT gate operation is performed, where the evaluated quantum ciphertext is the control qubit, and the auxiliary qubit is the target qubit. After that, the two auxiliary qubits that have undergone the controlled-NOT gate operation are measured in the Z basis, and the measurement result and the evaluated quantum ciphertext are transmitted to the receiver .

[0093] The bottleneck node 1 receives the 3-bit encrypted keys and transmitted by the sender and , performs an exclusive OR operation to obtain a 4-bit new key , and transmits it to the bottleneck node 2 through the bottleneck channel with a channel capacity of 4 bits. After that, the 3-bit keys and are respectively forwarded to the two receivers and 。If network coding is not used, then to transmit these 8-bit keys requires using a bottleneck channel with a capacity of 4 bits at least twice, resulting in the inability of the two receivers to complete the decryption operation simultaneously to obtain the evaluation result.

[0094] Receiver Let: , , apply the decryption algorithm to the evaluated quantum ciphertext , and the result of the cascaded THP evaluation operator directly acting on the plaintext can be obtained . Similarly, for receiver Let: , , apply the decryption algorithm and the result of the cascaded THP evaluation operator directly acting on the plaintext can be obtained .

[0095] Figure 8 is the quantum circuit diagram based on cascaded THP gates provided by the present invention. As Figure 8 shown, it is the quantum circuit diagram for implementing cross quantum homomorphic encryption based on cascaded THP gates on a butterfly network.

[0096] In the above embodiments, the two senders on the butterfly network can simultaneously encrypt their respective private quantum states. After the evaluation server performs the operations of cascaded TH gates and cascaded THP gates and sends them crossly to the two receivers on the butterfly network, the receivers obtain the result of the evaluation operation directly acting on the corresponding private quantum states after decryption. At the bottleneck node of the butterfly network, quantum network coding technology is used to process the keys, so that the bottleneck channel in this network model is no longer an obstacle to the cross evaluation and transmission of quantum states, solving the bottleneck problem when the two sending parties perform cascaded TH gate and cascaded THP gate evaluations simultaneously, and improving the overall evaluation efficiency and throughput of the network.

[0097] The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, device, electronic device and storage medium provided by the present invention. Two senders respectively generate a pair of maximally entangled states, exchange one qubit in the entangled states, perform a joint Bell basis measurement on the plaintext quantum state to be sent and one qubit in the entangled states, use the measurement result as the encryption key, and exchange a part of the key in a secure manner; the two senders encrypt the qubits that have not undergone the joint Bell basis measurement using the generated encryption key, and prepare auxiliary qubits according to the rules based on the exchanged part of the key; the two senders send the obtained quantum ciphertext and the auxiliary qubits to the evaluation server to perform quantum evaluation operations of cascaded TH gates or cascaded THP gates, and transmit the encryption key to bottleneck node 1 through a classical channel for network coding operations. Bottleneck node 1 transmits the encoded key to bottleneck node 2 through a bottleneck channel, and then distributes it to the two receivers; the two receivers receive the quantum ciphertext evaluated by the evaluation server and perform decryption operations using the key obtained from the bottleneck node to obtain the result of directly applying the cascaded TH gates or cascaded THP gates to the quantum plaintext. This method solves the bottleneck node and bottleneck channel problems when two sending parties simultaneously perform cascaded T gate cross quantum homomorphic evaluation on a butterfly network, and improves the overall homomorphic encryption efficiency and throughput of the network.

[0098] Based on the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device. Each module included in the device, as well as each unit included in each module, can be implemented by a processor; of course, it can also be implemented by specific logic circuits; during implementation, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (MPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0099] The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention will be described below. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device described below can be correspondingly referred to the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method described above.

[0100] Figure 9 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention. As Figure 9 shown, the device 400 includes an entangled state acquisition module 401, a quantum exchange module 402, a quantum measurement module 403, and a key determination module 404, where: The entangled state acquisition module 401 is configured to acquire a first quantum entangled state, where the first quantum entangled state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, the first qubit and the second qubit have an entangled relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit; A quantum exchange module 402 is configured to transmit the first qubit to a second sender and receive a third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation and transmits the second operation result to a first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit. The third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship. Both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be transmitted. A quantum measurement module 403 is configured to determine a first measurement result according to the second qubit and first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determine a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmit the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation and transmits the first operation result to a second receiver. A key determination module 404 is configured to determine a first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmit the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result. The first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0101] In some embodiments, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. The key determination module 404 is specifically configured to: transmit the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs the network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmit the target key through the bottleneck channel to the second bottleneck server. The second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0102] In some embodiments, the quantum measurement module 403 includes a measurement result unit, a first encryption unit, an auxiliary key unit, an auxiliary ciphertext unit, and a quantum transmission unit, where, The measurement result unit is configured to determine a first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be sent; The first encryption unit is configured to encrypt the third qubit according to the first measurement result to obtain a first quantum ciphertext; The auxiliary key unit is configured to transmit the first information in the first measurement result to the second sender and receive the second information transmitted by the second sender, where the first information is part or all of the first measurement result, and the second information is part or all of the second measurement result, so that the second sender determines a second auxiliary ciphertext according to the first information; The auxiliary ciphertext unit is configured to encrypt a preset first auxiliary qubit according to the second information to obtain a first auxiliary ciphertext, and the first quantum ciphertext and the first auxiliary ciphertext form the second quantum state, and the preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation; The quantum transmission unit is configured to transmit the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server performs the preset evaluation operation on the first quantum ciphertext in the second quantum state to obtain a first post-evaluation ciphertext, performs quantum measurement on the first auxiliary ciphertext to obtain a first auxiliary measurement result, and the first post-evaluation ciphertext and the first auxiliary measurement result form the first operation result, and transmits the first operation result to the second receiver.

[0103] In some embodiments, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel, and the key determination module 404 includes a key determination unit and a key transmission unit, where, The key determination unit is configured to determine the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary qubit; The key transmission unit is configured to transmit the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0104] In some embodiments, the preset evaluation operation is a cascaded TH gate, and the key determination unit is specifically configured to: determine the first measurement result and the target random number as the target key; or the preset evaluation operation is a cascaded THP gate, and the key determination unit is specifically configured to: perform an exclusive OR operation on the first random number and the second random number to obtain a random number result; determine the first measurement result and the random number result as the target key.

[0105] In the embodiments of the present invention, the congestion problem of quantum state transmission in the bottleneck channel and the bottleneck node can be solved, and the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network can be improved.

[0106] Figure 10 It is the second structural schematic diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention. As Figure 10 shown, the device 500 includes a result receiving module 501, a key receiving module 502, and a ciphertext decryption module 503, where: The result receiving module 501 is configured to receive the second operation result transmitted by the second evaluation server. The second operation result is obtained by the second sender transmitting the first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines it according to the first quantum state and the preset evaluation operation. The first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to the second measurement result and the first quantum bit. The first quantum bit is the quantum bit in the first quantum entanglement state obtained by the first sender and transmitted to the second sender. The second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth quantum bit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted. The fourth quantum bit is the quantum bit in the second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; The key receiving module 502 is configured to receive the target key transmitted by the bottleneck channel server. The target key is obtained by the first sender determining the first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel; The ciphertext decryption module 503 is configured to decrypt the second operation result according to the target key to obtain the first plaintext result, and the first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0107] In some embodiments, the bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server. The first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected through a bottleneck channel. The key receiving module 502 is specifically configured to: receive the target key transmitted by the second bottleneck server. The target key is obtained by the first sender transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key, and then transmitting the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel. The second bottleneck server then transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

[0108] In some embodiments, the second operation result includes a second evaluated ciphertext and a second auxiliary measurement result. The second evaluated ciphertext is obtained by the second evaluation server performing a preset evaluation budget on the second quantum ciphertext. The second auxiliary measurement result is obtained by the second evaluation server measuring the first auxiliary ciphertext. The second quantum ciphertext is obtained by the second sender encrypting the first qubit according to the second measurement result. The first qubit is a qubit in the first entangled quantum state obtained by the first sender. The second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted. The fourth qubit is a qubit in the second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender. The first auxiliary ciphertext is obtained by encrypting a preset first auxiliary qubit according to the second information. The second information is part or all of the information in the second measurement result. The preset first auxiliary qubit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation. The ciphertext decryption module 503 is specifically configured to: decrypt the second evaluated ciphertext according to the second auxiliary measurement result and the target key to obtain the first plaintext result.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to solve the congestion problem of quantum state transmission in the bottleneck channel and bottleneck nodes, and improve the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network.

[0110] Figure 11 It is the third schematic structural diagram of the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device provided by the present invention. As Figure 11 shown, the device 600 includes a first key module 601, a second key module 602, a key coding module 603, and a key transmission module 604, wherein: The first key module 601 is configured to receive a first initial key transmitted by a first sender. The first initial key is determined according to a first measurement result, and the first measurement result is determined by the first sender based on a second qubit and first plaintext information to be transmitted. The second qubit is a qubit in a first quantum entanglement state obtained by the first sender; The second key module 602 is configured to receive a second initial key transmitted by a second sender. The second initial key is determined according to a second measurement result, and the second measurement result is determined by the second sender based on a fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be transmitted. The fourth qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender; The key encoding module 603 is configured to perform network encoding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key; The key transmission module 604 is configured to transmit the target key to a first receiver and a second receiver through a bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts a second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, and the second receiver decrypts a first operation result according to the target key to obtain a second plaintext result. The first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted, and the second plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be transmitted.

[0111] In some embodiments, the key encoding module 603 is specifically configured to: perform an exclusive OR operation on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

[0112] In the embodiments of the present invention, the congestion problem of quantum states transmitted in the bottleneck channel and bottleneck nodes can be solved, and the communication efficiency and network throughput of the quantum network can be improved.

[0113] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device provided by the present invention. As Figure 12As shown, the electronic device 700 may include: a processor 710, a communications interface 720, a memory 730, and a communication bus 740. Among them, the processor 710, the communications interface 720, and the memory 730 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 740. The processor 710 may call the logical instructions in the memory 730 to execute the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, which includes: obtaining a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, the first qubit and the second qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit; transmitting the first qubit to a second sender and receiving the third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to a first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit. The third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted; determining a first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to a second receiver; determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmitting the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result. The first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0114] In addition, when the logical instructions in the above-mentioned memory 730 can be implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0115] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by each of the above methods. The method includes: obtaining a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, and the first qubit and the second qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit; transmitting the first qubit to a second sender, and receiving a third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to a first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit, and the third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and the second plaintext information to be transmitted; determining a first measurement result according to the second qubit and the first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to a second receiver; determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmitting the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, and the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0116] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wirelessly (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be stored by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0117] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method provided by the above-mentioned various methods. The method includes: obtaining a first quantum entanglement state, where the first quantum entanglement state includes a first qubit and a second qubit, the first qubit and the second qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the first qubit and the second qubit include at least one qubit; transmitting the first qubit to a second sender, and receiving a third qubit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to a first receiver. The first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first qubit. The third qubit is a qubit in a second quantum entanglement state obtained by the second sender. The second quantum entanglement state further includes a fourth qubit. The third qubit and the fourth qubit have an entanglement relationship, and both the third qubit and the fourth qubit include at least one qubit. The second measurement result is determined according to the fourth qubit and second plaintext information to be transmitted; determining a first measurement result according to the second qubit and first plaintext information to be transmitted, then determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third qubit, and transmitting the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to a second receiver; determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmitting the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key through the bottleneck channel to the first receiver, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result. The first plaintext result is the result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be transmitted. The network coding is used to make the length of the target key match the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

[0118] The above computer-readable storage medium may adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable media may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or a flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0119] The computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries the computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal may take various forms, including - but not limited to - an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination of the above. The computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than the computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0120] The program code contained on the computer-readable medium may be transmitted by any appropriate medium, including - but not limited to - wireless, wire, optical fiber, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0121] Computer program code for performing the operations of this specification can be written in one or more programming languages or combinations thereof. The programming languages include object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also include conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, executed as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., connected through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0122] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative labor.

[0123] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to the first sender, including: Acquire a first quantum entangled state, the first quantum entangled state includes a first quantum bit and a second quantum bit, the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit are entangled, and the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit each include at least one quantum bit; The first quantum bit is transmitted to a second sender, and a third quantum bit transmitted by the second sender is received, so that the second sender transmits the first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to the first receiver, wherein the first quantum state is determined according to the second measurement result and the first quantum bit, the third quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender, the second quantum entangled state also includes a fourth quantum bit, the third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit have an entangled relationship, the third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit each include at least one quantum bit, and the second measurement result is determined according to the fourth quantum bit and the second plaintext information to be sent; Determine a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information to be sent, determine a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third quantum bit, and transmit the second quantum state to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to the second recipient; A first initial key is determined based on the first measurement result, and the first initial key is transmitted to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and the target key is transmitted to the first receiver through the bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, wherein the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the network coding is used to match the length of the target key with the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

2. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected via a bottleneck channel, and the first initial key is transmitted to the bottleneck channel server, comprising: The first initial key is transmitted to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs the network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

3. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information to be sent, determining a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third quantum bit, and transmitting the second quantum state to the first evaluation server includes: Determine a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information to be sent; Encrypting the third quantum bit according to the first measurement result to obtain a first quantum ciphertext; transmitting first information in the first measurement result to the second sender, and receiving second information transmitted by the second sender, wherein the first information is part or all of the information in the first measurement result, and the second information is part or all of the information in the second measurement result, so that the second sender determines a second auxiliary ciphertext according to the first information; Encrypting a preset first auxiliary quantum bit according to the second information to obtain a first auxiliary ciphertext, wherein the first quantum ciphertext and the first auxiliary ciphertext constitute the second quantum state, and the preset first auxiliary quantum bit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation; The second quantum state is transmitted to the first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server performs the preset evaluation operation on the first quantum ciphertext in the second quantum state to obtain a first evaluated ciphertext, performs quantum measurement on the first auxiliary ciphertext to obtain a first auxiliary measurement result, the first evaluated ciphertext and the first auxiliary measurement result constitute the first operation result, and the first operation result is transmitted to the second recipient.

4. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected via a bottleneck channel, and the determining of a first initial key according to the first measurement result and transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server includes: Determine the first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary quantum bit; The first initial key is transmitted to the first bottleneck server, so that the first bottleneck server performs the network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain the target key, and then transmits the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmits the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

5. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The default evaluation operation is cascade eighths The method comprises: determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result and a target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary quantum bit, comprising: Determine the first measurement result and the target random number as the target key; or, The default evaluation operation is cascade eighths The method comprises: determining a first initial key according to the first measurement result and the target random number corresponding to the preset first auxiliary quantum bit, wherein the target random number comprises a first random number and a second random number, and wherein the method comprises: Performing an XOR operation on the first random number and the second random number to obtain a random number result; The first measurement result and the random number result are determined as the target key.

6. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to the first recipient, including: Receive a second operation result transmitted by a second evaluation server, where the second operation result is that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, where the first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to a second measurement result and a first quantum bit, where the first quantum bit is a quantum bit in a first quantum entangled state obtained by the first sender and transmitted to the second sender, where the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be sent, where the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender; receiving a target key transmitted by a bottleneck channel server, wherein the target key is obtained by the first sender determining a first initial key according to a first measurement result, transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server performing network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender, wherein the network coding is used to match the length of the target key with the capacity of the bottleneck channel; The second operation result is decrypted according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent.

7. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottleneck channel server includes a first bottleneck server and a second bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server and the second bottleneck server are connected via a bottleneck channel, and the receiving of the target key transmitted by the bottleneck channel server includes: Receive the target key transmitted by the second bottleneck server, where the target key is obtained by the first sender transmitting the first initial key to the first bottleneck server, the first bottleneck server performing network coding according to the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key, and then transmitting the target key to the second bottleneck server through the bottleneck channel, and the second bottleneck server transmitting the target key to the first receiver and the second receiver respectively.

8. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second operation result includes a second evaluated ciphertext and a second auxiliary measurement result, the second evaluated ciphertext is obtained by the second evaluation server performing a preset evaluation budget on the second quantum ciphertext, the second auxiliary measurement result is obtained by the second evaluation server measuring the first auxiliary ciphertext, the second quantum ciphertext is obtained by the second sender encrypting the first quantum bit according to the second measurement result, the first quantum bit is a quantum bit in the first entangled quantum state obtained by the first sender, the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to the fourth quantum bit and the second plaintext information to be sent, the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in the second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender, the first auxiliary ciphertext is obtained by encrypting the preset first auxiliary quantum bit according to the second information, the second information is part of the information or all of the information in the second measurement result, and the preset first auxiliary quantum bit corresponds to the preset evaluation operation; The decrypting the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result includes: The second evaluated ciphertext is decrypted according to the second auxiliary measurement result and the target key to obtain the first plaintext result.

9. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method, characterized in that: Applicable to bottleneck channel servers, including: Receiving a first initial key transmitted by a first sender, where the first initial key is determined according to a first measurement result, where the first measurement result is determined by the first sender according to a second quantum bit and first plaintext information to be sent, where the second quantum bit is a quantum bit in a first quantum entangled state obtained by the first sender; receiving a second initial key transmitted by a second sender, where the second initial key is determined according to a second measurement result, where the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be sent, where the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state acquired by the second sender; Performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key; The target key is transmitted to the first receiver and the second receiver through a bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result and the second receiver decrypts the first operation result according to the target key to obtain a second plaintext result, wherein the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the second plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be sent.

10. The quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The performing network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key includes: An XOR operation is performed on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain the target key.

11. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, characterized in that: Applied to the first sender, including: An entangled state acquisition module, used to acquire a first quantum entangled state, wherein the first quantum entangled state includes a first quantum bit and a second quantum bit, the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit are entangled, and the first quantum bit and the second quantum bit each include at least one quantum bit; A quantum exchange module, used to transmit the first quantum bit to a second sender, and receive a third quantum bit transmitted by the second sender, so that the second sender transmits the first quantum state to a second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines a second operation result according to the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the second operation result to the first receiver, wherein the first quantum state is determined according to a second measurement result and the first quantum bit, the third quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender, the second quantum entangled state also includes a fourth quantum bit, the third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit have an entangled relationship, the third quantum bit and the fourth quantum bit each include at least one quantum bit, and the second measurement result is determined according to the fourth quantum bit and the second plaintext information to be sent; A quantum measurement module, used to determine a first measurement result according to the second quantum bit and the first plaintext information to be sent, and then determine a second quantum state according to the first measurement result and the third quantum bit, and transmit the second quantum state to a first evaluation server, so that the first evaluation server determines a first operation result according to the second quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, and transmits the first operation result to a second recipient; A key determination module is used to determine a first initial key according to the first measurement result, and transmit the first initial key to a bottleneck channel server, so that the bottleneck channel server performs network coding on the first initial key and the second initial key transmitted by the second sender to obtain a target key, and transmits the target key to the first receiver through the bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, wherein the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the network coding is used to match the length of the target key with the capacity of the bottleneck channel.

12. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, characterized in that: Applied to the first recipient, including: A result receiving module, used to receive a second operation result transmitted by a second evaluation server, wherein the second operation result is that the second sender transmits a first quantum state to the second evaluation server, and the second evaluation server determines the first quantum state and a preset evaluation operation, the first quantum state is determined by the second sender according to a second measurement result and a first quantum bit, the first quantum bit is a quantum bit in a first quantum entangled state obtained by the first sender and transmitted to the second sender, the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be sent, and the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender; a key receiving module, configured to receive a target key transmitted by a bottleneck channel server, wherein the target key is obtained by the first sender determining a first initial key according to a first measurement result, and transmitting the first initial key to the bottleneck channel server, and the bottleneck channel server performing network coding on the first initial key and a second initial key transmitted by the second sender, wherein the network coding is used to match the length of the target key with the capacity of the bottleneck channel; The ciphertext decryption module is used to decrypt the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result, where the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent.

13. A quantum homomorphic encryption transmission device, characterized in that: Applicable to bottleneck channel servers, including: A first key module, used to receive a first initial key transmitted by a first sender, where the first initial key is determined according to a first measurement result, where the first measurement result is determined by the first sender according to a second quantum bit and first plaintext information to be sent, where the second quantum bit is a quantum bit in a first quantum entangled state obtained by the first sender; A second key module, used to receive a second initial key transmitted by a second sender, where the second initial key is determined according to a second measurement result, where the second measurement result is determined by the second sender according to a fourth quantum bit and second plaintext information to be sent, where the fourth quantum bit is a quantum bit in a second quantum entangled state obtained by the second sender; A key encoding module, used for performing network encoding on the first initial key and the second initial key to obtain a target key; A key transmission module is used to transmit the target key to a first receiver and a second receiver through a bottleneck channel, so that the first receiver decrypts the second operation result according to the target key to obtain a first plaintext result and the second receiver decrypts the first operation result according to the target key to obtain a second plaintext result, wherein the first plaintext result is a result obtained by performing a preset evaluation operation on the first plaintext information to be sent, and the second plaintext result is a result obtained by performing the preset evaluation operation on the second plaintext information to be sent.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is implemented.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the quantum homomorphic encryption transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is implemented.

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