Orchard modern planting management mode combining pig manure and biogas slurry combined application and grass growing

Abstract

The invention discloses an orchard modern planting management mode combining pig manure and biogas slurry combined application and grass growing, which is characterized in that a specific method is selected to prepare biogas slurry of which the solid content is less than or equal to 1.5%, the ratio of N to P is 7-8, the copper content is less than or equal to 1.0 mg / L, the zinc content is less than or equal to 2.0 mg / L and the arsenic content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg / L, and the biogas slurry is applied to root systems of fruit trees in a water and fertilizer form to promote the root systems of the fruit trees to absorb nutrients required by growth, so that the growth of the fruit trees is promoted. Meanwhile, centella asiatica is cultivated between rows in the second-third year of field planting of the fruit trees, competition between green grass and fruit tree root systems is avoided, ecological diversity of the orchard is maintained, centella asiatica and common vetch are planted in the fourth year of field planting of the peach trees, phenolic acid substances released by the peach tree root systems are absorbed, and soil PH reduction is slowed down. Compared with the prior art, the obtained pig manure biogas slurry is low in heavy metal content and high in P content and is applied to peach trees to promote the peach trees to grow robustly and bear fruits, integrated fertilization is achieved to the maximum extent through the planting management mode, labor intensity is reduced, chemical fertilizer does not need to be applied, and chemical fertilizer flooding, soil degradation and soil microorganism decline are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a modern orchard planting management mode combining the application of pig manure biogas slurry with grass growing. Background Art

[0002] The orchard management process requires a lot of manpower and fertilizer inputs, and traditional fertilization and tillage cannot make the best use of the water-fertilizer integrated system. If the orchard is overrun with weeds, the labor cost of manual tillage is high, and manual spraying of chemical herbicides is prone to residues and still requires a lot of manpower. How to make the best use of the water-fertilizer system to fertilize and free the manager's hands as much as possible is the key to smart agriculture.

[0003] Studies have shown that orchard grass can maintain basic soil fertility, reduce pesticide use, improve soil ecological environment, and help the sustainable development of the fruit industry. For example, CN110476735A discloses a method for planting orchard grass, which specifically discloses an area with a radius of 0.5m-0.7m with a fruit tree as the center as a tree tray, and an annular ditch is opened on the outer edge of the tree tray. 1kg-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 2kg-2.5kg of poultry manure are applied in each annular ditch. A layer of soil with a thickness of 0.1m is laid on the fertilizer in the annular ditch, and then grass seeds are sown on the soil layer, and the grass seeds are sown and managed. However, this method still requires a lot of manpower and fertilizer input to apply fertilizers in the ditch at different growth periods.

[0004] At present, the water-fertilizer system cannot be utilized to the maximum extent mainly because there is no suitable biogas slurry. Pig farming has a certain scale throughout the country, but the biogas slurry fermented from pig manure is difficult to use in the water-fertilizer system. The reasons are: first, the biogas slurry fermented from pig manure has a high solid content, which can easily clog the fertilizer outlet; second, pig manure contains more heavy metal elements, especially copper and zinc, which exceed the standard. Even if the heavy metal content of the biogas slurry formed after fermentation of pig manure is difficult to meet GB 5084-2021 "Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standards". Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modern orchard planting management model that combines the application of pig manure and biogas slurry with grass growth, aiming to solve the problem that the existing planting management model of clear tillage combined with chemical fertilizers will cause soil degradation and require a large amount of manpower and fertilizers, and that pig manure cannot be fermented into biogas slurry and is difficult to use in water and fertilizer systems.

[0006] The present invention also aims to provide a method for preparing biogas slurry, aiming to solve the problems that the pig manure biogas slurry has a high solid content, blocks the fertilizer outlet, and its heavy metal content is difficult to meet GB 5084-2021 "Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standards".

[0007] A modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry with grass growing, the management model is as follows:

[0008] S1, Planting: Install the water and fertilizer device, dig planting pits according to the fertilizer outlet points of the water and fertilizer device, apply base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting pits, cover with a thin layer of soil, plant fruit tree seedlings at the planting points, and cover the soil with permeable root water.

[0009] S2, Grass cultivation: In the 2nd - 3rd year after fruit tree planting, plant grass seeds with root distribution soil layer ≤ 20 cm between the fruit tree rows. When the fruit tree planting time ≥ 4 years, shallowly plow the 15 - 25 cm soil layer and then plant grass seeds with root distribution soil layer ≤ 25 cm between the rows.

[0010] S4, Water and fertilizer management: Apply water and fertilizer with the water and fertilizer device at specific growth nodes. When new shoots germinate, apply water and fertilizer once every 8 - 10 days, and the water and fertilizer is biogas slurry and water in a volume ratio of 1:8 - 10; when the new shoots are 20 - 30 cm long, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply water and fertilizer once every 15 - 18 days, and the water and fertilizer is biogas slurry and water in a volume ratio of 1:4 - 5; apply organic fertilizer 7900 - 8000 kg / mu in a circular manner in autumn and winter.

[0011] Among them, the solid content rate of the biogas slurry ≤ 1.5%, and N:P is 7 - 8, copper content ≤ 1.0 mg / L, zinc content ≤ 2.0 mg / L, arsenic content ≤ 0.1 mg / L.

[0012] S5, Shaping and pruning: Fix the trunk at 50 - 60 cm into a "Y" shape, and retain a small amount of branches and leaves before planting; in the first year after planting, select the first lateral branch at an outer oblique side more than 30 cm from the base of the main branch for pruning; during winter pruning, short - cut the main and lateral branches to retain lateral buds, and select the second and third lateral branches according to the tree shape until the tree takes shape.

[0013] Preferably, in the above - mentioned technical solution, in step S4, the preparation method of the biogas slurry is as follows:

[0014] S1, Carbonize the fruit tree branches and trunks to obtain carbonized branches and trunks with a specific surface area ≥ 1000 m 2 / g;

[0015] S2, Mix pig manure and water in a ratio of 1:1.3 - 1.5, and then add 0.13 - 0.14% of the mass of the manure - water compound for mixing to obtain the liquid to be fermented, and conduct primary fermentation on the liquid to be fermented to obtain the primary fermentation liquid.

[0016] S3, Take Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium butyricum, mix them in a weight ratio of 2 - 3:1:1 - 2, and then add them to the brown sugar water to make a fermentation agent. Add the fermentation agent to the primary fermentation liquid for high - concentration anaerobic fermentation to obtain the fermentation liquid.

[0017] S4. Add phosphate to the fermentation broth, stir and age for 3 - 5 h. After aging, perform solid - liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, wherein the solid content of the biogas slurry is ≤1.5%, and N:P is 7 - 8, the copper content is ≤1.0 mg / L, the zinc content is ≤2.0 mg / L, and the arsenic content is ≤0.1 mg / L.

[0018] Preferably, in the above - mentioned technical solution, in step S2, the grass species with a root - distribution soil layer ≤20 cm is Centella asiatica.

[0019] Preferably, in the above - mentioned technical solution, in step S2, the grass species with a root - distribution soil layer ≤25 cm is Centella asiatica or / and Vicia sativa.

[0020] The biogas slurry in an orchard modern planting management mode combining the application of pig manure biogas slurry and sod culture as described above. The biogas slurry undergoes two - step fermentation. The solid content of the biogas slurry is ≤1.5%, and N:P is 7 - 8, the copper content is ≤1.0 mg / L, the zinc content is ≤2.0 mg / L, and the arsenic content is ≤0.1 mg / L.

[0021] A preparation method of the biogas slurry as described above, the method comprising:

[0022] S1. Carbonize fruit tree branches to obtain carbonized branches with a specific surface area ≥1000 m 2 / g;

[0023] S2. Mix pig manure and water at a ratio of 1:1.3 - 1.5, and then add 0.13 - 0.14% of the mass of the manure - water compound for mixing to obtain a fermentation - to - be liquid. Ferment the fermentation - to - be liquid initially to obtain an initial fermentation liquid;

[0024] S3. Add a fermentation agent to the initial fermentation liquid for high - concentration anaerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation liquid;

[0025] S4. Add phosphate to the fermentation liquid, stir and age for 3 - 5 h. After aging, perform solid - liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, wherein the solid content of the biogas slurry is ≤1.5%, and N:P is 7 - 8, the copper content is ≤1.0 mg / L, the zinc content is ≤2.0 mg / L, and the arsenic content is ≤0.1 mg / L.

[0026] Preferably, in the above - mentioned technical solution, in step S1, the steps of carbonizing fruit tree branches include:

[0027] S11. Dry the fruit tree branches in the sun;

[0028] S12. Under the protection of inert gas, heat the fruit tree branches in S11 from room temperature to 400 - 450 °C at a rate of 10 - 15 °C / min, hold for a reaction for 20 - 30 min, then heat from 400 - 450 °C to 800 - 850 °C at a rate of 5 - 10 °C / min. When heating to 800 - 850 °C, introduce water vapor at a rate of 1 - 1.5 L / min, react for 55 - 65 min, and cool down naturally to obtain carbonized branches with a specific surface area ≥ 1000 m 2 / g.

[0029] According to the above technical solution, effectively utilize the orchard production waste - the fruit tree branches generated by pruning and trimming, promote the formation of micropores in a "fast - slow" heating mode, and then introduce water vapor at a rate of 1 - 1.5 L / min to react with the carbon atoms inside the carbonized branches to create a large number of micropores, obtaining carbonized branches with a large specific surface area; the carbonized branches have extremely strong physical adsorption and chemical adsorption for heavy metal ions with smaller ionic diameters, and adding them to the fermentation broth can increase the C:N ratio of pig manure and promote the growth and metabolism of microorganisms during the fermentation process.

[0030] Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S2, the primary fermentation means adding 1 - 2 L of 4.0×10 9 -4.5×10 9 CFU / mL sulfate - reducing bacteria liquid, and anaerobically ferment for 48 - 72 h under the conditions of a temperature of 30 - 40 °C and a pH value of 6.0 - 7.0.

[0031] Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S3, the fermentation agent is made by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium butyricum in a weight ratio of 2 - 3:1:1 - 2 and then adding it to the brown sugar water.

[0032] Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S3, in the step of adding phosphate to the fermentation broth, stirring and aging for 3 - 5 h and then performing solid - liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, the biogas slurry and phosphate are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2:0.2 - 0.3.

[0033] Further, in the step of performing solid - liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, the solid - liquid separation is carried out using a centrifuge to obtain biogas slurry with a solid content rate ≤ 1.5%. The working parameters of the centrifuge are: rotational speed 3000 - 3500 rmp, feed flow rate 10 - 12 m 3 / h, and the centrifugation time is 20 - 40 s.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] (1) The heavy metal content of pig manure biogas slurry reaches the "Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard" (GB 5084-2021). The principle is as follows: First, carbonized branches with a specific surface area ≥ 1000 m 2 / g are prepared. The 0.5-2 nm micropores of the carbonized branches account for 70%-90%. A large number of heavy metal ions are adsorbed by capillary condensation of these micropores. Combined with the primary fermentation of sulfate-reducing bacteria, (SO4) 2- is reduced to S 2- , promoting the precipitation of heavy metal sulfides, thereby enhancing the fixation effect of the carbonized branches. Second, the influence of heavy metals in the primary fermentation broth on the reproduction and growth of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium butyricum is reduced to ensure their normal reproduction and growth to secrete extracellular polymers, further adsorbing heavy metal ions to passivate or form precipitates. Finally, phosphate is added to the fermented broth for aging to fix the heavy metal ions that are not fixed or passivated in the fermented broth, and increase the phosphorus content in the biogas slurry, supplementing the low phosphorus content of pig manure biogas slurry and providing sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for the growth of peach trees.

[0036] (2) In the second or third year after planting, the grass species Centella asiatica is selected for intercropping. The root system of Centella asiatica is distributed at 10-20 cm, avoiding competition between the grass and the root system of peach trees. After 4 years of planting peach trees, the grass species Centella asiatica and Vicia sativa are selected. While inhibiting the growth of weeds, the roots do not release but absorb the phenolic acid substances secreted by the continuous cropping root system of peach trees, slowing down the decrease of soil pH and the decline of soil microorganisms. Description of the Drawings

[0037] The realization, functional characteristics, and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 is the fertilization equipment for applying biogas slurry of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A preparation method of pig manure biogas slurry, the preparation method is as follows:

[0042] S1. Cut the peach branches, dry them in the sun, and under nitrogen protection, heat them from room temperature to 450 °C at a rate of 13 °C / min, hold for a reaction for 20 min, then heat from 450 °C to 830 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min. When heated to 830 °C, introduce water vapor at a rate of 1 L / min and react for 60 min, then cool down naturally to obtain carbonized peach branches with a specific surface area of 1134 m 2 / g;

[0043] S2. Mix 3.5 kg of carbonized peach branches, 100 kg of pig manure and 150 kg of water to obtain the liquid to be fermented. Add 1.2 L of 4.5×10 9 CFU / mL sulfate-reducing bacteria liquid, and anaerobically ferment for 72 h under the conditions of a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH value of 6.8 - 7.0 to obtain the primary fermented liquid;

[0044] S3. Take 0.6 kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 kg of Pseudomonas sp., and 0.4 kg of Clostridium butyricum, mix them, and then add them to 2 L of brown sugar water to make a fermentation agent. Add 2 L of the fermentation agent to the primary fermented liquid and anaerobically ferment at a high concentration for 24 d under the conditions of a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH of 6.8 - 7.5 to obtain a fermented liquid;

[0045] S4. Add phosphate to the fermented liquid. After stirring and aging the biogas slurry and 20 kg of phosphate for 5 h, perform solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge to obtain biogas slurry. The operating parameters of the centrifuge are: rotation speed 3500 rmp, feed flow rate 10 m 3 / h, and the centrifugation time is 35 s.

[0046] A kind of pig manure biogas slurry is prepared by the preparation method of the above-mentioned pig manure biogas slurry.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A preparation method of pig manure biogas slurry, the preparation method is as follows:

[0049] S1. Cut the peach branches, dry them in the sun, and under nitrogen protection, heat them from room temperature to 450 °C at a rate of 10 °C / min, hold for a reaction for 20 min, then heat from 450 °C to 820 °C at a rate of 8 °C / min. When heated to 820 °C, introduce water vapor at a rate of 1.1 L / min and react for 55 min, then cool down naturally to obtain carbonized peach branches with a specific surface area of 1086 m 2 / g;

[0050] S2. Mix 3.0 kg of carbonized peach branches, 100 kg of pig manure and 130 kg of water to obtain the liquid to be fermented. Add 1 L of 4.0×10 9CFU / mL sulfate-reducing bacteria solution is anaerobically fermented for 60 h under the conditions of a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH value of 6.8 - 7.0 to obtain a primary fermentation broth;

[0051] S3, Take 0.6 kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.3 kg of Pseudomonas, and 0.3 kg of Clostridium butyricum, mix them, add them to 2 L of brown sugar water to make a fermentation agent, and add 2 L of the fermentation agent to the primary fermentation broth and anaerobically ferment at a high concentration for 20 d under the conditions of a temperature of 35 - 38 °C and a pH of 6.8 - 7.5 to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0052] S4, Add phosphate to the fermentation broth. After stirring and aging the biogas slurry and 30 kg of phosphate for 4.5 h, perform solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge to obtain biogas slurry. The operating parameters of the centrifuge are: rotation speed 3000 rmp, feed flow rate 12 m 3 / h, and the centrifugation time is 40 s.

[0053] A kind of pig manure biogas slurry is obtained by using the preparation method of the above-mentioned pig manure biogas slurry.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] A preparation method of pig manure biogas slurry, the preparation method is as follows:

[0056] S1, Cut the straw into small sections to obtain straw segments, mix 3.5 kg of straw segments, 100 kg of pig manure and 150 kg of water to obtain a liquid to be fermented;

[0057] S2, Take 1.2 kg of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.6 kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 kg of Pseudomonas, 0.4 kg of Clostridium butyricum, mix them, add them to 4 L of brown sugar water to make a fermentation agent, and add 4 L of the fermentation agent to the liquid to be fermented and anaerobically ferment at a high concentration for 24 d under the conditions of a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH of 6.8 - 7.5 to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0058] S3, Use a centrifuge to perform solid-liquid separation on the fermentation broth to obtain biogas slurry. The operating parameters of the centrifuge are: rotation speed 1000 rmp, feed flow rate 10 m 3 / h, and the centrifugation time is 35 s.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] A preparation method of pig manure biogas slurry, the preparation method is as follows:

[0061] S1, Cut the straw into small sections to obtain straw segments, mix 3.5 kg of straw segments, 100 kg of pig manure and 150 kg of water to obtain a liquid to be fermented, and add 1.2 L of 4.5×10 9CFU / mL sulfate-reducing bacteria solution was anaerobically fermented for 72 h at a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH value of 6.8 - 7.0 to obtain a primary fermentation broth;

[0062] S2, 0.6 kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 kg of Pseudomonas, and 0.4 kg of Clostridium butyricum were mixed and then added to 2 L of brown sugar water to make a fermentation agent. The 2 L of the fermentation agent was added to the primary fermentation broth and anaerobically fermented at a high concentration for 24 d at a temperature of 35 - 37 °C and a pH of 6.8 - 7.5 to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0063] S3, a centrifuge was used for solid-liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry. The operating parameters of the centrifuge were: rotational speed 3500 rmp, feed flow rate 10 m 3 / h, and the centrifugation time was 35 s.

[0064] A kind of pig manure biogas slurry, which is prepared by the preparation method of the above-mentioned pig manure biogas slurry.

[0065] Before and after pig manure fermentation, the fermentation broth, and the biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation were measured for the content of nutrient elements. Among them, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium were detected according to GB11905 - 89, and the content of nutrient elements before and after pig manure fermentation was detected according to GB18596 - 2001 and the draft for soliciting opinions of GB18596. The content of the nutrient elements is shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below, and the content of heavy metal elements is shown in Table 3 below.

[0066] Table 1 Content of nutrient elements before and after pig manure fermentation and nutrient components of biogas slurry

[0067]

[0068] It can be seen from Table 1 that after fermentation, applying phosphate to the fermentation broth and then performing solid-liquid separation can significantly increase the phosphorus content in the biogas slurry; the nutrient elements after fermenting pig manure by the method of the present invention increase compared with other treatment methods, indicating that this fermentation method is more conducive to the full fermentation of pig manure. Solid-liquid separation will cause the nutrient components of the biogas slurry to decline to a certain extent. Therefore, the selection of the operating parameters of solid-liquid separation is very important for the solid content rate and nutrient components of the biogas slurry.

[0069] Table 2 N:P, N:K, and solid content rate of Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2

[0070] N:P N:K Solid content (%) Example 1 7.08 1.97 1.14 Example 2 7.44 1.81 1.20 Comparative Example 1 26.10 2.05 2.27 Comparative Example 2 21.38 1.78 1.13

[0071] As can be seen from Table 2, the fermentation method of the method of the present invention and the addition of phosphate after pig manure fermentation significantly increase the N:P ratio in biogas slurry, so as to solve the problem that phosphorus-rich chemical fertilizers are often topdressed before and after the flowering and fruiting of peach trees, meet the nutritional and reproductive growth needs of peach trees, ensure stable and high yields of peach trees, and achieve stable output in peach orchards.

[0072] Table 3 Heavy metal element content in pig manure before fermentation and heavy metal content in biogas slurry

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from Table 2, the combination of carbonized peach branches and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the addition of phosphate after fermentation have significantly better heavy metal removal effects than the mixed fermentation of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium butyricum, and better than the fermentation with sulfate-reducing bacteria alone followed by the fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium butyricum.

[0075] The biogas slurry in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was further adsorbed with heavy metals by carbonized peach branches until its heavy metal content met the GB 5084-2021 standard.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] From March 2020 to March 2024, an experiment on the modern orchard planting management mode combining the application of pig manure biogas slurry and grass planting (experimental plot area: 30m×10m) was carried out. The management mode includes:

[0078] S1, Planting: Install a water and fertilizer device. The water and fertilizer device is installed at a soil depth of 40-30 cm, and the fertilizer outlet points of the fertilizer pipes are set according to 2.8m×2m in rows. In late March 2020, planting pits are dug near the fertilizer application points of the fertilizer pipes, avoiding the pipes. Substrates are applied at the bottom of the planting pits. The substrates are a mixture of straw, organic fertilizer, and zeolite in a weight ratio of 3:2:1. Peach saplings with a plant height of 70-100 cm are planted into the planting points, covered with soil, and thoroughly watered to soak the roots. Strong and age-appropriate saplings are selected for planting;

[0079] S2, When the peach trees are in the 2nd - 3rd year after planting, Centella asiatica is planted between the peach tree rows and mowed and returned to the field in July - August in summer;

[0080] S3, When the peach trees are 4 years after planting, shallow tillage is carried out in the 15-20 cm soil layer in early winter, and Centella asiatica and Vicia sativa are planted between the peach tree rows in spring, and mowed and returned to the field in July - August in summer;

[0081] S4, Water and Fertilizer Management: When new shoots germinate, apply water and fertilizer once every 8 - 10 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry obtained in Example 1 mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:8, and 25 L is applied per mu each time. When the new shoots are 20 - 30 cm long, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply water and fertilizer once every 15 - 17 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry obtained in Example 1 mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:5, and 35 L per mu is applied each time. Apply organic fertilizer in a circular manner around the tree in autumn and winter at 7900 - 8000 kg per mu;

[0082] S5, Pruning and Shaping: Fix the trunk at 50 - 60 cm to form a "Y" shape, and retain a small amount of branches and leaves before planting. In the first year after planting, select the first lateral branch at an outer inclined side more than 30 cm above the base of the main branch during pruning. During winter pruning, shorten the main and lateral branches to retain lateral buds, and select the second and third lateral branches according to the tree shape until the tree takes shape.

[0083] Comparative Example 3

[0084] From March 2020 to March 2024, an experiment on the modern orchard planting management mode combining the application of pig manure biogas slurry and clean tillage was carried out (experimental plot area: 30 m × 10 m). The management mode includes:

[0085] S1, Planting: In late March 2020, dig planting pits according to a row spacing of 3 m × a column spacing of 2.3 m. Apply the substrate at the bottom of the planting pit. The substrate is a mixture of straw, organic fertilizer, and zeolite in a weight ratio of 3:2:1. Select peach saplings with a plant height of 70 - 100 cm and plant them in the planting points, cover the soil and pour sufficient root water, and select healthy and age - appropriate saplings for planting;

[0086] S2, Orchard Clean Tillage;

[0087] S4, Water and Fertilizer Management: When new shoots germinate, apply quick - acting fertilizer once every 10 - 15 days, and apply 20 - 30 kg per mu each time. When the new shoots are 20 - 30 cm long, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply a ternary compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen 2: phosphorus 3: potassium 2 once, applying 35 kg per mu, and apply foliar fertilizer every 15 days, spraying 10 L per mu each time. Apply organic fertilizer in a circular manner around the tree in autumn and winter at 7900 - 8000 kg per mu;

[0088] S5, Pruning and Shaping: Fix the trunk at 50 - 60 cm to form a "Y" shape, and retain a small amount of branches and leaves before planting. In the first year after planting, select the first lateral branch at an outer inclined side more than 30 cm above the base of the main branch during pruning. During winter pruning, shorten the main and lateral branches to retain lateral buds, and select the second and third lateral branches according to the tree shape until the tree takes shape.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] From March 2020 to March 2024, an experiment on the modern orchard planting management mode combining the application of pig manure biogas slurry and grass - growing was carried out (experimental plot area: 30 m × 10 m). The management mode includes:

[0091] S1, Planting: In late March 2020, dig planting pits according to a row spacing of 3 m × column spacing of 2.3 m. Apply the substrate at the bottom of the planting pits. The substrate is a mixture of straw, organic fertilizer, and zeolite in a weight ratio of 3:2:1. Select peach saplings with a plant height of 70 - 100 cm and plant them at the planting points. Cover the soil and apply thorough root water. Select healthy and age-appropriate saplings for planting;

[0092] S2, When it is the 2nd - 3rd year after the peach trees are planted, plant purple vetch between the peach tree rows and mow it and return it to the field in July - August in summer;

[0093] S3, Water and fertilizer management: When the new shoots germinate, apply water and fertilizer once every 8 - 10 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry prepared in Comparative Example 1 and water in a volume ratio of 1:8, and 25 L is applied per mu each time; when the new shoots are 20 - 30 cm long, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply water and fertilizer once every 15 - 17 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry prepared in Comparative Example 1 and water in a volume ratio of 1:5, and 35 L / mu is applied each time; apply 7900 - 8000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer in a circular application in autumn and winter;

[0094] S4, Shaping and pruning: Fix the trunk at 50 - 60 cm to form a "Y" shape, and retain a small amount of branches and leaves before planting; in the first year after planting, select the first lateral branch at an outer oblique side more than 30 cm from the base of the main branch during pruning; during winter pruning, short - cut the main and lateral branches to retain lateral buds, and select the second and third lateral branches according to the tree shape until the tree takes shape.

[0095] Comparative Example 5

[0096] From March 2020 to March 2024, an experimental study on the modern orchard planting management mode combining chemical fertilizer application and grass - growing (experimental plot area: 30 m × 10 m) was carried out. The management mode includes:

[0097] S1, Planting: Install a water and fertilizer device. The water and fertilizer device is installed at a soil depth of 40 - 30 cm, and set the fertilizer outlet points of the fertilizer application pipes according to a row spacing of 2.8 m × column spacing of 2 m. In late March 2020, dig planting pits near the fertilizer application points of the fertilizer application pipes, avoiding the pipes. Apply the substrate at the bottom of the planting pits. The substrate is a mixture of straw, organic fertilizer, and zeolite in a weight ratio of 3:2:1. Select peach saplings with a plant height of 70 - 100 cm and plant them at the planting points. Cover the soil and apply thorough root water. Select healthy and age - appropriate saplings for planting;

[0098] S2, When it is the 2nd - 3rd year after the peach trees are planted, plant centella asiatica between the peach tree rows and mow it and return it to the field in July - August in summer;

[0099] S3, When it is 4 years after the peach trees are planted, conduct shallow tillage in the 15 - 20 cm soil layer in early winter and plant centella asiatica and vetch between the peach tree rows in spring, and mow them and return them to the field in July - August in summer;

[0100] S4, Water and Fertilizer Management: When new shoots germinate, apply water and fertilizer once every 8 - 10 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry prepared in Comparative Example 2 mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:8, and 25 L is applied per mu each time; when the new shoots are 20 - 30 cm long, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply water and fertilizer once every 15 - 17 days. The water and fertilizer is the biogas slurry prepared in Comparative Example 2 mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:5, and 35 L per mu is applied each time; in autumn and winter, apply organic fertilizer in a circular manner at 7900 - 8000 kg / mu.

[0101] S5, Shaping and Pruning: Fix the trunk at 50 - 60 cm into a "Y" shape, and retain a small amount of branches and leaves before planting; in the first year after planting, select the first lateral branch at an outer oblique side more than 30 cm from the base of the main branch during pruning; during winter pruning, short - cut the main and lateral branches to retain lateral buds, and select the second and third lateral branches according to the tree shape until the tree takes shape.

[0102] The results of soil humidity and weed inhibition rate of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3 - 5 are shown in Table 4 below.

[0103] Table 4 Soil Humidity and Weed Inhibition Rate of Different Examples

[0104]

[0105] It can be seen from Table 4 that in the management mode of clean tillage combined with chemical fertilizers, the soil pH value shows a downward trend with the increase of continuous cropping time, while in the management mode of grass - growing combined with biogas slurry, the decrease of soil pH slows down, and it is better to choose Centella asiatica and Vicia sativa for grass - growing.

[0106] After stopping fertilization for 1 - 2 months in the 4th year, soil samples of each plot were taken for soil nutrient detection, and the soil nutrient detection results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 below.

[0107] Table 5 Contents of Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Elements

[0108] Organic matter (g / kg) Nitrogen (g / kg) Phosphorus (g / kg) Potassium (g / kg) Example 3 46.6 2.26 1.630 12.35 Comparative Example 3 32.6 2.02 1.513 12.56 Comparative Example 4 49.1 1.56 0.431 11.28 Comparative Example 5 45.8 1.82 0.480 11.35

[0109] Table 6 Contents of Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Zinc and Boron Elements

[0110] Magnesium (cmol / kg) Iron (mg / kg) Copper (mg / kg) Zinc (mg / kg) Calcium (cmol / kg) Example 3 6.55 0.36 13.25 53.19 17.39 Comparative Example 3 0.45 0.14 12.17 50.25 11.35 Comparative Example 4 6.06 0.21 14.21 53.53 14.43 Comparative Example 5 6.11 0.33 13.29 53.27 15.32

[0111] It can be obtained from Table 5 and Table 6 that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil applying the biogas slurry of Example 1 are similar to those applying chemical fertilizers, and there are significant differences in phosphorus content compared with the biogas slurry of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0112] The yields of each plot in 2024 are shown in Table 7 below.

[0113] Table 7 Yields of Each Experimental Plot in 2024

[0114] <![CDATA[Output (300m 2 )]]> Example 3 980 Comparative Example 3 900 Comparative Example 4 760 Comparative Example 5 790

[0115] The yield of the peach orchard management method using the method of the present invention is similar to that of the traditional clean tillage combined with chemical fertilizer management mode, indicating that modern peach orchard management with pig manure biogas slurry combined with grass-growing can achieve better yields.

[0116] The present invention can be implemented in various different ways and is not limited to the described embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the present invention can be implemented by other specific means without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry with grass growing, characterized in that: The management model is as follows: S1, planting: install a water and fertilizer device, dig a planting pit according to the fertilizer output point of the water and fertilizer device, apply base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting pit, cover with thin soil, plant the fruit tree seedlings to the planting point, cover with soil and apply water to penetrate the roots; S2, grass cultivation: 2-3 years after fruit trees are planted, grass seeds with root distribution of ≤20cm in the soil layer are planted between fruit trees. When the fruit trees have been planted for ≥4 years, shallow tillage of the 15-25cm soil layer is performed and grass seeds with root distribution of ≤25cm in the soil layer are planted between rows. S4, water and fertilizer management: Use water and fertilizer devices to apply water and fertilizer at specific growth nodes. When new shoots sprout, apply water and fertilizer once every 8-10 days, and the water and fertilizer are slurry and water at a volume ratio of 1:8-10; when new shoots are 20-30cm, after flowering, and after fruiting, apply water and fertilizer once every 15-18 days, and the water and fertilizer are slurry and water at a volume ratio of 1:4-5; in autumn and winter, apply organic fertilizer 7900-8000kg / mu, The biogas slurry has a solid content of ≤1.5%, a N:P ratio of 7-8, a copper content of ≤1.0 mg / L, a zinc content of ≤2.0 mg / L, and an arsenic content of ≤0.1 mg / L; S5, shaping and pruning: the trunk is set into a "Y" shape at 50-60cm, and a small amount of branches and leaves are retained before transplanting; in the first year after transplanting, prune at an outer oblique side of more than 30cm from the base of the main branch and select the first side branch; when pruning in winter, the main and side branches are shortened to retain side buds, and the second and third side branches are selected according to the tree shape until the tree is formed.

2. The modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry application with grass growing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the biogas slurry is prepared as follows: S1, carbonization of fruit tree branches to obtain a specific surface area ≥ 1000m 2 / g of carbonized branches; S2, mixing pig manure and water at a ratio of 1:1.3-1.5, adding 0.13-0.14% of the mass of manure and water compounds to obtain a fermented liquid, and performing primary fermentation on the fermented material to obtain a primary fermented liquid; S3, mixing Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas and Clostridium butyricum in a weight ratio of 2-3:1:1-2, and adding the mixture to brown sugar water to prepare a starter, and adding the starter to the primary fermentation liquid to perform high-concentration anaerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation liquid; S3, adding phosphate to the fermentation liquid, stirring and aging for 3-5 hours, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, wherein the biogas slurry has a solid content of ≤1.5%, an N:P ratio of 7-8, a copper content of ≤1.0 mg / L, a zinc content of ≤2.0 mg / L, and an arsenic content of ≤0.1 mg / L.

3. The modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry application with grass growing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the grass species with a root distribution soil layer of ≤20 cm is Centella asiatica.

4. The modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry application with grass growing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the grass species with root distribution soil layer ≤ 25 cm is Centella asiatica and / or Pisum sativum.

5. A biogas slurry in a modern orchard planting management model combining pig manure biogas slurry with grass growing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The biogas slurry is fermented in two steps, the solid content of the biogas slurry is ≤1.5%, the N:P ratio is 7-8, the copper content is ≤1.0 mg / L, the zinc content is ≤2.0 mg / L, and the arsenic content is ≤0.1 mg / L.

6. A method for preparing biogas slurry as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1, carbonization of fruit tree branches to obtain a specific surface area ≥ 1000m 2 / g of carbonized branches; S2, mixing pig manure and water at a ratio of 1:1.3-1.5, adding 0.13-0.14% of the mass of manure and water compounds to obtain a fermented liquid, and performing primary fermentation on the fermented material to obtain a primary fermented liquid; S3, taking a starter and adding it to the primary fermentation liquid to perform high-concentration anaerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation liquid; S4, adding phosphate to the fermentation liquid, stirring and aging for 3-5 hours, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain biogas slurry, wherein the biogas slurry has a solid content of ≤1.5%, an N:P ratio of 7-8, a copper content of ≤1.0 mg / L, a zinc content of ≤2.0 mg / L, and an arsenic content of ≤0.1 mg / L.

7. The method for preparing biogas slurry according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the step of carbonizing the fruit tree trunks includes: S11, drying of fruit tree branches; S12, under the protection of inert gas, the temperature of the fruit tree trunk in S11 is raised from room temperature to 400-450°C at a rate of 10-15°C / min, and the temperature is kept for reaction for 20-30min, and then the temperature is raised from 400-450°C to 800-850°C at a rate of 5-10°C / min, and water vapor is introduced at a rate of 1-1.5L / min after the temperature is raised to 800-850°C, and the temperature is reacted for 55-65min, and the temperature is naturally cooled to obtain a specific surface area ≥1000m 2 / g of carbonized branches.

8. The method for preparing biogas slurry according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the primary fermentation refers to adding 1-2 L of 4.0×10 9 -4.5×10 9 CFU / mL sulfate-reducing bacteria solution was anaerobically fermented for 48-72 hours at a temperature of 30-40°C and a pH of 6.0-7.

0.

9. The method for preparing biogas slurry according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the starter is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas and Clostridium butyricum in a weight ratio of 2-3:1:1-2 and then adding the mixture into brown sugar water.

10. The method for preparing biogas slurry according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, after adding phosphate to the fermentation liquid and stirring and aging for 3-5 hours, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain biogas slurry, the biogas slurry and phosphate are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.5-2:0.2-0.3.

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