Soil fertility improving method under camellia oleifera forest three-dimensional circulation planting and breeding mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil-tea camellia planting soil improvement, in particular to a soil fertility improving method under an oil-tea camellia forest three-dimensional circulating planting and breeding mode. According to the soil fertility improving method under the camellia oleifera forest three-dimensional circulation planting and breeding mode, through forest land preparation, pest control, waterlogged compost manufacturing, ploughing, plant interplanting and plowing, crop planting, poultry breeding and the like under the camellia oleifera forest are achieved, the land utilization rate can be increased, and the soil fertility is improved; the agricultural wastes and the breeding wastes can be used as raw materials for preparing the biological organic compound fertilizer, so that harmless treatment and efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources are realized, the nutrition of the compound fertilizer is increased, sufficient nutrients are provided for the camellia oleifera, and the sustainability of a whole ecological system is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement for Camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil fertility under a three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode in a Camellia oleifera forest. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera Abel is an oil-bearing species in the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae, with a high oil content in its seeds and high production value. Also known as the oil tea tree or tea seed tree, it is one of the four major woody oilseed tree species in the world, along with Olea europaea, Elaeis guineensis, and Cocos nucifera. The Camellia oleifera plant is 4 - 6 m tall, generally 2 - 3 m. The bark is light brown and smooth. The leaves are alternate, simple, leathery, elliptical or ovate-elliptical, with fine serrations on the edge, 3 - 10 cm long and 1.5 - 4.5 cm wide. The flowers are terminal or axillary, bisexual, white, 6 - 9 cm in diameter, with the petals obovate and often cracked at the top. The capsule is spherical, oblate, or olive-shaped, 3 - 4 cm in diameter, with thick and lignified valves and containing seeds.

[0003] The oil tea tree likes warmth and fears cold. It has well-developed roots, is tolerant of infertile soil, has a wide adaptability for growth, and can make full use of marginal land for growth. It is an excellent tree species with both economic and ecological benefits.

[0004] The cultivation of Camellia oleifera has a relatively large demand for nutrients, so the loss of soil fertility is also relatively large. To increase soil fertility, fertilizers are usually selected. Currently, commonly used fertilizers include chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, etc. Chemical fertilizers can provide the nutrient requirements for plant growth and increase yields, but long-term use can cause problems such as soil salinization, air pollution, and water pollution; organic fertilizers have an improving effect on soil properties and the environment, but the fertilizer effect of applying only organic fertilizers often fails to meet expectations. Biological bacterial fertilizers can increase crop yields and fruit quality, improve the stress resistance of crops, enhance the soil fertility improvement effect, and repair damaged soil environments, but the preservation conditions of bacterial fertilizers are relatively strict, and if not properly preserved, it will affect the survival rate of microorganisms.

[0005] Based on this, how to improve soil structure, balance soil fertility, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and use effective fertilization methods to increase the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera has become an urgent problem to be solved in improving the production efficiency of Camellia oleifera. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide a method for improving soil fertility under a three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode in a Camellia oleifera forest.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for improving soil fertility under a three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode in a Camellia oleifera forest, including the following steps:

[0008] S1. Forest land preparation: After the autumn harvest of camellia oleifera, deeply plow the land in the camellia oleifera forest once to break up the clumped soil, clean the stones and weeds in the forest land, and dig a semi-circular fertilization ditch along the outer edge projection of the tree crown, and apply biological organic compound fertilizer.

[0009] S2. Pest and disease control: Raise poultry under the camellia oleifera forest, and use methods such as installing insect-trapping lights and spraying dimethoate solution at a dilution of 500 - 1000 times to control Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests.

[0010] S3. Compost making: After forest land preparation, collect the fallen leaves of camellia oleifera and the dead branches and leaves of pine needles, lay a layer of leaves and then a layer of soil, and then lay another layer of leaves and another layer of soil, layer by layer. Water to keep it moist, and the thickness of each layer of soil or leaves is 8 - 10 cm; then cover it with soil and let it naturally decompose for 2 - 3 months, and put earthworms in it.

[0011] S4. Plowing: After the compost is decomposed, dissolve the soil conditioner in water and spray it on the soil, and then use agricultural machinery to plow the land. Dig 3 - 5 radial ditches from the outside of the tree crown towards the inside, with the ditch length of 10 - 15 cm, width of 40 - 50 cm, and depth of 20 - 40 cm. Change the position of the ditches every year, apply the biological organic compound fertilizer into the ditches, and irrigate in time.

[0012] S5. Intercropping: Plant some peanuts and mung bean plants on both sides of the camellia oleifera trees after plowing from the end of March to the first ten days of April. Plant 4 - 5 rows of peanuts or mung beans between every two rows of camellia oleifera trees, with the row spacing of 40 - 50 cm and the hole spacing of 15 - 20 cm.

[0013] S6. Plowing: After harvesting peanuts and mung beans, use agricultural machinery to plow the land. Vertically drill 6 - 10 round holes with a depth of 45 - 50 cm and a diameter of 20 - 25 cm on the land around the trunk of the camellia oleifera tree, fill them with the soil conditioner, cover the hole openings with dry plant mats, then lay a layer of soil and compact it, and let it stand for 5 - 10 days; uncover the plant mats at the hole openings, stir the special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera evenly and apply it into the round holes until 1 cm from the hole opening, cover the hole openings with dry plant mats, then lay a layer of soil and compact it. Until the camellia oleifera tree blossoms, bears fruit until the autumn of the next year for harvesting. After the autumn harvest again, repeat the operations of steps S1 - S5.

[0014] Furthermore, the production of the biological organic compound fertilizer includes putting camellia oleifera waste, rice husk powder, corn straw powder, herbal medicine residue, and distiller's grains into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial agent and water, mixing evenly, fermenting at 40 - 45 °C, continuously supplying oxygen during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 18 h, and fermenting for a total of 10 - 15 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; then mixing the fermentation mixture evenly with livestock and poultry manure, placing it in a compost box and fermenting at 70 - 75 °C, supplying oxygen through aeration during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 48 - 72 h, and fermenting for a total of 30 - 45 days to obtain the biological organic compound fertilizer.

[0015] Further, the bio-organic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 20-25 parts of oil-tea camellia waste, 25-30 parts of rice husk powder, 30-35 parts of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts of distiller's grains, 10-20 parts of herbal residue, 1-5 parts of compound microbial inoculum, and 15-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0016] Further, the compound microbial inoculum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including one or more of 15-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 35-40 parts of yeast, 55-60 parts of actinomycetes, 35-40 parts of pseudomonas, 20-25 parts of bacillus subtilis, and 15-20 parts of white rot fungi.

[0017] Further, the herbal residue is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 6-10 parts of dandelion, 2-5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8-12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6-12 parts of pyrethrum cinerariifolium, 1-5 parts of psoralea corylifolia, and 4-10 parts of ligusticum sinense.

[0018] Further, the production method of the herbal residue includes crushing dandelion, houttuynia cordata, scutellaria baicalensis, pyrethrum cinerariifolium, psoralea corylifolia, and ligusticum sinense, and mixing them to obtain a herbal mixture; then adding 8-10 times the mass of water to the herbal mixture, soaking for 3-5 h, boiling and extracting for 3-4 h, and filtering to obtain a herbal extract and a herbal residue.

[0019] Further, the soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 6-14 parts of herbal extract, 10-18 parts of oil-tea camellia seed pyrolysis liquid, 4-8 parts of chitosan, and 40-80 parts of water.

[0020] Further, the preparation method of the oil-tea camellia seed pyrolysis liquid is as follows: collecting the oil-tea camellia seed residue after pressing out tea oil, crushing it, adding an appropriate amount of water, and making it into particles by extrusion; pyrolyzing the particles at 300-500 °C for 2-4 h,

[0021] Collecting the gas-phase product, and condensing it to obtain the oil-tea camellia seed residue pyrolysis liquid.

[0022] Further, the production method of the special organic fertilizer for oil-tea camellia includes putting the residue after pyrolysis of oil-tea camellia seeds, rice husk powder, corn straw powder, herbal residue, and distiller's grains into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial inoculum and water, mixing evenly, fermenting at 40-45 °C, continuously supplying oxygen during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 15 h, and fermenting for 10-15 days in total to obtain a fermentation mixture; then mixing the fermentation mixture with livestock and poultry manure evenly, putting it into a compost box and fermenting at 70-75 °C, supplying oxygen through aeration during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 48-72 h, and fermenting for 30-45 days in total to obtain the special organic fertilizer for oil-tea camellia trees.

[0023] Further, the special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 - 15 parts of the residue after pyrolysis of camellia oleifera seeds, 20 - 25 parts of rice husk powder, 25 - 30 parts of corn straw powder, 20 - 25 parts of herbal residue, 10 - 15 parts of distiller's grains, 1 - 5 parts of compound microbial inoculum, and 15 - 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. By planting crops and raising poultry under the camellia oleifera forest, the present application can not only improve the land utilization rate, but also use agricultural waste and breeding waste as raw materials for preparing bio - organic compound fertilizer, realizing the harmless treatment and efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources, increasing the nutrition of the compound fertilizer, and providing sufficient nutrients for camellia oleifera trees.

[0026] 2. By placing the fallen leaves of camellia oleifera and the withered and fallen leaves of pine needles deep into the soil after autumn harvest, the present application can also increase the soil drainage and water retention, better promote the growth of camellia oleifera trees, and the decomposed fallen leaves and pine needle leaves can achieve the effect of part of chemical fertilizer, reducing costs, effectively solving physiological diseases caused by nutrient deficiencies such as yellow leaves, small leaves and bitter pit disease, meeting the nutrient requirements of camellia oleifera trees for flowering and fruiting, and thus improving the soil fertility.

[0027] 3. For the soil conditioner of the present application, the herbal extract has functions such as antiviral, antibacterial and insecticidal; the pyrolysis liquid of camellia oleifera seeds contains rich organic acids, phenols, ketones and alcohols, etc., which can increase the soil permeability, neutralize the soil salinity and alkalinity, increase the release of soil organic matter, and increase the fertility; chitosan can improve the soil activity and air permeability, preventing soil compaction that may be caused by excessive fertilizer in the future. The soil conditioner prepared from the above components can effectively improve the soil structure, make the soil porosity larger, the bulk density smaller, the water retention and air permeability increased, which is beneficial to expanding the root absorption range of camellia oleifera trees, laying a foundation for fully absorbing and utilizing bio - organic compound fertilizer in the future, enhancing the soil fertility improvement effect, promoting the deep - layer soil fertility, and increasing the soil nutrition.

[0028] 4. This application prepares a biological organic compound fertilizer mainly from agricultural waste, achieving the harmless treatment and efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources, increasing the nutrients of the compound fertilizer, and providing sufficient nutrients for camellia oleifera trees; by adding herbal ingredients, it can effectively improve the pest and disease resistance and stress resistance of camellia oleifera trees; by adding a compound microbial agent for fermentation, it promotes the full degradation of substances such as cellulose, dissolves the active ingredients in other raw materials, improves the nutrients of the compound fertilizer, makes each nutrient element more easily absorbed by plants, and improves the pest and disease resistance and stress resistance of camellia oleifera trees; by using a soil conditioner, it enhances soil activity and air permeability, effectively improves the soil structure, lays a foundation for the subsequent full absorption and utilization of the compound fertilizer, enhances the soil fertility improvement effect, and improves the deep soil fertility.

[0029] 5. While providing sufficient nutrients for camellia oleifera trees, the method of this application also effectively improves the soil environment, enhances the soil fertility improvement effect, realizes the synergistic effect of planting and breeding, forms a virtuous cycle, improves the soil fertility, and improves the sustainability of the entire ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for improving soil fertility in the three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode of camellia oleifera forest in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for improving soil fertility in the three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode of camellia oleifera forest includes the following steps:

[0033] S1. Forest land preparation: After the autumn harvest of camellia oleifera, deeply plow the land in the camellia oleifera forest once, break up the lumpy soil, clean the stones and weeds in the forest land, and open a semi-circular ring-shaped fertilization ditch along the outer edge projection of the tree crown, and apply biological organic compound fertilizer;

[0034] S2. Pest and disease control: Raise poultry under the camellia oleifera forest, and use the method of installing insect-trapping lights and spraying dimethoate solution at a dilution of 500-1000 times to control Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests;

[0035] S3. Compost preparation: After the forest land is prepared, collect the fallen leaves of camellia oleifera and the dead branches and leaves of pine needles, lay a layer of fallen leaves and then a layer of soil, then lay another layer of fallen leaves and then a layer of soil, layer by layer, water to keep it moist, and the thickness of each layer of soil or fallen leaves is 8-10 cm; then cover it with soil and let it naturally decompose for 2-3 months, and put earthworms in it;

[0036] S4. Ploughing: After the manure is decomposed, dissolve the soil conditioner in water and spray the soil. Then use agricultural machinery to turn the soil. Dig 3-5 radial furrows from the outer edge of the tree canopy inward. The furrows are 10-15cm long, 40-50cm wide, and 20-40cm deep. Change the position of the furrows every year, apply biological organic compound fertilizer into the furrows, and irrigate in time.

[0037] S5. Plant interplanting: Plant some peanuts and mung beans on both sides of the tea trees after plowing the land in late March to early April. Plant 4-5 rows of peanuts or mung beans between every two rows of tea trees, with a row spacing of 40-50 cm and a hole spacing of 15-20 cm.

[0038] S6, tilling the soil: after the peanuts and mung beans are harvested, the soil is tilled by agricultural machinery, 6-10 round holes with a depth of 45-50 cm and a diameter of 20-25 cm are vertically made on the land around the trunk of the oil tea tree, filled with soil conditioner, covered with dry plant mats, and then a layer of soil is spread and compacted, and the soil is left to stand for 5-10 days; the plant mats at the hole mouths are uncovered, and organic fertilizers for oil tea trees are mixed and applied into the round holes to 1 cm from the hole mouths, and the hole mouths are covered with dry plant mats, and then a layer of soil is spread and compacted until the oil tea trees bloom and bear fruit until the autumn of the following year. After the autumn harvest again, the operations of steps S1-S5 are repeated to realize the planting of crops and the breeding of poultry under the oil tea forest, which can not only expand the utilization rate of land, but also agricultural waste and breeding waste can be used as raw materials for preparing biological organic compound fertilizers, thereby realizing the harmless treatment and efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources, increasing the nutrition of compound fertilizers, providing sufficient nutrients for oil tea trees, and thus improving the sustainability of the entire ecosystem.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features: the preparation of biological organic compound fertilizer includes placing oil tea waste, rice husk powder, corn straw powder, herbal residue, and distiller's grains in a fermentation tank, adding a composite bacterial agent and water, mixing, and fermenting at 40-45°C, continuously supplying oxygen during the fermentation, stirring and turning the pile every 18 hours, and fermenting for a total of 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; then mixing the fermentation mixture evenly with poultry and livestock manure, placing it in a compost box for fermentation at 70-75°C, supplying oxygen through aeration during the fermentation, stirring and turning the pile every 48-72 hours, and fermenting for a total of 30-45 days to obtain a biological organic compound fertilizer.

[0040] In this embodiment, the bio-organic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 20-25 parts of camellia oleifera waste, 25-30 parts of rice husk powder, 30-35 parts of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts of distiller's grains, 10-20 parts of herbal residues, 1-5 parts of compound microbial agents, and 15-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure. The compound microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 15-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 35-40 parts of yeast, 55-60 parts of actinomycetes, 35-40 parts of pseudomonas, 20-25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15-20 parts of white rot fungi, etc. Thus, cellulose can be quickly decomposed, accelerating the degradation time; it can accelerate the decomposition and transformation of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and then release various nutrients necessary for plants. It can also improve the soil structure to a certain extent, making the soil loose, breathable, and water-retaining, thereby enhancing soil fertility; bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes work synergistically for comprehensive fermentation.

[0041] In this embodiment, the herbal residues are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 6-10 parts of dandelion, 2-5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8-12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6-12 parts of pyrethrum cinerariifolium, 1-5 parts of psoralea corylifolia, and 4-10 parts of ligusticum sinense. The production method of the herbal residues includes crushing dandelion, houttuynia cordata, scutellaria baicalensis, pyrethrum cinerariifolium, psoralea corylifolia, and ligusticum sinense and mixing them to obtain a herbal mixture; then adding 8-10 times the mass of water to the herbal mixture, soaking for 3-5 h, boiling and extracting for 3-4 h, and filtering to obtain a herbal extract and herbal residues. The volatile oil contained in houttuynia cordata can interfere with virus transmission and reduce systemic infections; dandelion contains polysaccharides and triterpenoids, which can relieve pathological damage to leaves; scutellaria baicalensis contains baicalin, which has antibacterial properties and can effectively inhibit soil diseases such as root rot; pyrethrum cinerariifolium contains pyrethrins, which can quickly knock down sucking pests; psoralea corylifolia contains coumarins, chalcones, flavonoids, monoterpene phenols, etc., which have antibacterial and insecticidal effects; ligusticum sinense contains volatile oil, ferulic acid, aromadendrene, bornyl acetate, etc., which have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. By compounding and fermenting the Chinese herbal residues in a certain proportion, the active ingredients in the Chinese herbs are dissolved, increasing the medicinal effect and promoting the growth of camellia oleifera trees.

[0042] In this embodiment, the soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials by weight: including 6-14 parts of herbal extract, 10-18 parts of pyrolysis liquid of camellia seed, 4-8 parts of chitosan, and 40-80 parts of water. The preparation method of the pyrolysis liquid of camellia seed is as follows: collect the camellia seed residue after squeezing out camellia oil, crush it, add an appropriate amount of water, and make it into particles by extrusion; pyrolyze the particles at 300-500 °C for 2-4 h, collect the gas-phase products, and the pyrolysis liquid of camellia seed residue can be obtained after condensation. The herbal extract has the functions of antiviral, antibacterial, insecticidal, etc.; the pyrolysis liquid of camellia seed contains rich organic acids, phenols, ketones, alcohols and other substances, which can increase the permeability of the soil, neutralize the soil salinity and alkalinity, increase the release of organic matter in the soil, and increase the fertility; chitosan can enhance the soil activity and air permeability, and prevent the phenomenon of soil compaction that may be caused by excessive fertilizer in the future. The soil conditioner prepared from the above components can effectively improve the soil structure, make the soil porosity larger, the bulk density smaller, and the water retention and air permeability increased, which is beneficial to expanding the root absorption range of camellia oleifera trees, laying a foundation for fully absorbing and utilizing bio-organic compound fertilizer in the future, enhancing the soil fertility improvement effect, enhancing the deep soil fertility, and increasing the soil nutrition.

[0043] In this embodiment, the production method of the special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera includes putting the residue after pyrolysis of camellia seed, rice husk powder, corn straw powder, herbal residue, and distiller's grains into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial agent and water, mixing evenly, fermenting at 40-45 °C, continuously supplying oxygen during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 15 h, and fermenting for 10-15 days in total to obtain a fermentation mixture; then mixing the fermentation mixture with livestock and poultry manure evenly, putting it into a composting box and fermenting at 70-75 °C, supplying oxygen through aeration during the period, stirring and turning the pile once every 48-72 h, and fermenting for 30-45 days in total to obtain the special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera. The special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera is composed of the following raw materials by weight: including 10-15 parts of the residue after pyrolysis of camellia seed, 20-25 parts of rice husk powder, 25-30 parts of corn straw powder, 20-25 parts of herbal residue, 10-15 parts of distiller's grains, 1-5 parts of compound microbial agent, and 15-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0044] The following is illustrated by specific examples.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The method for improving soil fertility in the three-dimensional circular planting and breeding mode of camellia oleifera forest includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Forest land arrangement: After the autumn harvest of camellia oleifera, deeply plow the land in the camellia oleifera forest once, break up the caked soil, clean the stones and weeds in the forest land, and dig a semi-circular ring-shaped fertilization ditch along the projection of the outer edge of the tree crown, and apply bio-organic compound fertilizer;

[0048] The biological organic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of oil-tea waste, 25 parts of rice husk powder, 30 parts of corn straw powder, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 10 parts of herbal residues, 1 part of compound microbial inoculum, and 15 parts of livestock and poultry manure; the oil-tea waste is fruit shells and some immature oil-tea fruits.

[0049] The compound microbial inoculum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of yeast, 55 parts of actinomycetes, 35 parts of pseudomonas, 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of white rot fungi, etc.;

[0050] The herbal residues are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of dandelion, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6 parts of pyrethrum, 1 part of psoralea corylifolia, and 4 parts of ligusticum sinense;

[0051] S2. Pest control: Raise poultry under the oil-tea trees, and use the method of installing insect-trapping lights and spraying dimethoate solution at a concentration of 500-1000 times to control Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests; when planting crops, raise chickens, ducks and geese in the planting area far away from the crops and keep them in captivity to avoid losses caused by poultry eating crops.

[0052] S3. Compost making: After the forest land is sorted, collect the fallen leaves of oil-tea trees and the dead branches and leaves of pine needles, lay a layer of fallen leaves and then a layer of soil, and then lay a layer of fallen leaves and a layer of soil again, layer by layer. Water to keep it moist. The thickness of each layer of soil or fallen leaves is 8-10 cm; then cover it with soil and let it decompose naturally for 2-3 months, and put earthworms in it;

[0053] S4. Plowing: After the compost is decomposed, dissolve the soil conditioner in water and spray it on the soil, and then use agricultural machinery to turn the soil. Open 3-5 radial ditches from the outside of the tree crown to the inside. The ditches are 10-15 cm long, 40-50 cm wide and 20-40 cm deep. Change the position of the ditches every year, apply the biological organic compound fertilizer into the ditches, and irrigate in time;

[0054] The soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of herbal extract, 10 parts of oil-tea seed pyrolysis liquid, 4 parts of chitosan, and 40 parts of water;

[0055] S5. Intercropping: Plant some peanuts and mung bean plants on both sides of the oil-tea trees after plowing at the end of March to early April. Plant 4-5 rows of peanuts or mung beans between every two rows of oil-tea trees. The row spacing is 40-50 cm and the hole spacing is 15-20 cm;

[0056] S6. Plowing: After harvesting peanuts and mung beans, plow the land with agricultural implements. Make 6 - 10 round holes with a depth of 45 - 50 cm and a diameter of 20 - 25 cm vertically on the land around the trunk of the camellia oleifera tree. Fill the holes with soil conditioner, cover the hole openings with dry plant mats, then spread a layer of soil and compact it. Let it stand for 5 - 10 days. Uncover the plant mats at the hole openings, stir the special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera evenly and apply it into the round holes until 1 cm from the hole openings. Cover the hole openings with dry plant mats, then spread a layer of soil and compact it. Until the camellia oleifera tree blossoms, bears fruit until the autumn harvest of the next year. After the autumn harvest again, repeat the operations of steps S1 - S5.

[0057] The special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera consists of the following raw materials by weight: including 10 parts of the residue after pyrolysis of camellia oleifera seeds, 20 parts of rice husk powder, 25 parts of corn straw powder, 20 parts of herbal residues, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 1 part of compound microbial agent, and 15 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0060] The biological organic compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials by weight: including 20 - 25 parts of camellia oleifera waste, 28 parts of rice husk powder, 33 parts of corn straw powder, 12 parts of distiller's grains, 15 parts of herbal residues, 3 parts of compound microbial agent, and 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0061] The compound microbial agent consists of the following raw materials by weight: including 18 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 22 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 38 parts of yeast, 57 parts of actinomycetes, 37 parts of pseudomonas, 23 parts of bacillus subtilis, 18 parts of white rot fungi, etc.

[0062] The herbal residues consist of the following raw materials by weight: including 8 parts of dandelion, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 10 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 9 parts of pyrethrum, 3 parts of psoralea corylifolia, and 7 parts of ligusticum sinense.

[0063] The soil conditioner consists of the following raw materials by weight: including 10 parts of herbal extract, 14 parts of pyrolysis liquid of camellia oleifera seeds, 6 parts of chitosan, and 55 parts of water.

[0064] The special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera consists of the following raw materials by weight: including 13 parts of the residue after pyrolysis of camellia oleifera seeds, 225 parts of rice husk powder, 28 parts of corn straw powder, 22 parts of herbal residues, 13 parts of distiller's grains, 3 parts of compound microbial agent, and 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0067] The biological organic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 25 parts of oil-tea waste, 30 parts of rice husk powder, 35 parts of corn straw powder, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 20 parts of herbal residue, 5 parts of compound microbial inoculum, and 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0068] The compound microbial inoculum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 40 parts of yeast, 60 parts of actinomycetes, 40 parts of pseudomonas, 25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of white rot fungi, etc.

[0069] The herbal residue is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 10 parts of dandelion, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 12 parts of pyrethrum cinerariifolium, 5 parts of psoralea corylifolia, and 10 parts of ligusticum sinense.

[0070] The soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 14 parts of herbal extract, 18 parts of thermally decomposed oil-tea seed liquid, 8 parts of chitosan, and 80 parts of water.

[0071] The special organic fertilizer for oil-tea is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: including 15 parts of residue after thermal decomposition of oil-tea seeds, 25 parts of rice husk powder, 30 parts of corn straw powder, 25 parts of herbal residue, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 5 parts of compound microbial inoculum, and 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] The difference between this example and Example 2 is that no plants are planted or poultry are raised in the oil-tea forest.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The difference between this example and Example 2 is that the biological organic compound fertilizer is not applied, and a commercially available organic compound fertilizer is applied.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] The difference between this example and Example 2 is that the soil conditioner is not applied.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] The difference between this example and Example 2 is that the special organic fertilizer for oil-tea is not applied, and a commercially available organic compound fertilizer is applied.

[0080] Randomly select 100 oil-tea fruits for physical and chemical property tests, and take the average diameter, weight, and oil yield of 100 oil-tea fruits. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0081] Table 1 Average diameter, weight, and oil yield of 100 oil-tea fruits

[0082]

[0083] Through tests, it can be known that: the oil-tea fruits obtained in Examples 1-3 in this oil-tea forest are significantly superior to those in Comparative Examples 1-4. The method of the present application not only provides sufficient nutrients for the oil-tea trees, but also effectively improves the soil environment, enhances the soil fertility improvement effect, realizes the synergistic effect of planting and breeding, forms a virtuous cycle, improves the soil fertility and at the same time improves the sustainability of the entire ecosystem.

[0084] On the premise of not occurring conflicts, those skilled in the art can freely combine and superimpose the above-mentioned additional technical features.

[0085] It can be understood that the present invention is described through some embodiments. Those skilled in the art know that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or equivalent replacements can be made to these features and embodiments. In addition, under the teaching of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present application belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation breeding mode of oil tea forest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Forest land preparation: After the autumn harvest of oil tea, deep plowing is carried out in the oil tea forest to break up the lumpy soil, clear the stones and weeds in the forest, and dig a semicircular fertilizer ditch along the outer edge of the tree canopy to apply biological organic compound fertilizer; S2. Pest and disease control: raising poultry under the oil tea forest, installing insect traps and spraying 500-1000 times dimethoate solution to control lepidoptera and coleoptera pests; S3. Composting: After the forest land is prepared, collect the dead branches and leaves of tea oil leaves and pine needles, spread a layer of fallen leaves and a layer of soil, then a layer of fallen leaves and a layer of soil, one layer after another, and water to keep it moist. The thickness of each layer of soil or fallen leaves is 8-10cm; then cover the top with soil, let it decompose naturally for 2-3 months, and add earthworms; S4. Ploughing: After the manure is decomposed, dissolve the soil conditioner in water and spray the soil. Then use agricultural machinery to turn the soil. Dig 3-5 radial furrows from the outer edge of the tree canopy inward. The furrows are 10-15cm long, 40-50cm wide, and 20-40cm deep. Change the position of the furrows every year, apply biological organic compound fertilizer into the furrows, and irrigate in time. S5. Plant interplanting: Plant some peanuts and mung beans on both sides of the tea trees after plowing the land in late March to early April. Plant 4-5 rows of peanuts or mung beans between every two rows of tea trees, with a row spacing of 40-50 cm and a hole spacing of 15-20 cm. S6. Tilling the soil: After the peanuts and mung beans are harvested, the soil is tilled by agricultural machinery. 6-10 round holes with a depth of 45-50 cm and a diameter of 20-25 cm are made vertically on the land around the trunk of the oil tea tree. The holes are filled with soil conditioner, and the hole openings are covered with dry plant mats. A layer of soil is spread and compacted, and the soil is left to stand for 5-10 days. The plant mats at the hole openings are uncovered, and organic fertilizer specially used for oil tea trees is mixed and evenly applied into the round holes to 1 cm from the hole openings. The hole openings are covered with dry plant mats, and a layer of soil is spread and compacted. The soil is left to stand until the oil tea tree blooms and bears fruit until the autumn harvest next year. After the autumn harvest again, steps S1-S5 are repeated.

2. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the biological organic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing oil tea waste, rice husk powder, corn stalk powder, herbal residue, and distiller's grains in a fermentation tank, adding a composite bacterial agent and water, mixing well, and fermenting at 40-45° C., continuously supplying oxygen during the fermentation, stirring and turning the pile every 18 hours, and fermenting for 10-15 days in total to obtain a fermentation mixture; then evenly mixing the fermentation mixture with poultry and livestock manure, placing the mixture in a composting box for fermentation at 70-75° C., supplying oxygen through aeration during the fermentation, stirring and turning the pile every 48-72 hours, and fermenting for 30-45 days in total to obtain the biological organic compound fertilizer.

3. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biological organic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of oil-tea waste, 25-30 parts of rice husk powder, 30-35 parts of corn stalk powder, 10-15 parts of wine lees, 10-20 parts of herbal medicine residues, 1-5 parts of compound bacterial agent, and 15-25 parts of poultry and livestock manure.

4. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: one or more of 15-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 35-40 parts of yeasts, 55-60 parts of actinomycetes, 35-40 parts of pseudomonas, 20-25 parts of bacillus subtilis, and 15-20 parts of white rot fungi.

5. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 3, characterized in that: The herbal medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of dandelion, 2-5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8-12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6-12 parts of pyrethrum, 1-5 parts of psoralea corylifolia and 4-10 parts of ligusticum chuanxiong.

6. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing the herbal residue comprises the steps of crushing and mixing dandelion, houttuynia cordata, scutellaria baicalensis, pyrethrum, psoralea corylifolia and ligusticum chuanxiong to obtain a herbal mixture; then adding 8-10 times the mass of water to the herbal mixture, soaking for 3-5 hours, boiling and extracting for 3-4 hours, filtering to obtain a herbal extract and herbal residue.

7. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-14 parts of herbal extract, 10-18 parts of pyrolysis liquid of camellia seeds, 4-8 parts of chitosan and 40-80 parts of water.

8. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the tea seed pyrolysis liquid is as follows: collecting tea seed residue after pressing tea oil, crushing, adding a proper amount of water, and extruding to form particles; pyrolyzing the particles at 300-500° C. for 2-4 hours, collecting gas phase products, and condensing to obtain the tea seed residue pyrolysis liquid.

9. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing organic fertilizer for oil tea comprises the following steps: placing residues after pyrolysis of oil tea seeds, rice husk powder, corn stalk powder, herbal medicine residues and distiller's grains in a fermentation tank, adding a composite bacterial agent and water, mixing well, fermenting at 40-45° C., continuously supplying oxygen during the fermentation, stirring and turning the compost every 15 hours, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; then evenly mixing the fermentation mixture with livestock manure, placing the mixture in a compost bin for fermentation at 70-75° C., supplying oxygen through aeration during the fermentation, stirring and turning the compost every 48-72 hours, and fermenting for 30-45 days to obtain an organic fertilizer for oil tea trees.

10. The method for improving soil fertility in a three-dimensional circulation cultivation mode of oil tea forest according to claim 9, characterized in that: The special organic fertilizer for oil tea is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of residue after pyrolysis of oil tea seeds, 20-25 parts of rice husk powder, 25-30 parts of corn stalk powder, 20-25 parts of herbal medicine residue, 10-15 parts of wine lees, 1-5 parts of composite bacterial agent, and 15-25 parts of poultry and livestock manure.

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