Continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding lamination equipment and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding and laser 3D printing, and relates to continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding lamination equipment and method. The equipment comprises a sealed cabin body, a cladding head movement mechanism, a workbench movement mechanism, a grabbing mechanism, a guide device, a shearing device, a wire feeding device, an inert gas circulation system and the like. During working, firstly, a wire is clamped and dragged to the other end of the workbench through the grabbing mechanism, meanwhile, the wire is clamped through the clamping jaw at the feeding end, and at the moment, the wire is in the two-end clamping state; secondly, a Z-axis driver drives the workbench to slightly ascend so that the wire can be tightly attached to the base plate, and then laser cladding is started along the X axis; and thirdly, the wire is cut off through a cutting device, the workbench is moved forwards by 1-2 mm through a Y-axis driver, and stacking forming is conducted in a reciprocating mode. According to the method, rapid forming of the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite can be achieved, and additive manufacturing of the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite in a complex shape can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of laser cladding and laser 3D printing, and relates to a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding laminated device and method. Background Art

[0002] Continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites are a relatively popular type of new composite material in recent years. By taking advantage of the performance advantages of single-filament fibers such as high strength, high modulus, and low density, and adding them to metals to form composite materials, higher specific strength, specific stiffness, and more excellent comprehensive properties such as fatigue resistance and creep resistance can be obtained. For example, compared with traditional titanium alloys, its high-temperature strength can be increased by more than 50%, and can be increased by up to 1 time at most. Therefore, fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composites have now become a key structural material urgently needed for the development of advanced equipment manufacturing technologies, and have clear application prospects in the fields of aviation, aerospace, deep sea, etc.

[0003] At present, abroad, SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites have been made into integral bladed rings for aeroengines, low-pressure turbine shafts, aircraft landing gear support arms, high-speed aircraft wing surfaces, truss structures, etc., achieving significant weight reduction and strengthening effects.

[0004] In recent years, the structural forms of fiber reinforced metal matrix composites have become more complex and diverse, and the types of matrix materials required have also developed from titanium-based to nickel-based, aluminum-based, etc. However, in the face of the research and development needs of new structural components and new materials, there are still many deficiencies in the technical capabilities of traditional preparation methods for fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, mainly including: complex preparation processes, long process flows, high costs, and great difficulties in the preparation of alloy foils and preforms. The most crucial thing is that all existing methods cannot do without the high-temperature densification forming process, and the large deformation (20% - 30%) generated during the process is extremely likely to cause fiber fracture. In addition, in the research and development of new materials, traditional preparation processes have also encountered challenges. For example, for SiC fiber reinforced Ni-based superalloys, SiC and Ni will react violently in a high-temperature environment, causing large-area damage to the fibers. Although coatings such as H f C and Al2O3 have been proven to effectively hinder the interfacial reaction, during the high-temperature densification deformation process, the coatings are prone to breakage and peeling, so the fiber damage problem still cannot be effectively solved at present.

[0005] At present, a variety of forming processes have been developed in additive manufacturing technology. Generally speaking, in terms of heat sources, lasers and electron beams are the main ones. In terms of raw material supply methods, it can include powder feeding, wire feeding, and tape feeding. The existing additive manufacturing technology can realize the printing of metals, non-metals, and biomedical materials, but mostly focuses on printing single materials. Although there have been precedents for printing particle-reinforced metal matrix composites and resin matrix composites using additive manufacturing technology before, there is still a lack of implementation methods and manufacturing equipment for the 3D printing of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding lamination equipment and method based on the principle of additive manufacturing, combining laminated object manufacturing technology and laser cladding deposition manufacturing technology, so as to provide technical reserves and condition guarantees for the development of high-performance fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding lamination equipment mainly includes a sealed cabin body, a cladding head movement mechanism, a grasping mechanism, a workbench movement mechanism, a wire feeding device, a guiding device, a shearing device, an inert gas circulation system, a powder feeder, and a laser. The specific structure is as follows:

[0009] The workbench movement mechanism is installed on the top of the lower column of the frame through a flat plate. The cladding head movement mechanism is located behind the workbench movement mechanism. The cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism corresponds to the substrate of the workbench movement mechanism. The grasping mechanism is located in front of the workbench movement mechanism. The shearing device, the guiding device, and the wire feeding device are arranged in sequence on one side of the workbench movement mechanism. The part of the workbench movement mechanism above the flat plate is covered by the sealed cabin body. The inert gas circulation system is located at the lower part of the equipment. The powder feeder and the laser are placed outside the equipment. The powder feeder is connected to the cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism through a hose. The laser is connected to the laser input interface of the cladding head through optical fiber transmission.

[0010] For the above-mentioned continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding lamination equipment, the sealed cabin body includes a water and oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor, a visible cabin door, and side cabin doors. The water and oxygen content sensor and the pressure sensor are set on the top of the cabin body. A visible cabin door is provided on the front of the sealed cabin body. Side cabin doors and an equipment operation-display module are respectively provided on both sides of the sealed cabin body. The side cabin door is on the same side as the wire feeding device.

[0011] The laser cladding laminated equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites described above, the cladding head movement mechanism includes a first mounting frame crossbeam, an adapter plate, a first single-axis driver, a cladding head and a laser input interface. The first mounting frame crossbeam is installed on the tops of two rear columns. The first single-axis driver is horizontally installed on the first mounting frame crossbeam. The cladding head is vertically installed on the first single-axis driver through the adapter plate. A laser input interface connected to the laser through optical fiber transmission is provided at the upper end of the cladding head;

[0012] The metal powder sent by the powder feeder is connected to the cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism through a hose. The laser emitted by the laser is transmitted through optical fiber and connected to the laser input interface of the cladding head. The cladding head is a laser coaxial powder feeding or laser side-axis powder feeding cladding head, and the powder feeding amount is 2 g / min to 10 g / min. The laser power of the laser is 500 to 3000 W, and the laser mode is continuous or pulsed.

[0013] The laser cladding laminated equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites described above, the workbench movement mechanism includes a workbench, a substrate, a second single-axis driver, a first driver mounting plate, a first guide post, a telescopic cylinder, a sealing flange, a flat plate, a second guide post, and an ultrasonic generator. The sealing flange is installed at the center of the top of the flat plate. The telescopic cylinder is installed at the center of the bottom of the flat plate. The telescopic cylinder and the sealing flange are opposite to each other up and down. The telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder passes through the central hole of the sealing flange. The first guide post and the second guide post are symmetrically arranged on the flat plate on both sides of the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder respectively. The first driver mounting plate is installed at the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder, the first guide post and the second guide post. The second single-axis driver is installed on the first driver mounting plate. The workbench is installed on the moving slider of the second single-axis driver. The substrate is installed on the workbench by screws. The ultrasonic generator is installed at the bottom of the workbench, on both sides of the second single-axis driver. The vertical movement of the workbench and the substrate is realized through the telescopic cylinder, the first guide post and the second guide post.

[0014] The laser cladding laminated equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites described above, the grasping mechanism includes a second mounting frame crossbeam, a second driver mounting plate, a third single-axis driver, a cylinder adapter, and a first pneumatic gripper. The second mounting frame crossbeam is installed on the tops of two front columns. The third single-axis driver is installed on the second driver mounting plate. The second driver mounting plate is fixed to the second mounting frame crossbeam. The cylinder adapter is installed on the slider of the third single-axis driver. The first pneumatic gripper is installed at the front end of the cylinder adapter. The first pneumatic gripper is driven by the third single-axis driver to make a reciprocating linear motion. The grasping action and dragging action of the first pneumatic gripper on the wire are realized through the compressed air source.

[0015] The described laser cladding laminate equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, the guiding device includes a mounting plate, a second pneumatic gripper, a pressing strip, a guiding block mounting seat, a guiding block, and a connecting strip. The second pneumatic gripper is installed on one side of the vertical mounting plate. The second pneumatic gripper realizes clamping and loosening through a compressed air source. A connecting strip is provided on the other side of the mounting plate. The guiding block mounting seat is installed on one side of the connecting strip. A pressing strip is provided on the top of the guiding block mounting seat. The guiding block is installed in the groove of the guiding block mounting seat and is pressed by the pressing strip. The guiding block is drilled with uniformly arranged guiding holes. The wire is threaded through the guiding holes of the guiding block. The diameter of the guiding holes is 100 - 150 microns, the hole pitch is 100 - 300 microns, and the number of uniformly arranged guiding holes is 4 - 10.

[0016] The described laser cladding laminate equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, the shearing device includes a first cylinder mounting plate, a first telescopic cylinder, an upper shearing plate, a lower shearing plate, a second cylinder mounting plate, a second telescopic cylinder, a second guide rail slider, a guide rail, a first guide rail slider, and a shearing device mounting plate. The upper shearing plate and the lower shearing plate are respectively installed on the first guide rail slider and the second guide rail slider. The first guide rail slider and the second guide rail slider are slidably connected to the guide rail. The guide rail is vertically installed in the central position groove of the shearing device mounting plate. A first cylinder mounting plate is provided above the upper shearing plate on the shearing device mounting plate. A second cylinder mounting plate is provided below the lower shearing plate on the shearing device mounting plate. The first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are respectively installed on the first cylinder mounting plate and the second cylinder mounting plate, and are respectively connected to the upper shearing plate and the lower shearing plate through the telescopic ends. The upper shearing plate and the lower shearing plate are driven to move relatively up and down by the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder respectively to realize the shearing of the wire.

[0017] The described laser cladding laminate equipment for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, the wire feeding device includes a rotating shaft crank, a left sliding support, a wire feeding rotating shaft, a right sliding support, a wire feeding disk key, a right mounting seat, a left mounting seat, and a wire feeding disk. The left mounting seat and the right mounting seat are arranged oppositely. The left sliding support and the right sliding support are respectively installed on the left mounting seat and the right mounting seat. The two ends of the horizontal wire feeding rotating shaft are respectively installed in the grooves of the left sliding support and the right sliding support. The wire feeding disk is sleeved on the wire feeding rotating shaft. The rotating shaft crank is installed at one end of the wire feeding rotating shaft. The wire feeding rotating shaft is rotated by rotating the rotating shaft crank. The wire feeding disk key is inserted into the other end of the wire feeding rotating shaft;

[0018] A through groove is provided axially on the wire feeding rotating shaft. The wire feeding disk key is inserted through the through groove. One end of the wire feeding disk key is provided with a key handle, and the other end is provided with a protruding square block. A groove is provided in the central circular hole of the wire feeding disk. The protruding square block of the wire feeding disk key is inserted into the groove of the wire feeding disk to fix the wire feeding disk on the wire feeding rotating shaft. When the rotating shaft crank is rotated, the wire feeding disk rotates, and the wire is continuously wound on the wire feeding disk.

[0019] For the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding laminate equipment described above, the inert gas circulation system includes a blower, an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, a copper catalyst, and a molecular sieve. The blower, copper catalyst, and molecular sieve are all installed on the top of the lower base plate at the bottom of the equipment. The blower is connected to the inside of the sealed cabin through the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe respectively. The intake pipe is provided with a molecular sieve, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a copper catalyst. The blower makes the gas flow inside the sealed cabin. The molecular sieve is responsible for dehydration, and the copper catalyst is responsible for removing a small amount of residual oxygen.

[0020] A continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding laminate method includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Rotate the shaft crank of the wire feeding device to pre-wind the fiber wire on each wire feeding disc.

[0022] Step 2: Pass the fiber wire on each wire feeding disc through the guiding holes of the guiding blocks in sequence and extend a certain distance to the cutting edges of the upper cutting plate and the lower cutting plate and be clamped by the second pneumatic clamp.

[0023] Step 3: Close each cabin door of the sealed cabin, and then fill it with inert gas to reduce the oxygen content inside the sealed cabin to below 1000 ppm.

[0024] Step 4: Turn on the inert gas circulation system to further reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm and remove the moisture in the gas at the same time.

[0025] Step 5: The first pneumatic clamp moves close to the second pneumatic clamp. The second pneumatic clamp releases, and the first pneumatic clamp clamps the fiber wire and drags it to the other side of the workbench. The second pneumatic clamp clamps the fiber wire again. At this time, the fiber wire is in a state of being clamped at both ends.

[0026] Step 6: Driven by the telescopic electric cylinder, the workbench first moves to the working reference plane where the substrate just touches the fiber wire, and then the workbench rises slightly by 0.1 - 0.5 mm to make the fiber wire tightly adhere to the substrate.

[0027] Step 7: The cladding head starts single-pass laser cladding to clad the fiber wire laid on the substrate into the metal. During the cladding process, the ultrasonic generator is turned on to remove the tiny bubbles entrained into the molten metal during the cladding process through ultrasonic vibration.

[0028] Step 8: The cutting device cuts the fiber wire. The workbench moves 1 - 2 mm outward and then moves down to the standby position at the same time. The grasping mechanism grabs the fiber wire again, and repeat Steps 5 to 7.

[0029] Step 9: After repeating Steps 5 to 8 to obtain a single-layer continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite, the workbench 1301 moves downward by a layer thickness of 0.1 - 0.5 mm, resets the working reference plane to the position where the upper surface of the cladding layer just touches the fiber wire, and starts the laser cladding of the next layer. Repeat Steps 5 to 8;

[0030] Step 10: Through layer-by-layer cladding and stacking, a complete continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite is finally formed.

[0031] The design concept of the present invention is:

[0032] Based on the additive manufacturing principle, the present invention develops the design of functions and devices such as automatic fiber placement, three-dimensional movement of the platform, ultrasonic-assisted gas escape, and inert atmosphere control, and develops a new composite material manufacturing device with a compact structure, reliable operation, and low cost, which can realize the additive manufacturing of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite structures.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0034] The laser cladding and stacking equipment for continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites of the present invention includes: a sealed cabin body, a cladding head movement mechanism, a workbench movement mechanism, a grasping mechanism, a guiding device, a shearing device, a wire feeding device, an inert gas circulation system, etc. The laser cladding and stacking method for continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites includes: Step 1, the grasping mechanism clamps and drags the wire to the other end of the workbench, and at the same time, the feeding end clamp clamps the wire tightly. At this time, the wire is in a state of being clamped at both ends; Step 2, the Z-axis driver drives the workbench to rise slightly so that the wire is tightly attached to the substrate, and then starts laser cladding along the X-axis; Step 3, the shearing device cuts the wire, the Y-axis driver moves the workbench forward by 1 - 2 mm, and the grasping mechanism grabs the wire again and repeats the work of Step 1. This process is repeated for stacking and forming.

[0035] Due to the adoption of the above equipment and method, the present invention can not only realize the rapid forming of continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites, but also realize the additive manufacturing of continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites with relatively complex shapes, filling the domestic and foreign blanks in this field. At the same time, it can solve the problem of fiber breakage caused by large deformation during the high-temperature densification forming process of the existing process of SiC fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composites, as well as the problem of fiber erosion damage caused by the SiC-Ni interface transition reaction, and the problem of difficulty in preparing metal alloy foil materials and precursor wire / precursor tape preforms. At the same time, it can also simplify the composite material preparation process and reduce the manufacturing cost. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram with a sealed cabin body;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure after removing the sealed cabin.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cladding head movement mechanism.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the workbench movement mechanism.

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grasping mechanism.

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guiding device.

[0042] Figure 7 It is a partial enlarged view of the guiding device.

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the guiding block.

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shearing device.

[0045] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding device structure without the wire feeding reel installed.

[0046] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding device structure with the wire feeding reel.

[0047] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding reel.

[0048] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding reel key.

[0049] The reference numerals are shown as:

[0050] 1. Sealed cabin, 2. Water and oxygen content sensor, 3. Pressure sensor, 4. Equipment operation - display module, 5. Visual cabin door, 6. Blower, 7. Copper catalyst, 8. Molecular sieve, 9. Frame (901 rear column, 902 front column, 903 lower column, 904 lower base plate), 10. Side cabin door;

[0051] 11. Cladding head movement mechanism, 1101. First mounting frame cross beam, 1102. Adapter plate, 1103. First single - axis driver, 1104. Cladding head, 1105. Laser input interface;

[0052] 12. Grasping mechanism, 1201. Second mounting frame cross beam, 1202. Second driver mounting plate, 1203. Third single - axis driver, 1204. Cylinder adapter, 1205. First pneumatic gripper;

[0053] 13. Workbench movement mechanism, 1301. Workbench, 1302. Substrate, 1303. Second single-axis driver, 1304. First driver mounting plate, 1305. First guiding column, 1306. Telescopic electric cylinder, 1307. Sealing flange, 1308. Flat plate, 1309. Second guiding column, 1310. Ultrasonic generator;

[0054] 14. Wire feeding device, 1401. Rotating shaft crank, 1402. Left sliding support, 1403. Wire feeding rotating shaft, 1404. Right sliding support, 1405. Wire feeding disk key, 1406. Right mounting seat, 1407. Left mounting seat, 1408. Wire feeding disk, 1409. Groove, 1410. Protruding block, 1411. Key handle;

[0055] 15. Guiding device, 1501. Mounting plate, 1502. Second pneumatic gripper, 1503. Pressure strip, 1504. Guide block mounting seat, 1505. Guide block, 1506. Connecting strip, 1507. Guide hole;

[0056] 16. Shearing device, 1601. First cylinder mounting plate, 1602. First telescopic cylinder, 1603. Upper shearing plate, 1604. Lower shearing plate, 1605. Second cylinder mounting plate, 1606. Second telescopic cylinder, 1607. Second guide rail slider, 1608. Guide rail, 1609. First guide rail slider, 1610. Shearing device mounting plate. Detailed implementation mode

[0057] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] Embodiment

[0059] Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the present invention proposes a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding laminated device, which mainly includes a sealed cabin body 1, an equipment operation-display module 4, a frame 9, a cladding head movement mechanism 11, a grasping mechanism 12, a workbench movement mechanism 13, a wire feeding device 14, a guiding device 15, a shearing device 16, an inert gas circulation system, a powder feeder and a laser. The specific structure is as follows:

[0060] The frame 9 is a combined structure consisting of rear columns 901, front columns 902, lower columns 903, and lower base plates 904 from top to bottom. Four lower columns 903 are installed at the four corners of the lower base plate 904. The flat plate 1308 of the workbench movement mechanism 13 is horizontally installed at the top of the lower columns 903. Two rear columns 901 are installed at the two rear corners of the flat plate 1308, and two front columns 902 are installed at the two front corners of the flat plate 1308.

[0061] The workbench movement mechanism 13 is installed at the top of the lower columns 903 of the frame 9 through the flat plate 1308. The cladding head movement mechanism 11 is located behind the workbench movement mechanism 13. The cladding head movement mechanism 11 corresponds to the substrate 1302 of the workbench movement mechanism 13 through the cladding head 1104. The gripping mechanism 12 is located in front of the workbench movement mechanism 13. The shearing device 16, the guiding device 15, and the wire feeding device 14 are arranged in sequence on one side of the workbench movement mechanism 13. The part above the flat plate 1308 of the workbench movement mechanism 13 is covered by the sealed cabin 1. The inert gas circulation system is located at the lower part of the equipment. The equipment operation - display module 4 is located on the side of the sealed cabin 1, and the equipment operation - display module 4 can operably control the operation of the equipment.

[0062] The inert gas circulation system includes a blower 6, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a copper catalyst 7, and a molecular sieve 8. The blower 6, the copper catalyst 7, and the molecular sieve 8 are all installed on the top of the lower base plate 904 at the bottom of the equipment. The blower 6 is connected to the inside of the sealed cabin 1 through the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe respectively. The molecular sieve 8 is provided on the inlet pipe, and the copper catalyst 7 is provided on the outlet pipe. The blower 6 can make the gas inside the sealed cabin 1 flow. The molecular sieve 8 is responsible for dehydration, and the copper catalyst 7 is responsible for removing a small amount of residual oxygen.

[0063] The sealed cabin 1 includes a water - oxygen content sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3, a visual cabin door 5, and a side cabin door 10. The front of the sealed cabin 1 is provided with a visual cabin door 5, and the side of the sealed cabin 1 is provided with a side cabin door 10, and it is on the same side as the wire feeding device 14. Before the equipment works, the side cabin door 10 can be opened to neatly wind the wire materials required for product preparation on the wire feeding disk 1408 of the wire feeding device 14. During the operation of the equipment, the working state inside the cabin can be observed through the visual cabin door 5. The water - oxygen content sensor 2 and the pressure sensor 3 are set on the top of the cabin body to real - time monitor the water - oxygen content and pressure values inside the cabin body, ensuring a working environment with low oxygen, low water, and stable pressure inside the cabin body.

[0064] The powder feeder and the laser are placed outside the equipment. The metal powder sent out by the powder feeder is connected to the cladding head 1104 of the cladding head movement mechanism 11 through a hose. The laser emitted by the laser is transmitted through an optical fiber and connected to the laser input interface 1105 of the cladding head 1104. The laser power of the laser is 500 - 3000W, and the laser mode can be continuous or pulsed.

[0065] Refer to Figure 3 , the cladding head movement mechanism 11 includes a first mounting frame cross beam 1101, an adapter plate 1102, a first single-axis driver 1103, a cladding head 1104, and a laser input interface 1105. The first mounting frame cross beam 1101 is installed on the tops of two rear columns 901. The first single-axis driver 1103 is horizontally installed on the first mounting frame cross beam 1101. The cladding head 1104 is vertically installed on the first single-axis driver 1103 through the adapter plate 1102. The upper end of the cladding head 1104 is provided with a laser input interface 1105 that is connected to the laser through optical fiber transmission. Through the horizontal movement of the first single-axis driver 1103, the cladding head 1104 can realize horizontal reciprocating movement along the X-axis on the substrate 1302.

[0066] The cladding head 1104 can be a laser coaxial powder feeding or laser off-axis powder feeding cladding head, and the powder feeding amount is usually 2 g / min to 10 g / min.

[0067] Refer to Figure 4 , the workbench movement mechanism 13 includes a workbench 1301, a substrate 1302, a second single-axis driver 1303, a first driver mounting plate 1304, a first guide post 1305, a telescopic cylinder 1306, a sealing flange 1307, a flat plate 1308, a second guide post 1309, and an ultrasonic generator 1310. The sealing flange 1307 is installed at the center of the top of the flat plate 1308. The telescopic cylinder 1306 is installed at the center of the bottom of the flat plate 1308. The telescopic cylinder 1306 and the sealing flange 1307 are opposite to each other up and down. The telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 1306 passes through the central hole of the sealing flange 1307. The first guide post 1305 and the second guide post 1309 are symmetrically arranged on the flat plate 1308 on both sides of the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 1306 respectively. The first driver mounting plate 1304 is installed at the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 1306 and the first guide post 1305 and the second guide post 1309. The second single-axis driver 1303 is installed on the first driver mounting plate 1304. The workbench 1301 is installed on the moving slider of the second single-axis driver 1303. The substrate 1302 is installed on the workbench 1301 by screws. Through the telescopic cylinder 1306 and the first guide post 1305 and the second guide post 1309, the lifting movement of the workbench 1301 and the substrate 1302 can be realized and the non-shaking can be ensured. The ultrasonic generator 1310 is installed at the bottom of the workbench 1301 and on both sides of the second single-axis driver 1303.

[0068] Driven by the telescopic cylinder 1306, the workbench 1301 and the substrate 1302 can realize movement in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction); at the same time, driven by the second single-axis driver 1303, the workbench 1301 and the substrate 1302 can realize movement in the Y-axis direction.

[0069] Referring to Figure 5 - Figure 6 , the grasping mechanism 12 includes a second mounting frame cross beam 1201, a second driver mounting plate 1202, a third single-axis driver 1203, a cylinder adapter 1204, and a first pneumatic gripper 1205. The second mounting frame cross beam 1201 is installed on the tops of two front columns 902. The third single-axis driver 1203 is installed on the second driver mounting plate 1202, and the second driver mounting plate 1202 is fixed to the second mounting frame cross beam 1201. The cylinder adapter 1204 is installed on the slider of the third single-axis driver 1203, and the first pneumatic gripper 1205 is installed at the front end of the cylinder adapter 1204. By driving the first pneumatic gripper 1205 with the third single-axis driver 1203, it can perform reciprocating linear motion, and the first pneumatic gripper 1205 is powered by a compressed air source. In the present invention, an inert gas is used as the compressed air source, and through the compressed air source, the first pneumatic gripper 1205 can perform the grasping action and dragging action on the wire.

[0070] Referring to Figure 7 , the guiding device 15 includes a mounting plate 1501, a second pneumatic gripper 1502, a pressing strip 1503, a guide block mounting seat 1504, a guide block 1505, and a connecting strip 1506. The second pneumatic gripper 1502 is installed on one side of the vertical mounting plate 1501. The second pneumatic gripper 1502 realizes clamping and loosening through a compressed air source. A connecting strip 1506 is provided on the other side of the mounting plate 1501. The guide block mounting seat 1504 is installed on one side of the connecting strip 1506. A pressing strip 1503 is provided at the top of the guide block mounting seat 1504, and the guide block 1505 is installed in the groove of the guide block mounting seat 1504 and is pressed tightly by the pressing strip 1503.

[0071] Referring to Figure 8 , the guide block 1505 is drilled with uniformly arranged guide holes 1507. The wire passes through the guide holes 1507 of the guide block 1505 and corresponds to the clamping end of the second pneumatic gripper 1502, so that the wire first passes through the guide holes 1507 of the guide block 1505 and then passes through the second pneumatic gripper 1502. The diameter of the guide holes 1507 is 100 - 150 microns, the hole spacing is 100 - 300 microns, and the number of uniformly arranged guide holes 1507 is 4 - 10. The guide block 1505 can be flexibly replaced according to the diameter, arrangement spacing, and quantity requirements of different fiber wires.

[0072] Referring to Figure 9, the wire cutting device 16 includes a first cylinder mounting plate 1601, a first telescopic cylinder 1602, an upper cutting plate 1603, a lower cutting plate 1604, a second cylinder mounting plate 1605, a second telescopic cylinder 1606, a second guide rail slider 1607, a guide rail 1608, a first guide rail slider 1609, and a wire cutting device mounting plate 1610. The upper cutting plate 1603 and the lower cutting plate 1604 are respectively mounted on the first guide rail slider 1609 and the second guide rail slider 1607. The first guide rail slider 1609 and the second guide rail slider 1607 are slidably connected to the guide rail 1608. The guide rail 1608 is vertically mounted in the central position groove of the wire cutting device mounting plate 1610. Above the upper cutting plate 1603, there is a first cylinder mounting plate 1601 on the wire cutting device mounting plate 1610. Below the lower cutting plate 1604, there is a second cylinder mounting plate 1605 on the wire cutting device mounting plate 1610. The first telescopic cylinder 1602 and the second telescopic cylinder 1606 are respectively mounted on the first cylinder mounting plate 1601 and the second cylinder mounting plate 1605, and are respectively connected to the upper cutting plate 1603 and the lower cutting plate 1604 through the telescopic ends. By driving the upper cutting plate 1603 and the lower cutting plate 1604 to move relatively up and down through the first telescopic cylinder 1602 and the second telescopic cylinder 1606 respectively, the wire can be cut.

[0073] Refer to Figure 10 - Figure 13 , the wire feeding device 14 includes a rotating shaft crank 1401, a left sliding support 1402, a wire feeding rotating shaft 1403, a right sliding support 1404, a wire feeding disk key 1405, a right mounting seat 1406, a left mounting seat 1407, and a wire feeding disk 1408. The left mounting seat 1407 and the right mounting seat 1406 are arranged oppositely. The left sliding support 1402 and the right sliding support 1404 are respectively mounted on the left mounting seat 1407 and the right mounting seat 1406. Both ends of the horizontal wire feeding rotating shaft 1403 are respectively mounted in the grooves of the left sliding support 1402 and the right sliding support 1404. The wire feeding disk 1408 is sleeved on the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403. The rotating shaft crank 1401 is mounted at one end of the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403. By rotating the rotating shaft crank 1401, the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403 can be rotated, and the wire feeding disk key 1405 is inserted into the other end of the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403.

[0074] The axial machining of the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403 has a through groove, and the wire feeding disk key 1405 can be inserted through the groove; one end of the wire feeding disk key 1405 is a key handle 1411, and the other end is designed with a protruding square block 1410; the number of wire feeding disks 1408 can be increased or decreased according to requirements. A groove 1409 is machined in the central circular hole of the wire feeding disk 1408, and the protruding square block 1410 of the wire feeding disk key 1405 can be inserted into the groove 1409 of the wire feeding disk 1408. When the rotating shaft crank 1401 is rotated, the wire feeding disk 1408 in which the protruding square block 1410 of the wire feeding disk key 1405 is located will rotate accordingly.

[0075] Before the equipment starts to work, first insert the protruding square block 1410 at the front end of the wire feeding disk key 1405 into the groove 1409 of the corresponding wire feeding disk 1408 to fix the wire feeding disk 1408 to the wire feeding rotating shaft 1403. At this time, rotating the rotating shaft crank 1401 can make the wire feeding disk 1408 rotate, and the wire material can be continuously wound on the wire feeding disk 1408. By operating in this way successively, each wire feeding disk 1408 can be wound with enough wire material. After all the wire materials are prepared, pull out the wire feeding disk key 1405.

[0076] The number of wire feeding disks 1408 corresponds to the number of guide holes 1507 of the guide block 1505, and the wire material on each wire feeding disk 1408 is inserted into the corresponding guide hole 1507.

[0077] Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 13 , the present invention provides a product preparation method for a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite laser cladding laminate equipment, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1, rotate the rotating shaft crank 1401 of the wire feeding device 14 to pre-wind a certain length of fiber wire on each wire feeding disk 1408;

[0079] Step 2, sequentially pass the fiber wire on each wire feeding disk 1408 through the guide hole 1507 of the guide block 1505 and extend a certain distance to the edges of the upper shearing plate 1603 and the lower shearing plate 1604 and be clamped by the second pneumatic jaw 1502;

[0080] Step 3, close each hatch of the sealed cabin 1, then fill it with inert gas, and reduce the oxygen content in the sealed cabin 1 to below 1000 ppm;

[0081] Step 4, turn on the inert gas circulation system to further reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm, and at the same time remove the moisture in the gas;

[0082] Step Five: The first pneumatic gripper 1205 moves close to the second pneumatic gripper 1502. The second pneumatic gripper 1502 releases, and the first pneumatic gripper 1205 clamps the fiber filament and drags it to the other side of the workbench 1301. Then the second pneumatic gripper 1502 clamps the fiber filament again. At this time, the fiber filament is clamped at both ends.

[0083] Step Six: Driven by the telescopic electric cylinder 1306, the workbench 1301 first moves to the working reference plane (the position where the substrate 1302 just touches the fiber filament), and then the workbench 1301 rises slightly by 0.1 - 0.5 mm to make the fiber filament tightly adhere to the substrate 1302.

[0084] Step Seven: The cladding head 1104 starts single - pass laser cladding, melting the fiber filament laid on the substrate 1302 into the metal. During the cladding process, the ultrasonic generator 1310 is turned on to remove the tiny bubbles entrained in the metal liquid during the cladding process through ultrasonic vibration.

[0085] Step Eight: The cutting device 16 cuts the fiber filament. The workbench 1301 moves 1 - 2 mm outward and then moves downward to the standby position. The grasping mechanism 12 grabs the fiber filament again, and steps five to seven are repeated.

[0086] Step Nine: After repeating steps five to eight to obtain a single - layer continuous fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite material, the workbench 1301 moves downward by a layer thickness (0.1 - 0.5 mm), resets the working reference plane (the position where the upper surface of the cladding layer just touches the fiber filament), and starts the laser cladding of the next layer (repeating steps five to eight).

[0087] Step Ten: Through layer - by - layer cladding and stacking, a complete continuous fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite material is finally formed. The maximum size of the continuous fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite material that can be laser - cladded and formed by the present invention is 500×500×100 mm.

[0088] The implementation results show that based on the layered manufacturing principle of additive manufacturing technology (3D printing), the present invention combines the laminated object manufacturing technology (LOM) and the laser cladding deposition manufacturing technology (LCD) for the first time. In order to make up for the deficiencies of traditional preparation methods of fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite materials and solve the technical bottlenecks encountered in the research and development of new composite materials, this project proposes a new idea of using additive manufacturing technology to prepare composite materials, and develops a laser - cladding laminated composite additive manufacturing equipment for continuous fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite materials. Utilizing the direct - forming characteristics of additive manufacturing to replace the high - temperature densification forming process in traditional processes can avoid large - degree deformation and is expected to solve the problem of fiber damage. In addition, additive manufacturing also has advantages such as unrestricted matrix types, low cost, and short cycle, which well conforms to the development trend of fiber - reinforced metal - matrix composite material manufacturing technology.

Claims

1. A laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, characterized in that, The device mainly includes a sealed cabin body, a cladding head movement mechanism, a grasping mechanism, a workbench movement mechanism, a wire feeding device, a guiding device, a shearing device, an inert gas circulation system, a powder feeder, and a laser. The specific structure is as follows: The workbench movement mechanism is installed on the top of the lower column of the frame through a flat plate. The cladding head movement mechanism is located behind the workbench movement mechanism. The cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism corresponds to the substrate of the workbench movement mechanism. The grasping mechanism is located in front of the workbench movement mechanism. The shearing device, the guiding device, and the wire feeding device are arranged in sequence on one side of the workbench movement mechanism. The part above the flat plate of the workbench movement mechanism is covered by the sealed cabin body. The inert gas circulation system is located at the lower part of the device. The powder feeder and the laser are placed outside the device. The powder feeder is connected to the cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism through a hose. The laser is connected to the laser input interface of the cladding head through optical fiber transmission.

2. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed cabin body includes a water and oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor, a visual cabin door, and side cabin doors. The water and oxygen content sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the top of the cabin body. A visual cabin door is provided on the front of the sealed cabin body. Side cabin doors and an equipment operation-display module are respectively provided on both sides of the sealed cabin body. The side cabin door is on the same side as the wire feeding device.

3. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cladding head movement mechanism includes a first mounting frame cross beam, an adapter plate, a first single-axis driver, a cladding head, and a laser input interface. The first mounting frame cross beam is installed on the top of two rear columns. The first single-axis driver is horizontally installed on the first mounting frame cross beam. The cladding head is vertically installed on the first single-axis driver through the adapter plate. A laser input interface connected to the laser through optical fiber transmission is provided at the upper end of the cladding head. The metal powder sent out by the powder feeder is connected to the cladding head of the cladding head movement mechanism through a hose. The laser emitted by the laser is connected to the laser input interface of the cladding head through optical fiber transmission. The cladding head is a laser coaxial powder feeding or laser off-axis powder feeding cladding head, and the powder feeding amount is 2 g / min to 10 g / min. The laser power of the laser is 500 to 3000 W, and the laser mode is continuous or pulsed.

4. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench movement mechanism includes a workbench, a substrate, a second single-axis driver, a first driver mounting plate, a first guiding column, a telescopic electric cylinder, a sealing flange, a flat plate, a second guiding column, and an ultrasonic generator. The sealing flange is installed at the center of the top of the flat plate. The telescopic electric cylinder is installed at the center of the bottom of the flat plate. The telescopic electric cylinder and the sealing flange are opposite to each other up and down. The telescopic end of the telescopic electric cylinder passes through the central hole of the sealing flange. The first guiding column and the second guiding column are symmetrically arranged on the flat plate on both sides of the telescopic end of the telescopic electric cylinder. The first driver mounting plate is installed on the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic electric cylinder, the first guiding column, and the second guiding column. The second single-axis driver is installed on the first driver mounting plate. The workbench is installed on the moving slider of the second single-axis driver. The substrate is installed on the workbench through screws. The ultrasonic generator is installed at the bottom of the workbench and on both sides of the second single-axis driver. The vertical movement of the workbench and the substrate is realized through the telescopic electric cylinder, the first guiding column, and the second guiding column.

5. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grasping mechanism includes a second mounting frame cross beam, a second driver mounting plate, a third single-axis driver, a cylinder adapter, and a first pneumatic gripper. The second mounting frame cross beam is installed on the tops of two front columns. The third single-axis driver is installed on the second driver mounting plate, and the second driver mounting plate is fixed to the second mounting frame cross beam. The cylinder adapter is installed on the slider of the third single-axis driver, and the first pneumatic gripper is installed at the front end of the cylinder adapter. The first pneumatic gripper is driven by the third single-axis driver to perform reciprocating linear motion, and the grasping and dragging actions of the first pneumatic gripper on the wire are realized by compressed air source.

6. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding device includes a mounting plate, a second pneumatic gripper, a pressing strip, a guide block mounting seat, a guide block, and a connecting strip. The second pneumatic gripper is installed on one side of the vertical mounting plate. The second pneumatic gripper realizes clamping and loosening through a compressed air source. A connecting strip is provided on the other side of the mounting plate. The guide block mounting seat is installed on one side of the connecting strip, and a pressing strip is provided on the top of the guide block mounting seat. The guide block is installed in the groove of the guide block mounting seat and is pressed by the pressing strip; the guide block is drilled with uniformly arranged guide holes, and the wire is threaded through the guide holes of the guide block. The diameter of the guide holes is 100 - 150 microns, the hole pitch is 100 - 300 microns, and the number of uniformly arranged guide holes is 4 - 10.

7. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wire cutting device includes a first cylinder mounting plate, a first telescopic cylinder, an upper cutting plate, a lower cutting plate, a second cylinder mounting plate, a second telescopic cylinder, a second guide rail slider, a guide rail, a first guide rail slider, and a wire cutting device mounting plate. The upper cutting plate and the lower cutting plate are respectively installed on the first guide rail slider and the second guide rail slider. The first guide rail slider and the second guide rail slider are slidably connected to the guide rail. The guide rail is installed vertically in the groove at the central position of the wire cutting device mounting plate. A first cylinder mounting plate is provided above the upper cutting plate on the wire cutting device mounting plate, and a second cylinder mounting plate is provided below the lower cutting plate on the wire cutting device mounting plate. The first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are respectively installed on the first cylinder mounting plate and the second cylinder mounting plate, and are respectively connected to the upper cutting plate and the lower cutting plate through the telescopic ends. The wire is cut by driving the upper cutting plate and the lower cutting plate to move relatively up and down by the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder respectively.

8. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wire feeding device includes a rotating shaft crank, a left sliding support, a wire feeding rotating shaft, a right sliding support, a wire feeding disk key, a right mounting seat, a left mounting seat, and a wire feeding disk. The left mounting seat and the right mounting seat are arranged oppositely. The left sliding support and the right sliding support are respectively installed on the left mounting seat and the right mounting seat. The two ends of the horizontal wire feeding rotating shaft are respectively installed in the grooves of the left sliding support and the right sliding support. The wire feeding disk is sleeved on the wire feeding rotating shaft. The rotating shaft crank is installed at one end of the wire feeding rotating shaft, and the wire feeding rotating shaft is rotated by rotating the rotating shaft crank. The wire feeding disk key is inserted into the other end of the wire feeding rotating shaft; An axially-through groove is provided on the wire-feeding rotating shaft, and the wire-feeding disk key is inserted through the axially-through groove. One end of the wire-feeding disk key is provided with a key handle, and the other end is provided with a protruding square block. A groove is provided in the central circular hole of the wire-feeding disk, and the protruding square block of the wire-feeding disk key is inserted into the groove of the wire-feeding disk to fix the wire-feeding disk to the wire-feeding rotating shaft. When the rotating shaft crank is rotated, the wire-feeding disk rotates to continuously wind the wire material on the wire-feeding disk.

9. The laser cladding lamination device for continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert gas circulation system includes a blower, an intake pipe, an outlet pipe, a copper catalyst, and a molecular sieve. The blower, the copper catalyst, and the molecular sieve are all installed on the top of the lower bottom plate at the bottom of the equipment. The blower is connected to the inside of the sealed cabin through the intake pipe and the outlet pipe respectively. The intake pipe is provided with a molecular sieve, and the outlet pipe is provided with a copper catalyst. The blower makes the gas in the sealed cabin flow, the molecular sieve is responsible for dehydration, and the copper catalyst is responsible for removing a small amount of residual oxygen.

10. A method for laser cladding lamination of continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, rotate the rotating shaft crank of the wire-feeding device to pre-wind the fiber wire on each wire-feeding disk; Step 2, sequentially pass the fiber wire on each wire-feeding disk through the guiding holes of the guiding blocks and extend a certain distance to the cutting edges of the upper cutting plate and the lower cutting plate and be clamped by the second pneumatic gripper; Step 3, close each hatch of the sealed cabin, and then fill it with inert gas to reduce the oxygen content in the sealed cabin to below 1000 ppm; Step 4, turn on the inert gas circulation system to further reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm and remove the moisture in the gas at the same time; Step 5, the first pneumatic gripper moves close to the second pneumatic gripper, the second pneumatic gripper releases, the first pneumatic gripper clamps the fiber wire and drags it to the other side of the workbench, and the second pneumatic gripper clamps the fiber wire again. At this time, the fiber wire is in a state of being clamped at both ends; Step 6, driven by the telescopic electric cylinder, the workbench first moves to the working reference plane where the substrate just touches the fiber wire, and then the workbench rises slightly by 0.1 - 0.5 mm to make the fiber wire tightly adhere to the substrate; Step 7, the cladding head starts single-pass laser cladding to clad the fiber wire laid on the substrate into the metal. During the cladding process, the ultrasonic generator is turned on to remove the tiny bubbles entrained into the molten metal during the cladding process through ultrasonic vibration; Step 8, the cutting device cuts the fiber wire, the workbench moves 1 - 2 mm outward and moves downward to the standby position at the same time, and the grasping mechanism grabs the fiber wire again, and repeat Steps 5 to 7; Step 9, repeat Steps 5 to 8. After obtaining a single-layer continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite material, the workbench 1301 moves downward by a layer thickness of 0.1 - 0.5 mm, reset the working reference plane to the position where the upper surface of the cladding layer just touches the fiber wire, and start the next layer of laser cladding, and repeat Steps 5 to 8; Step 10, through layer-by-layer cladding and stacking, finally form a complete continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite material.

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