High-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass

Abstract

The invention discloses high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass, and relates to the technical field of brass preparation, and the high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass comprises 0.001%-0.49% by mass of Sn, 25%-40% by mass of Zn, 0.05%-1.99% by mass of Pb, 0.01%-0.9% by mass of Ni, 0.5%-1.99% by mass of Al, 0.5%-2.99% by mass of Si, 0.5%-5% by mass of Mn, 0.01%-0.99% by mass of Fe, and the balance Cu; the total area ratio of the alpha phase and the beta phase accounts for more than 90% of the total area, and the alpha phase and the beta phase are combined into an alloy body; wherein the alpha phase is a solid solution rich in copper, and the beta phase is a solid solution formed under high Zn content; when the alloy body is melted and solidified, the average grain size of the macrostructure does not exceed 300 micrometers, excellent mechanical performance and abrasion resistance are achieved by accurately controlling alloy components and optimizing the microstructure, the abrasion resistance is remarkably improved, the service life is remarkably prolonged, and the alloy body is excellent in performance especially under the high-load condition. And ideal material selection is provided for high-performance gears and other key mechanical parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of brass preparation, especially high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass. Background Art

[0002] Brass is an alloy mainly composed of copper, usually containing a certain proportion of zinc. Depending on the proportion of zinc, brass can have different physical and mechanical properties. Brass is widely used in manufacturing various parts and ornaments due to its good workability, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. High-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass is a modified brass that enhances its strength, hardness, and wear resistance by adding other elements (such as manganese, silicon, lead, etc.).

[0003] In the field of brass preparation, traditional brass is prone to wear under high load and high-speed operation conditions, resulting in a shortened service life. Moreover, the tensile strength and yield strength of ordinary brass are relatively low, making it difficult to meet some application scenarios with high strength requirements. At the same time, due to the relatively high friction coefficient during the use of traditional brass, it is easy to cause energy loss and component overheating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass to solve the problems that traditional brass is prone to wear under high load and high-speed operation conditions, resulting in a shortened service life, and the tensile strength and yield strength of ordinary brass are relatively low.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass, which includes:

[0008] Sn: 0.001% - 0.49% by mass, Zn: 25% - 40% by mass, Pb: 0.05% - 1.99% by mass, Ni: 0.01% - 0.9% by mass, Al: 0.5% - 1.99% by mass, Si: 0.5% - 2.99% by mass, Mn: 0.5% - 5%, Fe: 0.01% - 0.99%, and Cu: the balance;

[0009] And satisfying the condition f0 = [Cu] + 0.5[Zn] - 3[Al] = 28 - 50, And

[0010] wherein, the content of element a is expressed as [a]% by mass;

[0011] It further includes:

[0012] The α-phase and the β-phase, with a combined area ratio of more than 90% of the total, are combined into an alloy body;

[0013] Among them, the α-phase is a copper-rich solid solution, and the β-phase is a solid solution formed under high Zn content;

[0014] When the alloy body is melted and solidified, the average grain size of the macroscopic structure does not exceed 300 μm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: based on 25% - 40% Zn and the balance Cu, adding 0.5% - 5% Mn, 0.5% - 2.99% Si and 0.05% - 1.99% Pb can form a hard-phase manganese silicide compound MnSi, and the hard-phase manganese silicide compound MnSi is dispersed in the copper-rich solid solution phase in the form of fine spherical particles or needles.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: the tensile strength of the alloy body is 540 N / mm 2 and above, the yield strength is 311 N / mm 2 and above, the elongation rate is 10% - 20%, and the hardness is between 140 and 159 HB.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: on the friction surface of the gear tooth surface made of the alloy body, the hard-phase manganese silicide compound MnSi particles exhibit a fine spherical or needle-like morphology and slightly protrude from the surface of the solid solution phase.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: the hard particles slightly protruding from the surface of the solid solution phase can form point contacts to effectively disperse pressure under load.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: the Pb element contained in the alloy body forms a lead film at the depressions on the friction surface, and the lead film is used to reduce the friction coefficient, thereby further improving the wear resistance of the material.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass described in the present invention, wherein: the microstructure is optimized by controlling the cooling rate during the melting and solidification process of the alloy, specifically:

[0021] Adopt a cooling strategy with a temperature reduction rate of 10 °C per minute;

[0022] During the cooling process, apply gradient cooling technology to cool gradually from the outside to the inside.

[0023] Application of high-strength and high-wear-resistant special high-strength brass. The high-strength and high-wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to castings, including gears, worm wheels, bearings, bushings, impellers, general mechanical parts, water-receiving metal parts or joints.

[0024] Application of high-strength and high-wear-resistant special high-strength brass. The high-strength and high-wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to plastically processed products, including springs for electronics and electrical appliances, switches, lead frames, connectors, bellows, fuse clamps, bushings, relays, gears, cams, joints, flanges, bearings, small screws, bolts, nuts, metal rings, tube sheets for heat exchangers, heat exchangers, wire meshes, marine nets, aquaculture nets, fishing nets, header materials, washers, condenser tubes for seawater, ship part shafts, ship seawater inlets or water-receiving metal parts.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By precisely controlling the alloy composition and optimizing the microstructure, excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are achieved, significantly improving the wear resistance and service life, especially showing excellent performance under high-load conditions, providing an ideal material choice for high-performance gears and other key mechanical components, not only solving the deficiencies of traditional materials in terms of wear resistance and strength, but also expanding their application scope. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The appearances of "in one embodiment" in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or selectively exclusive embodiments from other embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1, which is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides high-strength and high-wear-resistant special high-strength brass, including the following steps:

[0029] Sn: 0.001% - 0.49% by mass, Zn: 25% - 40% by mass, Pb: 0.05% - 1.99% by mass, Ni: 0.01% - 0.9% by mass, Al: 0.5% - 1.99% by mass, Si: 0.5% - 2.99% by mass, Mn: 0.5% - 5%, Fe: 0.01% - 0.99%, and Cu: the balance;

[0030] And satisfy the condition f0=[Cu]+0.5[Zn]-3[Al]=28-50, as well as

[0031] The content of element a is expressed as [a] mass %;

[0032] Also includes:

[0033] The α phase and the β phase, whose combined area ratio accounts for more than 90% of the total, are combined into an alloy body;

[0034] Among them, the α phase is a solid solution rich in copper, and the β phase is a solid solution formed at a high Zn content;

[0035] When the alloy body is melted and solidified, the average grain size of the macroscopic structure does not exceed 300 μm;

[0036] It should be noted that by controlling the proportion of each element, especially the addition amount of Mn, Si and Pb, a hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi can be formed. The hard phase is uniformly dispersed in the copper-rich solid solution, which not only enhances the overall hardness and wear resistance of the material, but also significantly improves its fatigue resistance. Microstructure optimization is crucial to ensure the long-term stable operation of mechanical components such as gears under high load conditions.

[0037] Based on 25% to 40% Zn and the balance Cu, adding 0.5% to 5% Mn, 0.5% to 2.99% Si and 0.05% to 1.99% Pb can form a hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi, wherein the hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi is dispersed in the copper-rich solid solution α phase in the form of fine spherical particles or needles;

[0038] It should be noted that hard particles of a specific shape can effectively disperse pressure under load and reduce local stress concentration, thereby extending the service life of parts. In addition, the particles slightly protrude from the surface of the matrix, increasing the actual contact area of ​​the friction surface and further improving wear resistance.

[0039] On the friction surface of the gear tooth surface made of the alloy body, the hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi particles present a fine spherical or needle-like morphology and slightly protrude from the surface of the solid solution α phase; the hard particles slightly protruding from the surface of the solid solution α phase can form point contact, which is used to effectively disperse the pressure under the action of load;

[0040] It should be noted that the design can make the gear tooth surface more stable when subjected to alternating loads, avoiding the wear and fatigue damage problems that may be caused by traditional plane contact, and greatly improving the safety and reliability of equipment operation.

[0041] The Pb element contained in the alloy body will form a lead film at the depressions on the friction surface, and the lead film is used to reduce the friction coefficient, thereby further improving the wear resistance of the material;

[0042] It should be noted that trace lead elements gradually migrate to the surface during the friction process and form a thin and uniform lead film at the depressions. The lead film effectively reduces the friction coefficient, reduces frictional heat and wear, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance and service life of the material, especially under high load and high-speed operating conditions.

[0043] During the melting and solidification process of the alloy, the microstructure is optimized by controlling the cooling rate. Specifically:

[0044] A cooling strategy with a cooling rate of 10°C per minute is adopted. The expression for the cooling rate is:

[0045] T(t) = T0 - k·t;

[0046] Where, T(t) is the temperature at time t, T0 is the initial melting temperature, and k is the cooling rate constant;

[0047] During the cooling process, the gradient cooling technology is applied to cool gradually from the outside to the inside. The expression is:

[0048] G(x) = e -∈x ;

[0049] Where, G(x) represents the cooling efficiency at the position x along the thickness direction of the material, and ∈ is the cooling coefficient;

[0050] It should be noted that the method can not only refine the grain size, improve the strength and toughness of the material, but also effectively avoid internal stress concentration and crack formation, ensuring that the alloy body has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The application of this cooling process provides reliable technical support for the manufacture of high-performance brass alloys.

[0051] Application of high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass. The high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to castings, including gears, worm wheels, bearings, bushings, impellers, general mechanical parts, water-receiving metal parts or joints.

[0052] Application of high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass. The high-strength wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to plastically processed products, including springs for electronics and electrical appliances, switches, lead frames, connectors, bellows, fuse clamps, bushings, relays, gears, cams, joints, flanges, bearings, small screws, bolts, nuts, metal rings, tube sheets for heat exchangers, heat exchangers, wire meshes, marine meshes, aquaculture meshes, fishing nets, header materials, washers, condenser tubes for seawater, ship part shafts, ship seawater inlets or water-receiving metal parts.

[0053] In summary, through precise control of alloy composition and microstructure optimization, the present invention achieves excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, significantly improving wear resistance and service life. It performs particularly well under high-load conditions, providing an ideal material choice for high-performance gears and other key mechanical components. It not only solves the deficiencies of traditional materials in terms of wear resistance and strength but also broadens their application scope.

[0054] Example 2, referring to Tables 1 - 5, is the second example of the present invention. To further verify the technical solution of the present invention, experimental simulation data of high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass is given.

[0055] In order to verify the superior performance of high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass in practical applications, detailed experiments were carried out.

[0056] First, according to the formula provided by the present invention, accurately weigh Sn: 0.001% - 0.49% by mass, Zn: 25% - 40% by mass, Pb: 0.05% - 1.99% by mass, Ni: 0.01% - 0.9% by mass, Al: 0.5% - 1.99% by mass, Si: 0.5% - 2.99% by mass, Mn: 0.5% - 5%, Fe: 0.01% - 0.99%, and Cu: the remaining part. After mixing these materials, heat them to a completely molten state, ensure the uniform distribution of alloy components by stirring, and add 0.5% - 5% Mn, 0.5% - 2.99% Si, and 0.05% - 1.99% Pb under specific conditions to form the hard-phase manganese-silicon compound MnSi. Next, adopt a cooling strategy with a cooling rate of 10°C per minute for melt solidification treatment, and at the same time apply gradient cooling technology to cool gradually from the outside to the inside. This cooling method helps to refine the grain size, optimize the microstructure, and reduce the risk of internal stress and crack formation. After completing the above steps, multiple samples were prepared for subsequent tests. In addition, several common brass materials in the prior art were prepared as control groups for comparative analysis.

[0057] All samples were made into standard specimens through the same heat treatment and machining processes. Then, a universal material testing machine was used to measure the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness of each specimen. The friction and wear tests were carried out on special equipment to simulate actual working conditions, and the changes in friction coefficient and wear amount were recorded. The surface morphology of the samples was observed through a microscope to analyze the morphology and distribution characteristics of the hard-phase manganese-silicon compound MnSi particles. Finally, all the data was collected and sorted out to provide a basis for subsequent analysis.

[0058] Specifically, it is shown in the following table:

[0059] Table 1 Comparison of the properties of high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass and prior art materials

[0060]

[0061] Table 2 Copper Alloy Composition and Characteristics Table

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Table 3: Different Alloy Compositions and Their Performance Data Tables

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 4: Material Performance Test Data

[0068] Number <![CDATA[Tensile strength (N / mm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Yield strength (N / mm 2 )]]> Elongation rate (%) Reduction of area (%) 1 550 490 15 65 2 560 500 16 66 3 570 510 18 67 4 580 520 17 68 5 545 495 19 69

[0069] Table 5: Technical Parameter and Measurement Value Data Tables

[0070] Number Diameter (mm) Depth (mm) Other parameters 101 10.0 5.0 102 12.0 6.0 103 14.0 7.0 ... ... ... ...

[0071] As can be seen from the table, the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass of the present invention is significantly superior to the prior art and the control samples in all key performance indicators. Specifically, in terms of tensile strength, samples A and B of the present invention reached 550 N / mm 2 and 545 N / mm 2 , while the prior art samples C and D were only 450 N / mm 2 and 460 N / mm 2 , indicating that the material of the present invention has higher strength and can withstand greater loads without fracture. Similarly, in terms of yield strength and elongation, the samples of the present invention also performed excellently, indicating that it not only has high strength but also maintains good toughness, which is crucial for preventing brittle failure.

[0072] The hardness value of the samples of the present invention ranges from 140 to 159 HB, which is significantly higher than the hardness range of 130 to 138 HB of the prior art and the control samples, meaning that the material of the present invention is more wear-resistant and suitable for application scenarios that are used for a long time and are not easily damaged. Particularly noteworthy is that the data of the friction coefficient and wear amount further confirm the advantages of the present invention. The friction coefficient of the samples of the present invention is as low as 0.12 - 0.13, while that of the prior art samples is as high as 0.17 - 0.18. A lower friction coefficient means less energy loss and better operating efficiency; at the same time, the significant reduction in wear amount (only 0.05 - 0.06 mg) indicates that the material of the present invention has excellent wear resistance during actual use.

[0073] In summary, through precise control of alloy composition and microstructure optimization, the high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass of the present invention exhibits excellent performance in multiple performance indicators. Compared with the prior art, this material not only improves strength and hardness, but also significantly reduces the friction coefficient and wear amount, reflecting its innovation and novelty. Especially under high-load and high-speed operating conditions, the material of the present invention can provide more stable and reliable performance, meeting the growing demand of modern industry for high-performance metal materials. Therefore, the present invention not only solves the deficiencies of traditional materials, but also achieves breakthroughs in multiple key technical fields, having broad application prospects and important economic value.

[0074] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. High-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass, characterized by: include: Sn: 0.001% to 0.49% by mass, Zn: 25% to 40% by mass, Pb: 0.05% to 1.99% by mass, Ni: 0.01% to 0.9% by mass, Al: 0.5% to 1.99% by mass, Si: 0.5% to 2.99% by mass, Mn: 0.5% to 5%, Fe: 0.01% to 0.99%, and Cu: the remainder; And satisfy the condition f0=[Cu]+0.5[Zn]-3[Al]=28-50, as well as The content of element a is expressed as [a] mass %; Also includes: The α phase and the β phase, whose combined area ratio accounts for more than 90% of the total, are combined into an alloy body; Among them, the α phase is a solid solution rich in copper, and the β phase is a solid solution formed at a high Zn content; When the alloy body is melted and solidified, the average grain size of the macroscopic structure does not exceed 300 μm.

2. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi is formed by adding 0.5% to 5% Mn, 0.5% to 2.99% Si and 0.05% to 1.99% Pb based on 25% to 40% Zn and the balance Cu. The hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi is dispersed in the copper-rich solid solution phase in the form of fine spherical particles or needles.

3. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tensile strength of the alloy body is 540N / mm 2 And above, the yield strength is 311N / mm 2 And above, the elongation is 10%-20%, and the hardness is between 140 and 159HB.

4. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 3, characterized in that: On the friction surface of the gear tooth surface made of the alloy body, the hard phase manganese silicon compound MnSi particles present a fine spherical or needle-like shape and slightly protrude from the solid solution phase surface.

5. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hard particles slightly protruding from the surface of the solid solution phase can form point contacts to effectively disperse pressure under load.

6. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Pb element contained in the alloy body will form a lead film at the depressions of the friction surface, and the lead film is used to reduce the friction coefficient, thereby further improving the wear resistance of the material.

7. The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The alloy optimizes the microstructure by controlling the cooling rate during the melt solidification process, specifically: A cooling strategy with a cooling rate of 10°C per minute was adopted; During the cooling process, gradient cooling technology is applied to gradually cool from the outside to the inside.

8. Application of high-strength, wear-resistant, special high-strength brass, comprising the high-strength, wear-resistant, special high-strength brass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The high-strength, wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to castings, including gears, worm wheels, bearings, bushings, impellers, general mechanical parts, water-receiving metal parts or joints.

9. Application of high-strength, wear-resistant, special high-strength brass, comprising the high-strength, wear-resistant, special high-strength brass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The high-strength and wear-resistant special high-strength brass can be applied to plastic processed objects, including springs for electronics and electrical appliances, switches, lead frames, connectors, bellows, fuse clamps, bushings, relays, gears, cams, joints, flanges, bearings, small screws, bolts, nuts, metal rings, tube sheets for heat exchangers, heat exchangers, metal meshes, marine nets, aquaculture nets, fishing nets, pipe header materials, washers, seawater condenser tubes, ship parts shafts, ship seawater inlets or water receiving metal parts.

Images