A serrated head structure for improving projectile penetration capability and its design method

Abstract

This invention relates to a serrated head structure and its design method for improving the penetration capability of a projectile, belonging to the field of projectile structure design technology. It solves the problem of insufficient penetration capability and inability to simultaneously maintain aerodynamic performance. The serrated head structure of this invention includes: a cone and a concave frustum; the cone is connected to the shoulder of the projectile via the concave frustum; oblique grooves are provided on the conical surface of the cone; multiple oblique grooves are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the cone; the front diameter D1 of the concave frustum is larger than the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum; the concave arc surface of the concave frustum is formed by rotating an inwardly concave arc of radius R around the axis of the concave frustum. This invention can effectively improve the penetration capability of the projectile against targets in different impact attitudes, and has the characteristics of compact structure and no impact on the aerodynamic performance of the projectile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed projectile technology, and in particular to a toothed head structure and its design method for improving the penetrating power of a projectile. Background Technology

[0002] The penetration capability of a projectile against various types of targets is a key performance indicator for assessing its destructive power. Traditional projectiles typically employ either a flat-nosed or oval-shaped head structure to adapt to different impact attitudes. The flat-nosed head structure is designed to provide a righting moment and prevent ricochet when the projectile impacts at an angle. However, the flat-nosed head weakens penetration capability compared to the oval-shaped head. Projectiles with oval-shaped heads generally have higher penetration capability at perpendicular impacts than flat-nosed projectiles, but they cannot generate a righting moment at angles, thus increasing the likelihood of ricochet. Clearly, these two head structures cannot currently be combined on a single projectile, posing significant difficulties and challenges to penetrating various types of targets at different attitudes.

[0003] In existing technological applications, researchers have recognized the importance of the projectile's head structure to its armor-piercing power and have proposed a variety of different head design methods to improve the projectile's penetration capability.

[0004] These methods include using different shapes, materials, and structural configurations to enhance the projectile's penetration capability and adaptability to different targets. However, despite these inventions and research providing valuable insights and some technological advancements, numerous problems remain in practical applications. For example, there is the issue of excessive encroachment on the projectile's internal space: the projectile's head structure is relatively large and not designed in accordance with the overall spatial constraints of the projectile, resulting in excessive encroachment on the internal space and affecting the explosive charge and the structural design of other components. Aerodynamic performance issues: the projectile's head structure design does not fully consider aerodynamic characteristics, leading to significant drag during flight and affecting its range and accuracy. Structural complexity: some projectile structures are complex, requiring precision manufacturing and assembly, which not only increases production costs but may also lead to reliability problems. Adaptability limitations: existing projectile head structures often only consider ideal vertical impact conditions, and their structures are not adapted to the oblique impact process with changing projectile attitudes, lacking adaptability to variable battlefield environments.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a serrated head structure to enhance the penetrating power of a projectile, so as to achieve better armor-piercing performance without affecting the aerodynamic performance of the projectile. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a serrated head structure and its design method for improving the penetrating power of projectiles, in order to solve the problems of insufficient penetrating power and inability to take into account aerodynamic performance of existing projectiles.

[0007] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A toothed head structure for improving the penetrating power of a projectile includes: a cone and a concave frustum;

[0009] The cone is positioned in front of the projectile's shoulder and is integrally connected to the projectile's shoulder via the concave frustum; the bottom surface of the cone also serves as the front end face of the concave frustum; the rear end face of the concave frustum also serves as the front end face of the projectile's shoulder.

[0010] The cone has oblique grooves on its conical surface; the oblique grooves extend from the bottom surface of the cone to the tip; multiple oblique grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cone.

[0011] The surface of the cone is also provided with a plurality of annular stepped grooves; the annular stepped grooves are provided at equal intervals along the axial direction of the cone; the annular stepped grooves pass through the plurality of oblique grooves.

[0012] The front diameter D1 of the concave frustum is greater than the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum; the concave arc surface of the concave frustum is formed by rotating a concave arc with radius R around the axis of the cone.

[0013] Furthermore, the cone angle α of the cone is not less than 60°, and the base diameter D1 of the cone is not less than the length L1 of the cone; that is, the value range of the length L1 of the cone is...

[0014] Furthermore, the ratio of the front diameter D1 to the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum is: D1 = 1.2D2 ~ 1.5D2; the length L2 of the concave frustum is half the length L1 of the cone, i.e., L2 = 0.5L1; the radius R of the concave arc surface of the concave frustum is half the rear diameter D2, i.e., R = 0.5D2.

[0015] Furthermore, the longitudinal section of the oblique groove is semi-circular; the radius of the oblique groove at the bottom surface of the cone is r; the depth of the oblique groove gradually decreases from the bottom surface of the cone to the front end, the front end depth of the oblique groove is 0 and the rear end depth is r, and r satisfies D1 / 20≤r≤D1 / 10.

[0016] Further, the depth of the annular stepped groove gradually increases from the tip direction to the bottom direction of the cone, and the bottom surface of the annular stepped groove forms a slope on the surface of the cone; a step is formed between the end surface of the annular stepped groove and the surface of the cone; the width of the annular stepped groove is b, and the value range of the width b is 2r ≤ b ≤ 2.5r; the spacing between two adjacent annular stepped grooves is a, and the value of a is 2r; the height of the end step of the annular stepped groove is d, and the value of d is d < r.

[0017] Further, there are three annular stepped grooves, and the three annular stepped grooves are respectively the first annular stepped groove, the second annular stepped groove and the third annular stepped groove from the bottom surface to the tip of the cone; the values of the step heights d1, d2, d3 of the first annular stepped groove, the second annular stepped groove and the third annular stepped groove are 3 / 4r, r / 2, r / 4 respectively.

[0018] A design method for the above-mentioned serrated head structure includes the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: The ratio relationship between the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum and the rear diameter D of the shoulder of the projectile is: 0.1D < D2 < 0.2D; determine the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum according to the rear diameter D of the shoulder of the projectile; determine the front diameter D1 according to the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum.

[0020] Step S2: The front end surface of the concave frustum simultaneously serves as the bottom surface of the cone; the bottom surface diameter D1 of the cone, and determine its length L1 according to the cone angle α of the cone to form the cone.

[0021] Step S3: The length L2 of the concave frustum is half of the length L1 of the cone, that is, L2 = 0.5 × L1; determine the length L2 of the concave frustum according to the length L1 of the cone; determine the shape of the concave frustum according to the front diameter D1, rear diameter D2, length L2 of the concave frustum and the radius R of the concave arc surface.

[0022] Step S4: Determine the rear depth r of the inclined groove according to the rear diameter D1 of the cone; determine the width b, maximum depth d and its slope angle of the annular stepped groove according to the rear depth r of the inclined groove; form the inclined groove and the annular stepped groove on the surface of the cone by cutting.

[0023] Further, in the step S3, the design method of the concave arc surface of the concave frustum is:

[0024] Step S301: Determine a frustum based on the length L2, front diameter D1, and rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum; the outer surface of the frustum is a conical arc surface, and the longitudinal section of the frustum is an isosceles trapezoid.

[0025] Step S302: The frontal projection of the concave arc surface is an arc with a radius of R, i.e., a concave arc line; the concave arc line is determined according to the ratio between the radius R of the concave arc line and the rear diameter D2 of the concave truncated cone, and the endpoint of the concave arc line coincides with the endpoint of the isosceles trapezoid.

[0026] Step S303: The concave arc is obtained by rotating the concave arc around the axis of the frustum.

[0027] Specifically, the radius of the concave arc is R = 0.5D2.

[0028] Specifically, a circle is drawn with the two endpoints of the isosceles trapezoid as the center and the radius R of the concave arc surface as the radius. The intersection of the two circles determines the center O of the concave arc. The concave arc is an arc with point O as the center and the two endpoints of the isosceles trapezoid as the endpoints.

[0029] Furthermore, the concave frustum can be obtained by machining the concave arc surface on the side of the frustum using a cutting method.

[0030] A projectile with a serrated head structure includes: the serrated head structure, a projectile shoulder, and a projectile cylindrical section, wherein the projectile shoulder supports the serrated head structure; the projectile shoulder and the projectile cylindrical section have internal cavities for loading explosive charges; the serrated head structure, the projectile shoulder, and the projectile cylindrical section are sequentially connected and form an integral structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the concave arc surface of the concave frustum smoothly transitions to the outer surface of the projectile shoulder.

[0032] The technical solution of this invention can achieve at least one of the following effects:

[0033] 1. The pointed head structure of the present invention adopts an integrated structure in which a cone, a concave truncated cone and the projectile body are connected. The front cone serves as the tip of the projectile body. Without affecting the flight stability of the projectile body, it can significantly improve the penetration capability of the target, and has high reliability and low production cost.

[0034] 2. The pointed head structure of the present invention, at the moment the projectile hits the target plate (steel structure target / concrete target), the conical structure can enhance the force on the target plate, thereby effectively improving the projectile's penetration capability; at the same time, the concave truncated cone between the cone and the projectile shoulder can be used to guide the debris generated when the target plate is destroyed. Especially for concrete target plates, when the cone penetrates the target plate, the broken concrete particles can be discharged by the concave truncated cone, thereby reducing the obstruction of the broken target plate material to the projectile's penetration process and enhancing the penetration of the rear projectile shoulder.

[0035] 3. The design method of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure of the present invention determines the structural dimension parameters of the concave frustum and the cone according to the dimensions of the main body structure of the projectile. Under the premise of improving the penetration capability of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure, it makes the structure compact and has better consistency with the main body structure of the projectile. By designing the proportional relationship between the cone, the concave frustum and the projectile shoulder and other parts, the penetration capability and structural strength of the projectile are enhanced, and its stable aerodynamic performance in flight is ensured.

[0036] 4. The projectile with a serrated head structure of the present invention, on the one hand, takes into account the spatial cooperation between the projectile structure, the serrated head structure, and the internal components of the projectile. The serrated head structure is located in front of the shoulder of the projectile and will not encroach on the space of the internal explosive or other components. On the other hand, the compact structure of the serrated head structure and the shoulder of the projectile is conducive to maintaining the structural reliability of the projectile during launch and the attitude stability during flight. The integrated construction of the serrated head structure and the projectile enhances the flight stability of the projectile and improves its penetration capability, and has high reliability and low production cost.

[0037] 5. The projectile of the present invention, with a toothed head structure, has multiple oblique grooves on its conical surface, which can promote the formation of micro-cracks on the target plate surface. During the continuous penetration process, the projectile can promote the further extension and expansion of the micro-cracks, resulting in large-aperture damage to the target plate. At the same time, the right-angled edge at the junction of the oblique groove and the conical surface slightly deflects the projectile's attitude before vertical impact, which can generate a certain turning torque and has the effect of correcting the projectile's attitude, making the projectile more inclined to penetrate the target plate vertically, thereby improving the projectile's armor-piercing performance.

[0038] 6. The projectile of the present invention, which has a toothed head structure, is designed to address the oblique armor-piercing behavior of the projectile when it is tilted to the target. Multiple annular stepped grooves are provided on the surface of its cone. The reaction force when the steps come into contact with the target can generate a turning torque on the projectile, thereby correcting the projectile's attitude and causing it to deflect towards a positive armor-piercing attitude. This can effectively reduce the probability of ricocheting and improve the projectile's penetration capability against the target plate.

[0039] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the proportional relationship between the cone and the concave frustum of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the annular stepped groove of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the head structure of a conventional pointed oval projectile;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nose section structure of a conventional flat-nosed bullet.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the diameter of the rear end face of the concave frustum of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention is determined.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the method for determining the concave arc surface of the concave frustum of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure in Embodiment 2 of the invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the projectile with a pointed head structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a front view of the projectile with a toothed head structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a side view of a projectile with a toothed head structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the projectile with a toothed head structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the target-breaking state of a projectile with a serrated head structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the turning principle of a projectile with a serrated head structure in the oblique armor-piercing state in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure label:

[0055] 1-Spiked head; 2-Shoulder of projectile; 3-Cylindrical section of projectile; 101-Conical body; 102-Oblique groove; 103-Annular stepped groove; 104-Concave truncated cone. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] One specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a serrated head structure to enhance the penetrating power of a projectile, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, it includes a cone 101 and a concave frustum 104. Specifically, the cone 101 is a cone structure with its apex away from the projectile shoulder and its base close to the projectile shoulder. The cone 101 is located in front of the projectile shoulder 2 and is connected to the projectile shoulder 2 as a whole through the concave frustum 104; the base of the cone 101 also serves as the front end face of the concave frustum 104; the rear end face of the concave frustum 104 also serves as the front end face of the projectile shoulder 2; the front end of the concave frustum 104 is connected to the base of the cone 101, and the rear end is connected to the projectile shoulder 2, the three being an integral structure, as shown. Figure 8 As shown.

[0059] The cone 101 has oblique grooves 102 on its conical surface; the oblique grooves 102 extend from the bottom surface of the cone 101 to the tip; multiple oblique grooves 102 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cone 101; multiple annular stepped grooves 103 are also provided on the surface of the cone 101; multiple annular stepped grooves 103 are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the cone 101; the annular stepped grooves 103 penetrate multiple oblique grooves 102.

[0060] Furthermore, the front diameter D1 of the concave frustum 104 is larger than the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104; the concave arc surface of the concave frustum 104 is formed by rotating a concave arc with radius R around the axis of the concave frustum 104 for one revolution.

[0061] In this embodiment, the concave frustum 104 achieves a smooth transition between the toothed head structure 1 and the projectile shoulder 2; specifically, the concave arc surface of the concave frustum 104 is an arc surface with a radius of R, and satisfies R = D2 / 2.

[0062] In this embodiment, the number of oblique grooves 102 is 4 to 6, and the multiple oblique grooves 102 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cone 101, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, oblique grooves 102 are formed on the surface of the cone 101 and extend along its axial direction; multiple oblique grooves 102 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the conical surface of the cone 101. The oblique grooves 102 are shallower at the end near the top of the cone 101 and deeper at the end near the bottom of the cone 101.

[0064] In this embodiment, the cone angle α of the cone 101 is not less than 60°, and the base diameter D1 of the cone 101 is not less than its length L1; that is, the value range of the length L1 of the cone 101 is...

[0065] Specifically, the side of the concave frustum 104 smoothly transitions with the shoulder 2 of the projectile, and the radius of the concave arc contour is R.

[0066] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the front diameter D1 of the concave frustum 104 to its rear diameter D2 is: D1 = 1.2D2 ~ 1.5D2; the length L2 of the concave frustum 104 is half the length L1 of the cone 101, i.e., L2 = 0.5L1; the radius R of the concave arc surface of the concave frustum 104 is half the rear diameter D2, i.e., R = 0.5D2.

[0067] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the oblique groove 102 is semi-circular; the radius of the cross section of the oblique groove 102 at the bottom surface of the cone 101 is r; the depth of the oblique groove 102 gradually decreases from the bottom surface of the cone 101 to the front end, the front end depth of the oblique groove 102 is 0 and the rear end depth is r, and r satisfies D1 / 20≤r≤D1 / 10.

[0068] In this embodiment, since the oblique groove 102 extends from the apex of the cone 101 to the bottom surface, the front end of the concave frustum 104 has a corresponding semi-circular notch. Because the rear diameter of the cone 101 is larger than the middle diameter and the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104, when the projectile penetrates the target plate, the high-intensity impact causes plastic deformation of the material at the tail end of the cone 101. The concave frustum 104 allows the plastically deformed material at the tail end of the cone 101 to flow towards its concave arc surface, preventing the projectile from having an enlarged contact area with the target plate due to a thickened head. This significantly reduces the resistance during the projectile's penetration of the target and further enhances the projectile's penetration capability.

[0069] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the annular stepped groove 103 gradually increases from the tip direction of the cone 101 to the bottom direction, and the bottom surface of the annular stepped groove 103 forms a slope on the surface of the cone 101; a step is formed between the end face of the annular stepped groove 103 and the surface of the cone 101; the width of the annular stepped groove 103 is b; the distance between two adjacent annular stepped grooves 103 is a; and the height of the end step of the annular stepped groove 103 is d.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the height d of the step in the annular stepped groove 103 gradually increases from the tip of the cone 101 to the bottom surface. The angle between the bottom surface of the annular stepped groove 103 and the axis of the cone 101 is acute, forming a slope on the cone 101. The width of the annular stepped groove 103 is b, and the distance between two adjacent annular stepped grooves 103 is a.

[0071] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, three annular stepped grooves 103 are provided. The three annular stepped grooves 103, from the bottom surface of the cone 101 to its tip, are respectively the first annular stepped groove, the second annular stepped groove, and the third annular stepped groove. The step heights d1, d2, and d3 of the first annular stepped groove, the second annular stepped groove, and the third annular stepped groove are respectively 3 / 4r, r / 2, and r / 4. The distance a between the first annular stepped groove, the second annular stepped groove, and the third annular stepped groove is 2r. The slope width b of the annular stepped groove 103 is in the range of 2r≤b≤2.5r.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the angles between the slopes of the first annular step groove, the second annular step groove and the third annular step groove and the axis of the cone 101 are α1, α2 and α3, respectively, and α1>α2>α3.

[0073] Specifically, an annular stepped groove 103 is arranged around the circumference of the cone 101, and multiple annular stepped grooves 103 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the cone 101.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, from the tip of the cone 101 to the bottom surface, the depth of the multiple annular stepped grooves 103 gradually increases, or in other words, the step height between the annular stepped grooves 103 and the cone surface of the cone 101 gradually increases.

[0075] Specifically, the cone 101 has a length of L1, a base diameter of D1, and a cone angle of α. The concave frustum 104 has a length of L2, a front diameter of D1, and a rear diameter of D2, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0076] The head structure of a conventional pointed oval projectile and the head structure of a flat-nosed projectile are respectively as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown. Specifically, as Figure 4 As shown, the head of the pointed oval projectile is cone-shaped; as Figure 5 As shown, a flat-nosed projectile is equivalent to truncating the head of a pointed oval projectile, resulting in a flat-nosed head. In this embodiment, a serrated head structure 1 is provided on the head of a conventional projectile (pointed oval or flat-nosed projectile). Since the size of the serrated head structure is smaller than the size of the projectile shoulder 2, it can improve the penetration capability against the target without affecting its aerodynamic performance.

[0077] The diameter D2 of the rear end face of the concave frustum 104 is determined based on the actual characteristics of the rear end of the projectile. For a flat-headed projectile, the diameter of its front frustum can be used as the diameter D2 of the rear end face of the concave frustum 104, and the design of the pointed head structure is based on this. For a pointed oval projectile, D2 and the diameter D of the cylindrical section of the projectile should satisfy the following relationship: 0.10D≤D2≤0.20D. Furthermore, when determining the diameter D2 of the rear end face of the concave frustum 104 for a pointed oval projectile, it should be ensured that, in the cross-sectional view, point A of the projectile tip and points B and C of the projectile shoulder 2 are circumscribed on the same circle, and the lengths of chords AB, BC, and AC are equal. Figure 6 As shown.

[0078] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the oblique groove 102 is shaped like a semi-circular tube, shallow at the front end and deep at the rear end. The oblique groove 102 penetrates the rear end face of the cone 101, and its rear end radius is r. As it extends along the generatrix of the cone towards the apex, the radius of the groove gradually decreases, reaching 0 at the apex. Six oblique grooves 102 converge at the apex of the cone 101, forming the cone tip. In a typical design, there are six oblique grooves 102, evenly distributed circumferentially, with one groove spaced at 60° intervals.

[0079] In this embodiment, the oblique groove 102 is set to have a depth of 0 at the tip of the cone 101, which is beneficial to enhance the tip strength of the cone 101 and to provide sufficient structural strength during the initial penetration of the projectile into the target.

[0080] In this embodiment, as Figure 12 As shown, a slanted groove 102 and an annular stepped groove 103 are provided on the cone 101. The near right-angled edges of the two sides of the slanted groove 102 are conducive to generating multiple small-sized tears on the metal target / concrete target. During the continuous penetration of the head, the multiple small-sized tears on the metal target will extend and develop, which is conducive to forming a larger-scale breach. This will greatly reduce the resistance during the penetration of the projectile's shoulder and cylindrical section.

[0081] A schematic diagram of the serrated head structure in this embodiment generating a turning torque to correct the projectile's attitude is shown below. Figure 13 As shown, under oblique armor-piercing conditions, the projectile is subjected to the reaction force of the target plate, and the reaction force F is greater on the side where the projectile axis X1 makes an acute angle with the target plate wall. The reaction force F is applied to the projectile, causing it to generate a torque M that causes the projectile axis X1 to rotate in the direction of the target plate normal X2. This torque M is the normalizing torque, which can generate a normalizing torque in the projectile axis, thereby helping to correct the projectile attitude, correct the projectile's armor-piercing trajectory, and enable the projectile to achieve greater destructive power against the target in the normal armor-piercing attitude.

[0082] In this embodiment, the use of the aforementioned serrated head structure 1 as the head of the projectile has at least one of the following advantages compared to conventional projectiles:

[0083] 1. In this embodiment, the lengths of the cone 101 and the concave frustum 104 are relatively short, which controls the size of the tooth-shaped head structure and does not excessively encroach on the space of other components outside the projectile; at the same time, while ensuring that the connection between the cone 101 and the projectile shoulder 102 has sufficient structural strength, the increased size and volume are reduced to avoid excessive increase in mass, which would affect the projectile's launch speed and target impact speed.

[0084] 2. In this embodiment, the bottom diameter D1 of the cone 101 is slightly larger than the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104. When the cone 101 impacts and penetrates the target, it can generate a sufficiently large enlarged hole on the target, reducing the resistance when the projectile shoulder 2 enters the target and improving the projectile's penetration capability. At the same time, the concave frustum 104 has a certain length, which also plays a role in attenuating the dynamic load transmitted to the rear side of the projectile. It can effectively reduce the dynamic load intensity transmitted to key components such as the fuse at the rear end of the projectile, ensuring the normal operation performance of the functional components at the rear end of the projectile.

[0085] 3. In this embodiment, a concave frustum 104 is provided at the rear side of the cone 101, enabling a smooth transition between the cone 101 and the shoulder 2 of the projectile. At the same time, when the projectile acts on a high-strength target, there may be a bulging effect on the head structure of the projectile. The design of the concave frustum 104 provides space for the radial plastic deformation of the material at the bottom of the cone 101, which is the head part of the projectile, avoiding excessive bulging of the cone 101 and thus reducing the frictional resistance between the projectile and the target. The concave design also facilitates the discharge of debris generated when penetrating targets such as concrete.

[0086] Embodiment 2

[0087] A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a design method for the pointed-tooth-shaped head structure in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0088] Step S1: The ratio of the rear-end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104) to the rear-end diameter D of the shoulder 2 of the projectile is: 0.1D < D2 < 0.2D; determine the rear-end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104) according to the rear-end diameter D of the shoulder 2 of the projectile; determine the front-end diameter D1 according to the rear-end diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104;

[0089] Step S2: The front-end end face of the concave frustum 104 serves as the bottom surface of the cone 101 at the same time; the bottom surface diameter D1 of the cone 101, and determine its length L1 according to the cone angle α of the cone 101, forming the cone 101;

[0090] Step S3: The length L2 of the concave frustum 104 is half of the length L1 of the cone 101, that is, L2 = 0.5 × L1; determine the length L2 of the concave frustum 104 according to the length L1 of the cone 101; determine the shape of the concave frustum 104 according to the front-end diameter D1, rear-end diameter D2, length L2 of the concave frustum 104 and the radius R of the concave arc surface;

[0091] Step S4: Determine the rear-end depth r of the inclined groove 102 according to the rear-end diameter D1 of the cone 101; determine the width b, maximum depth d and its slope angle of the annular step groove 103 according to the rear-end depth r of the inclined groove 102; form the inclined groove 102 and the annular step groove 103 on the surface of the cone 101 by cutting.

[0092] As Figure 4 、 Figure 5 shown, are the structural schematic diagrams of a conventional pointed-ovoid projectile and a flat-headed projectile, respectively.

[0093] Preferably, in Step S1, the ratio of the rear-end diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104 to the rear-end diameter D of the shoulder 2 of the projectile is: D2 = 0.15D.

[0094] In step S1, the value of the front end diameter D1 of the concave frustum 104 is selected within a reasonable range according to the ratio between D1 and D2 recorded in Example 1; preferably, D1 = 1.5D2.

[0095] Alternatively, in step S1, the serrated head structure of the present invention can be integrated onto an existing oval or flat-top projectile structure; the integration method of the serrated head structure onto an existing oval / flat-top projectile is as follows:

[0096] The improved design method for the flat-head projectile is as follows: the front end face of the flat-head projectile is used as the rear end face of the concave frustum 104 of the tooth-shaped head structure, and the diameter of the front end face of the flat-head projectile is the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104.

[0097] The improved design method for the pointed oval projectile is as follows: taking the tip of the pointed oval projectile as endpoint A, draw two symmetrical oblique lines at a 30° angle on both sides of the axis of the pointed oval projectile. The intersection points of the two oblique lines and the surface of the pointed oval projectile are B and C; connecting BC gives the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104. Figure 6 As shown.

[0098] Furthermore, in step S2, the bottom diameter D1 of the cone 101 is determined based on the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104, i.e., D1 = 1.2 to 1.5D2.

[0099] Further, in step S2, the cone angle of the cone 101 should not be less than 60°, that is, when using the design with the minimum length, the longitudinal section of the cone 101 is an equilateral triangle. Specifically, the cone angle α of the cone 101 is limited by the length L1 of the cone 101 and the base diameter D1, that is, the range of values ​​for the length L1 of the cone 101 is:

[0100] Preferably, in step S2, the cone angle α of the cone 101 is 60°; the ratio of the length L1 of the cone 101 to its base diameter D1 is as follows:

[0101] Furthermore, in step S3, the design method for the concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104) is as follows:

[0102] Step S301: Determine a frustum based on the length L2, front diameter D1, and rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104; the outer surface of the frustum is a conical arc surface, and the longitudinal section of the frustum is an isosceles trapezoid; specifically, the length L2 of the concave frustum 104 is half the length L1 of the cone 101, i.e., L2 = 0.5L1.

[0103] Step S302: The frontal projection of the concave arc surface is an arc with radius R, i.e., a concave arc line; the concave arc line is determined according to the proportional relationship between the radius R of the concave arc line and the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum, and the endpoint of the concave arc line coincides with the endpoint of the isosceles trapezoid; specifically, as shown... Figure 7 As shown, the four endpoints of the isosceles trapezoid are B, C, E, and F, respectively. Endpoints B and C are located on the rear end face of the concave frustum 104, and endpoint EF is located on the front end face of the concave frustum 104.

[0104] Specifically, the radius R of the concave arc surface is determined according to the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum 104, and the radius R of the concave arc satisfies R = D2 / 2.

[0105] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, circles are drawn with the two endpoints B, E or C, F of the isosceles trapezoid as centers and R as the radius. The intersection of the two circles determines the center O of the concave arc. The concave arc is an arc with point O as the center, R as the radius, and the two endpoints B, E or C, F of the isosceles trapezoid as endpoints.

[0106] Step S303: The concave arc is obtained by rotating the concave arc around the axis of the frustum; the concave frustum 104 is obtained by machining the concave arc surface on the side of the frustum by cutting.

[0107] Preferably, in step S4, the end depth of the oblique groove 102 is r, and the depth of the oblique groove 102 decreases linearly from the tail end of the cone 101 to the tip of the cone 101 until the depth is 0.

[0108] Furthermore, in step S4, the groove depth r at the rear end of the oblique groove 102 satisfies the following relationship: D1 / 20≤r≤D1 / 10; preferably, r=D1 / 20.

[0109] Preferably, in step S4, there are 6 oblique grooves 102, one of which is set at 60° intervals along the circumference of the cone 101.

[0110] Specifically, in step S4, the radius r of the oblique groove 102, the overlapping part of the oblique groove 102 and the rear end face of the cone 101 is a semi-circular notch, and the line connecting the two endpoints of the semi-circular notch passes through the center of the semi-circular notch.

[0111] It is worth noting that the axis of the oblique groove 102 does not coincide with the conical surface of the cone 101, and the two form an acute angle, so that the depth of the oblique groove 102 at the tip of the cone 101 is 0.

[0112] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the annular step groove 103 includes: a first annular step groove, a second annular step groove and a third annular step groove, and the step heights of the first annular step groove, the second annular step groove and the third annular step groove are d1 = 3r / 4, d2 = r / 2 and d3 = r / 4, respectively.

[0113] Preferably, the spacing a of the plurality of annular stepped grooves 103 is 2r.

[0114] Furthermore, the width b of the annular stepped groove 103 is in the range of 2r to 2.5r. Preferably, the width b of the annular stepped groove 103 is 2r.

[0115] Furthermore, in step S4, the slope angles (α1, α2, α3) of the annular step groove 103 can be determined based on the step height d (d1 = 3r / 4, d2 = r / 2 and d3 = r / 4) and width b (2r) of the annular step groove 103.

[0116] Specifically, the depth of the annular stepped groove 103 decreases from one end near the concave frustum 104 to the end near the tip of the cone 101. The depth of the annular stepped groove 103 near the concave frustum 104 is d (d1 = 3r / 4, d2 = r / 2 and d3 = r / 4), and the depth of the annular stepped groove 103 near the tip of the cone 101 is 0.

[0117] In step S4, the annular stepped groove 103 is determined as follows:

[0118] Step S401: Cut a virtual frustum of thickness b along the axial direction of the cone 101. The two end faces of the virtual frustum (both are circular planes) are the front and rear planes of the annular stepped groove 103, respectively.

[0119] Step S402: A circular plane with a depth of d1 is cut off on the large end face of the virtual frustum (near the concave frustum 104), which is the rear end face of the annular step groove 103; the edge arc (306° circle) of the small end face of the virtual frustum (near the tip of the cone 101) is the front arc of the annular step surface 103.

[0120] Step S403: The annular stepped groove 103 is linearly obtained by the front arc (306° circle) and the rear annular plane; the bottom surface of the annular stepped groove 103 is its corresponding slope; the angle between the slope and the axis of the cone 101 is its slope angle (α1, α2, α3), such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0121] It is worth noting that the step height d of the annular stepped groove 103 does not represent its depth. The depth of the annular stepped groove 103 is continuously changing, becoming smaller closer to the tip of the cone 101. The step height d is the maximum value of its depth.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] One specific embodiment of the present invention provides a projectile with a toothed head structure, such as... Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the projectile in this embodiment includes: the serrated head structure 1 described in Embodiment 1, the projectile shoulder 2, and the projectile cylindrical section 3. The projectile shoulder 2 is used to support the serrated head structure 1; the interior of the projectile shoulder 2 is provided with an inner cavity 201 for loading explosive charge; the serrated head structure 1, the projectile shoulder 2, and the projectile cylindrical section 3 are sequentially connected and form an integral structure.

[0124] Specifically, the concave arc surface of the concave frustum 104 smoothly transitions with the outer surface of the projectile shoulder 2.

[0125] In implementation, the serrated head structure 1 is an integral structure with the projectile shoulder 2 and the projectile cylindrical section 3. The size of the serrated head structure is smaller than that of the projectile shoulder 2, so it does not affect the aerodynamic performance of the projectile during flight, does not increase aerodynamic drag, and serves as a front-end piercing structure when the projectile hits the target to improve the projectile's penetration capability. Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown.

[0126] Among them, the serrated head structure 1 is an original design proposed in this invention. To more vividly illustrate the relationship between the serrated head 1 and the projectile body, the projectile shoulder 2 and the projectile cylindrical section 3 are used as examples of the structural features of a conventional projectile, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown.

[0127] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 The projectile with a serrated head structure shown in the article is designed specifically for the projectile's actual characteristics and the target's properties, in order to meet the projectile's armor-piercing requirements under different conditions.

[0128] In practice, the projectile typically targets metal or concrete plates, with metal plates generally being thinner and concrete plates thicker. An oblique groove 102 and an annular stepped groove 103 are provided on the conical part 101 of the serrated head structure to ensure that the combination of these two features can adapt to different types of targets (metal and concrete) under oblique armor-piercing conditions. This improves the projectile's attitude stability during armor penetration and avoids phenomena such as ricochet, attitude instability, and insufficient penetration depth due to excessive trajectory deflection during oblique armor penetration.

[0129] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the projectile with a pointed head structure of the present invention, by setting an annular stepped groove 103, can generate a turning torque in the projectile when the step on the cone 101 contacts the target during the oblique armor penetration process of the projectile. This reduces the trajectory angle θ, corrects the projectile attitude, and makes it develop towards a positive armor penetration attitude, which can effectively reduce the probability of ricochet. At the same time, setting the bottom surface of the annular stepped groove 103 to be a slope can increase the contact space between the head structure and the target plate, making it easier for the step to generate the turning effect.

[0130] Compared with the prior art, the projectile with the serrated head structure in this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0131] 1. The projectile with a serrated head structure of the present invention solves the problem of projectile space utilization efficiency. Under the premise of improving the projectile's penetration capability, the projectile head structure design does not affect the utilization of internal space due to its structural size limitations, thus improving space utilization efficiency. Compared with other types of projectile head structures, the compact design of the serrated structure significantly reduces the demand for internal space, leaving more space for explosive charge and other key components, thereby improving the overall performance and destructive power of the projectile.

[0132] 2. The projectile with a toothed head structure of the present invention fully considers aerodynamic characteristics. The compact design of the shape and size of the toothed head structure 1 enables it to effectively cut through the air, which helps to reduce aerodynamic drag during flight. The projectile has less drag during flight, which avoids affecting the attitude of the projectile and is conducive to the stable penetration of the projectile into the target plate.

[0133] 3. The projectile of the present invention has a serrated head structure. The serrated head structure 1 concentrates energy in a smaller contact area to increase the local pressure on the target material, thereby improving the penetration capability. Especially when fighting against reinforced or composite armor, it can provide better armor-piercing effect.

[0134] 4. In existing technologies, the penetration capability of a projectile may be limited by design and material selection, only addressing ideal conditions for direct armor penetration, without considering the angle of attack and tilt of the projectile under actual conditions. Therefore, it cannot guarantee the projectile's armor-piercing function under oblique penetration conditions. The projectile of this invention, with its serrated head structure 1, is designed to adapt to various scenarios such as direct / oblique armor penetration. Furthermore, due to the structural integrity and simplified design, potential failure points are reduced, improving the reliability of the projectile in practical applications.

[0135] 5. The projectile with a pointed tooth head structure of the present invention has a simple projectile structure and low manufacturing cost. The one-piece pointed tooth structure avoids complex connection and assembly steps, eliminates the need for assembly of multiple parts, simplifies the production process, significantly reduces production costs, facilitates wide application, and improves production efficiency and product consistency.

[0136] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A serrated head structure for improving the penetrating power of a projectile, characterized in that, Comprising: A cone (101) and a concave frustum (104); The cone (101) is arranged in front of the shoulder (2) of the projectile body and is integrally connected to the shoulder (2) of the projectile body through the concave frustum (104); the bottom surface of the cone (101) simultaneously serves as the front end face of the concave frustum (104); the rear end face of the concave frustum (104) simultaneously serves as the front end face of the shoulder (2) of the projectile body; An inclined groove (102) is provided on the conical surface of the cone (101); the inclined groove (102) extends from the bottom surface of the cone (101) to the tip; a plurality of inclined grooves (102) are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cone (101); The front end diameter D1 of the concave frustum (104) is greater than the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104); the concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104) is formed by rotating a concave arc with a radius of R around the axis of the concave frustum (104) for one week.

2. The serrated head structure for enhancing projectile penetration capability according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportional relationship between the front end diameter D1 and the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104) is: D1 = 1.2D2 to 1.5D2; the length L2 of the concave frustum (104) is half of the length L1 of the cone (101), that is, L2 = 0.5L1; the radius R of the concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104) is half of its rear end diameter D2, that is, R = 0.5D2.

3. The serrated head structure for enhancing projectile penetration capability according to claim 2, characterized in that, The overlapping part of the inclined groove (102) and the rear end face of the cone (101) is a semi-circular notch.

4. The serrated head structure for enhancing projectile penetration capability according to claim 3, characterized in that, The depth of the inclined groove (102) gradually decreases from the bottom surface of the cone (101) to the front end.

5. The serrated head structure for enhancing projectile penetration capability according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional radius of the inclined groove (102) at the bottom surface position of the cone (101) is r; the front end depth of the inclined groove (102) is 0, the rear end depth is r, and r satisfies D1 / 20 ≤ r ≤ D1 / 10.

6. A design method for a tooth-shaped head structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step S1: The proportional relationship between the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104) and the rear end diameter D of the shoulder (2) of the projectile body is: 0.1D < D2 < 0.2D; determine the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104) according to the rear end diameter D of the shoulder (2) of the projectile body; determine its front end diameter D1 according to the rear end diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104); Step S2: The front end face of the concave frustum (104) simultaneously serves as the bottom surface of the cone (101); the bottom surface diameter D1 of the cone (101), and determine its length L1 according to the cone angle α of the cone (101), to form the cone (101); Step S3: The length L2 of the concave frustum (104) is half of the length L1 of the cone (101), that is, L2 = 0.5 × L1; determine the length L2 of the concave frustum (104) according to the length L1 of the cone (101); determine the shape of the concave frustum (104) according to the front end diameter D1, rear end diameter D2, length L2 and the radius R of the concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104); Step S4: Determine the rear depth r of the oblique groove (102) according to the rear diameter D1 of the cone (101), where r satisfies D1 / 20≤r≤D1 / 10.

7. The design method of the pointed tooth-shaped head structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the design method for the concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104) is as follows: Step S301: Determine a frustum based on the length L2, front diameter D1, and rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104); the outer surface of the frustum is a conical arc surface, and the longitudinal section of the frustum is an isosceles trapezoid. Step S302: The frontal projection of the concave arc surface is an arc with a radius of R, i.e., a concave arc line; the concave arc line is determined according to the ratio between the radius R of the concave arc line and the rear diameter D2 of the concave frustum (104), and the endpoint of the concave arc line coincides with the endpoint of the isosceles trapezoid. Step S303: The concave arc is obtained by rotating the concave arc around the axis of the frustum.

8. A projectile with a toothed head structure, characterized in that, include: The projectile's serrated head structure (1), projectile shoulder (2), and projectile cylindrical section (3) as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the projectile shoulder (2) is used to support the serrated head structure (1); the projectile shoulder (2) and projectile cylindrical section (3) are provided with a loading cavity (201) for loading explosive charge; the serrated head structure (1), projectile shoulder (2), and projectile cylindrical section (3) are sequentially connected and are an integral structure.

9. The projectile with a serrated head structure as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The concave arc surface of the concave frustum (104) smoothly transitions with the outer surface of the shoulder (2) of the projectile.

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