A similar test model and method capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust production

Abstract

A kind of similarity test model that can simulate tunnel blasting dust production, comprising front and rear monitoring area model and dust production area model.The monitoring area model includes first cylinder transversely arranged and dust monitoring module arranged in the first cylinder, the dust monitoring module includes at least four particulate matter sensors arranged on the top, bottom and two side walls of the first cylinder.The dust production area model includes second cylinder transversely arranged and connected with the rear end of the first cylinder at the front end, the dust production mechanism is arranged in the second cylinder, and the second cylinder is also provided with a spraying device capable of spraying dust suppressant near the end of the first cylinder.The monitoring area model can monitor the dust concentration at different sections and different positions, and the dust is produced by dust spraying device instead of blasting, which has high safety, controllable dust production and good operability.Not only can simulate the dust production law and diffusion law of dust in tunnel, but also can carry out simulation test of dust suppressant, has multiple functions and wide applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel blasting technology, specifically to a similar test model and method for simulating tunnel blasting dust. Background Technology

[0002] Patent application CN202222623203.9 discloses a hydraulic blasting dust suppression simulation experimental platform, including a tunnel model, a hydraulic blasting device, a dust concentration detector, a dust sampler, and a high-speed camera and computer located outside the tunnel model. After the hydraulic blasting device detonates, the dust concentration detector can detect the internal dust concentration, the dust sampler can collect the dust generated during the blasting process, and the high-speed camera can record data from the entire blasting process. This platform can be used to study the dust generation patterns under hydraulic blasting conditions, analyze the influence of various factors on dust suppression effects, and improve the dust suppression effect of actual hydraulic blasting operations, thus effectively simulating hydraulic blasting dust suppression experiments. However, the dust generation point of this experimental platform is a single location, while in actual blasting processes, the tunnel construction face involves multi-point blasting. Furthermore, this experimental platform suffers from problems such as poor similarity between the tunnel model and the actual tunnel, limited functionality, and limited monitoring methods, resulting in significant experimental errors. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the technical problems in the aforementioned background technology, such as poor similarity between tunnel blasting dust simulation tests and actual tunnels, limited functionality, and limited monitoring methods, this invention provides a similarity test model and method for simulating tunnel blasting dust.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] A similar test model that can simulate dust from tunnel blasting includes a monitoring area model and a dust-generating area model set up before and after the blasting.

[0006] The monitoring area model includes a horizontally placed first cylinder and a dust monitoring module located inside it. The dust monitoring module includes at least four particulate matter sensors located on the top, bottom, and side walls of the first cylinder.

[0007] The dust-generating area model includes a second cylinder placed horizontally and connected at its front end to the rear end of the first cylinder. A dust generating mechanism is provided inside the second cylinder. The dust generating mechanism includes a closed plate located inside the second cylinder, and several dust spraying devices are connected to the closed plate. The closed plate has pre-drilled holes. Each dust spraying device includes a hollow cylindrical shell with one end located inside the pre-drilled holes and the other end extending to the side of the closed plate away from the first cylinder. The shell has a powder inlet on its upper side, and an air supply mechanism is provided inside the closed end of the shell. A spraying device capable of spraying dust suppressant is also provided near the end of the second cylinder close to the first cylinder.

[0008] Multiple particulate matter sensors are installed within the monitoring area model to monitor dust concentrations at different locations across different cross sections, resulting in more scientifically accurate data. Dust generation within the model is achieved through a dust spraying device, replacing explosive dust generation, offering higher safety, controllable dust production, and good operability. Furthermore, the spraying device allows for further verification of the dust suppression effect of dust suppressants, providing preliminary data for their field application. This system not only simulates dust generation and diffusion patterns within tunnels but also facilitates simulation experiments with dust suppressants, demonstrating multiple functions and wide applicability.

[0009] Specifically, the first cylindrical body has an arched cross-section; the particulate matter sensor includes a first sensor and a fourth sensor respectively located at the top and bottom, and a second sensor and a third sensor respectively located on both sides; the first sensor and the fourth sensor are at the same horizontal distance from both sides of the first cylindrical body, the second sensor and the third sensor are located at the arched position of the first cylindrical body, and the fourth sensor is mounted on a support plate at a distance of 150° from the bottom of the first cylindrical body. L At the height of. Among them, C L It is a geometric similarity scale.

[0010] The four dust sensors are installed in reasonable positions, which can better obtain dust concentration information and have high monitoring accuracy. Moreover, when workers enter the tunnel, their breathing zone is located at about 1500mm above the ground. The vertical positioning of the fourth sensor can more accurately simulate the dust concentration in the human breathing zone of the monitoring model.

[0011] Preferably, the sealing plate matches the cross-section of the first cylinder and includes an arc-shaped plate and a rectangular plate arranged vertically. During simulation tests, the pre-made holes can be set on the arc-shaped plate and / or the rectangular plate according to the actual situation, which provides high flexibility.

[0012] In one preferred embodiment, the rectangular plate is provided with x columns and y rows of pre-fabricated holes;

[0013] Where x > 1, y > 1;

[0014] The rectangular plate includes two oppositely arranged sides and a bottom edge located between the lower ends of the two sides. Taking the intersection of the left side and the bottom edge as the origin, the coordinates of the center of the pre-made hole in the m-th row from bottom to top and the k-th column from left to right are ( , )for:

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] In the formula:

[0019] For the remainder function, For column numbers, The length of the base is 1. The side height, The number of pre-drilled holes is determined based on the working conditions before conducting the simulation test. Then, according to the above rules, several pre-drilled holes are positioned and connected to dust injection devices. This not only ensures the uniformity of the pre-drilled holes but also facilitates the adjustment of the number of pre-drilled holes and dust injection devices, making it convenient to manufacture and replace. It is highly flexible and can simulate different numbers of blasting conditions.

[0020] The first and second cylindrical bodies are connected by a mortise and tenon structure. The first cylindrical body has several L-shaped and square tenons on the side facing the second cylindrical body, while the second cylindrical body has several L-shaped and square slots on the side facing the first cylindrical body, which can respectively mate with the L-shaped and square tenons. The mortise and tenon structure provides high strength and good stability.

[0021] To enhance the detection range of the dust monitoring module, three dust monitoring modules are equidistantly arranged along the front-rear direction of the first cylinder.

[0022] Specifically, the spraying device includes a liquid storage bottle and a nozzle connected to the liquid storage bottle via a water outlet pipe. The upper sides of the first and second cylinders have several pre-drilled holes along the front-to-back direction, into which the nozzle can be inserted. The position of the nozzle can be flexibly adjusted for simulation tests to obtain the optimal position of the spraying device. Furthermore, the pre-drilled holes are designed for unidirectional insertion to prevent dust from being ejected from the other holes into the first and second cylinders during simulated explosions.

[0023] Preferably, the liquid storage bottle has a Z-shaped tenon on one side, and the outer side of the second cylinder has a groove that can be tenoned with the tenon. The tenoned connection between the liquid storage bottle and the second cylinder ensures installation stability while facilitating the removal of the liquid storage bottle.

[0024] The present invention also provides a test method, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Determine the model parameters;

[0026] Determine the geometric similarity ratio, and determine the dimensional parameters of the monitoring area model and the dust-generating area model based on the on-site working conditions;

[0027] S2. Create a monitoring area model;

[0028] Based on the dimensional parameters, the first cylinder was manufactured and the dust monitoring module was installed.

[0029] S3. Create a model of the dust-generating area;

[0030] Based on the dimensional parameters, complete the fabrication of the second cylinder and the installation of the dust injection device and spray device;

[0031] S4. Assembled model;

[0032] The monitoring area model and the dust-generating area model are spliced ​​and fixed together;

[0033] S5. Conduct simulation tests;

[0034] The dust generation rate was determined according to the experimental requirements, and a simulation experiment was completed.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following situations:

[0036] A. Dust generation pattern experiment;

[0037] SA1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device. Turn on the dust injection devices in sequence and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate sensor. A1 ;

[0038] SA2. Reload the dust, simultaneously turn on all dust injection devices, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. A2 ;

[0039] SA3, Comparative Analysis W A1 and W A2 To obtain the dust generation patterns under different blasting conditions;

[0040] B. Test of optimal nozzle position;

[0041] SB1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device. Add clean water to the storage bottle. Insert the nozzle into one of the pre-drilled holes, turn on the dust injection device and the spray device, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. B1 ;

[0042] SB2. Change the nozzle insertion position and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. B2 ;

[0043] SB3, Comparative Analysis W B1 and W B2 To obtain the optimal position of the nozzle;

[0044] C. Optimal concentration test of dust suppressant;

[0045] SC1. Prepare dust suppressant solutions of different concentrations. Weigh appropriate amounts of dust and place them into each dust spraying device. Add a dust suppressant solution of a certain concentration to the storage bottle. Turn on the dust spraying device and the spraying device, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. C1 ;

[0046] SC2. Replace the dust suppressant solution with different concentrations and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. C2 ;

[0047] SC3, Comparative Analysis W C1 and W C2 To obtain the optimal concentration of dust suppressant.

[0048] D. Dust suppressant effect test;

[0049] SD1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and place it into each dust injection device. Add clean water to the storage bottle, turn on the dust injection device and the spray device, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor. D1 ;

[0050] SD2. Replace the water in the storage bottle with dust suppressant and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate sensor. D2 ;

[0051] SD3, Comparative Analysis W D1 and W D2 To determine the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

[0052] The combined use of dust injection and spraying devices can not only simulate tunnel blasting dust, but also further verify the dust suppression effect of dust suppressants, providing preliminary evidence for the field application of dust suppressants.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, both the first and second cylinders are made of plexiglass sheets and are processed using a hot bending process, resulting in high strength.

[0054] Through the above design, the beneficial effects of the present invention in simulating tunnel blasting dust similar test models and methods are as follows:

[0055] (1) The similar test model (the above-mentioned similar test model that can simulate tunnel blasting dust) has high strength and good stability; the model is made of high-strength organic glass, and the connection method adopts mortise and tenon structure, which has high strength and good stability.

[0056] (2) High monitoring accuracy; all particulate matter sensors are distributed, which has high monitoring accuracy and can monitor dust concentration on different cross sections, making the monitoring data more scientific.

[0057] (3) Wide applicability of the test; it can conduct simulation tests for various working conditions and different targets. By using a spray device, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified, providing a preliminary basis for the field application of the dust suppressant.

[0058] (4) Less test workload; The use of a combination of a closed plate and a dust spraying device replaces the traditional filling material for the surrounding rock, effectively reducing the test workload and improving test efficiency without affecting the test error.

[0059] (5) High safety of the test: The dust generated by the dust injection device is used instead of the dust generated by the explosion, which has high safety, and the amount of dust generated is controllable and easy to operate. Attached Figure Description

[0060] In the attached diagram:

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a similar test model for simulating tunnel blasting dust according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a test method according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring area model in the embodiment;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support plate in the embodiment;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a front view of the dust-generating area model in the embodiment;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a rear view of the dust-generating area in the embodiment;

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second cylinder in the embodiment;

[0068] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spraying device in the embodiment;

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the Z-shaped tenon in the embodiment;

[0070] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the funnel in the embodiment;

[0071] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation framework in the embodiment;

[0072] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a simulated gun barrel in the embodiment;

[0073] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the dust spraying device in the embodiment;

[0074] The components represented by the various reference numerals in the diagram are:

[0075] 1. Monitoring area model; 11. First cylinder; 12. Particulate matter sensor; 13. Support plate; 14. L-shaped tenon; 15. Square tenon; 2. Dust-generating area model; 21. Second cylinder; 211. Reserved hole; 212. Z-shaped slot; 22. L-shaped slot; 23. Square slot; 24. Spray device; 241. Nozzle; 242. Water pipe; 243. Liquid storage bottle; 244. Funnel; 2441. Water inlet pipe; 2442. Switch; 2443. Water inlet; 245. Z-shaped tenon; 25. Simulation frame; 251. Sealing plate; 252. Pre-fabricated hole; 26. Simulated barrel; 27. Dust spraying device; 271. Outer shell; 272. Sealing cap; 273. Small motor; 274. Fan. Detailed Implementation

[0076] Example

[0077] See Figure 1 This embodiment first provides a similar test model that can simulate tunnel blasting dust, including a monitoring area model 1 and a dust-generating area model 2 set up before and after.

[0078] See Figure 3 The monitoring area model 1 includes a horizontally placed first cylinder 11 and a dust monitoring module located inside it. The dust monitoring module includes at least four particulate matter sensors 12 located on the top, bottom, and side walls of the first cylinder 11. The multiple particulate matter sensors 12 within the monitoring area model 1 allow for monitoring of dust concentration at different locations across different sections, resulting in more scientifically accurate monitoring data.

[0079] To enhance the detection range of the dust monitoring module, three dust monitoring modules are equidistantly arranged along the front and rear directions of the first cylinder 11.

[0080] Specifically, the first cylinder 11 has an arched cross-section; the particulate matter sensor 12 includes a first sensor and a fourth sensor respectively located at the top and bottom, and a second sensor and a third sensor respectively located on both sides; the first sensor and the fourth sensor are at the same horizontal distance from both sides of the first cylinder 11, the second sensor and the third sensor are located at the arched position of the first cylinder 11, and the fourth sensor is supported by a support plate 13 at a distance of 1500 mm from the bottom of the first cylinder 11. At the height of. Among them, It is a geometric similarity scale.

[0081] See Figure 4In specific implementation, the fourth sensor is set on the support plate 13. The support plate 13 is arranged at intervals a / 2 at the bottom of the first cylinder 11 by attaching double-sided tape, where a is the length of the monitoring area model 1. The support plate 13 is set to be L-shaped, with a length of 150mm, a width of 100mm, a height of 200mm, and a thickness of 10mm.

[0082] The four dust sensors are installed in reasonable positions, which can better obtain dust concentration information and have high monitoring accuracy. Moreover, when workers enter the tunnel, their breathing zone is located at about 1500mm above the ground. The vertical positioning of the fourth sensor can more accurately simulate the dust concentration in the human breathing zone of the monitoring model.

[0083] See Figures 5 to 7 The dust-generating area model 2 includes a second cylinder 21 placed horizontally and connected at its front end to the rear end of the first cylinder 11. The first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 are connected by a mortise and tenon structure. The first cylinder 11 has several L-shaped tenons 14 and square tenons 15 on its side facing the second cylinder 21, with the tenons extending 50mm towards the second cylinder 21 for easy connection. The second cylinder 21 has several L-shaped slots 22 and square slots 23 on its side facing the first cylinder 11, which can respectively mate with the L-shaped tenons 14 and square tenons 15. The connection method uses a mortise and tenon structure, which has high strength and good stability.

[0084] The second cylinder 21 is equipped with a dust generating mechanism. The dust generating mechanism includes a closed plate 251 located inside the second cylinder 21, and a plurality of dust injection devices 27 are connected to the closed plate 251. In the dust-generating area model 2, dust is generated by the dust injection devices 27 instead of explosive dust, which has higher safety, controllable dust generation, and good operability.

[0085] See Figure 13 The sealing plate 251 is provided with pre-made holes 252. Preferably, the sealing plate 251 matches the cross section of the first cylinder 11 and includes an arc-shaped plate and a rectangular plate arranged vertically. During the simulation test, the pre-made holes 252 can be set on the arc-shaped plate and / or the rectangular plate according to the actual situation, which is highly flexible.

[0086] In one preferred embodiment, the rectangular plate is provided with x columns and y rows of pre-made holes 252;

[0087] Where x > 1, y > 1;

[0088] The rectangular plate includes two oppositely arranged sides and a bottom edge located between the lower ends of the two sides. Taking the intersection of the left side and the bottom edge as the origin, the center coordinates (xm, yk) of the pre-drilled hole 252 in the m-th row from bottom to top and the k-th column from left to right are:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In the formula:

[0093] For the remainder function, For column numbers, The length of the base is 1. The side height, The number of pre-drilled holes 252 can be determined according to the working conditions before the simulation test. Then, according to the above rules, several pre-drilled holes 252 are positioned and connected to the dust injection device 27. This can ensure the uniformity of the pre-drilled holes 252, and also facilitate the adjustment of the number of pre-drilled holes 252 and dust injection device 27. It is convenient to manufacture and replace, highly flexible, and can simulate different numbers of blasting conditions.

[0094] In this embodiment, the dust injection device 27 includes a hollow cylindrical shell 271 with one end located in the pre-made hole 252 and the other end extending to the side of the sealing plate 251 away from the first cylinder 11, and is closed. The upper side of the shell 271 is provided with a powder filling port, and the interior of the closed end of the shell 271 is provided with an air supply mechanism.

[0095] In practice, the powder filling port is equipped with a sealing cap 272, and the air supply mechanism includes a small motor 273 and a fan 274. The outer shell 271 is made of metal and is T-shaped, including an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe arranged perpendicularly to each other. The powder filling port is located above the inlet pipe, which has a diameter of 50mm and a length of 50mm. The outlet pipe has a diameter of 45mm and a length of 50mm, which can be appropriately lengthened according to the working conditions. The small motor 273 and the fan 274 are connected and placed inside the outer shell 271. When in use, the sealing cap 272 is opened, an appropriate amount of powder is added according to the experimental requirements, then the sealing cap 272 is tightened, the motor power is turned on, and the powder is sprayed into the model.

[0096] As a preferred embodiment, see [link to previous document]. Figure 11 , Figure 12To enhance the stability of the dust injection device 27 and the depth of the simulated tunnel borehole, a simulation frame 25 is provided along the length of the second cylinder 21. The simulation frame 25 includes three parallel closed plates 251, made of plexiglass, spaced at intervals of (b-200) / 2, where b is the length of the dust-generating area model 2. Several simulated boreholes 26 are mounted on the simulation frame 25. One end of each simulated borehole 26 passes sequentially from back to front through pre-drilled holes 252 at the same location on the three closed plates 251, while the other end connects to the dust injection device 27. Using a simulation frame 25 made of plexiglass instead of traditional filling material effectively reduces the workload and improves efficiency without affecting experimental error.

[0097] The second cylinder 21 is also equipped with a spray device 24 capable of spraying dust suppressant at one end near the first cylinder 11. Using the spray device 24, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified, providing preliminary evidence for its field application. It can not only simulate the dust generation and diffusion patterns within the tunnel, but also conduct simulation tests of the dust suppressant, possessing multiple functions and wide applicability.

[0098] See Figure 8 , Figure 9 Specifically, the spray device 24 includes a liquid storage bottle 243 and a nozzle 241 connected to the liquid storage bottle 243 via a water outlet pipe 242. The upper side of the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 is provided with several pre-drilled holes 211 along the front-rear direction, each with a diameter of 25mm. The nozzle 241 can be inserted into the pre-drilled holes 211. Five pre-drilled holes 211 are arranged equidistantly from the dust outlet, allowing for flexible adjustment of the nozzle 241's position during simulation tests to obtain the optimal position of the spray device 24. Furthermore, the pre-drilled holes 211 are designed for unidirectional insertion to prevent dust from being ejected from the other holes outside the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 during simulated explosions.

[0099] Preferably, see Figure 7 , Figure 8 The liquid storage bottle 243 has a Z-shaped tenon on one side, and the outer side of the second cylinder 21 has a Z-shaped groove 212 that can be tenoned with the tenon. The dimensions (width*height*thickness) of the Z-shaped groove 212 are 150*100*50mm. The liquid storage bottle 243 is tenoned to the second cylinder 21, which ensures the stability of the installation while facilitating the removal of the liquid storage bottle 243.

[0100] The nozzle 241 is shaped like a pedestal with a larger top and a smaller bottom, and is used to spray droplets into a similar test model. The diameter of the larger end is 30mm, the diameter of the smaller end is 20mm, the overall height is 50mm, and the water outlet pipe 242 has a diameter of 20mm and a length of approximately 300mm, which can be appropriately lengthened.

[0101] See Figure 10 In a specific implementation, the spray device 24 further includes a funnel 244, which includes a 90-degree bent inlet pipe 2441, a switch 2442, and a water inlet 2443. The inlet pipe 2441 is 100mm long, with one end connected to 50mm below the mouth of the liquid storage bottle 243, and the other end provided with a water inlet 2443. A switch 2442 is also provided between the inlet pipe 2441 and the water inlet 2443. The water inlet 2443 is funnel-shaped to facilitate adding liquid into the liquid storage bottle 243.

[0102] See Figure 2 The present invention also provides a test method, comprising the following steps:

[0103] S1. Determine the model parameters;

[0104] Determine the geometric similarity ratio, and determine the size parameters of monitoring area model 1 and dust-generating area model 2 based on the on-site working conditions;

[0105] The formula for geometric similarity ratio is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula: For geometric similarity scales; The original length; The model length is given, and the geometric similarity scale is set to 10.

[0108] S2. Create monitoring area model 1;

[0109] Based on the dimensional parameters, the first cylinder 11 was manufactured and the dust monitoring module was installed.

[0110] S3. Create model 2 of the dust-generating area;

[0111] S3.1. Based on the dimensional parameters, complete the fabrication of the second cylinder 21 and the installation of the dust injection device 27 and the spray device 24;

[0112] S3.2 Five reserved holes 211 are set at equal intervals above the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 at distances of 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm and 140mm from the dust outlet;

[0113] S4. Assembled model;

[0114] Insert the L-shaped tenon 14 and square tenon 15 at the rear end of the monitoring area model 1 into the L-shaped slot 22 and square slot 23 at the front end of the dust-generating area model 2 to complete the splicing and fixing of the monitoring area model 1 and the dust-generating area model 2.

[0115] S5. Conduct simulation tests;

[0116] The dust generation rate was determined according to the experimental requirements, and a simulation experiment was completed.

[0117] Furthermore, in step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following situations:

[0118] A. Dust generation pattern experiment;

[0119] SA1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device 27. Turn on the dust injection devices 27 in sequence and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. A1 ;

[0120] SA2. Reload the dust, simultaneously turn on all dust injection devices 27, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. A2 ;

[0121] SA3, Comparative Analysis W A1 and W A2 To obtain the dust generation patterns under different blasting conditions;

[0122] B. Test of optimal position for nozzle 241;

[0123] SB1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and load it into each dust injection device 27. Add clean water to the storage bottle 243. Insert the nozzle 241 into one of the pre-drilled holes 211. Turn on the dust injection device 27 and the spray device 24. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. B1 ;

[0124] SB2, change the insertion position of nozzle 241, and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. B2 ;

[0125] SB3, Comparative Analysis W B1 and W B2 To obtain the optimal position of nozzle 241;

[0126] C. Optimal concentration test of dust suppressant;

[0127] SC1. Prepare dust suppressant solutions of different concentrations. Weigh appropriate amounts of dust and place them into each dust spraying device 27. Add a dust suppressant solution of a certain concentration to the storage bottle 243. Turn on the dust spraying device 27 and the spraying device 24. Monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. C1 ;

[0128] SC2. Replace the dust suppressant solution with different concentrations and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate sensor 12. C2 ;

[0129] SC3, Comparative Analysis W C1 and W C2 To obtain the optimal concentration of dust suppressant.

[0130] D. Dust suppressant effect test;

[0131] SD1. Weigh an appropriate amount of dust and place it into each dust injection device 27, add clean water to the storage bottle 243, turn on the dust injection device 27 and the spray device 24, and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor 12. D1 ;

[0132] SD2. Replace the water in storage bottle 243 with dust suppressant and conduct the test again, monitoring the dust concentration data W at each particulate sensor 12. D2 ;

[0133] SD3, Comparative Analysis W D1 and W D2 To determine the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

[0134] The dust injection device 27 and the spray device 24 are used together to not only simulate tunnel blasting dust, but also to further verify the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant, providing a preliminary basis for the field application of the dust suppressant.

[0135] In a preferred embodiment, both the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21 are made of plexiglass sheets and are processed using a hot bending process, resulting in high strength.

[0136] This invention provides a high-strength and stable similar test model and method for simulating tunnel blasting dust. The model is made of high-strength plexiglass, and the connection method uses a mortise and tenon structure, resulting in high strength and good stability. The particulate matter sensors 12 are distributed, providing high monitoring accuracy and enabling the monitoring of dust concentration at different cross-sections, making the monitoring data more scientific. Simulation tests can be conducted under various working conditions and with different targets. The dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant can be further verified using the spray device 24, providing preliminary evidence for the field application of the dust suppressant. The combined use of the sealing plate 251 and the dust spray device 27 replaces the traditional filling material for the surrounding rock, effectively reducing the workload and improving efficiency without affecting experimental error. The test is highly safe; using the dust spray device 27 to generate dust instead of blasting dust provides high safety, and the dust generation is controllable and easy to operate.

Claims

1. A similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blast, characterized in that, The monitoring area model (1) and the dust production area model (2) are arranged in front and back; The monitoring area model (1) comprises a horizontally arranged first cylinder (11) and a dust monitoring module arranged in the first cylinder (11), wherein the dust monitoring module comprises four particulate matter sensors (12) arranged on the top, bottom and two side walls of the first cylinder (11); The dust production area model (2) comprises a horizontally arranged second cylinder (21) connected with the rear end of the first cylinder (11), and a dust generation mechanism arranged in the second cylinder (21); The dust generation mechanism comprises a closed plate (251) arranged in the second cylinder (21), and a plurality of dust injection devices (27) connected to the closed plate (251); The closed plate (251) is provided with a prefabricated hole (252), and the dust injection device (27) comprises a hollow columnar shell (271) with one end located in the prefabricated hole (252) and the other end extending to the side of the closed plate (251) away from the first cylinder (11), and the upper side of the shell (271) is provided with a powder loading port, and the inside of the closed end of the shell (271) is provided with an air supply mechanism; The second cylinder (21) is also provided with a spraying device (24) capable of spraying dust suppressant near the end of the first cylinder (11); The closed plate (251) matches the cross section of the first cylinder (11), and comprises an arc plate body and a rectangular plate body arranged in upper and lower positions, and the rectangular plate body is provided with x columns and y rows of prefabricated holes (252), wherein x>1 and y>1; The rectangular plate body comprises two opposite side edges and a bottom edge arranged between the lower ends of the two side edges. The center coordinates (x m , y k ) of the center of the prefabricated hole (252) in the mth row from bottom to top and the kth column from left to right are: ， ， ， The first cylinder (11) has an arc-shaped structure in cross section; is a remainder function, is a column number, is a base length, is a side height, is a row number.

2. A similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particulate matter sensor (12) comprises a first sensor and a fourth sensor arranged on the top and the bottom respectively, and a second sensor and a third sensor arranged on the two sides respectively; The first cylinder (11) and the second cylinder (21) are connected through a mortise and tenon structure; The first sensor and the fourth sensor are located at the same horizontal distance from the first cylinder (11), the second sensor and the third sensor are located at the arch position of the first cylinder (11), and the fourth sensor is erected at a height of 1500 / C L from the bottom of the first cylinder (11) through the support plate (13). where C L is the geometric similarity scale.

3. A similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the first cylinder (11) facing the second cylinder (21) is provided with a plurality of L-shaped tenons (14) and square tenons (15), and the side of the second cylinder (21) facing the first cylinder (11) is provided with a plurality of L-shaped grooves (22) and square grooves (23) capable of cooperating with the L-shaped tenons (14) and the square tenons (15) respectively. The dust monitoring module is equidistantly arranged along the front and back directions of the first cylinder (11).

4. The similar test model capable of simulating tunnel blasting dust production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying device (24) comprises a liquid storage bottle (243) and a spray head (241) in communication with the liquid storage bottle (243) through a water pipe (242); 5. A similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper sides of the first cylinder (11) and the second cylinder (21) are provided with a plurality of reserved holes (211) along the front and back directions, and the spray head (241) can be inserted into the reserved hole (211). The side of the liquid storage bottle (243) is provided with a Z-shaped tenon (245), and the outside of the second cylinder (21) is provided with a groove (212) capable of tenon joint cooperation with the tenon (245).

6. A similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blasting according to claim 5, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps:

7. A test method using a similar test model capable of simulating the dust production of a tunnel blast as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, S1, determining the model parameters; determine the geometric similarity ratio, and determine the size parameters of the monitoring area model (1) and the dust production area model (2) according to the site working condition; S2, manufacturing the monitoring area model (1); ​ According to the size parameters, the first cylinder (11) is manufactured and the dust monitoring module is installed; S3, manufacturing dust area model (2); According to the size parameters, the second cylinder (21) is manufactured and the dust injection device (27) and the spray device (24) are installed; S4, assembling the model; The monitoring area model (1) and the dust area model (2) are spliced and fixed; S5, simulation test; According to the test requirements, the dust production is determined, and the simulation experiment is completed.

8. A test method according to claim 7, characterised in that, In step S5, the simulation experiment specifically includes the following types: A, dust production test; SA1, an appropriate amount of dust is weighed into each dust injection device (27), the dust injection device (27) is opened in turn, and the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) is monitored A1 ; SA2, recharging dust, all dust injection devices (27) are opened at the same time, monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) A2 ; SA3, comparative analysis of W A1 and W A2 , to obtain the dust production law under different blasting conditions; B, best position test of spray head (241); SB1, an appropriate amount of dust is weighed into each dust injection device (27), clean water is added to the liquid storage bottle (243), the spray head (241) is inserted into one of the reserved holes (211), the dust injection device (27) and the spraying device (24) are turned on, and the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) is monitored B1 ; SB2, replace the insert position of the spray head (241) and test again, monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) B2 ; SB3, comparative analysis W B1 and W B2 , to obtain the best position of the spray head (241); C, best concentration test of dust suppressant; SC1, prepare dust suppressant solutions of different concentrations, take an appropriate amount of dust into each dust injection device (27), add a dust suppressant solution of a certain concentration to the liquid storage bottle (243), turn on the dust injection device (27) and the spraying device (24), and monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) C1 ; SC2, replace the dust suppressant solution of different concentrations, and test again, monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) C2 ; SC3, comparative analysis W C1 and W C2 , to obtain the optimal concentration of dust suppressant; D, dust suppressant effect test; SD1, an appropriate amount of dust is weighed into each dust injection device (27), and clean water is added to the liquid storage bottle (243), the dust injection device (27) and the spraying device (24) are turned on, and the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) is monitored D1 ; SD2, replace the clean water in the liquid storage bottle (243) with a dust suppressant, and conduct the test again to monitor the dust concentration data W at each particulate matter sensor (12) D2 ; SD3, comparative analysis W D1 and W D2 , determine the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant.

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