Carbon emission pressure assessment method, assessment model and system based on land gradient utilization, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land utilization change evaluation, in particular to a carbon emission pressure evaluation method, evaluation model and system based on land gradient utilization and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: calculating carbon absorption amount and carbon emission generated by land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided according to gradient grades in a to-be-evaluated region; according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, determining the carbon emission pressure index change intensity corresponding to each gradient grade in the to-be-evaluated region; and determining a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation result of the to-be-evaluated region according to the carbon emission pressure index change intensity. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon emission pressure of an area with obvious vertical zone and altitude gradient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of land use change evaluation, and particularly relates to a carbon emission pressure assessment method, an assessment model, a system and a storage medium based on land gradient utilization. Background Technique

[0002] Land use is the way and condition of human utilization of the natural attributes of land, and is also the most direct manifestation of the interaction between humans and nature. As an embodiment of the surface height and form, terrain drives the distribution of resources and human activities by acting on the migration of surface materials and energy conversion, and determines the formation of the national land space pattern. Clarifying the role of terrain in the development and utilization of national land space is the basis and premise for analyzing the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization and its regulation.

[0003] Currently, most common calculation methods for carbon emission pressure are applied in areas with relatively gentle terrain, such as plain areas. If applied in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, such as the central and eastern parts of Yunnan, where various land use types such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area and urban land are significantly affected by altitude, it is easy to ignore the changes in the spatial distribution of the area caused by land vertical differentiation and / or gradient stratification, which bring changes to the carbon emission pressure of the land, and thus cause inaccurate assessment of the carbon emission effect in the area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization, aiming to solve the problem of how to accurately assess the carbon emission pressure in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization provided by the present application includes:

[0006] Calculating the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops and the carbon absorption amount of water area, and the carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount of industrial production process, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration and the carbon volatilization amount of water area, and the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0007] Determining the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount;

[0008] Based on the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index, determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated.

[0009] Optionally, the calculation steps of the carbon absorption amount include:

[0010] (1.1) Carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation

[0011] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0012] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0013] Take the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation;

[0014] (1.2) Carbon absorption amount of crops

[0015] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the target sub-region, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0016] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0017] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption amount of crops;

[0018] (1.3) Carbon absorption amount of water area

[0019] Obtain the carbon fixation rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the target sub-region;

[0020] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area according to the carbon fixation rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the target sub-region.

[0021] Optionally, the calculation steps of the carbon emission amount include:

[0022] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0023] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Also, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel.

[0024] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0025] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the target sub-region.

[0026] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor.

[0027] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes.

[0028] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0029] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient. Also,

[0030] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient. Also,

[0031] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume in domestic sewage in the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume. Also,

[0032] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount.

[0033] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type of municipal solid waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generated from the incineration of municipal solid waste, the total methane generated from the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors.

[0034] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0035] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0036] Obtain the rice planting area of the target type of rice and the methane emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0037] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of the target type of animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor.

[0038] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of each of the target type of animals.

[0039] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0040] Obtain the population number and the human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the target sub-region based on the population number, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor.

[0041] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount in the target sub-region, and calculate the autotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation and the soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount;

[0042] Determine the respiration carbon emission amount according to the human and livestock respiration carbon emission amount, and the autotrophic respiration of the plants and the soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount corresponding to each of the target types of vegetation;

[0043] (1.9) Carbon emission from water area volatilization

[0044] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon emission from water area volatilization according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0045] Optionally, the steps for dividing the target sub-region include:

[0046] Divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions with a target radius range as a unit;

[0047] Calculate the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions;

[0048] Determine the target gradient where each of the target sub-regions is located according to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions is located;

[0049] Determine the sub-regions in the same target gradient as the target sub-region composed of one or more of the sub-regions.

[0050] Optionally, the steps for calculating the topographic position index corresponding to each of the target sub-regions specifically include:

[0051] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in units of pixels, and take the average of the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius range centered on the target pixel to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0052] Based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius range:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window of the target radius range R; u ijLet \(H\) be the local window centered on the target pixel at the \((i, j)\) position. ij and \(S\) ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively. is the average elevation value. is the average slope value.

[0055] Optionally, the step of determining the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount includes:

[0056] Taking the ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount as the carbon emission pressure index;

[0057] Determining the difference in the carbon footprint pressure index between the end segment and the initial segment of the area to be evaluated within a preset historical period;

[0058] Taking the ratio between the difference in the carbon footprint pressure index and the carbon footprint pressure index at the initial segment as the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be evaluated within the preset historical period.

[0059] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model, and the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model includes:

[0060] A carbon absorption and emission calculation module, configured to calculate the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each sub - area divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops, and the carbon absorption amount of water areas, and the carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount in the industrial production process, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration, and the carbon volatilization emission amount of water areas. The gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0061] A carbon emission pressure index change intensity calculation module, configured to determine the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount;

[0062] A carbon emission effect evaluation module, configured to determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated based on the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index.

[0063] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer system, the computer system comprising: a memory, a processor, and a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0064] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is stored, and when the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0065] The present application at least has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] 1. By calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension; and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, it accurately reflects the carbon emission status of regional land gradient utilization under the intervention of natural and human activities, and then constructs a carbon emission accounting model for regional land gradient utilization that is more in line with vertical zonality and obvious altitude gradient;

[0067] 2. By introducing gradient levels to divide the area of land to be evaluated to analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction, and analyzing the land use distribution and changes under different gradient levels, it not only considers the overall impact of terrain on land use, but also deeply analyzes the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types in the case of vertical differentiation and gradient stratification of land, so as to accurately evaluate the change of carbon emission pressure in the land area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient;

[0068] 3. Using the topographic position index calculated by elevation value and slope value, the area of land to be evaluated is divided into multiple target sub-regions with different target gradients; after evaluating the two dimensions of the topographic gradient effect and the land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region, the evaluation result of the land change degree of the area of land to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing the accurate evaluation of complex land areas, and providing an analysis basis for the subsequent research and regulation of the change of carbon emission pressure in complex land areas. Description of the Drawings

[0069] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization of the present application;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in the carbon emission pressure of the land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 based on the calculation of the carbon emission pressure index involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0072] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the evaluation model for the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0073] The realization, functional features, and advantages of the purpose of this application will be further described in combination with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed implementation manners

[0074] To better understand the above technical solutions, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0075] The first embodiment

[0076] Referring to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, the carbon emission pressure evaluation method based on land gradient utilization includes the following steps:

[0077] Step S10: Calculate the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by the gradient level in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops, and the carbon absorption amount of water areas. The carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount of industrial production processes, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration, and the carbon volatilization emission amount of water areas. The gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0078] In this embodiment, the area to be evaluated is divided into multiple target sub-regions with the gradient level as the research unit, and then the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization in each target sub-region are calculated respectively.

[0079] It should be noted that the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land. The topographic position index (TPI) is an index used to describe topographic features. The traditional topographic position index is mainly obtained by comparing the elevation value of a grid point with the average elevation value of its surrounding area. However, the topographic position index proposed in this embodiment is calculated using the elevation value and slope value.

[0080] Optionally, the calculation steps of the topographic position index in this embodiment are as follows:

[0081] Step S11, select any pixel in the to-be-evaluated area as the target pixel in units of pixels. Taking the target pixel as the center, average the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius range to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0082] Step S12, based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius range:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the (i, j) position, H ij and S ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0085] Optionally, both the elevation value and slope value in the embodiment can be obtained through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, the initial DEM data downloaded from the Earth Science Data website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) can be selected. The spatial resolution is 12.5m × 12.5m (that is, the size of one pixel is 12.5m). Compared with the SRTM and ASTER product data, its resolution and three-dimensional details are the best, which can meet the research's need for higher-precision data analysis and mapping, and show the three-dimensional characteristics of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration as much as possible, improving the calculation accuracy. After preprocessing such as projection, mosaicking, extraction, resampling, and surface analysis of the downloaded initial DEM product data, the digital elevation model data containing elevation values and slope values required in this embodiment can be obtained.

[0087] Optionally, for how to divide the target sub - regions based on the topographic position index T ij (R), taking the same target radius range R as a unit, first divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub - regions, and then apply the aforementioned topographic position index calculation formula to calculate the topographic position index T ij (R) of each sub - region. According to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each sub - region is located, determine the target gradient where each of the said target sub - regions is located.

[0088] In some specific embodiments, the area to be evaluated is the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the central and eastern parts of Yunnan Province, whose topographic position index is between 0 and 1.22. It is divided into five gradient levels: I(0 - 0.40), II(0.40 - 0.53), III(0.53 - 0.63), IV(0.63 - 0.74), and V(0.74 - 1.22). When the value of the topographic position index corresponding to a sub - region is within the above - mentioned corresponding interval, it can be determined which target sub - interval corresponding to which target gradient level the sub - region belongs to.

[0089] In this embodiment, the carbon absorption amount is calculated from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water area dimension. The calculated carbon absorption amount is the carbon absorption amount of the terrestrial ecosystem in the area to be evaluated.

[0090] For the natural vegetation dimension, the photosynthesis of natural vegetation is a process in which organisms use light energy for carbon fixation. When evaluating the carbon sink of terrestrial vegetation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation per unit time, that is, GPP, is usually used for characterization.

[0091] For the crop dimension, during the growth period of crops, they will capture CO2 in the air through photosynthesis, synthesize carbohydrates and release oxygen for their own growth and development. Using crop yields to account for carbon absorption is a mature and feasible method.

[0092] For the water area dimension, water area carbon absorption is an indispensable link in the natural carbon cycle. It mainly dissolves CO2 into water through two ways: water area carbon fixation and wet and dry deposition, thus playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

[0093] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated as the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, carbon emissions from respiration, and water area carbon volatilization emissions.

[0094] For the definitions of different carbon emissions, they are specifically as follows:

[0095] For the energy consumption dimension, the energy consumption dimension mainly includes energy consumption carbon emissions and biomass fuels. Energy consumption is an important emission source of greenhouse gases, and traditional energy consumption represented by fossil energy is the main source of carbon emissions. In some specific embodiments, 20 energy types such as raw coal, washed clean coal, coke, gasoline, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the main accounting items. Biomass fuels are widely sourced, have a large calorific value, a low density, and are easily combusted, and are the main energy sources in the daily lives of rural residents.

[0096] For the industrial production process dimension, industrial production carbon emissions are an important emission source carried by construction land, including CO2 generated during the industrial production process and product use, as well as CO2 generated from the non-energy use of fossil energy carbon. It should be noted that since energy consumption carbon emissions have been separately accounted for in the energy consumption dimension, only carbon emissions caused by industrial production processes are considered.

[0097] For the waste treatment dimension, the greenhouse gases released during the waste treatment process will have a negative impact on the environment and exacerbate global warming. Due to the complexity of the waste treatment process and the difficulty of obtaining data, rural domestic waste is usually discarded without treatment. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, referring to the calculation suggestions put forward in the "Guidelines for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Trial)", CH4 and CO2 generated from the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater are selected for accounting, and carbon emissions from rural domestic waste are not considered.

[0098] For the agricultural dimension, agricultural carbon emissions come from carbon emissions caused by agricultural activities, including agricultural production carbon emissions, CH4 release from paddy fields, animal intestinal fermentation, and manure management. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, considering that the degree of agricultural mechanization in vertical gradient regions is not high and large-scale agriculture is not yet mature, and the statistics on farmland irrigation, plowing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment are incomplete, therefore, agricultural production carbon emissions are considered to be accounted for from the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films.

[0099] For the respiration dimension, the carbon emissions generated by respiration are part of the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Optionally, the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated can be accounted for from aspects such as human and animal respiration, autotrophic respiration of vegetation, and heterotrophic respiration of soil.

[0100] For the water area carbon volatilization dimension, water area carbon volatilization is a natural carbon release process. Optionally, water area carbon volatilization can cover river carbon volatilization and lake carbon volatilization.

[0101] Step S20, according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, determine the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated;

[0102] In this embodiment, after calculating the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount through the above carbon absorption and emission model, the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level is calculated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount.

[0103] The change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index is the degree of strength of the change in the regional carbon emission pressure index at different times. With the dynamic change of the time series, the degree of influence of the carbon emission pressure index by land gradient utilization varies greatly. The carbon emission pressure indexes at different time cross-sections are different, and there are differences in the influence of the surface human activity intensity on the carbon cycle of the regional terrestrial ecosystem.

[0104] The carbon emission pressure index is an important indicator to measure the regional carbon emission pressure situation. It is mainly based on the ratio of regional carbon emissions and carbon absorption amount, reflecting the disturbance impact of human activities on the regional ecological environment. The analysis of the carbon emission pressure index can reflect the external impact of regional CO2 emissions on the growth and reproduction of biological individuals or populations within the terrestrial ecosystem. In this embodiment, the carbon emission pressure of land gradient utilization is explored through the carbon emission pressure index, revealing the impact and pressure degree of human activities on land resources and the ecological environment.

[0105] Optionally, the calculation steps of the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index can be as follows:

[0106] Step S21, taking the ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount as the carbon emission pressure index;

[0107] Step S22, determining the difference in the carbon footprint pressure index between the end section and the start section of the area to be evaluated within a preset historical period;

[0108] Step S23, taking the ratio between the difference in the carbon footprint pressure index and the carbon footprint pressure index at the start section as the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be evaluated within the preset historical period.

[0109] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon emission pressure index:

[0110] CFI = CE / CS

[0111] In the formula, CFI is the carbon emission pressure index generated by land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, CE is the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated, and CS is the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated.

[0112] When the carbon emission pressure index is less than 1, it indicates that the carbon emission of land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated is less than the carbon absorption, and it is in the state of carbon balance in the ecosystem; when it is greater than 1, it indicates that the carbon emission is greater than the carbon absorption, and the carbon cycle pressure in the ecosystem is large.

[0113] The change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index, its calculation formula is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] Wherein, δ t is the change intensity of the carbon footprint pressure index of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration within time t, CFI0 is the initial carbon footprint pressure index, and CFI t is the final carbon footprint pressure index.

[0116] Step S30: Determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization of the area to be evaluated based on the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index.

[0117] In this embodiment, after calculating the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index, the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization of the area to be evaluated is evaluated according to the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index, so as to generate an evaluation result of the carbon emission effect obtained by analyzing based on the land gradient utilization.

[0118] It should be noted that the specific evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization is determined according to the vertical zonality and altitude gradient in the area to be evaluated. The evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization referred to in this embodiment is a data set, and this data set can be displayed in a visual form in the user interface.

[0119] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, on the one hand, by calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension, and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, a carbon emission and absorption calculation model that is more in line with the area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient is constructed; on the other hand, the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and the slope value is used to divide the land area to be evaluated into multiple target sub-regions with different target gradients; after evaluating the terrain gradient effect and the land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region in two dimensions, the evaluation result of the land change degree of the land area to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing the accurate evaluation of the complex land area, and providing an analysis basis for the subsequent research and regulation of the carbon emission effect of the complex land area; on the other hand, by introducing gradient levels to divide the land area to be evaluated to analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction, and analyzing the land use distribution and changes under different gradient levels, not only considering the overall impact of the terrain on land use, but also deeply analyzing the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification, realizing the accurate evaluation of the land area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0120] Second Embodiment

[0121] Based on the first embodiment, in this embodiment, regarding how to calculate the carbon absorption amount from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water area dimension, the calculation methods for the above three dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0122] (1.1) Carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation

[0123] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0124] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation according to the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0125] Take the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation;

[0126] Exemplarily, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, CS vegetation is the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, GPP i is the carbon sink capacity per unit area of vegetation of target type i, A i is the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation.

[0129] Furthermore, the value of GPP i can be referred to as shown in Table 1 below:

[0130] Table 1. Carbon absorption parameters of natural vegetation

[0131]

[0132] (1.2) Carbon absorption amount of crops

[0133] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the target sub-region, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0134] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0135] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption amount of crops;

[0136] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for carbon absorption of crops is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, CScrops is the carbon absorption amount of crops; Y i is the biological yield of the target type of crop i, which is mainly obtained by dividing the economic yield (YE i ) of the corresponding crop by its economic coefficient (H i ); CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crop i for synthesizing a unit of organic matter; P i is the water content of the target type of crop i.

[0139] Furthermore, the crop carbon absorption parameters are shown in Table 2 below:

[0140] Table 2. Crop carbon absorption parameters

[0141]

[0142] (1.3) Water area carbon absorption amount

[0143] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the target sub-region in the target sub-region;

[0144] Calculate the water area carbon absorption amount according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the target sub-region.

[0145] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the water area carbon absorption amount is as follows:

[0146]

[0147] In the formula, CS water is the water area carbon absorption amount; WSR is the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water; A water is the water area; WDD is the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water, and A is the total area of the target sub-region.

[0148] Furthermore, the water area carbon absorption and carbon emission parameters are shown in Table 3 below:

[0149] Table 3. Water area carbon absorption and carbon emission parameters

[0150]

[0151] Third Embodiment

[0152] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, for how to calculate the carbon emissions from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, the calculation methods for the above six dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0153] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0154] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor. Additionally, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor. Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel.

[0155] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, CE energy is the carbon emissions from energy consumption; E i is the consumption of the i-th type of target energy; NCV i is the net calorific value (also known as the average lower heating value) of the i-th type of target energy; EM i is the CO2 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy, which can be calculated by the product of the carbon content per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate; CF i is the CH4 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy.

[0158] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission parameters for each energy type can be referred to in Table 4 below:

[0159] Table 4. Carbon emission parameters for each energy type

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion is as follows:

[0163]

[0164] In the formula, CE biomass is the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion; E i is the fuel consumption of the i-th type of target biomass fuel, including the consumption of straw (rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, soybeans, and cotton) and firewood; EM i and CFi They are the CO2 and CH4 emission factors of the biomass fuel of the target type, and the specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0165] Furthermore, the calculation formulas for the consumption of straw burned directly as fuel and burned in the open air are as follows:

[0166]

[0167] In the formula, E is the consumption of straw burned, and P k is the yield of the k-th kind of crop, N k is the straw-to-grain ratio of the k-th kind of crop, R is the straw burning ratio, and η is the combustion rate. The specific parameters are shown in Table 5:

[0168] Table 5. Parameters of straw consumption

[0169]

[0170] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0171] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the industrial product of the target type in the target sub-region;

[0172] Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the industrial product of the target type according to the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0173] Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each industrial product of the target type as the carbon emissions from the industrial production process;

[0174] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for industrial production carbon emissions is as follows:

[0175]

[0176] In the formula, CE manu is the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each industrial product of the target type; Q i is the production volume of the industrial product i of the target type; EF i is the CO2 emission factor of the industrial product i of the target type;

[0177] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors in the industrial production process can be referred to in Table 6:

[0178] Table 6. Carbon emission factors in industrial production processes

[0179]

[0180]

[0181] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0182] Obtain the annual waste generation amount, the annual landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill according to the annual waste generation amount, the annual landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0183] Obtain the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region according to the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0184] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage in the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0185] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment according to the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0186] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment according to the sum of the methane emissions of each target type of domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector;

[0187] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for carbon emissions from urban domestic waste landfill is as follows:

[0188]

[0189] P0 = LCF × DOC × DOC f × L × 16 / 12

[0190] In the formula, is the CH4 emission of carbon emissions from urban domestic waste landfill; W p is the waste generation amount in the current year of this region; W dis the landfill treatment rate; P0 is the CH4 generation potential of different types of domestic waste landfills (10 4 tCH4 / 10 4 t waste). LCF is the CH4 correction factor (ratio) for each type of domestic waste landfill; DOC is the biodegradable organic carbon; DOC f is the decomposition ratio of biodegradable organic carbon (DOC); L is the proportion of CH4 in the landfill gas; R is the CH4 recovery amount; OF is the oxidation factor.

[0191] It should be noted that the above calculation model for carbon emissions from municipal solid waste landfills is constructed based on the characteristics of domestic waste in Europe and America, and there will be errors in evaluating CH4 emissions from landfills in China. Therefore, it needs to be corrected. Thus, in this embodiment, LCF is introduced as the CH4 correction factor for each type of domestic waste landfill.

[0192] Furthermore, the values of each parameter can be referred to in Table 7 below:

[0193] Table 7. Parameters for CH4 emissions from municipal solid waste landfills

[0194]

[0195]

[0196] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for municipal solid waste incineration is as follows:

[0197]

[0198] In the formula, is the carbon emission of the municipal solid waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year; WI is the incineration treatment volume of municipal solid waste; WCP is the proportion of carbon content in municipal solid waste; MCP is the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon of domestic waste; IE is the combustion efficiency of municipal solid waste; 44 / 12 is the conversion coefficient for converting carbon to CO2.

[0199] Furthermore, for the parameter values in the carbon emission calculation formula of municipal solid waste incineration, refer to Table 8 below:

[0200] Table 8. Calculation parameters for carbon emissions from domestic sewage treatment

[0201]

[0202] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for domestic sewage treatment is as follows:

[0203]

[0204] In the formula, $CH_4$ is the methane emission of urban domestic waste in the year of the area to be evaluated; BOD is the total amount of organic matter in domestic sewage; G is the maximum production capacity of $CH_4$; MCF is the $CH_4$ correction factor; R is the $CH_4$ recovery amount.

[0205] It should be noted that since only the chemical oxygen demand (COD) data is statistically available in China, COD can be converted to BOD during calculation, and the conversion coefficient is 0.51.

[0206] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for industrial wastewater treatment is as follows:

[0207]

[0208] In the formula, $\sum_{i}CH_{4i}$ is the total amount of $CH_4$ released from industrial wastewater treatment in the area to be evaluated; i is the target industrial sector; COD i is the total amount of biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater of the target industrial sector i; D i is the organic matter removed in the form of sludge by the target industrial sector i.

[0209] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 9.

[0210] Table 9. Carbon Emission Parameters for Wastewater Treatment

[0211]

[0212] (1.7) Agricultural Carbon Emissions

[0213] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0214] Obtain the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-region, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0215] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor and the manure management methane emission factor in the target sub-region, and calculate the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type of animals according to the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor and the manure management methane emission factor;

[0216] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of each target type of animals;

[0217] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emissions of agricultural production is as follows:

[0218]

[0219] In the formula, CE agriculture is the carbon emissions of agricultural production; Q i is the input quantity of the target type of agricultural production material i; EF i is the carbon emission factor of the target type of agricultural production material i.

[0220] Furthermore, for the values of the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials, see Table 10 below:

[0221] Table 10. Carbon Emission Factors of Agricultural Production Materials

[0222]

[0223] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the methane emissions of the target type of rice is as follows:

[0224]

[0225] In the formula, CE paddy is the total CH4 emissions from paddy fields; m is the rice planting type; A m is the planting area of the target type of rice m; EF i is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the target type of rice m.

[0226] Furthermore, for the values of the carbon emission factors of rice, see Table 11 below:

[0227] Table 11. Values of Carbon Emission Factors of Rice

[0228]

[0229] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emissions of animal intestinal fermentation and manure management is as follows:

[0230]

[0231] In the formula, CE animal is the carbon emissions of animal intestinal fermentation and manure management; N k is the number of the target type of animal k; EF k1 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the intestinal fermentation of the target type of animal k, and EF k2 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of the target type of animal k;

[0232] Furthermore, for the values of the CH4 emission factors corresponding to the manure management of the target type of animal k, see Table 12 below:

[0233] Table 12. CH4 Emission Factors for Animal Intestinal Fermentation and Manure Management

[0234]

[0235] (1.8) Carbon Emissions from Respiration

[0236] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the target sub-region according to the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0237] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions. Calculate the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0238] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration according to the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation;

[0239] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration is:

[0240]

[0241] In the formula, CE breathe is the carbon emissions generated by human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated; N h is the population quantity, N ai is the quantity of the target type of livestock i; EF h is the carbon emission factor of human respiration, EF ai is the carbon emission factor of the target type of livestock i respiration.

[0242] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 13 below:

[0243] Table 13. Carbon Emission Factors for Human and Livestock Respiration

[0244]

[0245] (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Emissions from Water Areas

[0246] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. Calculate the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0247] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the water area carbon volatilization amount is as follows:

[0248]

[0249] In the formula, CE water is the water area carbon volatilization amount of the area to be evaluated; A i is the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated; EF is the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0250] Among them, the value of the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes can be referred to Table 3 in the second embodiment.

[0251] The Fourth Embodiment

[0252] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, based on the land gradient utilization carbon emission accounting system of carbon emission pressure proposed in the foregoing embodiments, the evaluation results of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect in the area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient are analyzed.

[0253] Taking the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province during 2000 - 2020 as the area to be evaluated, based on the constructed land use transfer matrix above, the area change of the land use type of the land gradient utilization type transfer characteristics of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is analyzed. In this example, the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is divided into five gradient levels: I (0 - 0.40), II (0.40 - 0.53), III (0.53 - 0.63), IV (0.63 - 0.74), and V (0.74 - 1.22).

[0254] For the ecosystem, carbon emission, as an external interference, will affect its balance and stability. To deeply analyze the environmental pressure brought by the land gradient utilization carbon emission in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. In this embodiment, according to the carbon emission pressure index, the land gradient utilization carbon emission pressure of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 is calculated (refer to Figure 2). During the study period, the carbon emission pressure index of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration continued to rise, and the value was greater than 1, reflecting that the increasing carbon emissions in the study area and the lagging carbon absorption capacity led to a gradual increase in the pressure index. The carbon cycle pressure of the ecosystem in the entire region is getting greater and greater, and it is in a long-term imbalance state. At the same time, the carbon emission pressure under the five gradient levels is different. The carbon emissions and carbon absorption of the level I gradient are highly inconsistent, and the carbon balance of the regional ecosystem is seriously imbalanced. It is worth noting that during the study period, this imbalance state has not only not been alleviated, but has a worsening trend. The level II gradient also shows a trend of increasing carbon emission pressure. Although the carbon emission pressure index was slightly lower than the average level of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2010, it has exceeded the average level since 2015, and the carbon balance of the regional ecosystem has accelerated. Relatively speaking, the carbon emission pressure index of the level III to V gradients remained below 1, indicating that during the study period, carbon emissions were effectively controlled under the medium and high gradient levels, carbon emissions were less than carbon absorption, and the regional ecosystem was in a carbon balance state.

[0255] Table 14. Change intensity of carbon emission pressure index of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration (%)

[0256]

[0257] As shown in Table 14, the intensity of the pressure index change of carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration shows a U-shaped trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The intensity of the carbon emission pressure index change was relatively large from 2000 to 2005, which was 73.150%, indicating that the carbon cycle pressure in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration was excessive during this period and the imbalance of the ecosystem was becoming more severe. Subsequently, the intensity of the carbon emission pressure index change began to decline and reached a trough (9.279%) from 2010 to 2015, indicating that the carbon emission pressure in the study area was slightly alleviated during this period. From 2015 to 2020, the intensity of the pressure index change began to increase again, reaching 21.472%, which also shows that the carbon emission pressure in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is gradually increasing, and the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization have increased significantly. At the same time, there are significant differences in the intensity of the carbon emission pressure index change under different gradient levels. The carbon emission intensity pressure index of the I-level gradient has the largest change, rapidly decreasing from 61.829% to the bottom, and then began to increase, which is consistent with the change trend of the overall carbon emission pressure index in the study area. The change of carbon emission intensity pressure index in the level II gradient also shows a U-shaped trend, but the fluctuation is relatively small. The intensity of change of carbon emission pressure index in the level III and level IV gradients continues to decline. The carbon emissions of these two gradients are less than the carbon absorption capacity, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem has a large carbon absorption potential. The change trend of the level V gradient is more complex, showing a wave-like change trend.

[0258] As an implementation plan, Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the hardware operating environment architecture of the computer system involved in the solution of the embodiment of the present application.

[0259] As shown in Figure 3 , the computer system may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a memory 1005, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to implement the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display) and an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0260] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 3 the computer system architecture shown in

[0261] does not constitute a limitation on the computer system, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component layout. Figure 3 As shown in

[0262] In Figure 3 the computer system shown, the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to the terminal and perform data communication with the terminal; the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to the background server and perform data communication with the background server; the processor 1001 may be used to call the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005.

[0263] In this embodiment, the computer system includes: a memory 1005, a processor 1001, and a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored on the memory and operable on the processor, where:

[0264] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0265] Calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by the gradient level in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops, and the carbon absorption of water areas. The carbon emissions are calculated by the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption, the carbon emissions from industrial production processes, the carbon emissions from waste treatment, the carbon emissions from agriculture, the carbon emissions from respiration, and the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas. The gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0266] According to the carbon absorption and the carbon emissions, determine the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated;

[0267] Based on the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index, determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated.

[0268] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0269] (1.1) Carbon absorption of natural vegetation

[0270] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the target type vegetation corresponding to the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type vegetation;

[0271] Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0272] Take the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type vegetation as the carbon absorption of natural vegetation;

[0273] (1.2) Carbon absorption of crops

[0274] Obtain the biological yield of the target type crops in the target sub-region, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type crops, and the water content of the target type crops;

[0275] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0276] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption corresponding to each target type crop as the carbon absorption of crops;

[0277] (1.3) Carbon absorption of water areas

[0278] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the target sub-region;

[0279] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of the water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the target sub-region.

[0280] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0281] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0282] Obtain the consumption amount, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the target sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption according to the consumption amount, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; and, obtain the consumption amount, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel according to the consumption amount, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; determine the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel as the carbon emissions from energy consumption;

[0283] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0284] Obtain the production amount and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the target sub-region;

[0285] Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product according to the production amount and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0286] Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes;

[0287] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0288] Obtain the annual garbage generation amount, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery amount, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill according to the annual garbage generation amount, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0289] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0290] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0291] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0292] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment in each of the target industrial sectors;

[0293] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0294] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0295] Obtain the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0296] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type of animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor;

[0297] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management for each of the target type of animals;

[0298] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0299] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the target sub-region based on the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0300] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions. Calculate the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0301] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration based on the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target type of vegetation;

[0302] (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water areas

[0303] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. Calculate the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0304] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0305] Divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions with the target radius range as a unit;

[0306] Calculate the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions;

[0307] Determine the target gradient where each of the target sub-regions is located according to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions is located;

[0308] Determine the target sub-region composed of one or more of the sub-regions where the sub-regions in the same target gradient are located.

[0309] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0310] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in units of pixels. Taking the target pixel as the center, the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius are averaged to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0311] Based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius:

[0312]

[0313] In the formula, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the (i, j) position, H ij and S ij are respectively the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0314] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon emission pressure assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0315] Take the ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount as the carbon emission pressure index;

[0316] Determine the difference in carbon footprint pressure index between the end and the beginning of the preset historical period for the area to be evaluated;

[0317] Take the ratio between the difference in carbon footprint pressure index and the carbon footprint pressure index at the beginning as the change intensity of the carbon emission pressure index for the area to be evaluated within the preset historical period.

[0318] In addition, referring to Figure 4 , this embodiment also proposes a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model, and the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model includes:

[0319] The carbon emission and absorption calculation module 100 is used to calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops, and the carbon absorption of water areas. The carbon emissions are calculated by the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption, the carbon emissions in the industrial production process, the carbon emissions from waste treatment, the carbon emissions from agriculture, the carbon emissions from respiration, and the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas. The gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land.

[0320] The carbon emission pressure index change intensity calculation module 200 is used to determine the carbon emission pressure index change intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption and the carbon emissions.

[0321] The carbon emission effect evaluation module 300 is used to determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated based on the carbon emission pressure index change intensity.

[0322] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions, and the computer program can be stored in a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in the computer system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0323] Therefore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization. When the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, it implements each step of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in the above embodiments.

[0324] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium can be various computer-readable storage media such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc that can store program codes.

[0325] It should be noted that since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application is the storage medium used to implement the methods of the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the storage medium based on the methods introduced in the embodiments of the present application, so it will not be elaborated here. Any storage medium used in the methods of the embodiments of the present application belongs to the scope to be protected by the present application.

[0326] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0327] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram can also be implemented. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or a combination of blocks.

[0328] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device, and the instruction device implements the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or a combination of blocks.

[0329] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or a combination of blocks.

[0330] It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present application can be implemented by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim listing several devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0331] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0332] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these changes and variations.

Claims

1. A carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emission generated by land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-area divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of natural vegetation carbon absorption, crop carbon absorption and water carbon absorption, and the carbon emission is calculated by the sum of energy consumption carbon emission, industrial production process carbon emission, waste treatment carbon emission, agricultural carbon emission, respiration carbon emission and water carbon volatilization emission, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; Determine, according to the carbon absorption and the carbon emission, the intensity of change of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated; Based on the intensity of the change in the carbon emission pressure index, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment result of the area to be assessed is determined.

2. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for calculating the carbon absorption amount include: (1.1) Carbon absorption by natural vegetation Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation; Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation based on the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area; The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is taken as the carbon absorption amount of the natural vegetation; (1.2) Carbon absorption by crops Obtaining the biological yield of target type crops in the target sub-area, the carbon absorption rate of the target type crops per unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type crops; Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate and the water content; The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the crop carbon absorption amount; (1.3) Carbon absorption in water bodies Obtain the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​water area, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of ​​water area and the total area of ​​the target sub-area; The carbon absorption amount of the water area is calculated based on the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​the water area, the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of ​​the water area and the total area of ​​the target sub-area.

3. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps for calculating the carbon emissions include: (1.4) Energy consumption and carbon emissions Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the target sub-area, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-area, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuels; (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the target sub-area; Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor; The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is taken as the carbon emissions of the industrial production process; (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment Obtaining the current year's garbage generation, current year's garbage landfill treatment rate, current year's methane recovery, oxidation factor, and target type of domestic garbage landfill methane generation potential coefficient of the target sub-region, and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the current year's garbage generation, current year's garbage landfill treatment rate, current year's methane recovery, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient; and, Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region in that year, and calculate the carbon dioxide generation from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the target sub-area, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; and, Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount, and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; The waste treatment carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target types of domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated by the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors; (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions Obtaining the input amount of target type agricultural production materials and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the target sub-area, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and Acquire the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-area, and calculate the methane emission of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and, Obtaining the number of target type animals in the target sub-area, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor, and calculating the animal enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor; The agricultural carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target types of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and feces management of each of the target types of animals; (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration Obtaining the population and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-area, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiration carbon emission in the target sub-area based on the population, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor; Obtaining the land area, autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the target type of vegetation and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission per unit area of ​​the plant in the target sub-area, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emission of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission per unit area; The respiration carbon emissions are determined based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target vegetation types; (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water bodies The area of ​​rivers or lakes in the target sub-area and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes are obtained, and the carbon volatilization emissions in the water area are calculated according to the area of ​​rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes.

4. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of dividing the target sub-area comprises: Taking the target radius range as a unit, dividing the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-areas; Calculating the terrain index corresponding to each of the sub-areas; Determining the target gradient of each target sub-region according to the numerical range of the terrain index corresponding to each sub-region; The sub-regions in the same target gradient are determined as the target sub-region composed of one or more sub-regions.

5. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The step of calculating the terrain index corresponding to each target sub-area specifically includes: Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as a target pixel in units of pixels, take the target pixel as the center, take the average of the elevation values ​​and slope values ​​of all pixels within the target radius, and obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel; Based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, the terrain index within the target radius is calculated: Where, T ij (R) is the local window topographic index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column in the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered at the target pixel at position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation and slope values ​​of the target pixel, respectively. is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

6. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the intensity of change of the carbon emission pressure index corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount comprises: The ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount is used as a carbon emission pressure index; Determine the carbon footprint pressure index difference between the last period and the first period of the area to be assessed within a preset historical period; The ratio of the carbon footprint pressure index difference to the initial carbon footprint pressure index is used as the intensity of change of the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be evaluated within the preset historical period.

7. A land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model, characterized in that: The land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model includes: A carbon emission calculation module is used to calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emission generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each sub-area divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops and the carbon absorption of water areas, and the carbon emission is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission of energy consumption, the carbon emission of industrial production process, the carbon emission of waste treatment, the carbon emission of agriculture, the carbon emission of respiration and the carbon volatilization emission of water areas, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; A carbon emission pressure index change intensity calculation module, used to determine the carbon emission pressure index change intensity corresponding to each gradient level in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount; The carbon emission effect assessment module is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the intensity of the change of the carbon emission pressure index.

8. A computer system, characterized in that: The computer system includes: a memory, a processor, and a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization, and when the carbon emission pressure assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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