Reservoir ecological scheduling method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: building a reservoir ecological scheduling model according to the historical and real-time hydrological data, ecological data and water supply demand data of a to-be-scheduled reservoir in consideration of upstream and downstream ecological demands and water supply demands; the reservoir ecological scheduling model is solved based on the following optimization objectives: in all water supply directions, the satisfaction degree of the water supply process is maximum; meanwhile, ecological water shortage generated by drainage of the reservoir to be dispatched is minimized; the discharged water temperature is close to the preset ecological target water temperature as much as possible, and the temperature deviation is reduced; the flushing of the scheduling scheme to the downstream river channel and the wetland beach change are minimized; the natural egg laying amount of the four major Chinese carps is promoted to be maximized; outputting a scheduling scheme; the scheduling scheme comprises the discharge flow and the ecological flow in each water supply direction in each time period. Technical support is provided for improvement and recovery of ecological environment of rivers and lakes and comprehensive scheduling management of water engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir operation, and particularly relates to a reservoir ecological operation method and system. Background Art

[0002] As an important means of water resources management, the core objective of reservoir operation is to balance the demands of water supply, flood control, power generation, etc. However, with the increasing awareness of ecological protection, the limitations of traditional operation methods have become increasingly prominent, making it difficult to meet the requirements of multi-objective collaborative optimization.

[0003] In the prior art, reservoir operation mostly focuses on water supply guarantee and economic benefits, and insufficient consideration is given to the demands of the downstream ecological system. For example, most reservoir ecological operation models only take the minimization of water supply shortage as a single objective, and do not incorporate the ecological flow demand into the optimization framework, resulting in the inability to guarantee the ecological base flow of the downstream river channel, leading to problems such as habitat degradation and biodiversity decline. Although some studies have introduced the concept of ecological flow, it is often simplified as a fixed threshold, ignoring the dynamics of ecological demands and the coupled effects of multiple factors (such as water temperature, flow process, etc.), and it is difficult to adapt to the actual needs of complex ecological systems.

[0004] In addition, there are significant deficiencies in the ecological impact assessment of existing methods. On the one hand, traditional models rarely consider the key role of the discharged water temperature on aquatic organisms, especially the lack of fine regulation of the water temperature changes caused by stratified water intake, resulting in the downstream water temperature deviating from the target range and affecting ecological processes such as fish reproduction. On the other hand, the cumulative effects of the operation scheme on the physical morphology of the river channel (such as scouring intensity) and wetland siltation lack quantitative analysis, and the existing constraints are mostly limited to flow and storage capacity, and the hydraulic parameters are not effectively correlated with the geomorphic ecological response, leading to the accumulation of long-term ecological risks.

[0005] Regarding the conservation needs of specific organisms, there are also deficiencies in the prior art. Taking the four major Chinese carps as an example, their natural spawning is affected by the comprehensive influence of water temperature, flow pulse and habitat conditions, but the traditional reservoir ecological operation model does not incorporate such biological response mechanisms into the objective function, resulting in the operation scheme being difficult to promote population reproduction. At the same time, the existing multi-objective optimization methods often adopt the linear weighting method, and the setting of the weight coefficients lacks a scientific basis, and the collaborative and conflicting relationships between various objectives are not fully analyzed, which is prone to causing suboptimal solutions or objective imbalances.

[0006] In summary, the existing reservoir operation methods have obvious deficiencies in aspects such as ecological demand integration, multi-objective collaborative optimization and ecological impact quantification, and it is difficult to achieve the dual goals of water resources development and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The objective of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies existing in the above-mentioned background technology, and to provide a reservoir ecological operation method and system. By considering the ecological needs of the upstream and downstream and the water supply demand, a reservoir ecological operation model that comprehensively considers multiple elements of water supply-ecology is constructed. Innovatively, a water temperature regulation mechanism, an ecological impact calculation mechanism, and a fish spawning prediction mechanism are introduced, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm and a refined constraint system are adopted to effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide technical support for sustainable water resource management.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a reservoir ecological operation method, including the following steps: Based on the historical and real-time hydrological data, ecological data, and water supply demand data of the reservoir to be operated, considering the ecological needs of the upstream and downstream and the water supply demand, establish a reservoir ecological operation model; The reservoir ecological operation model includes the following components: Decision variables: the discharge for water supply; the ecological flow for meeting ecological needs; Input parameters: hydrological data, water supply demand data, ecological demand data, and environmental ecological parameters; Output parameters: water supply shortage, ecological water shortage, downstream water temperature, river channel scouring amount, change in wetland beach area, spawning amount of four major Chinese carps; Solve the reservoir ecological operation model based on the following optimization objectives: In all water supply directions, the satisfaction degree of the water supply process is maximized; at the same time, the ecological water shortage generated by the discharge of the reservoir to be operated is minimized; the downstream water temperature is made as close as possible to the predetermined ecological target water temperature to reduce the temperature deviation; the impact of the operation plan on the downstream river channel scouring and wetland beach changes is minimized; promote the maximization of the natural spawning amount of four major Chinese carps; Output the operation plan; the operation plan includes the discharge and ecological flow for each water supply direction in each time period.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the objective function Z of the reservoir ecological operation model is as follows:

[0010] where D t (i) represents the demand of the i-th water supply direction at the t-th time period; E t (j) represents the demand of the j-th ecological direction at the t-th time period; represents the actual water supply of the i-th water supply direction at the t-th time period; represents the actual ecological flow of the j-th ecological direction at the t-th time period; T optimal is the target water temperature required by the downstream ecology; Eco_Impact is the ecological impact amount at the t-th time period; t represents a single time period, and T represents the overall time period of the operation; Et It represents the spawning amount of the four major Chinese carps; α, β, γ, δ, ε are weight coefficients.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the constraint conditions of the reservoir ecological operation model include: Water balance constraint: ; Storage capacity constraint: ; Downstream discharge limit: ; Ecological flow constraint: ; Water supply flow constraint: ; Water temperature regulation constraint to ensure that the downstream water temperature T t = f(Q out,t ) satisfies: ; Among them, ; i includes agricultural water use, industrial water use, and urban water use; ; j includes river channel ecological flow, wetland water replenishment, and fish reproduction flow; V t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of period t; V t+1 represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the end of period t or the beginning of t + 1; I t represents the inflow into the reservoir during period t; Q sup,t represents the downstream discharge used to meet the water supply demand during period t; Q eco,t represents the ecological flow used to meet the downstream ecological demand during period t; Q out,t represents the total downstream discharge of the reservoir during period t, that is, Q out,t = Q sup,t + Q eco,t D t represents the total water demand of each water supply direction during period t; in the calculation of water supply shortage, represents the water demand of the i-th water supply direction in the t-th period; Δt represents the time interval of period t; V min and V max respectively represent the minimum and maximum storage capacities allowed for the reservoir; and respectively represent the lower and upper limits of the allowable discharge during period t; represents the minimum flow requirement of the ecosystem in the j water supply direction during period t; T min and T max represent the minimum and maximum allowable values of the discharged water temperature.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the discharged water temperature T during period t t is determined by mixing water intake from different layers of the reservoir, and its calculation formula is expressed as: ; where Q l,t is the water intake flow rate of the l-th layer, and T l,t is the water temperature of the corresponding layer.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the ecological impact quantity Eco_Impact t is calculated using the following formula: ; C c,t represents the scouring intensity of river reach c during period t, and W w,t represents the change in the area of wetland beach w during the t-th period; The scouring intensity C of river reach c during period t c,t is calculated using the following formula: ; where α c and β c are empirical coefficients, and the river reach characteristics c are used to describe the bed material of the relevant parameters of this river reach; ; where S c represents the dimensionless average slope of river reach c, B c is the average width of river reach c, dc is the average depth of river reach c, C c is the dimensionless curvature or sinuosity index of river reach c, K c is the riverbed erosion coefficient, and ω1, ω2, ω3, ω4 are weight coefficients reflecting the importance of each factor.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the change in the area of wetland beach w during period t, W w,t is calculated using the following formula: ; where γ w and δ wis an empirical coefficient, wetland characteristics w are relevant parameters describing the wetland or sandbank; ; Among them, C veg,w is obtained through remote sensing indices or on-site surveys, usually expressed as a percentage or a value between 0 and 1; I w represents the inundation frequency or connectivity index of the wetland within a certain period, expressed in dimensionless or percentage; R w represents the relative slope or topographic undulation index of the wetland; are the weight coefficients of each factor, determined according to the wetland function and ecological response sensitivity.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the spawning amount of the four major Chinese carps in the t period is calculated by the following formula: ; Among them, is the fitting coefficient, is the error term; Q t is the actual flow rate within the period t.

[0016] The present invention also provides a reservoir ecological operation system, which is used to implement the reservoir ecological operation method described in the above technical solution.

[0017] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the reservoir ecological operation method described in the above technical solution.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention can simultaneously consider the requirements of both water supply and ecology, so as to achieve refined allocation of the reservoir discharge flow, which not only meets the human water use requirements, but also takes into account the healthy development of the downstream ecosystem (such as river stability, wetland protection and fish reproduction); the output parameters not only include water volume indicators, but also cover water temperature, river scouring, wetland changes and biological spawning amount, making the ecological effects of the operation decision intuitive and quantifiable; by integrating historical and real-time data, the constructed model provides a scientific basis for reservoir operation, and can dynamically adjust the operation strategy to meet the multi-objective requirements of upstream and downstream.

[0019] Furthermore, the objective function of the present invention clearly quantifies each key index such as water supply satisfaction, ecological water shortage, water temperature regulation, ecological impact and biological spawning amount. Therefore, when optimizing the operation, various requirements can be weighed. By setting the weight coefficients of each item, the importance between each target can be flexibly adjusted, so that the final operation plan can not only meet the water supply requirements, but also maximize the downstream ecological benefits.

[0020] Furthermore, the constraints such as water balance, reservoir capacity, and flow limit in the present invention ensure the safe operation of the reservoir and prevent safety accidents caused by exceeding the allowable range; by setting the constraints of ecological flow and water supply flow simultaneously, the dual satisfaction of the basic water demand of the downstream ecosystem and the water supply of the upstream is guaranteed; through the water temperature regulation constraint, it is ensured that the discharged water temperature is maintained within the target range required by the ecosystem, which helps to improve and maintain the downstream ecological environment.

[0021] Furthermore, through the layered water intake mixing formula in the present invention, the water temperature can accurately reflect the temperature characteristics of different water layers, realizing the precise regulation of the discharged water temperature; enabling the discharged water temperature to better meet the downstream ecological needs (such as the water temperature range required for the spawning of four major Chinese carps), thus promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem.

[0022] Furthermore, by quantitatively calculating river channel scouring and wetland changes in the present invention, the negative impacts of dispatching operations on the downstream ecological environment can be clearly evaluated; it helps to minimize the damage to the river channel and wetland during the optimization process of the dispatching plan, protecting the ecological environment and ecological functions.

[0023] Furthermore, by comprehensively describing the slope, width-depth ratio, curvature, and bed material properties of the river reach in the present invention, the sensitivity of different river reaches to scouring can be accurately reflected, facilitating the prediction and control of river channel erosion; it helps to control the intensity of river channel scouring by adjusting the discharged flow during the optimization process, thereby reducing the risk of ecological damage.

[0024] Furthermore, through the comprehensive evaluation of wetland vegetation, hydrological connectivity, and topographic undulations in the present invention, the response of wetlands or sandbanks to hydrological changes can be quantitatively described; it helps to evaluate the impact of dispatching operations on the downstream wetland ecosystem and guides the formulation of protection measures to maintain the wetland ecological functions.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention directly correlates the spawning amount of four major Chinese carps with dispatching parameters and ecological responses, enabling the dispatching plan to be optimized with biological benefits as the guidance; by maximizing the fish spawning amount, it is ensured that the dispatching plan can effectively promote the restoration of the downstream ecosystem and the protection of biodiversity while meeting the water supply and flood control requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, which is convenient for clearly understanding the present invention, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0028] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a reservoir operation method considering the ecological needs of upstream and downstream and water supply needs, comprising the following steps: Establish a reservoir ecological operation model according to the historical and real-time hydrological data, ecological data and water supply demand data of the reservoir to be operated; The reservoir ecological operation model includes the following components: Decision variables: the discharge for water supply; the ecological flow for meeting ecological needs; Input parameters: hydrological data, water supply demand data, ecological demand data and environmental ecological parameters; Output parameters: water supply shortage, ecological water shortage, discharged water temperature, river channel scouring amount, change in wetland beach area, spawning amount of four major Chinese carps; Solve the reservoir ecological operation model based on the following optimization objectives: In all water supply directions, the satisfaction degree of the water supply process is the largest; at the same time, minimize the ecological water shortage generated by the discharge of the reservoir to be operated; make the discharged water temperature as close as possible to the predetermined ecological target water temperature to reduce the temperature deviation; minimize the impact of the operation plan on the downstream river channel scouring and wetland beach changes; promote the maximization of the natural spawning amount of four major Chinese carps; Output the operation plan; the operation plan includes the discharge and ecological flow for each water supply direction in each time period.

[0029] The principle of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] Reservoir A is located in the upper and middle reaches of a certain basin, with a designed storage capacity of 3 billion cubic meters, a normal storage level of 175 meters, a flood control limit level of 145 meters, and a drawdown level during the dry season of 155 meters.

[0031] In addition to meeting the overall water supply, flood control and ecological needs, it is also necessary to meet the specific needs of different downstream water supply directions respectively. For example: Agricultural water demand: about 3000 m³ / s Industrial water demand: about 2500 m³ / s Urban water supply demand: about 2500 m³ / s In this way, the total demand for each water supply direction is 8000 m³ / s (3000 + 2500 + 2500).

[0032] The main functions of Reservoir A are: to meet the requirements of basin water supply and flood control operation, and at the same time take into account the downstream ecological environment protection (such as maintaining the downstream ecological flow, keeping the appropriate water temperature to promote the natural reproduction of four major Chinese carps, and controlling the downstream river channel scouring and wetland beach changes).

[0033] In order to construct the reservoir ecological operation model of Reservoir A, the following data need to be collected first: Hydrological data: Historical and real-time inflow data are from the records of the basin hydrological stations (such as the main monitoring station upstream of Reservoir A), with the unit of m³ / s.

[0034] For example, historical data shows that the average inflow I of Reservoir A t is about 15000 m³ / s, and the real-time inflow record during a certain period is 14800 m³ / s.

[0035] Water supply demand data: Water supply demand data D i,t comes from the water use plans of downstream industries, agriculture, and cities.

[0036] For example, the total demand in each water supply direction during a certain period is 8000 m³ / s.

[0037] Agricultural demand: 3000 m³ / s Industrial demand: 2500 m³ / s Urban demand: 2500 m³ / s Ecological demand data: Minimum ecological flow demand It is determined according to the downstream ecological environment protection plan, and the data comes from the ecological environment department. For example, it is stipulated that the downstream ecological flow demand is 5000 m³ / s.

[0038] Generally, in the reservoir ecological operation model, it is not necessary to distinguish the ecological flow according to the water supply direction, because the ecological flow is an overall indicator, mainly used to meet the basic water volume demand of the entire downstream ecological system. This not only simplifies the model design but also meets the actual needs of ecological monitoring and management.

[0039] Only in special scenarios (such as when the ecological characteristics and demand differences in different downstream regions are very obvious), it may be necessary to further subdivide the ecological flow in terms of region or direction, but this belongs to a relatively special application scenario and is not a general requirement.

[0040] Environmental and ecological parameters: Water temperature data T l,t is collected through the reservoir stratified monitoring system (surface layer, middle layer, bottom layer data). For example, the surface water temperature is 22°C, the middle layer is 20°C, and the bottom layer is 18°C.

[0041] River and wetland parameters: River reach characteristic parameters: Obtained through remote sensing images and on-site investigations. Assume that the average slope S of river reach c c is 0.015 (1.5%), the average width B c is 300 m, the average depth d c is 8 m, the curvature C c is 1.2, and the dimensionless erosion coefficient Kc is 1.5.

[0042] Wetland characteristic parameters: Obtained through remote sensing and on-site surveys. Assume that the vegetation coverage index C of a wetland w veg,w is 0.8, the inundation frequency I w is 0.6 (60%), and the relative slope R w is 0.1.

[0043] Based on the above data, an ecological operation model for Reservoir A is established.

[0044] Decision variables: Q sup,t : The discharge flow for meeting water supply demands (unit: m³ / s); ; Among them, the superscript agri represents agricultural demand, ind represents industrial demand, and urban represents urban demand.

[0045] Q eco,t : The ecological flow for meeting downstream ecological demands (unit: m³ / s); It can be directly used as an overall decision variable or can also be subdivided when needed. In this example, the overall ecological flow Q eco,t , Total discharge flow: Q out,t =Q sup,t +Q eco,t .

[0046] Input parameters: Hydrological data: Inflow I t and historical flow data; Water supply demand data: D i,t (Total demand for each water supply direction, e.g., 8000 m³ / s); Ecological demand data: Ecological flow demand (e.g., 5000 m³ / s); Environmental ecological parameters: Water temperature data T at each layer l,t , reach characteristic parameters (S c , B c , d c , C c , K c ); Wetland characteristic parameters (C veg,w , I w , R w ).

[0047] Output parameters: Water supply shortage: For each water supply direction, calculate the shortage for each direction: ; Total water supply shortage: ;

[0048] Ecological water deficit: Eco_Deficit t ; Downstream discharge water temperature: T t , which is determined by mixing the stratified water intake of the reservoir, and the calculation formula is: ;

[0049] River channel scouring volume: calculated using the scouring intensity C of each river reach c,t ; Change in wetland beach area: calculated using the change in wetland area W w,t ; Spawning volume of the four major Chinese carps: E t Calculated through a prediction model, such as: .

[0050] The optimization function expression of the reservoir ecological operation model is as follows: ;

[0051] Among them, f(Q out,t ) represents the relationship function between the downstream discharge flow and the downstream discharge water temperature, and the downstream discharge water temperature T t is obtained through the stratified water intake mixing formula; T optimal is the ecological target water temperature downstream (for example, taking 20 degrees as the target); Eco_Impact t = ∑ c C c,t + ∑ w W w,t , where: C c,t = α c Q out,t + β c River reach characteristics c ; W w,t = γ w Q out,t + δ w Wetland characteristics w ; E t is the spawning volume of the four major Chinese carps, calculated through a regression prediction model.

[0052] Weight coefficients: α, β, γ, δ, ε are determined according to the actual operation requirements and ecological protection goals.

[0053] The main constraint conditions of the reservoir ecological operation model are as follows: Water balance constraint: ; Storage capacity constraint: ; Discharge flow limit: ; Ecological flow constraint: ; Water supply flow constraint: ; Water temperature regulation constraint to ensure that the discharged water temperature T t = f(Q out,t ) satisfies: ; For example: T min = 18 degrees, T max = 23 degrees.

[0054] Among them, V t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of period t; V t+1 represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the end of period t or the beginning of t + 1; I t represents the inflow into the reservoir during period t; Q sup,t represents the discharge flow used to meet the water supply demand during period t; Q eco,t represents the ecological flow used to meet the downstream ecological demand during period t; Q out,t represents the total discharge flow of the reservoir during period t, that is, Q out,t = Q sup,t + Q eco,t D t represents the total water demand of each water supply direction during period t; In the calculation of water supply shortage, represents the water demand of the i-th water supply direction in the t-th period; Δt represents the time interval of period t; V min and V max respectively represent the minimum and maximum storage capacities allowed for the reservoir; and respectively represent the lower and upper limits of the discharge flow allowed during period t; represents the minimum ecological flow required by the downstream ecosystem during period t; T min and T maxIndicates the minimum and maximum allowable values of the discharged water temperature.

[0055] The calculation method of river reach characteristic c is as follows: To quantitatively describe the sensitivity of the river reach to scouring and erosion, the following parameters are set: Average slope S c : Obtained through on-site measurement or remote sensing data. Assume the average slope of a certain river reach 𝑐c is 0.015 (i.e., 1.5%).

[0056] Average width B c : Obtained through remote sensing or on-site investigation, such as 300 m.

[0057] Average depth d c : Obtained through on-site measurement, such as 8 m.

[0058] Curvature or sinuosity C c : Obtained using the river meandering index, such as 1.2.

[0059] Bed erosion coefficient K c : Determined based on the properties of the bed material (such as bed sand, gravel, etc.), assumed to be 1.5.

[0060] Calculated using linear weighted combination: ;

[0061] ω1, ω2, ω3, ω4 are weight coefficients, determined through expert evaluation or fitting of historical data. For example, assume ω1 = 0.3, ω2 = 0.25, ω3 = 0.25, ω4 = 0.2.

[0062] The calculation method of wetland characteristic w is as follows: To quantitatively describe the sensitivity of the wetland or sandbar to water flow impact and hydrological changes, the following parameters are set: Vegetation cover index C veg,w : Can be obtained through remote sensing index (such as NDVI), with a value range of 0 - 1, assumed to be 0.8.

[0063] Flooding frequency I w : Represents the flooding proportion of the wetland within a certain period, assumed to be 0.6 (60%).

[0064] Relative slope R w : Calculates the slope of the wetland terrain through digital elevation model (DEM), assumed to be 0.1.

[0065] Adopts weighted combination: ; Among them, are the weight coefficients of each factor, determined according to the wetland function and ecological response sensitivity, assumed 。

[0066] In this embodiment, non - linear programming is solved using fmincon in MATLAB, for example. The steps are as follows: Initial data preparation Initial guess: For example, set the initial Q sup,t = 7500 m³ / s, where agricultural water supply: 2800 m³ / s; industrial water supply: 2400 m³ / s; urban water supply: 2300 m³ / s; Q eco,t = 4500 m³ / s, then Q out,t = 12000 m³ / s.

[0067] Calculate the initial discharge water temperature according to the stratified water temperature data: ; Assume that the preliminary calculation gives T t ≈ 20.5 degrees.

[0068] Input the above objective function Z and constraints into fmincon.

[0069] Weight coefficient setting: For example, α = 1, β = 1, γ = 1, δ = 1, ε = 0.1.

[0070] During the optimization process, adjust Q sup,t and Q eco,t in each water supply direction to minimize the objective function Z.

[0071] After several iterations, the model converges to the optimal solution. For example, the optimal solution is: Agricultural water supply: 3000 m³ / s, industrial water supply: 2500 m³ / s, urban water supply 2500 m³ / s; Q sup,t = 8000 m³ / s; Q eco,t = 55000 m³ / s Therefore, Q out,t = 13000 m³ / s.

[0072] According to the optimal Q out,t , calculate the discharge water temperature from the stratified water intake mixing formula: Tt = f(Q out,t ) ≈ 20 degrees Calculation of water supply shortage: Supply_Deficit t == 0 m³ / s.

[0073] Calculation of ecological water deficit: Eco_Deficit t = 0 m³ / s.

[0074] Calculation of ecological impact volume: For a certain river section, let the empirical coefficient α c = 0.000005 and β c = 0.1. The calculated value of the river section characteristic c is: River section characteristic c = 0.3×0.015 + 0.25×(3008) + 0.25×1.2 + 0.2×1.5 ≈ 0.0045 + 9.375 + 0.3 + 0.3 ≈ 10.0. Then there is C c,t = 0.000005×13000 + 0.1×10.0 = 0.065 + 1.0 = 1.065 (unit: a certain calibration unit).

[0075] For the wetland, let γ w = 0.000003 and δ w = 0.05. The wetland characteristic w Calculated value is the wetland characteristic w = 0.4×0.8 + 0.35×0.6 + 0.25×0.1 = 0.32 + 0.21 + 0.025 = 0.555 Then W w,t = 0.000003×13000 + 0.05×0.555 = 0.039 + 0.02775 ≈ 0.067 (unit: km²) Ecological impact volume: Eco_Impact t = C c,t + W w,t ≈ 1.065 + 0.067 = 1.132 (unit according to calibration) Prediction of the spawning amount of the four major Chinese carps: Assume that the parameters of the prediction model are β0 = 20, β1 = 3, β2 = 0.002, β3 = 60, β4 = 0. Then E t = 20 + 3×20 + 0.002×13000 + 60×1.065 ≈ 20 + 60 + 26 + 63.9 = 169.9 units; for the convenience of explanation, the coefficient can be adjusted to make the predicted spawning amount close to 200 units.

[0076] According to the above data, the values of each item of the objective function are: Contribution of water supply shortage: 0; Contribution of ecological water shortage: 0; Water temperature deviation term: (Assume the target water temperature is 20 degrees); Ecological impact item: δ×1.132 ≈ 1.132; Spawning amount benefit item: (To reduce the objective function, the spawning amount is a negative contribution); Overall objective function value: .

[0077] Negative values indicate better ecological benefits and the overall goal is optimized.

[0078] Finally, after optimization, the scheduling plan for period t is as follows: Optimal water supply flow rate Q sup,t = 8000 m³ / s; Optimal ecological flow rate Q eco,t = 5000 m³ / s; Total downstream discharge Q out,t = 13000 m³ / s; Calculated downstream water temperature T t ≈ 20 degrees; The water supply shortage is 0, and the ecological water shortage is 0; The river channel scouring amount and the change in wetland beach area are calculated according to the model as C c,t ≈ 1.065 and W w,t ≈ 0.067 (value after calibration) Ecological impact amount Eco_Impact t ≈ 1.132; Predicted spawning amount of four major Chinese carps E t ≈ 200 units (after parameter adjustment) Final optimized objective function value (indicating a significant contribution to ecological benefits).

[0079] By comparing the data of this embodiment with the prior art in terms of key scheduling indicators, the beneficial effects of the present invention are highlighted in an intuitive manner. Table 1 lists the comparative example data of indicators such as water supply shortage, ecological water shortage, downstream water temperature deviation, river channel scouring, wetland beach change, spawning amount of four major Chinese carps, and comprehensive objective function value.

[0080] Table 1 Comparison of effects between this embodiment and the prior art

[0081]

[0082] The prior art only considers water supply and flood control scheduling, fails to finely control the downstream water temperature and ecological flow rate, resulting in the downstream water temperature deviating from the target range and insufficient ecological flow rate, thus causing relatively serious river channel scouring and wetland erosion, and low fish spawning amount.

[0083] Through comprehensive scheduling optimization, this embodiment ensures that both water supply and ecological flow rate meet the requirements, the downstream water temperature is stabilized at about 20 °C, the river channel scouring and wetland changes are effectively controlled, the spawning amount is increased to about 200 units, and the overall objective function value is reduced (for example, reaching -18.868), showing significant ecological benefits and comprehensive scheduling optimization effects.

[0084] Through the data comparison and detailed description in Table 1 above, taking Reservoir A as an example, this embodiment adopts a comprehensive reservoir ecological operation model to achieve the fine allocation of water supply and ecological flow, accurately control the discharged water temperature, quantitatively evaluate river channel scouring and wetland changes through water-sediment and ecological models, and at the same time introduce a prediction model for the spawning amount of the four major Chinese carps, directly integrating the ecological benefits into the operation objective function. Compared with the existing method that only considers water supply operation, this embodiment significantly improves the downstream ecological benefits, reduces the risk of river channel scouring, protects the wetland ecology, and promotes the natural reproduction of fish while ensuring water supply and flood control safety, having obvious technical advantages and application prospects.

[0085] The present invention also provides a reservoir ecological operation system, which is used to implement the reservoir ecological operation method described in the above technical solution.

[0086] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the reservoir ecological operation method described in the above technical solution.

[0087] The content not detailedly described in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A reservoir ecological dispatching method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Based on the historical and real-time hydrological data, ecological data and water supply demand data of the reservoir to be dispatched, taking into account the upstream and downstream ecological needs and water supply needs, a reservoir ecological dispatch model is established; The reservoir ecological operation model includes the following components: Decision variables: downstream flow for water supply, ecological flow for meeting ecological needs; Input parameters: hydrological data, water supply demand data, ecological demand data and environmental ecological parameters; Output parameters: water shortage, ecological water shortage, downstream water temperature, river scouring, wetland beach area change, and spawning of the four major carps; The reservoir ecological operation model is solved based on the following optimization objectives: In all water supply directions, the water supply process is satisfied to the maximum extent; at the same time, the ecological water shortage caused by the discharge of the reservoir to be dispatched is minimized; the temperature of the discharged water is as close as possible to the predetermined ecological target water temperature, reducing the temperature deviation; the scheduling scheme minimizes the impact of downstream river scouring and wetland beach changes; and promotes the maximization of the natural spawning of the four major carps; Output scheduling plan; The scheduling plan includes the downstream flow and ecological flow for each water supply direction in each time period.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The objective function Z of the reservoir ecological operation model is as follows: ； Among them, D t (i) represents the demand for water supply in direction i during period t; E t (j) It represents the demand of ecological direction j in period t; represents the actual water supply in the ith water supply direction during time period t; represents the actual ecological flow in the jth ecological direction during period t; T optimal is the target water temperature required by the downstream ecology; Eco_Impact is the ecological impact in period t; t represents a single period, T represents the overall period of scheduling; E t represents the spawning amount of the four major carps; α, β, γ, δ, ε are weight coefficients.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constraints of the reservoir ecological operation model include: Water balance constraints: ； Storage capacity constraints: ； Downflow flow limit: ； Ecological flow constraints: ； Water supply flow constraints: ； Water temperature control constraints to ensure the downstream water temperature T t =f(Q out,t )satisfy: ； in, ; iIncluding agricultural water, industrial water and urban water; ; jIncluding river ecological flow, wetland water replenishment, and fish reproduction flow; V t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of time period t; V t+1 represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the end of period t or the beginning of t+1; I t represents the inflow into the reservoir during time period t; Q sup,t It represents the downstream flow used to meet the water supply demand in the period t; Q eco,t It represents the ecological flow used to meet the downstream ecological needs in time period t; Q out,t It represents the total discharge flow of the reservoir in time period t, that is, Q out,t =Q sup,t +Q eco,t D t Indicates the total water demand for each water supply direction in time period t; in the calculation of water shortage, represents the water demand of the ith water supply direction in the tth period; Δt represents the time interval of period t; V min With V max They represent the minimum and maximum storage capacities allowed by the reservoir respectively; and They represent the lower and upper limits of the discharge flow allowed in time period t respectively; represents the minimum demand of ecosystem for flow in the direction of water supply j during time period t; T min With T max Indicates the minimum and maximum values ​​allowed for the downstream water temperature.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Discharge water temperature T in time period t t , which is determined by mixing water from the reservoir in layers, and its calculation formula is expressed as: ； Among them, Q l,t is the water intake flow rate of the lth layer, T l,t is the water temperature of the corresponding layer.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Eco_Impact t The calculation is done using the following formula: ； C c,t represents the scouring intensity of river section c in period t, W w,t Represents the change in the area of ​​wetland beach w in the tth period.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The scour intensity C of river section c in period t c,t The calculation is done using the following formula: ； Among them, α c With β c is the empirical coefficient, the river section characteristics c The streambed material used to describe the relevant parameters of the river section; ； Among them, S c represents the dimensionless average slope of river section c, B c is the average width of river section c, d c is the average depth of river section c, C c is the dimensionless curvature or sinuosity index of river section c, K c is the riverbed erosion coefficient, ω1, ω2, ω3, ω4 are weight coefficients reflecting the importance of each factor.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The area change of wetland beach w in the tth period W w,t The calculation is done using the following formula: ； Among them, γ w With δ w is the empirical coefficient, wetland characteristics w Relevant parameters to describe the wetland or beach; ； Among them, C veg,w Obtained through remote sensing index or field survey, usually expressed as a percentage or a value from 0 to 1; I w It indicates the flooding frequency or connectivity index of wetlands in a certain period, expressed as dimensionless or percentage; R w An indicator of the relative slope or topographic relief of the wetland; is the weight coefficient of each factor, which is determined according to the wetland function and ecological response sensitivity.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spawning amount of the four major carps in the period t is calculated by the following formula: ； in, is the fitting coefficient, is the error term; Q t is the actual flow rate in time period t.

9. A reservoir ecological dispatching system, characterized by: The system is used to implement the reservoir ecological scheduling method described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the reservoir ecological scheduling method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 by executing the computer instructions.

Images