A method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a ship lithium power battery system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for emergency fault handling of a ship's lithium-powered battery system and battery system reconstruction, and relates to the technical field of ship power lithium batteries. When the main or backup system fails, the present invention quickly restores power output by cutting off the faulty battery pack or battery cluster and reconstructing the system to ensure safe navigation of the ship. The technical solution includes: connecting a normally open switch K1 (main path) in series and a K2 (backup path) in parallel in each battery pack, with K1 closed and K2 disconnected under normal circumstances; in the event of a fault, K1 is cut off and K2 is closed to isolate the faulty pack. The reconstruction strategies include battery pack cut-out method (synchronously cutting off the same number of battery packs to maintain voltage balance), battery cluster cut-out method (cutting off the entire cluster), and main-backup mixed reconstruction. The system reserves redundant battery packs and uses dual-channel data transmission to ensure fault monitoring. After the transformation, the battery system achieves fault isolation and power recovery through real-time monitoring and intelligent switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship power lithium batteries, and in particular to a method for emergency fault processing and battery system reconstruction of a ship lithium power battery system. Background Art

[0002] Currently, marine lithium battery systems have extremely high safety and reliability requirements. Ships must maintain sufficient power output to control their course and speed during navigation. Any failure in the power system could lead to loss of control, potentially causing a collision or capsizing. Common marine lithium battery systems currently consist of the following components: a battery pack, consisting of a battery monitoring unit (BMU), an independent temperature control unit (ITMU), and battery modules; a battery cluster management unit (BMU), comprising a battery management control unit (BCU), an independent temperature control unit (ITCU), and a high-voltage control unit, responsible for monitoring and protecting the entire battery pack; a battery array management unit (BAU) comprising a BAU and an ITAU, responsible for overall data collection, fault management, and safety protection; and an energy management system (EMS), primarily responsible for data acquisition, energy scheduling, and optimized control. Current marine lithium battery systems typically utilize a primary and backup power system. In the event of a primary system failure, the backup system takes over power output. However, in extreme cases, if both the primary and backup systems fail, the ship's minimum power requirements cannot be met. Furthermore, traditional fault handling and reconfiguration solutions often rely on complex circuit structures and high costs, making them difficult to implement in large-scale systems. Therefore, a method with low cost, simple structure, rapid response and the ability to realize online fault diagnosis and system reconstruction is needed to improve the safety and reliability of ship power lithium battery systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a ship lithium power battery system, comprising the following methods: a normally open battery switch unit K1 is connected in series at the total positive end of each battery pack, and a normally open battery switch unit K2 is connected in parallel at the total positive and total negative ends of the battery pack; during normal operation, the battery system controls the closure of K1 in the battery pack to keep the battery pack connected; when a fault occurs in the battery pack (such as overtemperature, overcharge, overdischarge or cell failure), the battery system sends an instruction to the faulty battery pack to disconnect K1 and close K2 to cut the faulty battery pack out of the battery system; based on the real-time collected data of each battery pack, the EMS or the corresponding control unit calculates the parameters for reconstructing the entire battery system after the fault is removed, and selects the battery pack cut-out method, battery cluster cut-out method or a mixed reconstruction method based on meeting the minimum power requirements of the ship, thereby realizing the recombination and parameter setting of the remaining available battery packs.

[0004] Preferably, the faulty battery pack cut-out processing scheme includes: a battery pack cut-out method: for a battery cluster in which a single or partial battery pack fault is detected, the faulty battery cluster cuts the faulty battery pack out of the battery system, and then each battery cluster in the battery array cuts out a number of battery packs corresponding to the faulty battery cluster, and then adjusts the parameters of the remaining battery packs to achieve voltage balance of the entire battery array; a battery cluster cut-out method: for a battery cluster with serious faults, all the battery packs in the battery cluster are cut out as a whole by disconnecting the control unit (including the battery switch unit KM1 in the battery cluster management unit) to maintain the voltage platform of the entire battery system; a hybrid reconstruction scheme: when the minimum output power requirement cannot be met by reconstructing the main system or the backup system alone, the main and backup systems are reconstructed by using the battery pack cut-out method and the battery cluster cut-out method at the same time according to certain rules, and the scheme with the best output parameters after reconstruction is selected.

[0005] Preferably, a redundant design is also included in each battery pack, that is, 1 to 2 redundant battery packs are reserved during normal operation, and when a battery pack fails and is cut out, it is automatically supplemented by the redundant battery pack to avoid a drop in output power.

[0006] Preferably, the following steps are also included: S1. Use BMU to monitor the voltage, current and temperature information of each battery cell, and use ITMU to monitor abnormal battery pack temperature; S2. Use BCU, ITCU and BAU to summarize the data of each battery pack, each battery cluster and battery array, determine faults and calculate parameters; S3. EMS collects and processes the collected power demand data, and calculates the optimal reconstruction plan based on the current power demand of the ship and the remaining energy distribution of the battery; S4. After the reconstruction plan is determined, the corresponding battery pack or battery cluster is cut out by controlling the status of its K1, K2 and KM1 (or corresponding switch unit).

[0007] Preferably, when both the main power battery system and the backup power battery system fail, the output is first switched to the backup system, and then the failed system is reconstructed and restored online. After the main system is restored, it can be automatically switched back to the main system.

[0008] Preferably, the battery system includes multiple battery arrays, each battery array consists of multiple battery clusters, each battery cluster consists of multiple battery packs, and the management units at each level are: battery pack management unit (BMU, ITMU), battery cluster management unit (BCU, ITCU and high-voltage control unit), battery array management unit (BAU and ITAU), and energy management system (EMS).

[0009] Preferably, the control command adopts a dual-path data transmission mechanism, one route is transmitted from BMU to BCU and then to BAU, and the other route is transmitted from ITMU to ITCU, and then from ITCU to the upper-level ITAU and BAU, to ensure the redundancy and real-time performance of fault signal transmission.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation logic of the battery system reconstruction constitutes a reconstruction algorithm process according to the ship's power requirements and the remaining energy of each battery pack. The process includes all steps of data collection, fault judgment, solution evaluation, solution selection and reconstruction execution, and obtains optimized output parameters through real-time calculation.

[0011] Preferably, the normally open battery switch units K1 and K2 are both closed in a preset state, and perform opening or closing operations according to a preset logic after being triggered by a fault signal, thereby isolating the faulty battery pack from the system.

[0012] Preferably, it is suitable for ship power lithium battery systems and other energy storage systems with a primary-backup architecture, and has the advantages of simplified structure, low cost, fast response and high reliability.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) System safety is greatly improved: by adding a simple and effective switch unit, the faulty battery pack can be quickly cut out, so that even when both the main and backup systems fail, power output can be restored through online reconstruction to avoid ship loss of control; (2) Low cost and simple implementation: only two normally open battery switch units are added to the existing battery pack, and online reconstruction is achieved through software algorithms, without the need for complex circuit changes, thus reducing the overall system cost; (3) Fast reconstruction response speed: relying on data acquisition and dual-path fault detection mechanism, system parameters can be quickly reconstructed after a fault occurs to ensure the minimum power requirement of the ship; (4) Reasonable system redundancy design: the reserved redundant battery pack is automatically put into operation after the fault is removed, effectively avoiding the output power drop, and adapting to the application requirements of large-scale ship power lithium battery systems; (5) Wide application: in addition to ship power systems, its control strategy and reconstruction method are also applicable to the safety control and online reconstruction of other backup battery systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is the topology diagram of the original ship power battery system.

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the main power battery system.

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the backup power battery system.

[0017] Figure 4This is the topology diagram of the patented ship power battery system.

[0018] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the main power battery system.

[0019] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the backup power battery system.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the battery pack structure changes of the present invention and the battery pack's usage and disconnection states.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the battery cluster in use and the battery cluster cut-out state of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the reconstruction of a battery system obtained by cutting out a whole battery cluster according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the reconstruction of the battery system cut out of a single battery pack of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of battery system reconstruction in which the main power battery system and the backup power battery system are cut out in their entire cluster according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of the main power battery system.

[0026] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of the backup power battery system.

[0027] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of battery system reconstruction in which a main power battery system and a backup power battery system are cut out of a single battery pack according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged view of the main power battery system.

[0029] Figure 16 for Figure 14 Enlarged view of the backup power battery system.

[0030] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of battery system reconstruction for hybrid single battery pack switching and whole battery cluster switching of the main power battery system and the backup power battery system of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 18 for Figure 17 Enlarged view of the main power battery system.

[0032] Figure 19for Figure 17 Enlarged view of the backup power battery system.

[0033] Figure 20 This is a flow chart of the ship power battery system reconstruction algorithm of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is combined with Figures 1-20 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a ship's lithium-powered battery system. When both the main and backup systems fail, the method can quickly restore the power output of the battery system by removing the faulty battery pack or battery cluster and reconstructing the remaining battery packs, thereby ensuring the safe navigation of the ship.

[0036] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Two independently controlled normally open battery switch units are added to each battery pack: a normally open switch unit K1 is connected in series with the battery pack's total positive terminal, serving as the primary path for the battery pack to normally access the circuit; a normally open switch unit K2 is connected in parallel with the battery pack's total positive and negative terminals, serving as a backup output path. During normal operation, the battery system controls K1 to remain closed and K2 to remain open, enabling the battery pack to participate in power output.

[0037] Fault determination: The BMU monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery cell in real time, and the ITMU independently determines temperature anomalies. When an anomaly is detected (such as overtemperature, overcharge, overdischarge, or cell failure), the battery system immediately issues a command to disconnect the faulty battery pack, disconnecting K1 and closing K2, thereby isolating the faulty battery pack from the entire battery system.

[0038] Battery system reconstruction: After the faulty battery pack is removed, the EMS performs online reconstruction based on all battery pack and battery cluster data collected by the system using one of the following two or a combination of reconstruction strategies:

[0039] Battery pack cut-out method: Based on the number of faulty battery packs, the same number of battery packs as the faulty battery packs are cut out in each battery cluster simultaneously to ensure that the voltage of each battery cluster in the entire battery array remains balanced;

[0040] Battery cluster cut-out method: For battery clusters with more serious faults, the battery cluster is cut out as a whole so that all battery packs in the battery cluster are disconnected.

[0041] When a single solution cannot meet the minimum power requirement, a mixed reconstruction solution of the main and backup systems is adopted, that is, the main and backup systems are combined and adjusted according to different switch-out methods at the same time, and the solution with the optimal output parameters is selected.

[0042] Redundant design: To avoid a drop in the output power of a single system due to the removal of a faulty battery pack, one to two redundant battery packs are reserved during the battery pack design. These can be automatically put into use during the battery system reconstruction process to ensure that the overall output power is not reduced.

[0043] Data transmission and fault monitoring: The ship battery system adopts a dual-path data transmission mechanism: one path transmits fault information from the BMU to the BCU, which then summarizes and uploads it to the BAU; the other path transmits fault information from the ITMU to the ITCU, and then from the ITCU to the ITAU and BAU, ensuring reliable transmission and timely processing of fault information.

[0044] Original structure description:

[0045] In the original ship power battery system, there is no device in the battery pack to control and cut off the battery power output. The topology diagram of the ship power lithium battery system is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the battery system can be composed of multiple battery arrays. For ease of understanding, this diagram only shows one battery array. The processing method for multiple arrays is the same as that for a single array.

[0046] Battery pack transformation implementation method:

[0047] In order to achieve the purpose of controlling the battery pack to be connected or disconnected from the battery system, it is first necessary to connect a normally open battery switch unit K1 in series in the total positive electrode line of each battery pack, and then connect a normally open battery switch unit K2 in parallel between the total positive electrode and the total negative electrode of the battery pack. Figure 3 When the battery pack is in use, the battery system controls the battery switch unit K1 to close; at this time, the power output of the battery pack is normal and in use. When a battery pack fails and needs to be cut out, the battery system controls the battery switch unit K1 to open, and at the same time controls the battery switch unit K2 to close. At this time, the power output line inside the battery pack has been disconnected, and the power output of other battery packs is output through the K2 switch line. At this point, the battery pack cut-out action is completed, and the battery pack is in a cut-out state. For a battery system, after one or several battery packs in a faulty battery cluster are cut out of the system, in order to maintain the voltage balance of the entire battery system, it is necessary to cut out one or several battery packs corresponding to the faulty battery cluster in other normal battery clusters, and keep the voltage of each battery cluster in the battery array similar, so as to avoid problems such as circulation between batteries caused by different voltages of each battery cluster. For example Figure 6 As shown, one battery pack must be cut out of each battery cluster to maintain the voltage balance of the battery array.

[0048] The topology diagram of the ship power lithium battery system after the battery pack is controllable is as follows Figure 2 As shown;

[0049] Method for using the whole battery cluster and cutting out the whole battery cluster from the battery system: When the whole battery cluster is in normal use, the battery switch unit K1 in all the battery packs under the battery cluster is in the closed state, and K2 is kept in the open state. At the same time, the battery switch unit KM1 in the battery cluster management unit is closed, which means that all the battery packs in the whole cluster are in the connected and used state. Finally, they are connected in parallel with other battery clusters through the battery cluster management unit. Figure 4 When the entire battery cluster needs to be cut out of the battery system, the two battery switch units K1 and K2 in all battery packs in the battery cluster are in an open circuit state. At the same time, the battery switch unit KM1 in the battery cluster management unit is also in an open circuit state. At this time, the power output circuits of all battery packs in the battery cluster are disconnected, and the power output lines of the battery cluster management unit and other battery clusters are also disconnected. The entire battery cluster is in a cut-out state, such as Figure 4 .

[0050] Methods for troubleshooting and reconfiguring ship power battery systems: When a ship's main power system fails and there is no power output, follow the Figure 10 As can be seen from the flowchart of the ship power battery system reconstruction algorithm, the power output will first be switched to the backup power system. If the backup power system also fails at this time, the main power system will be checked to see if it has returned to normal. If it has, the output will be switched back to the main power system. If the main power system has not returned to normal, the battery system will be reconstructed. First, the battery system data after reconstruction using the battery pack cutout method and the battery cluster cutout method is calculated based on the non-faulty battery data. It is determined whether the battery system parameters after reconstruction using these two methods meet the minimum power requirements of the ship power system. There are several situations at this time:

[0051] A. If both schemes meet the minimum power requirements of the ship power system, compare the final parameters of the two battery system reconstruction schemes to see which one has better results.

[0052] a. If the battery pack cut-out method parameters are better, then execute the battery pack cut-out method, such as Figure 6 , cut out the faulty battery packs and the battery packs that do not meet the requirements in each cluster from the battery system.

[0053] b. If the parameters of the battery cluster cut-out method are better, then the battery cut-out method is executed, such as Figure 5 , cut the entire battery cluster of the faulty battery pack out of the battery system.

[0054] B. When the battery pack cut-out method meets the minimum power requirement of the ship power system and the battery cluster cut-out method cannot meet the minimum power requirement of the ship power system, the battery pack cut-out method is directly executed.

[0055] C. When the battery cluster cut-out method meets the minimum power requirement of the ship power system and the battery pack cut-out method cannot meet the minimum power requirement of the ship power system, the battery cluster cut-out method is directly executed.

[0056] When the battery system parameters of both the battery pack cut-out method and the battery cluster cut-out method cannot meet the minimum power requirements of the ship's power system, the hybrid reconstruction of the main power system and the backup power system is initiated:

[0057] A. Reconstruct the entire main power and backup power battery system according to the battery pack cut-out method; Figure 8 As shown, the reconstructed battery system parameters are obtained;

[0058] B. Reconstruct the entire main power and backup power battery system according to the battery cluster cut-out method; Figure 7 As shown, the reconstructed battery system parameters are obtained;

[0059] C. Reconstruct the entire battery system using a hybrid method of battery pack cutout and battery cluster cutout, such as Figure 9 As shown, the reconstructed battery system parameters are obtained;

[0060] Select the best of these three options to reconstruct the battery.

[0061] After the battery system is reconfigured, the battery system needs to reconfigure the reconfigured battery system parameters and set the charge and discharge parameters suitable for the current battery system.

[0062] All examples in the drawings are examples of one of the patented battery system reconstruction methods and are not limited to this.

Claims

1. A method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a ship lithium power battery system, characterized in that: The method includes the following: connecting a normally open battery switch unit K1 in series at the total positive terminal of each battery pack, and connecting a normally open battery switch unit K2 in parallel at the total positive and total negative terminals of the battery pack; During normal operation, the battery system controls K1 in the battery pack to close, keeping the battery pack connected. When a battery pack fails, the battery system sends a command to the faulty battery pack to disconnect K1 and close K2 to cut the faulty battery pack out of the battery system. Based on the real-time collected data of each battery pack, the EMS or corresponding control unit calculates the parameters for reconstructing the entire battery system after the fault is removed, and selects the battery pack cut-out method, battery cluster cut-out method or a mixed reconstruction method based on the minimum power requirement of the ship, thereby realizing the recombination and parameter setting of the remaining available battery packs; The battery system includes multiple battery arrays, each battery array is composed of multiple battery clusters, each battery cluster is composed of multiple battery packs, and the management units at each level are: battery pack management unit, battery cluster management unit, battery array management unit, and energy management system; The faulty battery pack cut-out processing solution includes: Battery pack cut-out method: For a battery cluster where a single or partial battery pack failure is detected, the faulty battery pack of the faulty battery cluster is cut out of the battery system. Then, after each battery cluster in the battery array cuts out the number of battery packs corresponding to the faulty battery cluster, the voltage balance of the entire battery array is achieved by adjusting the parameters of the remaining battery packs. Battery cluster cut-out method: For battery clusters with serious faults, all battery packs in the battery cluster are cut out by disconnecting the control unit to maintain the voltage platform stability of the entire battery system; Hybrid reconstruction solution: When the reconstruction of the main system or backup system alone cannot meet the minimum output power requirement, the main and backup systems are reconstructed using a hybrid method of battery pack cut-out and battery cluster cut-out according to certain rules, and the solution with the best output parameters after reconstruction is selected.

2. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes adding redundancy design to each battery pack, that is, reserving 1 to 2 redundant battery packs during normal operation, and automatically replenishing them when a battery pack fails to be cut off to avoid a drop in output power.

3. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S1. Use the BMU to monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery cell, and use the ITMU to monitor abnormal battery pack temperature. S2. Summarize the data of each battery pack, each battery cluster and battery array, determine the fault and calculate the parameters through the BCU, ITCU and BAU; S3,EMS collects and processes the collected power demand data, and calculates the optimal reconstruction solution based on the ship's current power demand and the battery's remaining energy distribution; S4. After the reconstruction plan is determined, the corresponding battery pack or battery cluster is switched out by controlling the states of K1, K2 and KM1.

4. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When both the main power battery system and the backup power battery system fail, the output will first be switched to the backup system, and then the faulty system will be reconstructed and restored online. After the main system recovers, it can automatically switch back to the main system.

5. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A dual-channel data transmission mechanism is adopted, with one route being from BMU to BCU and the other route being from ITMU to ITCU, which is then transmitted from ITCU to the upper-level ITAU and BAU, ensuring the redundancy and real-time nature of fault signal transmission.

6. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation logic of the battery system reconstruction forms a reconstruction algorithm process according to the ship's power demand and the remaining energy of each battery pack. The process includes all steps of data collection, fault diagnosis, solution evaluation, solution selection and reconstruction execution, and obtains optimized output parameters through real-time calculation.

7. The method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normally open battery switch units K1 and K2 are both closed in a preset state, and are opened or closed according to a preset logic after being triggered by a fault signal, thereby isolating the faulty battery pack from the system.

8. A method for emergency fault handling and battery system reconstruction of a marine lithium power battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Applicable to ship power lithium battery systems and other energy storage systems with primary and backup architectures.

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