Thermal management system for battery energy storage cabinet

Abstract

The thermal management system comprises a cabinet body, an equipment room and an energy storage room are formed in the cabinet body, three refrigeration equipment are arranged on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body, a front air duct, a middle air duct and a rear air duct which are sequentially connected are arranged on the lower side of the top of the cabinet body, and the front air duct and the middle air duct are located in the equipment room. The rear air channel is located in the energy storage room, the three refrigeration devices are communicated with the front air channel, the middle air channel and the rear air channel respectively, air outlets of the front air channel and the middle air channel are provided with diffuser pieces, an air outlet of the rear air channel is provided with a heat dissipation air channel, an energy storage cabinet is arranged in the energy storage room, and a heat dissipation flow channel is arranged on the outer side of the energy storage cabinet. The heat management problem of the energy storage cabinet is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of industrial design, and particularly relates to a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of fields such as renewable energy and electrified transportation, energy storage technology, as one of the key means for energy storage and regulation, has gradually become an important part of the energy system. As one of the core components of the energy storage system, the energy storage cabinet is widely used in fields such as power grid peak shaving and valley filling, stable output of renewable energy, and rapid charging of electric vehicles. However, during the operation of the energy storage cabinet, a large number of charge-discharge cycles will inevitably generate heat, and excessive temperature poses threats to aspects such as the safety, performance stability, and lifespan of the energy storage cabinet.

[0003] In order to effectively solve the heat problems that occur during the operation of the energy storage cabinet, thermal management technology has become one of the research hotspots. Currently, the widely adopted thermal management methods mainly include traditional air cooling, liquid cooling technologies, and phase change materials, etc. However, these traditional methods often rely too much on empirical parameters and lack in-depth understanding and optimization means for the internal temperature distribution and uniformity of the energy storage cabinet.

[0004] In recent years, the rapid development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology has provided a new approach for the thermal management research of energy storage cabinets. CFD technology can simulate and analyze complex physical phenomena such as fluid flow and heat transfer on a computer through numerical simulation, providing a quantitative tool for optimizing the internal temperature distribution and uniformity of the energy storage cabinet. However, due to the complexity of the energy storage cabinet structure and the mutual influence of multiple coupled physical fields, the thermal management research of energy storage cabinets based on CFD technology still faces a series of challenges, such as how to accurately capture flow details, reasonably set boundary conditions, and efficiently solve problems, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet to solve the thermal management problem of the energy storage cabinet.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet, which includes a cabinet body. An equipment room and an energy storage room are formed inside the cabinet body. Three refrigeration devices are arranged on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body. A front air duct, a middle air duct, and a rear air duct are successively connected on the lower side of the top of the cabinet body. The front air duct and the middle air duct are located in the equipment room, and the rear air duct is located in the energy storage room. The three refrigeration devices are respectively communicated with the front air duct, the middle air duct, and the rear air duct. Diffuser plates are arranged at the air outlets of the front air duct and the middle air duct, and a heat dissipation air duct is arranged at the air outlet of the rear air duct. An energy storage cabinet is arranged in the energy storage room, and a heat dissipation flow channel is arranged on the outer side of the energy storage cabinet.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention also has the following features:

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a refrigeration device communicating with the rear air duct is further provided on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of flow spoilers are arranged in the front air duct, the middle air duct and the rear air duct.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the number of the cabinet bodies is multiple.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a partition wall is arranged between the equipment room and the energy storage room.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, access doors are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the equipment room.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a fan is arranged on the lower side of the energy storage cabinet.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The thermal management system for the battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention has four refrigeration devices with powerful refrigeration capacity, and any one of them can be in a standby state to provide refrigeration in case of emergency, ensuring the long-term continuous operation of the system; the heat dissipation flow channels are designed, checked and redesigned, which can well meet the heat dissipation and air volume ratio of the thermal management structure; the energy storage cabinet is designed in the form of four clusters and eight units, which can efficiently dissipate heat and manage the battery modules as a whole; the battery modules and the management modules are separately designed. Instead of setting a management module in the battery module, the management modules of multiple battery modules are centralized to form a management module, improving the management efficiency and meeting various discharge requirements; the equipment room and the energy storage room are isolated, and can operate independently without affecting each other, improving the rationality and safety of the overall design, and also providing better conditions for the layout and maintenance of the equipment. Through the above layout of the thermal management structure, an efficient, compact and safe solution is provided for the battery energy storage cabinet, thereby ensuring the stability and long-term reliability of the battery system. Whether in the industrial or commercial fields, this thermal management structure will play an important role in promoting the development and application of battery energy storage technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage cabinet in the thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3It is a schematic internal structure diagram of an energy storage cabinet in a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of an energy storage cabinet in a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a front air duct, a middle air duct and a rear air duct in a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to the present invention.

[0020] In the figure, 1. cabinet body, 2. equipment room, 3. radiator, 4. access door, 5. partition wall, 6. energy storage cabinet, 7. energy storage room, 8. heat dissipation air duct, 9. refrigeration equipment, 10. rear air duct, 11. middle air duct, 12. front air duct, 13. heat dissipation flow channel, 14. battery pack, 15. fan, 16. spoiler, 17. management module, 18. battery module. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] As Figure 1 shown, a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to the present invention includes a cabinet body 1. An equipment room 2 and an energy storage room 7 are formed inside the cabinet body 1. Four refrigeration devices 9 are arranged on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body 1. A front air duct 12, a middle air duct 11 and a rear air duct 10 are sequentially connected on the lower side of the top of the cabinet body 1. The front air duct 12 and the middle air duct 11 are located inside the equipment room 2, and the rear air duct 10 is located inside the energy storage room 7. Two of the refrigeration devices 9 are respectively communicated with the front air duct 12 and the middle air duct 11, and the other two refrigeration devices 9 are communicated with the rear air duct 10. Diffuser plates 3 are arranged at the air outlets of the front air duct 12 and the middle air duct 10, a heat dissipation air duct 8 is arranged at the air outlet of the rear air duct 10, an energy storage cabinet 6 is arranged inside the energy storage room 7, and a heat dissipation flow channel 13 is arranged on the outer side of the energy storage cabinet 6; Access doors 4 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the equipment room 2, and a fan 15 is arranged on the lower side of the energy storage cabinet 6.

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, it can be seen that: the refrigeration devices 8 located on the outdoor top are installed on the tops of the energy storage room 6 and the equipment room 1, a total of four, three of which are working and one is in standby. From left to right, they are the first, the second, the third, and the fourth; When the refrigeration device is in standby, it corresponds to a working condition. For example, the first one in standby corresponds to working condition one, and the others are similar. Thus, there are also working conditions two, three, and four.

[0025] The equipment room 2 is located at the right end of the cabinet body 1, with sufficient space, and there are two access doors 4. The energy storage room 7 is located at the left end of the cabinet body 1, and the energy storage cabinets 6 are mainly installed inside. The heat dissipation channels located at the top of the cabinet body 1 are composed of a rear air duct 10, a middle air duct 11, and a front air duct 12 connected together. Among them, the rear air duct 10 is located in the energy storage room 7, and the middle air duct 11 and the front air duct 12 are located in the equipment room 2. Diffusers 3 are provided in the middle air duct 11 and the front air duct 12 for the purpose of cooling the equipment room 2. The refrigeration equipment 9 on the top of the cabinet body 1 is installed on the cabinet body 1 through the roof skeleton and is connected to the front air duct 10, the middle air duct 11, and the rear air duct 12 through a transfer flow channel; specifically, the first and second refrigeration equipment 9 correspond to the rear air duct 10, the third refrigeration equipment corresponds to the middle air duct 11, and the fourth refrigeration equipment corresponds to the front air duct 12.

[0026] The front air duct 10, the middle air duct 11, and the rear air duct 12 will gather the cold generated by a large number of refrigeration equipment and convey the cold air to the energy storage cabinet 6 through the diffuser air duct 8.

[0027] Combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 , four clusters of eight energy storage cabinets 6 are arranged in the energy storage room 7 located on the left side of the cabinet body 1 and are arranged in a form of two rows and four columns in opposition. One cluster has two energy storage cabinets. The battery module 18 and the management module 17 are installed inside the energy storage cabinet 6 in a pull-out form. One installs seven battery modules 18, and one installs six battery modules 18 and one management module 17 inside, that is, there are a total of thirteen battery modules 18 and one management module 17.

[0028] As Figure 4 shown, 48 battery packs 14 are installed inside the battery module 18, adopting a form of two rows, four columns, and six rows in opposition. A miniature fan 15 (two can be installed if needed) is installed at the front end of the battery module 18.

[0029] The working principle of a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention is as follows: The overall air circulation is cooled by the refrigeration equipment 9, and the cold air is collected through the front air duct 10, the middle air duct 11, and the rear air duct 12 to achieve a reasonable air volume distribution in the energy storage cabinet 6 and the battery module 18. Subsequently, the air inside the battery module 18 is extracted by the small fan 15 to guide the cold air into the energy storage cabinet 6, and then the air enters the return port of the refrigeration equipment 9, thus completing an efficient heat dissipation cycle.

[0030] In an area specially designed for installing power consumption and management equipment, an independent equipment room 2 is set up, and the layout inside the equipment room 2 can be flexible to meet specific requirements.

[0031] A storage area is specially designed inside the cabinet body 1 for placing eight battery cabinets in four clusters. Each energy storage cabinet 6 contains a battery module 18 and a management module 17 inside. Notably, two energy storage cabinets 6 in each cluster share one management module 17, thus achieving a compact structural design and maximizing space utilization. Each battery module 18 consists of 48 battery packs 14 inside and is also equipped with a small fan 15. The presence of this fan 15 helps maintain a suitable temperature for the battery module during the charge and discharge processes, ensuring the maximization of battery performance and lifespan. In each cluster of energy storage cabinets 6, a management module 18 is set up to be responsible for monitoring and managing the status, performance, and charge and discharge processes of the batteries, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the battery system.

[0032] Four refrigeration devices 9 are installed on the tops of the equipment room 2 and the energy storage room 7. The refrigeration capacity of each refrigeration device 9 is 3700 CFM. Three of these devices are used for operation, while the other one is used as a backup to ensure the normal operation of the system in case of a failure. Through the front, middle, and rear air ducts, cold air is guided to the equipment room 2 for cooling and heat dissipation operations. At the same time, the diffuser air duct 13 is also used to transfer the cooled air to the equipment room, ensuring that each energy storage cabinet 6 and battery module 18 can maintain a suitable working temperature.

[0033] The diffuser fins 3 can evenly send the air volume into the surrounding space. The presence of these well-designed components not only ensures a reasonable distribution of the air flow between the energy storage room 7 and the equipment room 2 but also pays attention to the reasonable distribution of space and functional independence.

[0034] Four refrigeration devices select refrigeration air conditioners with a capacity of 3700 CFM, and both the internal circulation and external circulation can be adopted. In the internal circulation mode, the air conditioning system draws air from the indoor environment and processes it through an air handling unit (such as a filter) before sending it back into the room. In the internal circulation mode, the air conditioning system does not obtain fresh air from the outside but recirculates the already processed air indoors. This can reduce the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, thus reducing the impact of external pollutants, humidity, and temperature on the indoor environment. In the external circulation mode, the air conditioning system obtains fresh air from the outside and processes it before sending it into the room. In the external circulation mode, the air conditioning system introduces fresh air from the outside through an external ventilation system, and then after filtration and temperature adjustment, it is sent into the room. This can maintain the freshness and quality of the indoor air, effectively improving the indoor environment. Especially in situations where the indoor pollutants are relatively high or more fresh air is needed, the external circulation mode is a more suitable choice.

[0035] The cold air circulation duct is equipped with carefully designed diffusers that can evenly distribute the air volume into the surrounding space. The presence of these components ensures a reasonable distribution of the air flow between the energy storage room and the equipment room. Specifically, the energy storage room receives an appropriate amount of air volume to ensure the normal operation and thermal management of the battery cabinets. This duct design adopts an air volume ratio of 1:2:1:1:2:1 to ensure sufficient ventilation and cooling of the energy storage cabinets, thus guaranteeing the safety, stability, efficiency, and sustainable operation inside the battery compartments. Such a design helps maintain the performance of the battery system, extend the battery life, and improve the operating efficiency of the system.

[0036] The air volume ratio, heat dissipation channels, and air circulation circuits are all obtained through calculations and are reasonably optimized based on the calculation results.

[0037] The energy storage cabinets also focus on heat dissipation in thermal management and the intelligent utilization of space to increase the energy storage capacity; each energy storage cabinet has two independent clusters, both of which are capable of accommodating 13 battery modules and 1 high-efficiency management module. The cabinet itself also adopts a clever hollow design aimed at promoting better heat dissipation effects to ensure that the battery system can maintain an appropriate temperature during high-load operation. Most notably, these two clusters share a highly compact management module, which not only saves valuable space but also improves the energy storage capacity and management efficiency of the energy storage cabinet. This means that the energy storage cabinet can effectively accommodate a large number of battery modules and achieve efficient battery management in a compact space, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the battery system.

[0038] The battery module can accommodate a total of 48 battery packs in two rows. The battery module also includes a micro fan (one more can be installed if needed, i.e., a maximum of two micro fans can be installed), with an operating air volume of 120 - 200 CFM. Under the current thermal management structure, it can meet the 1C and 2C discharges of the battery module, allowing the maximum heat generation power of the battery module to be around 300W. The role of the micro fan is to facilitate the air volume flow inside the battery module, take away the heat, ensure the uniform temperature of the 48 battery packs, and improve the operating stability of the battery module.

[0039] The battery module demonstrates excellent engineering innovation and thermal management wisdom. It has a large capacity and can accommodate two rows, totaling 48 battery packs. More notably, each battery module integrates a micro fan with an operating air volume range between 120 and 200 CFM. The introduction of the micro fans brings significant advantages to the entire system. These micro fans not only ensure sufficient air flow but also efficiently remove the heat generated inside the battery module, reduce the temperature difference to ensure uniform temperature, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of the system. The sophistication of this thermal management system lies in its ability to easily handle the 1C and 2C discharge requirements of the battery module, which means the battery module can maintain excellent performance during high-load operation. This design keeps the maximum heat generation power of the battery module at around 300 watts, which is crucial for ensuring the safety and lifespan of the battery. Overall, this battery module can not only meet the demands of high-load work but also ensure the safety and stability of the battery module, providing a solid foundation for the sustainability and performance of the battery energy storage system.

[0040] The excellent design of the equipment room and the energy storage room not only meets the usage requirements and air volume flow requirements but also pays attention to the reasonable allocation of space and functional independence. By adding an isolation wall between the equipment room and the energy storage room, the mutual interference between the two spaces is successfully reduced. The highlight of this design is that it ensures the complete independence of the functions of each area without mutual interference, thus improving the rationality and safety of the overall design; the equipment room and the energy storage room can operate independently without affecting each other, and it also provides better conditions for the layout and maintenance of the equipment, which provides convenience and feasibility for large-scale use. This meticulous design achieves an excellent balance in terms of overall function, safety, and maintainability, providing a solid foundation for large-scale use.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] Combined Figure 5 , different from Embodiment 1, in a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention, a plurality of flow deflectors 16 are provided in the front air duct 12, the middle air duct 11, and the rear air duct 10.

[0043] The flow deflectors 16 are located inside the front, middle, and rear air ducts. By adjusting the position and shape of the flow deflectors 16, the wind direction can be changed to reduce impact and eddy currents.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, different from Embodiment 2, in a thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention, an isolation wall 5 is provided between the equipment room 2 and the energy storage room 7.

[0046] To ensure the effective isolation of the functions and safety between equipment room 2 and energy storage room 7, the present invention uses an incompletely enclosed partition wall 5 to separate these two areas. This design not only meets the functional requirements of air circulation and return in the areas, but also ensures the functional independence and safety of each area.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, It includes a cabinet body (1), an equipment room (2) and an energy storage room (7) are formed inside the cabinet body (1), three refrigeration devices (9) are arranged on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body (1), a front air duct (12), a middle air duct (11) and a rear air duct (10) which are connected in sequence are arranged on the lower side of the top of the cabinet body (1), the front air duct (12) and the middle air duct (11) are located inside the equipment room (2), the rear air duct (10) is located inside the energy storage room (7), the three refrigeration devices (9) are respectively communicated with the front air duct (12), the middle air duct (11) and the rear air duct (10), diffuser fins (3) are arranged at the air outlets of the front air duct (12) and the middle air duct (10), a heat dissipation air duct (8) is arranged at the air outlet of the rear air duct (10), an energy storage cabinet (6) is arranged inside the energy storage room (7), and a heat dissipation flow channel (13) is arranged on the outer side of the energy storage cabinet (6).

2. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A refrigeration device (9) communicated with the front air duct (12) is further arranged on the upper side of the top of the cabinet body (1).

3. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that, A plurality of flow disturbing fins (16) are arranged in the front air duct (12), the middle air duct (11) and the rear air duct (10).

4. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of the energy storage cabinets (6) is multiple.

5. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, A partition wall (5) is arranged between the equipment room (2) and the energy storage room (7).

6. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 5, characterized in that, Inlet and outlet doors (4) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the equipment room (2).

7. The thermal management system for a battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that, A fan (15) is arranged on the lower side of the energy storage cabinet (6).

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