Method for improving kernel quality of kernel apricots

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of kernel quality improvement of kernel apricots, and particularly relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricots. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a basic stock: selecting an apricot basic stock or an apricot plum basic stock; selecting and grafting an interstock: selecting kernel apricot'Zhongkernel No.5 'or apricot plum'flavor rose' as the interstock; grafting the collected interstock scions on the basic stock; selecting and grafting an apricot variety for main kernel planting: taking the collected apricot variety for main kernel planting as a scion, and grafting the scion on the interstock; and management after grafting. According to the method provided by the invention, the to-be-improved variety is grafted to the specific interstock, so that the quality of the kernel of the kernel apricot is quickly improved. Meanwhile, the invention further provides an optimal grafting method for kernel apricots in different seasons, the grafting vigor of the kernel apricots is improved, and the method for improving the kernel quality of the kernel apricots is high in success rate and wide in adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of improving the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use, and particularly relates to a method for improving the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use. Background Art

[0002] Apricot for kernel use is a plant of the genus Armeniaca in the Rosaceae family, with the Latin name Prunus armeniaca × sibirica. It has strong adaptability, is drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant, and is suitable for mechanized management. It is an important ecological and economic forest tree species in the "Three-North" regions of China. Apricot for kernel use is a general term for apricot plants mainly producing almonds, including sweet almonds and bitter almonds. Almonds are rich in oil, protein and various trace elements essential for the human body, and have dual functions as medicine and food, with high economic value. The oil components of almonds are mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are essential fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize by itself and play an important role in enhancing the body's immune function and improving nutritional status. With the development of the health food industry, the market and consumers have an increasing demand for almonds. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the quality of almonds, especially the oil content of almonds.

[0003] At present, the improvement of the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use mostly relies on the breeding of new varieties. The breeding of new varieties is an important means to improve the quality of crops and has achieved great success in the improvement of crop quality. However, compared with crops, the breeding cycle of fruit trees is long, and the occupied area of an adult fruit tree per plant is large. Using the traditional cross-breeding method to screen high-quality new varieties takes a long time and has a high input cost. Moreover, it is difficult for fruit trees to achieve large-scale backcrossing and self-crossing to purify new germplasms. The efficiency of screening germplasms with excellent target traits from only the F1 generation is low, the risk is high and it is difficult to predict. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and universal method for improving the quality of apricot for kernel use.

[0004] At present, in the methods for improving the quality of apricot for kernel use, when cultivating apricot for kernel use, the theory of rootstock-scion interaction is mostly utilized. Selecting high-quality rootstocks can change the flowering period of the scion, improve the resistance of the scion, and improve the fruit quality of the scion. Apricot for kernel use mostly uses Prunus armeniaca var. ansu as the rootstock to improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of the scion, but the Prunus armeniaca var. ansu rootstock cannot improve the oil content of the kernels of the scion. That is, the existing methods for improving the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use have the defect of long cycle and slow effect. Therefore, it is crucial to explore and utilize excellent rootstocks and establish a technical system for rootstocks to improve the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the defect of long cycle and slow effect existing in the existing methods for improving the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use. This method realizes the efficient improvement of the quality of kernels of apricot for kernel use by screening specific interstocks and grafting the variety to be improved onto the specific interstocks.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for improving the quality of kernels of apricots for kernel use, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Selection of basic rootstocks: Select apricot basic rootstocks or apricot - plum basic rootstocks, which are respectively used for grafting apricot varieties and apricot - plum varieties to improve the resistance of the grafted varieties.

[0009] Selection and grafting of intermediate rootstocks: Select 'Zhongren No. 5' of apricots for kernel use or 'Fengwei Meigui' of apricot - plum as intermediate rootstocks; graft the collected intermediate - rootstock scions onto the basic rootstocks to improve the kernel quality of the grafted varieties.

[0010] Selection and grafting of main apricot varieties for kernel use: Use the collected main apricot varieties for kernel use as scions and graft them onto the intermediate rootstocks. While the basic rootstocks improve the resistance of the main - planted varieties, the intermediate rootstocks can improve the kernel quality.

[0011] Management after grafting: After the grafting wounds heal, perform root - stock pruning and bud rubbing to ensure the nutrient supply of the scions and improve the survival rate of the scions.

[0012] In the method for improving the quality of kernels of apricots for kernel use provided by the present invention, grafting is carried out using specific intermediate rootstocks, which can ensure that the basic rootstocks improve the resistance of the main - planted scion varieties, and at the same time, the intermediate rootstocks can improve the kernel quality of the main - planted varieties, greatly shortening the breeding cycle. The method for improving the quality of kernels of apricots for kernel use provided by the present invention has the advantage of a quick - effective breeding cycle.

[0013] Preferably, the apricot basic rootstock is a seedling of apricot with a ground diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm; the apricot - plum basic rootstock is a seedling of plum with a ground diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the variety of the apricot rootstock seedling is Prunus sibirica 'PT47', which has good affinity and stress resistance.

[0015] Preferably, the grafting method includes spring grafting or summer grafting, which extends the operable time, improves the grafting efficiency, and ensures the success rate.

[0016] Preferably, the time for spring grafting is from late March to early May of each year, with an average daily temperature of 8 °C or above.

[0017] Preferably, the spring grafting is carried out by cleft grafting or tongue grafting, and the scions are grafted onto the intermediate rootstocks or the basic rootstocks.

[0018] Preferably, water is irrigated once 7 - 10 days before spring grafting.

[0019] Preferably, the time for summer grafting is from late May to August of each year, and the temperature during summer grafting is 20 °C - 25 °C.

[0020] Preferably, the summer grafting is carried out by means of square bud grafting.

[0021] Preferably, when the grafting method is the spring grafting, scions are collected during the dormancy period from February to March every year, and one-year-old branches with plump bud eyes and a thickness of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm are selected as scions.

[0022] When the grafting method is the summer grafting, scions are collected before the spring grafting.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention provides a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernels for kernel use. In the method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernels for kernel use provided by the present invention, grafting is carried out by using a specific interstock, which can ensure that the basic rootstock improves the resistance of the main cultivated scion variety, and at the same time, the interstock can improve the kernel quality of the main cultivated variety, greatly shortening the breeding cycle. The method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernels for kernel use provided by the present invention has the advantage of a fast-acting breeding cycle.

[0025] 2. The method provided by the present invention realizes the efficient improvement of the kernel quality of apricot kernels for kernel use by grafting the variety to be improved onto a specific interstock. At the same time, the present invention also provides the best grafting methods for apricot kernels for kernel use in different seasons, improving the grafting survival rate of apricot kernels for kernel use, so that the success rate of the method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernels for kernel use is high and the adaptability is wide.

[0026] 3. The present invention has screened out the interstock varieties 'Zhongren No. 5' and 'Fengwei Rose' for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernels through a series of comparative experiments, and has good popularization value.

[0027] 4. Based on the characteristics that the rootstock can regulate the growth and development, phenological period and resistance of the scion, the present invention grafts the main cultivated apricot kernel variety onto the interstock to improve the kernel quality of the scion variety. Compared with the traditional breeding method, the cultivation cycle of high-quality apricot kernel varieties is greatly shortened, and it has good popularization and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is the apricot kernel morphology of different grafting combinations in the present invention; wherein, Figure 1 Figure A in shows the seed and kernel phenotypes of Youyi and Longwangmao with PT56 and PT3 as interstocks; the upper row is the seed phenotype and the lower row is the kernel phenotype; Figure 1 Figure B in shows the seed and kernel phenotypes of Shushanggan and Qinghongxing with Jintaiyang as the interstock; the upper row is the seed phenotype and the lower row is the kernel phenotype; Figure 1Figure C shows the seed and kernel phenotypes of dwarf apricot with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock and scion; the upper row is the seed phenotype, and the lower row is the kernel phenotype; Figure 1 Figure D shows the seed phenotype of dwarfing wild apricot with flavor rose as the intermediate rootstock and scion; the upper row is the seed phenotype, and the lower row is the kernel phenotype.

[0029] Figure 2 The weight, morphology and oil content of dwarf apricot kernels were measured using 'Zhongren 5' as the interstock in the present invention; Figure 2 Figure A shows the kernel weight of dwarf apricot seed with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 2 Figure B shows the longitudinal diameter of the dwarfed apricot kernel with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 2 Figure C shows the horizontal diameter of the dwarfed apricot kernel using 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 2 Figure D shows the side of the dwarfed apricot kernel with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 2 Figure E shows the oil content of dwarf apricot kernels with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 2 Figure F shows the composition of kernel oil of dwarfed apricot kernels with 'Zhongren 5' as the intermediate rootstock.

[0030] Figure 3 The weight, morphology and oil content of dwarf apricot kernels were measured using 'Flavor Rose' as the interstock in the present invention; wherein, Figure 3 Figure A shows the kernel weight of dwarf apricot seed with 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 3 Figure B shows the longitudinal diameter of the dwarfed apricot kernel using 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 3 Figure C shows the horizontal diameter of the dwarfed apricot kernel using 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 3 Figure D shows the side of the dwarfed apricot kernel with 'Flavor Rose' as the middle rootstock; Figure 3 Figure E shows the oil content of dwarf apricot kernels with 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock; Figure 3 Figure F shows the composition of kernel oil of dwarfed Apricot kernels with 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock.

[0031] Figure 4 The weight, shape and oil content of the dried kernels on the tree are changed by using Golden Sun as the intermediate stock in the present invention; wherein, Figure 4 Figure A shows the weight of dry kernels on the tree with Golden Sun as the middle rootstock; Figure 4 Figure B shows the longitudinal diameter of the seed kernel on the trunk of a tree with Golden Sun as the middle rootstock; Figure 4 Figure C shows the horizontal diameter of the seed kernel on the trunk of a tree with Golden Sun as the middle rootstock; Figure 4 Figure D in the figure shows the side of the seed kernel on the trunk of the tree with Golden Sun as the middle rootstock; Figure 4In Figure E, the kernel oil content of the tree-dried seeds with Jintaiyang as the interstock; Figure 4 In Figure F, the oil components of the tree-dried seeds with Jintaiyang as the interstock.

[0032] Figure 5 In the present invention, with 'PT3' as the interstock, the changes in the weight, morphology, and oil content of the improved variety kernels; among them, among them, Figure 5 In Figure A, the weight of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 5 In Figure B, the longitudinal diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 5 In Figure C, the transverse diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 5 In Figure D, the side diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 5 In Figure E, the oil content of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 5 In Figure F, the oil components of the improved variety kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock.

[0033] Figure 6 In the present invention, with 'PT3' as the interstock, the changes in the weight, morphology, and oil content of the Longwangmao kernels; among them, among them, Figure 6 In Figure A, the weight of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 6 In Figure B, the longitudinal diameter of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 6 In Figure C, the transverse diameter of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 6 In Figure D, the side diameter of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 6 In Figure E, the oil content of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock; Figure 6 In Figure F, the oil components of the Longwangmao kernels with 'PT3' as the interstock.

[0034] Figure 7 In the present invention, with 'PT56' as the interstock, the changes in the weight, morphology, and oil content of the improved variety kernels; among them, among them, Figure 7 In Figure A, the weight of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 7 In Figure B, the longitudinal diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 7 In Figure C, the transverse diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 7 In Figure D, the side diameter of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 7 In Figure E, the oil content of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 7 In Figure F, the oil components of the improved variety kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock.

[0035] Figure 8 In the present invention, with 'PT56' as the interstock, the changes in the kernel weight, morphology, and oil content of Longwangmao apricot kernels are as follows. Among them, Figure 8 Figure A in it shows the kernel weight of Longwangmao apricot with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 8 Figure B in it shows the longitudinal diameter of Longwangmao apricot kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 8 Figure C in it shows the transverse diameter of Longwangmao apricot kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 8 Figure D in it shows the side diameter of Longwangmao apricot kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 8 Figure E in it shows the oil content of Longwangmao apricot kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock; Figure 8 Figure F in it shows the oil components of Longwangmao apricot kernels with 'PT56' as the interstock. Specific embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] This embodiment relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dwarf mountain apricot with 'Zhongren No. 5' almond apricot as the interstock. The experiment was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Main Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0039] A method for improving the kernel quality of almond apricot includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Selection of basic rootstock

[0041] Select healthy, well-lignified mountain apricot 'PT47' seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.9 ± 0.1 cm, smooth grafting interface without lateral branches and without pests and diseases as the basic rootstock.

[0042] Among them, the source of the mountain apricot 'PT47' seedlings is the Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0043] (2) Selection of interstock

[0044] Select 'Zhongren No. 5' almond apricot as the interstock. In early March of spring, select scions from healthy, pest-free, high-yield and stable-yield tree bodies. Bundle every 100 branches together, mark the variety name, seal the cut ends with wax, completely wrap them with plastic film, and store them in a 4 °C cold storage.

[0045] Among them, the source of the kernel apricot 'Zhongren No. 5' is the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences.

[0046] (3) Selection of main cultivated varieties

[0047] Select dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu as the main cultivated variety. In early March of spring, select scions from robust trees without diseases and pests and with high and stable yields. Bundle every 100 branches into a bundle, mark the variety name, seal the cut with wax, wrap it completely with plastic film, and store it in a 4°C cold storage.

[0048] Among them, the source of the dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu is the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences.

[0049] (4) Grafting of interstock

[0050] In April of spring, when the average daily temperature is 10°C, use the cleft grafting method to graft the interstock scion onto the rootstock. Irrigate once 7 days before grafting to ensure sufficient moisture in the rootstock, which is beneficial to wound healing and bud germination; when grafting, make the interface smooth, align the cambiums tightly, tie firmly, and seal the grafting interface to achieve the effect of moisture preservation.

[0051] (5) Grafting of main cultivated varieties

[0052] In April of the following spring, select the interstock that survived the grafting in the previous year. When the average daily temperature is 10°C, use the cleft grafting method to graft the main cultivated variety scions onto the interstock and the rootstock respectively. Irrigate once 7 days before grafting to ensure sufficient moisture in the rootstock, which is beneficial to wound healing and bud germination; when grafting, make the interface smooth, align the cambiums tightly, tie firmly, and seal the grafting interface to achieve the effect of moisture preservation.

[0053] (6) Management after grafting

[0054] Seven days after grafting, the grafting interface can heal, and the bud eyes begin to germinate after 15 days. Cut off the rootstock 2 cm above the surviving scion, and promptly remove the sprouts on the rootstock. Select one robust scion sprout and remove the redundant sprouts. Conduct field management according to the industry standard LYT1558-2017. After the scion blossoms and bears fruit, collect the seeds, extract almond oil using the Soxhlet extraction method, and calculate the oil content; use tricaprylin as the internal standard and determine the almond fatty acid components using a gas chromatograph. Statistically compare the kernel phenotypes and oil contents of the three combinations of kernel apricot 'Zhongren No. 5' + Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'PT47', dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu + Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'PT47', and dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu + kernel apricot 'Zhongren No. 5' + Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'PT47'.

[0055] Among them, 20 g of almonds were placed in an oven and dried to a constant weight, and then fully crushed using a pulverizer. Subsequently, the ground almond sample was wrapped with filter paper and placed in a Soxhlet extractor that had been pre-rinsed with petroleum ether. Almond oil was obtained by extracting for 6 h in a constant temperature water bath at 60 °C. After the extraction was completed, the filter paper packet was taken out, and heating reflux was continued twice to wash the extraction tube. The collected almond oil was placed in an oven to remove the small amount of petroleum ether mixed in. After the petroleum ether had completely volatilized, it was stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C.

[0056] The oil content was calculated according to the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] In the above formula, m: the mass of the filter paper packet; m1: the mass of the filter paper packet + almonds before extraction; m2: the mass of the filter paper packet + almonds after extraction.

[0059] The method for determining the fatty acid components of almonds by a gas chromatograph was as follows:

[0060] Preparation of the standard solution: It included a 47885U-37 mixed fatty acid methyl ester standard. Internal standard: Glycerol trinonanoate.

[0061] Sample pretreatment: Prepare a saturated NaCl aqueous solution and a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide-methanol solution. Weigh 10 mL of almond oil with an analytical balance and place it in a 15 mL centrifuge tube. Add 3 mL of the 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide-methanol solution and vortex for 2 min. After reacting at room temperature for 30 min, add 3 mL of n-hexane, vortex for 1 min, and then centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Use a pipette to aspirate the upper organic phase and place it in a 15 mL centrifuge tube. Add an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, shake vigorously, then use a syringe to aspirate the supernatant, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter head, and then perform on-machine detection.

[0062] The instrument settings included performing gas chromatographic analysis using a capillary chromatographic column, with nitrogen as the carrier gas and the flow rate set at 3.0 mL / min. The temperature of the injection port was adjusted to 270 °C, and the split ratio was 100:1. The temperature programming started at 100 °C and maintained this temperature for 13 min. From 100 °C to 180 °C, the heating rate was 10 °C / min and it was held for 6 min; from 180 °C to 200 °C, the heating rate was 1 °C / min and it was held for 20 min; from 200 °C to 230 °C, the heating rate was 4 °C / min and it was held for 20 min. FID detector: Temperature 280 °C, hydrogen flow rate 35 mL / min, air 350 mL / min, make-up gas (He) 30 mL / min.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dwarf wild apricot by using the kernel apricot 'Zhongren 5' as an interstock, which is carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0065] A method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricot includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) Selection of basic rootstock

[0067] Select the wild apricot 'PT47' seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.9±0.1 cm, which are robust, well-lignified, smooth at the grafting interface without lateral branches and free of pests and diseases, as the basic rootstock.

[0068] Among them, the source of the wild apricot 'PT47' seedlings is the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0069] (2) Selection of interstock

[0070] Select the kernel apricot 'Zhongren 5' as the interstock. In June of summer, select the scions from the tree with strong growth potential, no pests and diseases, high and stable yield. Two days before collecting the scions, water the scion mother tree to promote the peeling of the scions. Before 9:00 in the morning, cut the current-year healthy branches with plump buds and a thickness of 0.8±0.2 cm on the scion mother tree, cut off the leaves, leave a short handle of about 3 mm, wrap it with a wet cloth, place it in a 4°C cold storage, and use it within 10 days.

[0071] Among them, the source of the kernel apricot 'Zhongren 5' is the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0072] (3) Selection of main cultivated variety

[0073] Select the dwarf wild apricot as the main cultivated variety. In June of summer, select the scions from the tree with strong growth potential, no pests and diseases, high and stable yield. Two days before collecting the scions, water the scion mother tree to promote the peeling of the scions. Before 9:00 in the morning, cut the current-year healthy branches with plump buds and a thickness of 0.8±0.2 cm on the scion mother tree, cut off the leaves, leave a short handle of about 3 mm, wrap it with a wet cloth, place it in a 4°C cold storage, and use it within 10 days. Among them, the source of the dwarf wild apricot is the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0074] (4) Grafting of interstock

[0075] In July of summer, at 23±2℃, select a sunny and windless day and use the method of square budding to graft the scion of the interstock onto the basic stock. When doing square budding, use a grafting knife to cut around the scion bud into a square with a length of 3.5±0.5 cm and a width of 0.9±0.1 cm, cut to the xylem and take down the square bud piece. Using the same method, at a suitable and smooth position on the stock, use a grafting knife to remove the epidermis that matches the shape and size of the square bud piece, and cut out a drainage groove at the lower part of the incision. Put the square bud piece into the incision, and keep the lower part and one side of the square bud piece closely attached to the lower part and one side of the incision respectively. Use a film to tightly wrap the square bud piece at the incision, expose the bud, and leave 4 compound leaves above the incision for cutting the stock. Water thoroughly once 7 days before grafting as appropriate, which is beneficial to wound healing and bud germination of the scion.

[0076] (5) Grafting of the main cultivated variety

[0077] In the following year, in July of summer, select the interstock that survived grafting in the previous year, select a sunny and windless day, with an air temperature of 23±2℃, and use the method of square budding to graft the main cultivated variety onto the interstock and the basic stock respectively. When doing square budding, use a grafting knife to cut around the scion bud into a square with a length of 3.5±0.5 cm and a width of 0.9±0.1 cm, cut to the xylem and take down the square bud piece. Using the same method, at a suitable and smooth position on the stock, use a grafting knife to remove the epidermis that matches the shape and size of the square bud piece, and cut out a drainage groove at the lower part of the incision. Put the square bud piece into the incision, and keep the lower part and one side of the square bud piece closely attached to the lower part and one side of the incision respectively. Use a film to tightly wrap the square bud piece at the incision, expose the bud, and leave 4 compound leaves above the incision for cutting the stock. Water thoroughly once 7 days before grafting as appropriate, which is beneficial to wound healing and bud germination of the scion.

[0078] (6) Management after grafting

[0079] 7 days after grafting, the grafting interface can heal, and the bud eyes start to germinate after 15 days. Cut off the stock 2 cm above the surviving scion, and promptly remove the suckers on the stock. Select and retain one strong scion sprout and remove the redundant sprouts. Refer to the industry standard LYT1558 - 2017 for field management. After the scion blossoms and bears fruit, collect the seeds, extract almond oil using the Soxhlet extraction method, and calculate the oil content. Using tricaprin as the internal standard, use a gas chromatograph to determine the fatty acid components of almonds. Statistically compare the kernel phenotypes and oil contents of the three combinations of Prunus armeniaca 'Zhongren 5' + Prunus sibirica 'PT47', dwarf Prunus sibirica + Prunus sibirica 'PT47', and dwarf Prunus sibirica + Prunus armeniaca 'Zhongren 5' + Prunus sibirica 'PT47'.

[0080] Among them, the operating steps for extracting almond oil by the Soxhlet extraction method are: the same as in Example 1.

[0081] The oil content is calculated according to the following formula: the same as in Example 1.

[0082] The method for determining the fatty acid components of almond kernels by gas chromatography is as follows:

[0083] Same as Example 1.

[0084] The kernel phenotypes and oil contents of three combinations, namely Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'Zhongren 5' + Prunus sibirica 'PT47', dwarf Prunus sibirica + Prunus sibirica 'PT47', and dwarf Prunus sibirica + Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'Zhongren 5' + Prunus sibirica 'PT47', are shown in Figures 2 to 3 .

[0085] Figure 2 The results of Figure 3 show the changes in the weight and morphology of the dwarf Prunus sibirica kernel with Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'Zhongren 5' as the interstock.

[0086] From Figure 2 and Figure 3 the results, it can be seen that using Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'Zhongren 5' as the interstock can improve the quality of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu kernels.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] This example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dwarf Prunus sibirica with Prunus simonii × Prunus americana 'Flavorosa' as the interstock, which is carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0089] A method for improving the kernel quality of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu includes the following steps:

[0090] (1) Selection of basic rootstock

[0091] Select healthy, well-lignified plum seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.9 ± 0.1 cm, smooth grafting interfaces without lateral branches and no pests and diseases as the basic rootstock.

[0092] Among them, the plum seedlings are from the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0093] (2) Selection of interstock

[0094] Select Prunus simonii × Prunus americana 'Flavorosa' as the interstock. In March of spring, select scions from healthy, pest-free, high-yield and stable-yield tree bodies. Bundle every 100 branches together, mark the variety name, seal the cut ends with wax, completely wrap them with plastic film, and store them in a 4°C cold storage.

[0095] Among them, Prunus simonii × Prunus americana 'Flavorosa' is from the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0096] (3) Selection of main cultivated variety

[0097] Select dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu as the main cultivar. In March of spring, select scions from robust trees without diseases and pests and with high and stable yields. Bundle every 100 branches into a bundle, mark the variety name, seal the cut ends with wax, wrap them completely with plastic film, and store them in a 4°C cold storage.

[0098] Among them, the dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu is sourced from the Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0099] (4) Grafting the interstock.

[0100] In April of spring, when the daily average temperature is 10°C, use the cleft grafting method to graft the interstock scion onto the basic rootstock. Irrigate once 7 days before grafting to ensure sufficient moisture in the rootstock, which is beneficial for wound healing and bud germination; when grafting, make the interface smooth, align the cambiums tightly, tie firmly, and seal the grafting interface to achieve the effect of moisture retention.

[0101] (5) Grafting the main cultivar

[0102] (6) In April of the following spring, select the interstocks that survived the grafting in the previous year. When the daily average temperature is 10°C, use the cleft grafting method to graft the main cultivar onto the interstock and the basic rootstock respectively. Irrigate once 7 days before grafting to ensure sufficient moisture in the rootstock, which is beneficial for wound healing and bud germination; when grafting, make the interface smooth, cut off the rootstock, and promptly remove the suckers on the rootstock. Select one robust scion sprout and remove the redundant sprouts. Conduct field management according to the industry standard LYT1558 - 2017. After the scion blossoms and bears fruit, collect the seeds, extract almond oil using the Soxhlet extraction method, and calculate the oil content. Using triundecanoin as the internal standard, determine the almond fatty acid components using a gas chromatograph. Statistically compare the kernel phenotypes and oil contents of the three combinations: Prunus simonii × Prunus salicina 'Flavor Rose' + Prunus salicina, dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu + Prunus salicina, dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu + Prunus simonii × Prunus salicina 'Flavor Rose' + Prunus salicina.

[0103] Among them, the operating steps for extracting almond oil using the Soxhlet extraction method are the same as in Example 1.

[0104] The oil content is calculated according to the following formula: the same as in Example 1.

[0105] The method for determining the almond fatty acid components using a gas chromatograph is as follows:

[0106] The same as in Example 1.

[0107] Example 4

[0108] This example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dwarf Prunus armeniaca var. ansu with Prunus simonii × Prunus salicina 'Flavor Rose' as the interstock, which is carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0109] A method for improving the quality of kernels of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, comprising the following steps:

[0110] (1) Selection of basic rootstock

[0111] Select healthy, well-lignified Prunus salicina seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.9 ± 0.1 cm, smooth grafting interface without lateral branches and free of pests and diseases as the basic rootstock.

[0112] Among them, the Prunus salicina seedlings are sourced from the Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0113] (2) Selection of interstock

[0114] Select Prunus simonii × Prunus americana 'Flavorosa' as the interstock. In June of summer, select healthy, pest-free and high-yielding and stable-yielding tree bodies to collect scions. Two days before scion collection, water the scion mother trees to promote the separation of the bark. Before 9:00 in the morning, cut the current-year healthy branches with plump buds and a thickness of 0.8 ± 0.2 cm on the scion mother trees, cut off the leaves, leave a short stalk of 3 mm, wrap it with a wet cloth, place it in a 4°C cold storage, and use it within 10 days.

[0115] Among them, the Prunus simonii × Prunus americana 'Flavorosa' is sourced from the Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0116] (3) Selection of main cultivar

[0117] Select dwarf Prunus sibirica as the main cultivar. In June of summer, select healthy, pest-free and high-yielding and stable-yielding tree bodies to collect scions. Two days before scion collection, water the scion mother trees to promote the separation of the bark. Before 9:00 in the morning, cut the current-year healthy branches with plump buds and a thickness of 0.8 ± 0.2 cm on the scion mother trees, cut off the leaves, leave a short stalk of 3 mm, wrap it with a wet cloth, place it in a 4°C cold storage, and use it within 10 days. Among them, the dwarf Prunus sibirica is sourced from the Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

[0118] (4) Grafting of interstock

[0119] In July of summer, at 23 ± 2°C, select a sunny and windless day, and use the method of square bud grafting to graft the interstock scion to the basic rootstock. When performing square bud grafting, use a grafting knife to cut around the scion bud into a square with a length of 3.5 ± 0.5 cm and a width of 0.9 ± 0.1 cm, cut to the xylem and take down the square bud piece. Using the same method, at a suitable and smooth position on the rootstock, use a grafting knife to remove the epidermis that matches the shape and size of the square bud piece, and cut off the drainage groove at the lower part of the incision. Place the square bud piece into the incision, and keep the lower part and one side of the square bud piece closely attached to the lower part and one side of the incision respectively. Use a film to tightly wrap the square bud piece at the incision, expose the bud body, and leave 3 - 5 compound leaves above the incision for cutting the rootstock. Water thoroughly once 7 days before grafting as appropriate, which is beneficial to wound healing and the germination of grafted buds.

[0120] (5) Grafting of the main cultivated variety

[0121] In the following year, in July of summer, select the interstock that survived the grafting in the previous year. Choose a sunny and windless day with an air temperature of 23 ± 2°C. Using the method of square bud grafting, graft the main cultivated varieties onto the interstock respectively. When performing square bud grafting, use a grafting knife to cut around the bud of the scion into a square with a length of 3.5 ± 0.5 cm and a width of 0.9 ± 0.1 cm, cut to the xylem and take down the square bud piece. Using the same method, at a suitable and smooth position on the rootstock, use a grafting knife to remove the epidermis that matches the shape and size of the square bud piece, and cut off the drainage groove at the lower part of the incision. Put the square bud piece into the incision, and keep the lower part and one side of the square bud piece closely attached to the lower part and one side of the incision respectively. Use a film to tightly wrap the square bud piece at the incision, expose the bud, and leave 3 - 5 compound leaves above the incision for cutting the rootstock. Water thoroughly once 7 days before grafting as appropriate, which is beneficial to wound healing and bud germination of the grafted bud.

[0122] (6) Seven days after grafting, the graft union can heal, and the bud eyes begin to germinate after 15 days. Cut off the rootstock 2 cm above the surviving scion, and promptly remove the sprouts on the rootstock. Select and retain one strong scion sprout, and remove the redundant sprouts. Refer to the industry standard LYT1558 - 2017 for field management. After the scion blossoms and bears fruit, collect the seeds, extract almond oil using the Soxhlet extraction method, and calculate the oil content rate. Using triundecanoin as the internal standard, use a gas chromatograph to determine the almond fatty acid components. Statistically compare the kernel phenotypes and oil contents of the three combinations of Prunus simonii 'Fengwei Meigui' + Prunus salicina, dwarf Prunus armeniaca + Prunus salicina, and dwarf Prunus armeniaca + Prunus simonii 'Fengwei Meigui' + Prunus salicina.

[0123] Among them, the operation steps for extracting almond oil by the Soxhlet extraction method are: the same as in Example 1.

[0124] The oil content rate is calculated according to the following formula: the same as in Example 1.

[0125] The method for determining the almond fatty acid components by a gas chromatograph is as follows:

[0126] The same as in Example 1.

[0127] The kernel phenotypes and oil contents of the three combinations of Prunus simonii 'Fengwei Meigui' + Prunus salicina, dwarf Prunus armeniaca + Prunus salicina, and dwarf Prunus armeniaca + Prunus simonii 'Fengwei Meigui' + Prunus salicina are shown in Figures 4 to 5 .

[0128] Figure 4 The results are the weight and morphological changes of the kernels of dwarf Prunus armeniaca with 'Fengwei Meigui' as the interstock. Figure 5 The results are the changes in the oil content of the kernels of dwarf Prunus armeniaca with 'Fengwei Meigui' as the interstock. From Figure 4 and Figure 5The results show that using Prunus simonii 'Fengwei Meigui' as the interstock can improve the kernel quality of kernel apricots.

[0129] Comparative Example 1

[0130] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dried apricots on the tree using fresh apricot 'Jintaiyang' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank for Main Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0131] A method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricots includes the following steps:

[0132] Same as Example 1.

[0133] Comparative Example 2

[0134] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of dried apricots on the tree using fresh apricot 'Jintaiyang' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank for Main Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0135] A method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricots includes the following steps

[0136] Same as Example 2.

[0137] Comparative Example 3

[0138] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of Prunus armeniaca 'Youyi' using Prunus sibirica 'PT56' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank for Main Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0139] A method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricots includes the following steps:

[0140] Same as Example 1.

[0141] Comparative Example 4

[0142] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of Prunus armeniaca 'Youyi' using Prunus sibirica 'PT56' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank for Main Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0143] A method for improving the kernel quality of kernel apricots includes the following steps:

[0144] Same as Example 2.

[0145] Comparative Example 5

[0146] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel 'Longwangmao' with Prunus armeniaca 'PT56' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0147] A method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel, comprising the following steps:

[0148] Same as Example 1.

[0149] Comparative Example 6

[0150] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel 'Longwangmao' with Prunus armeniaca 'PT56' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0151] A method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel, comprising the following steps:

[0152] Same as Example 2.

[0153] Comparative Example 7

[0154] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel 'Youyi' with Prunus armeniaca 'PT3' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0155] A method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel, comprising the following steps:

[0156] Same as Example 1.

[0157] Comparative Example 8

[0158] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel 'Youyi' with Prunus armeniaca 'PT3' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0159] A method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel, comprising the following steps:

[0160] Same as Example 2.

[0161] Comparative Example 9

[0162] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the kernel quality of apricot kernel 'Longwangmao' with Prunus armeniaca 'PT3' as the interstock, which was carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resources Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-wood Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0163] A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels, comprising the following steps:

[0164] Same as Example 1.

[0165] Comparative Example 10

[0166] This comparative example relates to a method for improving the quality of apricot kernels of 'Longwangmao' by using Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 'PT3' as an interstock, which is carried out in the National Forest Tree Germplasm Resource Bank of Major Famous and High-quality Economic Tree Species in the North, Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry. The specific method is as follows:

[0167] A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels, comprising the following steps:

[0168] Same as Example 2.

[0169] In the embodiments of the present invention, using 'Zhongren 5' and 'Fengwei Rose' as interstocks can significantly improve the kernel size and oil content of the grafted main cultivated varieties compared with the comparative examples using 'Jintaiyang', PT3, etc. as interstocks, and improve the kernel quality. Compared with the traditional breeding method that takes an average of 10 years to breed a good variety, using interstocks can achieve the improvement of the kernel quality of the main cultivated variety within 2 years, and can more efficiently solve industrial problems.

[0170] In summary, the method for improving the quality of apricot kernels provided by the present invention uses 'Zhongren 5' and 'Fengwei Rose' as interstocks to improve the kernel quality of the scion main cultivated variety, providing technical support for improving the existing apricot kernel industry.

[0171] In the method for improving the quality of apricot kernels provided by the present invention, grafting is carried out using a specific interstock, which can ensure that the basic rootstock improves the resistance of the main cultivated scion variety, and at the same time, the interstock can improve the kernel quality of the main cultivated variety, greatly shortening the breeding cycle. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels provided by the present invention has the advantage of a fast-acting breeding cycle.

[0172] At the same time, the method provided by the present invention realizes the efficient improvement of the quality of apricot kernels by grafting the variety to be improved onto a specific interstock. At the same time, the present invention also provides the best grafting methods for apricot kernels in different seasons, improving the grafting survival rate of apricot kernels, making the success rate of the above method for improving the quality of apricot kernels high and the adaptability wide.

[0173] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that any value between the two endpoints of each numerical range and any one of the two endpoints can be selected. To avoid repetition, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0174] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0175] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and deformations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and deformations.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels, characterized in that: The steps include: Choice of basic rootstock: Choose apricot basic rootstock or apricot-plum basic rootstock; Selection and grafting of intermediate rootstocks: selecting apricot 'Zhongren No. 5' or apricot plum 'Flavor Rose' as the intermediate rootstock; grafting the collected intermediate rootstock scion onto the basic rootstock; Selection and grafting of main apricot varieties: using the collected main apricot varieties as scions and grafting them onto the intermediate rootstocks; Management after grafting: After the grafting wound heals, cut the rootstock and remove the buds to ensure the survival rate of the scion.

2. A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The apricot basic rootstock is an apricot seedling with a ground diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm; the apricot-plum basic rootstock is a plum seedling with a ground diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

3. A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variety of the apricot seedlings is Prunus armeniaca 'PT47'.

4. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting method includes spring grafting or summer grafting.

5. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spring grafting time is from late March to early May every year, with the average daily temperature above 8°C.

6. A method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spring grafting adopts cleft grafting or tongue grafting to graft the scion onto the intermediate rootstock or the basic rootstock.

7. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The summer grafting time is from late May to August every year, and the temperature during the summer grafting is 20°C to 25°C.

8. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The summer grafting is carried out by block bud grafting.

9. The method for improving the quality of apricot kernels according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the grafting method is the spring grafting, scions are collected during the dormant period from February to March each year, and one-year-old branches with full buds and a thickness of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm are selected as scions; When the grafting method is the summer grafting, the scion is collected before the spring grafting.

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